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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 394 976 SP 036 692 TITLE a Review of Research on the Kentucky Education Reform Act 1995 (KERA). INSTITUTION K

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 394 976 SP 036 692 TITLE a Review of Research on the Kentucky Education Reform Act 1995 (KERA). INSTITUTION K DOCUMENT RESUME ED 394 976 SP 036 692 TITLE A Review of Research on the Kentucky Education Reform Act 1995 (KERA). INSTITUTION Kentucky Univ.-Louisville Univ., KY. Joint Center for the Study of Educational Policy. SPONS AGENCY Kentucky Inst. for Education Research, Frankfort. PUB DATE Feb 96 NOTE 267p.; For related documents, see SP 036 685-694. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Curriculum Design; *Educational Assessment; Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; Extended School Day; Extended School Year; Faculty Development; Literature Reviews; Multicultural Education; Preschool Education; Public Opinion; Resource Centers; School Based Management; *School Restructuring; State Departments of Education; *State Legislation; *State Standards IDENTIFIERS *Kentucky; *Kentucky Education Reform Act 1990 ABSTRACT This review of research identifies, reviews, and summarizes studies that address the implementation of the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990 (KERA) and that focus on the effects of the reforms on students, teachers, and other stakeholders. Introductory summary overviews are included in the areas of finance, governance, and curriculum, and on three areas that are receiving much current attention: assessment and accountability, the primary program, and the need for professional development. The volume is introduced by an executive summary by Connie A. Bridge, Peter N. Winograd, and Joseph M. Petrosko. The remainder of the volume is divided into four sections: Finance, Governance, Curriculum, and Perceptions and Beliefs about KERA. These sections contain the following review articles: "School Finance Reform" (Stephan J. Goetz and David L. Debertin); "School-Based Decision Making" (Charles J. Russo and Jane Clark Lindle); "Reorganization of the Kentucky Department of Education" (Eddy J. Van Meter); "Education Professional Standards Board" (Elizabeth Nelli); "Assessment and Accountability" (Joseph M. Petrosko); "KERA Preschool Programs for At-Risk 4-Year-Old Children and 3- and 4-Year Old Children with Disabilities" (Mary Louise Hemmetcr); "Primary Program" (Ellen McIntyre and Diane W. Kyle); "High School Restructuring" (John Fischetti and Allan Dittmer); "Extended School Services" (Jeffery C. Drake) ;"Education Technology" (Douglas C. Smith and Joan Mazur); "Professional Development" (Patricia L. Daniel and James R. Craig); "Curriculum Framework" (Peter N. Winograd); "Multicultural Education" (Ella Simmons); "KERA Family Resource and Youth Services Centers" (Phillip W. Roeder and Stephan M. Wilson); and "Perceptions, Attitudes and Beliefs about The Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA)" (Roger Pankratz). (Contains chapter references.) (NAV) KENTUCKY INSTITUTE FC)12_. EDUCATION RESEARCH nsumer U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office ol Educational Research tixl Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL CENTER (ERIC) HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C) This document has been reproduced as , received from the person or organization originating it O Minor changs have been made to improve I") reproduction quality Ppnts of view or opinions stated in this docui merit do not neceninly represent official TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES 411 pwr.= OERI position or policy 2 INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) BEST COPY AVAILABLE BOARD OF DIRECTORS , 1995-1996 CHAIR Jacob Adams Ben Richmond Vanderbilt University Urban League of Louisville Box 317, GPC 1535 West Broadway Nashville, TN 37203 Louisville, KY 40203-3516 Mike Duncan, Chair VICE-CHAIR Inez Deposit Bank Jane JOplin Evans P.0: Box 331 515 North Main Street Inez, KY 41224 Somerset, KY 42501 Jane Haase SECRETARY 1415 Griffith Avenue Robert F. Sexton Owensboro, KY 42301 The Prichard Committee P.O. Box 1658 Blain Hudson Lexington, KY 40592 601 Wimbleton Court, #4 Louisville, KY 40218 TREASURER Doug Kuelpman Fred Williams United Parcel Service 70 Pentland Place 1400 North Hurstbourne Parkway Ft. Thomas, KY 41075 Louisville, KY 40223 Amy Helm Wilson EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Murray Ledger & Times Ernie W. Stamper 1001 Whitnell Avenue Ashland, Inc. Murray, KY 42071 P.O. Box 391 Ashland, KY 41114 Joe Wright Star Route Harned, KY 40144 THE KENTUCKY INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION RESEARCH 146 Consumer Lane, Frankfort, KY 40601 Phone: 5021227-9014- Fax: 502/227-8976 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVESUMMARY iv Connie A. Bridge, Peter N. Winograd and Joseph M. Petrosko FINANCE School Finance Reform 1 Stephan J. Goetz and David L. Debertin GOVERNANCE School-Based Decision Making 14 Charles J. Russo and Jane Clark Lind le Reorganization of the Kentucky Department of Education 31 Eddy J. Van Meter Education Professional Standards Board 43 Elizabeth Nelli CURRICULUM Assessment and Accountability 57 Joseph M. Petrosko KERA Preschool Programs for At-Risk 4-Year Old Children and 3- and 4-Year Old Children with Disabilities 99 Mary Louise Hemmeter Primary Program 113 Ellen McIntyre and Diane W. Kyle High School Restructuring 131 John Fischetti and Allan Dittmer Extended School Services 140 Jeffery C. Drake i Education Technology 151 Douglas C. Smith and Joan Mazur Professional Development 167 Patricia L. Daniel and James R. Craig Curriculum Framework 181 Peter N. Winograd Multicultural Education 188 Ella Simmons KERA Family Resource and Youth Services Centers 198 Phillip W. Roeder and Stephan M. Wilson PERCEPTIONS AND BELIEFS ABOUT KERA Perceptions, Attitudes, and Beliefs about The Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) 206 Roger Pankratz ii UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY/UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE JOINT CENTER REVIEW OF RESEARCH SERIES The January 1996 Review of Research of the Kentucky Education Reform Act is the fourth review of research on KERA produced for the Kentucky Institute for Education Research by the UK/UofL Joint Center for the Study of Educational Policy. The three earlier reviews were published by the Institute in July 1993, November 1993, and December 1994. Most of the contributors to these reviews are the faculty and researchers at the University of Kentucky and the University of Louisville who have special interests in each of the KERA initiatives. The UK/UofL Joint Center for the Study of Educational Policy was created in 1992 as a collaborative effort between Kentucky's two research institutions. The major purpose of the Joint Center is to study issues affecting the continued development of the public educational system in Kentucky, with a special focus on the implementation and evaluation of the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990. RESEARCH ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS University of Kentucky Members University of Louisville Members Dr. Peter Winograd, Acting Co-Director Dr. Joseph Petrosko, Co-Director Dr. Connie Bridge, Dr. Melissa Evans Andris Co-Director (on Sabbatical) Dr. Betty Lou Whitford Dr. Phillip Roeder Dr. Shirley Willihnganz Dr. Charles Russo Dr. George Cunningham Dr. Alan De Young Mr. Bruce Gale Dr. Stephan Wilson Dr. Ella Simmons Dr. Mark Berger 1 V- I I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Connie A. Bridge, Peter N. Winograd and Joseph M. Petrosko University of Kentucky and University of Louisville Background for this Review of Research. In June of 1990, the Kentucky legislature passed the most sweeping educational reform act in the history of the United States, the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA). In response to the Kentucky Supreme Court ruling that the schools were inequitable and inefficient, the legislature totally revamped Kentucky's educational system in the areas of finance, governance and curriculum in an attempt to provide equal educational opportunities for all of Kentucky's children regardless of the property wealth of the district in which they lived. The Kentucky Education Reform Act is unique because unlike the reforms in many other states, it was not limited to setting higher educational standards and creating new organizational structures, introducing new statewide assessment accompanied by rewards and sanctions. In addition, KERA created additional support systems for teachers, families, and students in the form of increased funding for staff development to help teachers learn to implement the new mandates, a preschool program for economically at-risk fouryear-olds and children with disabilities, an extended school services program for students who need more time to learn before or after school or in the summer, and family resource youth service centers to put students and their families in touch with needed health and social services. As we take stock of where we are now five years into the reform, we must not forget where we came from and the compelling reasons for the initial passage of the Kentucky Education Reform Act. In 1989 when the Supreme Court handed down its decision, Kentucky was notorious for its traditional failure to support education, for its high dropout rate and its high illiteracy rate, and for the limited supply of qualified workers available to attract business and industry. Now Kentucky is recognized nationally for its ambitious and comprehensive attempt to improve its educational system. Even as we suffer from the pain and discomfort of change and struggle to solve some of the inevitable problems associated with implementation, we must not delude ourselves into thinking that the pre-KERA days were the "good old days" in Kentucky education. Our own research tell us they were not. Purpose of this Review of Research. The purpose of this review of research is to identify, review, and summarize studies that address the implementation of KERA and
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