Knowledge Exchange Sector Guidebook: Urban, Land & Transport
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Knowledge Exchange Sector Guidebook: Urban, Land & Transport WORLD BANK GROUP KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND ABOUT THIS BOOKLET PART 1 This booklet serves as a companion to help you explore green growth in Korea’s urban, land, and 04 What is a Technical Knowledge Exchange transport sectors. It provides relevant information And What You Will Experience? and a directory for reference, guidance and 08 What We Do comprehension. Inside you will find details of past experiences that have shaped the sectors, as well as PART 2 recent green growth practices and the frameworks and government institutions that support Korea’s 12 Why Korea? advanced urban, land, and transport sectors. 16 Green Growth Case Study: Cheonggye-cheon Restoration Project (CRP) All figures are current to the best of our knowledge 18 Overview of Korea’s Green Growth Approach at the time of publication, November 2020 PART 3 26 Organizational Charts for Korea’s Governance Framework 28 Institutional Roles and Functions in Korean Governance PART 4 32 Korea’s Green Growth Approach to Urban, Land, and Transport 44 Foundations for Green Growth 52 Integrated Green Growth is Economical, Environment-Friendly & Sustainable 68 Enabling Environment for Public Good and Innovation 76 Green Growth: Technology and R&D Investments PART 5 90 Key Institutions in Korea’s Urban, Land, and Transport Sector 98 Site Visits and Locations 108 Annex: Sources and Links KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 1 PART 1 2 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 3 PART 1 What is a Technical Knowledge Exchange And What You Will Experience? TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE URBAN The KGGTF Technical Knowledge Exchange is CLIMATE where ideas, strategy and action come together. CHANGE TRANSPORT Facilitating the sharing of green growth best practice and technical expertise through on-site KGGTF learning is part of what makes the Korea Green ENVIRONMENT WATER Growth Trust Fund unique. This week brings together leading experts from AGRICULTURE the fields of: urban, transportation, environment ICT and energy, agriculture, water and air. Their technical expertise includes everything from ENERGY “The exchange itself was very recent technological advances in smart grids, to monitoring and analysis, ICT integration, smart- insightful and carefully planned card deployment to effective policy incentives and directly relevant to our work and governance best practices and to facilitate wide-stakeholder engagement and support green Sector Integration and Multiple Wins program. We learnt a lot from economic growth policy and investment. KGGTF is passionate about tackling infrastructure Korean experience and hope to challenges with integrated Green Growth You will meet with key government ministries, approaches and methodologies. We seek to bring good lessons learned from institutes, multi-lateral organizations and support countries in their sustainable growth there to India.” companies relevant to your field. Site visits will strategies and investments by promoting provide a unique opportunity to see green growth collaboration across multiple sectors, and when SURBHI GOYAL, WORLD BANK in action first-hand, and to ask country specific and appropriate, multiple scales, to create a multiplier technical questions. effect that positively impacts quality of life. 4 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 5 During This Knowledge Exchange You Will Experience: POLICY IDEAS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES • In depth learning with policy makers and • Policy safeguards to ensure project funding industry experts. withstands changes in political party and priority shifts. • Discussion on financial and policy incentives for innovative partnerships. • New frameworks for decision-making and problem solving. • Innovative governance structures that support transparency and • Strategy sessions on financial and interdepartmental collaboration. technical solutions. • Policy development and coordination • Role of technical and policy think-tanks in policy with municipal and central government, setting and technical dissemination. public institutions, private sector and local communities. CAPACITY BUILDING GREEN GROWTH COMMUNITY • Behind-the scenes infrastructure site • Develop a network of key thought leaders tours led by technical specialist. working on innovative projects. • Learn how to avoid common and • A network of key thought leaders working on costly mistakes. innovative green growth projects. • Discover how synergies between the government, business and academia can speed the implementation of large projects. PHOTOS: KGGTF PHOTOS: Be prepared to explore, ask questions and engage with leaders changing the world. 6 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 7 PART 1 What We Do The Korea Green Growth Trust Fund is a partnership between the WATER URBAN World Bank Group and the Republic of Korea, established in 2011 to support client countries as they shift to green development path. Both partners share a common goal to reduce poverty and promote ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT shared economic prosperity in an environmentally responsible and KGGTF socially inclusive way. KGGTF AT A GLANCE ICT AGRICULTURE $138 144 ENERGY MILLION FUND GRANTS TO DATE The trust fund facilitates green growth programs Knowledge sharing and network building are an across the urban, transport, digital development, integral part of green growth implementation. energy, environment, water and agriculture Facilitating the sharing of green growth best THROUGH 2026 sectors. Many of its programs are multi-sector, practice and technical expertise through on-site SECTORS integrating two or more sectors at both the learning, and through the development of practical planning and implementation stages. This provides learning tools is part of what makes the Korea opportunities that allow for cost savings, data Green Growth Trust Fund unique. collection, citizen engagement and new forms of URBAN TRANSPORT ENERGY ICT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER transparency and governance. The Trust Fund finances on-the-ground programs sectors. Based on strong performance, as well as Fund, manage, Institutionalize global as well as knowledge exchange activities, and increasing demand for collaborative development Aggregate, facilitate, and coordinate and monitor knowledge sharing to to date has approved 144 programs in the implementation programs, the fund has grown leverage Green Growth WBG KGGTF funded promote sustainable urban, transport, digital development, energy, from US$40 million to US$138 million WBG knowledge and learning. programs. economic development. environment, water, climate and agriculture programs through 2026. 8 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 9 PART 2 10 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 11 PART 2 South Korea’s remarkable recovery from war and poverty provides Why case studies with specific solutions for economic advancement, creation of employment opportunities, and sustainable infrastructure Korea? development that is highly relevant for any country planning to transform or rebuild its economy. Impact of War 1 Currently CIVILIAN CASUALTIES RANKING 3 Around 1 million people 12th DAMAGED INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS largest economy 44% in the world of the total industrial buildings GROSS NATIONAL INCOME (as of August 1951) PER CAPITA (2018) 2 DAMAGED ELECTRICITY US $33,564 GENERATION CAPACITY GROSS DOMESTIC 80% of the capacity PRODUCT (2018) 2 DEVASTATED SCHOOLS US $1.7 trillion 4,800 schools GROSS NATIONAL INCOME PER CAPITA (1953) 2 US $67 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2 US $1.35 billion Source: Global Knowledge Exchange and Development Center (GKEDC), 2019 1953-1960 1961-1979 1980-1996 1997-PRESENT Post-war Korea faced varieties of hardships The government embarked on an ambitious Inflation and overcapacity created by the An extensive restructuring in the wake of and challenges — a weak industrial base, industrialization program as embodied in a state-led industrialization in the 1970s were the Asian financial crisis enabled Korea to dearth of natural resources, increasing series of Five-Year Economic Development gradually resolved with stabilization policies avoid sovereign default, overhaul institutions population, and political instability. Plans. The program relied on exchange in the early 1980s. The government pursued and practices in its economy, and grow into Foreign aid began to dwindle while rate reform, export subsidies, investment conservative fiscal and monetary policies one of the world’s richest countries. Various poverty remained widespread. in economic infrastructure, expansion of to stabilize prices and rationalize the overly efforts are now being made to meet the new schooling and training, and selective choice of expanded industries. Economic liberalization challenges in the 21st century. strategic industries in later years. gained speed in the 1990s. 12 KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND KOREA GREEN GROWTH TRUST FUND 13 Seoul’s The implementation of extensive development projects spurred demographic change across the city of Transformation Seoul, providing a quality living environment for its nearly 10 million residents. Over The Last 50 Years (1970-2020) 4 Rising through the destruction and turmoil POPULATION LIFE REGISTERED INFANT left by the Korean War, the city of Seoul has EXPECTANCY VEHICLES MORTALITY RATE transformed to a global megalopolis in only 50 years. Seoul underwent several phases 1945 1947 1958 1947 to overcome significant urban challenges 0.9 million 45 years