Annotated Bibliography of Sources Related to the Natural Values of the Mackenzie River Photo credit: Ingrid Kritsch, GSCI. Point Separation on the Mackenzie River Prepared for: GNWT Dept. of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development Prepared by: Sharon Katz, Ph.D. Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute January 2004 Acknowledgments Many thanks to the staff of the Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute (GSCI), and especially Ingrid Kritsch, Research Director for assisting with the work and Alestine Andre for recommending me for this project. Also, particular thanks to Larry Adamson and Gerry Le Prieur of the GNWT Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development (RWED). The funding for this bibliography was provided by the Dept. of RWED. The support and collaboration of the following organisations and individuals are warmly acknowledged: GNWT Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development Larry Adamson, Manager, Parks and Protected Areas Gerry Le Prieur, Director, Parks and Tourism Alison Welch, Manager, Library and Information Services, Yellowknife Wendy Wright, Librarian, Inuvik Environment Canada, Yellowknife, N.W.T. Jesse Jasper, Head, Northern Section, Atmospheric & Hydrologic Science Division Dale Ross, Head, NWT/Nunavut District, Water Survey of Canada Douglas Halliwell, Senior Aquatic Quality Scientist, Ecosystem Health Assessment Section Glenna MacKenzie, Librarian Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Yellowknife Doug Chiperzak Bruce Hanna Aurora Research Institute Dr. Andrew Applejohn, Director Angela Coldwell, Librarian Gwich’in Renwable Resources Board Marie-Anick Elie, Communications Manager Parks Canada, Inuvik Alan Fehr Ed McLean Mackenzie River Basin Board Jack Van Camp, Director Mark Wayland, Lead writer University of Calgary Library, Calgary Saundra Lipton, Head, Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences Liaison Services Liaison Librarian, Philosophy and Religious Studies Sharon Katz January 2004 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………… 2 Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………... 3 About this Bibliography ……………………………………………………………. 4 Bibliographic Resources …………………………………………………………… 4 Natural Value Themes and Search Values………………………………………….. 4 Library Abbreviations ……….……………………………………………………... 5 Natural Value Theme : Biotic Environments (B) ………………………………... 6 Natural Value Theme : Climate Change (CL) ……………………………………. 44 Natural Value Theme : Contaminants (C) ……………………………………….. 56 Natural Value Theme : Fauna (F) ………………………………………………… 74 Natural Value Theme : Hydrology (H) …………………………………………... 135 Natural Value Theme : River Morphology (M)…………………………………… 177 Natural Value Theme : Natural Resources (N)…………………………………… 189 Natural Value Theme : Physiography (P) ………………………………………... 200 Natural Value Theme : Vegetation (V) …………………………………………... 228 3 About this Bibliography The enclosed bibliography is a partially annotated listing of authoritative studies and documents containing information about the Natural Values of the Mackenzie River. This bibliography is not an exhaustive document and was compiled as a first step in assisting regional working groups in the Mackenzie Valley interested in nominating the Mackenzie River as a Canadian Heritage River. There are a total of 711 references in the bibliography and they are presented according to the list of Natural Value themes listed below. References referring to the southern part of the Beaufort Sea have been included, as this region is strongly influenced by the flow from the Mackenzie River. However, references about rivers that feed into the Mackenzie River were generally not included. Reports that are technological or industrial in nature were omitted unless they contained information relevant to this bibliography. For example, a high volume of references exist about winter road construction, and granular material for roads, and was not included here. Many of the references are reports that were not published in scientific journals. Libraries where hard copies of books and reports can be found have been listed. Preliminary and intermediate reports were included only if the final reports were not accessible. The annotations included are based largely on those provided in the Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) database. Bibliographic Resources • Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) available on-line through the University of Calgary Library: http://www.aina.ucalgary.ca/scripts/minisa.dll?HOME • Aurora Research Institute Library, Inuvik • Entre-pubmed, available on-line through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi • The Mackenzie River Basin Board, Yellowknife Natural Value Themes and Search Values The Natural Value themes represented in this bibliography are listed below. Under each theme, the search values used in searching are recorded. All search values were searched using an advanced search in conjunction with the word Mackenzie. The themes Climate Change, Contaminants and Natural Resources were not searched separately, but contain references that emerged during other searches. Natural Value theme: Biotic (B) Search value: Biotic, environment, environmental, ecosystem/s, Natural Value theme: Climate Change (CL) 4 Natural Value theme: Contaminants (C) Natural Value theme: Fauna (F) Search value: Fauna, animal population/s, significant animal, rare animal, species Natural Value theme: Hydrology (H) Search value: Hydrology, seasonal variation, water content, river size, drainage Natural Value theme: River Morphology (M) Search value: Morphology, valley types, channel, fluvial Natural Value theme: Natural Resources (N) Natural Value theme: Physiography (P) Search value: Physiography, physiographic, geological, hydrography, topography Natural Value theme: Vegetation (V) Search value: Vegetation, flora, significant plant/s, rare plants, plant communities, plant community. Library Abbreviations Used in Bibliography AEECW = Environment Canada Library, Prairie and Northern Region, Headquarters ACSP = Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Library ACU = University of Calgary ARI = Aurora Research Institute, Inuvik MWFW = Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Eric Marshall Aquatic Research Library NFSMO = Memorial University of Newfoundland, C-CORE Information Centre NSDB = Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Library, Dartmouth, NS NWYGI = Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly, Legislative Library of the N.W.T. NWYWNH = Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Library, Yellowknife, NT OONE = National Energy Board, Library, Ottawa, ON OORD = Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Departmental Library 5 Natural Value Theme: Biotic Environments Author(s) Allison, L. Nielsen, W. B1 Title Sensitive areas : literature review, WATDOC references Affiliations Mackenzie River Basin Committee (Canada) [Sponsor] Publication (1981) Lib. code ASTIS 8837 Libraries ACU Summary This supplement contains the results of two studies undertaken as part of the Mackenzie River Basin Study program. The first section contains the "Sensitive Areas: Literature Review" report, which provides a summary of the available information on thirty seven areas within the Mackenzie Basin that could be expected to suffer in biologic productivity and cultural or social value if changes occurred in the hydrologic regime (for example, river flows and levels, water quality and sedimentation). The list of areas examined is not exhaustive. Each area summary contains a description of the hydrologic characteristics; natural resources (wildlife, fisheries, vegetation); socio- economic considerations; sensitivity to hydrologic change; knowledge gaps or data deficiencies; and concludes with a select bibliography. ... The second section is a user guide to searching the Canadian Environment bibliographic data base containing some 45.000 references to Canadian literature concerned with water resources and related environmental material. This includes the 1600 references and abstracts relating to the Mackenzie River Basin added during the study program. It is accessible throughout Canada on the QL Shared Information Service. Author(s) Bengeyfield, W. B2 Title 1973-1974 winter benthic and oceanographic surveys, offshore Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T. Affiliations F.F. Slaney & Company, Imperial Oil Limited [Sponsor] Publication (1974) lib. code ASTIS 4385 Libraries ACU Summary Conducted in late winter of 1973 and 1974, this study provides data on winter conditions within the estuarine environment as an aid to identifying environmental concerns and predicting possible impact. Specific objectives of the program were to: 1. Sample the winter benthic faunal communities in various sectors of the estuary. 2. Determine certain physical and chemical parameters of any free water. 3. Collect substrate samples from the uppermost layer. Author(s) Berger, Thomas R. B3 Title Northern frontier, northern homeland : the report of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry Affiliations Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry (Canada) Publication (1977) lib. code ASTIS 6402 Libraries ACU OONE Summary Berger recommends that no pipeline be built or energy corridor established across the Northern Yukon along either of the routes proposed by Arctic Gas. He considers a more favourable option to be the proposed Alaska Highway Route. Berger recommends against the construction of either an oil or gas pipeline across the Mackenzie Delta, which is environmentally sensitive and highly important to native people. Berger