energies Article Which Institutional Conditions Lead to a Successful Local Energy Transition? Applying Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to Solar PV Cases in South Korea Youhyun Lee 1 , Bomi Kim 2 and Heeju Hwang 3,* 1 Department of Public Administration and Police Science, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea;
[email protected] 2 Loan & Deposit Planning Department, Korea Development Bank, Seoul 07242, Korea;
[email protected] 3 Public-Private Infrastructure Investment Management Center, Korea Development Institute, Sejong 30149, Korea * Correspondence:
[email protected] Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 13 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: To explore the most desirable pathway for a successful local energy transition, a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was conducted on 16 regional cases in South Korea. We developed four propositions based on previous studies and theories as a causal set. Based on the South Korean context, we selected the solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and solar PV expansion rate as barometers for measuring the success of a local energy transition. Our analysis highlights the importance of the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) membership (network), local legislation, and the environmental surveillance of locally-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The implications of this study will provide insights for developing or newly industrialized countries where an energy transition is underway. Keywords: local energy transition; fs-QCA; qualitative analysis; South Korean energy policy; solar PV 1. Introduction Can only regions with excellent geographical conditions produce renewable energy? If the answer to this question is “yes,” countries such as South Korea (which has high population density and mountainous topography that occupies 70% of the country) can hardly expect to be capable of utilizing renewable energy.