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9.0 Strictly Protected Areas: Guidelines for Conservation 24 Technical Guidelines for the Establishment and Management of In situ Conservation Stands of Tropical Timber Species 1(. International Tropical Timber Organization Regional Centre for Forest Management Technical Guidelines for the Establishment and Management of In situ Conservation Stands of Tropical Timber Species © 2000 by the International Tropical Timber Organization and the Regional Centre for Forest Management Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia/Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data International Tropical Timber Organization Technical guidelines: establishment and management of in situ conservation stands of tropical timber species / International Tropical Timber Organization (mO), Regional Centre for Forest Management (RCFM). ISBN 983-9518-09-7 1. Forest genetic resources conservation - Tropics. 2. Forest genetics -Tropics. 3. Forest management -Tropics. I. Pusat Serantau Pengurusan Hutan. 634.920913 Copies available from: Executive Director International Tropical Timber Organization International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico - Yokohama, 1-1-1, Minato mirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama, 220 Japan Tel: (81-45)-223-1110 Fax: (81-45)-223-1111 E-mail: [email protected] http: / /www.itto.or.jp/ Director Regional Centre for Forest Management B11-11, 11th Floor Block B, Megan Phileo Avenue No. 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: (6-03)-2166-9929 Fax: (6-03)-2166-9931 E-mail: [email protected] http: / /www.rcfm.com.my CONTENTS Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 The need for in situ conservation stands of selected tropical 3 timber species 3.0 Definition of in situ conservation 5 4.0 Policy and legislation 6 5.0 Present conservation methods - the protected area system 7 5.1 Protected area system in Tropical Asia and the Pacific 8 5.2 Legislation for establishing protected areas 8 5.3 Selection criteria for potential protected areas 9 6.0 Strategy and objectives of in situ conservation 10 6.1 Objectives of genetic conservation 10 7.0 Impelementation at national level 11 7.1 Identification of Target Species 12 7.2 Identification of national-level locations 15 of conservation stands 7.2.1 Location of conservation stands 15 8.0 Managed production forest: 17 guidelines for conservation of Target Species 8.1 Establishment of a network of small conservation 17 areas - conservation stands: implementation at the forest management unit ifmu) level 8.1.1 Establishment of conservation stands 17 8.1.2 Maintenance, monitoring and evaluation 19 8.1.3 Research and development 20 8.1.4 Regional and international collaboration 21 8.2 Retention of good genotypes as mother trees 22 during timber harvesting: implementation at operational level vi 9.0 Strictly protected areas: guidelines for conservation 24 9.1 Conservation stands of Target Species 25 10.0 Education and training 26 11.0 Database management 28 References 29 Appendices Appendix 1 The operational framework of the National Steering 30 Committee Appendix 2 Flow chart for identification of Target Species 31 Appendix 3 List of timber species in the families Dipterocarpaceae 32 and Leguminosae in Peninsular Malaysia (from Kochummen 1999) Appendix4a Distribution of Shorea laevis (Balau kumus) 37 in Peninsular Malaysia based on herbarium data (credit: Saw, L.G.) Appendix4b Distribution of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Chengal) 38 in Peninsular Malaysia based on herbarium data (credit: Saw, L.G.) Appendix 5 Flow chart for establishment of conservation stands 39 Appendix 6 Aerial survey using Global Positioning System (GPS) 40 Survey Points at an fmu in Peninsular Malaysia Appendix 7a Distribution of sampling points in a forest inventory 41 at an fmu in Peninsular Malaysia Appendix 7b Cluster of plots at each sampling point 42 Appendix 7c Design and specifications at each sample plot 43 Appendix 7d Field sheet for inventory at the fmu 44 Appendix 8 Possible locations of conservation stands of Target 45 Species in an fmu in Peninsular Malaysia Appendix 9 Flow chart for maintenance, monitoring 46 and evaluation Appendix 10 Flow chart for retention of good genotypes 47 as mother trees Appendix 11a Layout of sample plots in pre- and post-felling 48 inventories Appendix llb Positioning and dimensions of sampling units 49 within pre- and post-felling inventory plots Appendix 11c Field sheet for pre-felling inventory 50 Appendix 12 List of project members and contributors 51 vii FOREWORD In situ conservation is defined as the on site conservation of target species within the natural or original ecosystem in which they occur. Many such ecosys­ tems exist in tropical Asia and the Pacific region. They exist in various forms as a system of protected areas including protection forest, conservation forest and national park in Brunei Darussalam; national park system in Indonesia; national park, state park, wildlife and bird sanctuaries and virgin jungle reserves in Ma­ laysia; and protection forest and national park in Papua New Guinea. These areas mainly serve the conservation purpose. Now, with the diminishing extent and quality of populations of commercial tree species in the production for­ ests in the region (which now occupy a large part of the remaining tropical rain forest land), the need to address the issue of conservation of the genetic variabil­ ity of remaining populations of timber species has become high priority. Realising this need, a project on planning practical and cost-effective strate­ gies for genetic resource conservation of commercial tree species in Tropical Asia and the Pacific was executed by RCFM, for which funding was provided by the USA and Japanese Governments through the International Tropical Tim­ ber Organization (ITTO). The second of a series of four publications produced from the project is entitled "Technical Guidelines: Establishment and Manage­ ment of In situ Conservation Stands of Tropical Timber Species". This publica­ tion presents guidelines for the in situ conservation of tropical timber trees, covering both managed production forest as well as strictly protected areas. Present conservation methods, strategy and objectives of in situ conservation, as well as identification of target species are outlined, and more importantly, the Guidelines provide step-by-step instructions for the conservation of target species. The Guidelines provide instructions for the accomplishment of particular tasks. The steps required for the establishment and management of in situ con­ servation stands are described in detail. Aspects of research and development, and the importance of regional/international cooperation required for the successful establishment and maintenance of in situ conservation stands are included. I hope the methods reported in this Guidelines will be useful in developing strategies for conservation of tropical timber trees. viii The success of the project and the completion of this Guidelines must be attributed to the excellent contributions and cooperation demonstrated by ITTO Member and Non-member countries, international organisations, donor countries and individuals. DR. ROSLAN B. ISMAIL Director Regional Centre for Forest Management ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The success of the project on Planning Practical and Cost-Effective Strategies for Genetic Resource Conservation of Commercial Tree Species in Tropical Asia and the Pacific owes to the financial support provided by the USA and Japanese Governments through the International Tropical Timber Organization (lTTO). The continuous support and guidance rendered during the project implementa­ tion by the ITTO Secretariat, in particular by Dr. Manoel Sobral Filho (Executive Director) and Dr. Efransjah (Project Manager), and Dato' Dr. B.C.Y. Freezailah (former Executive Director), contributed greatly towards the successful comple­ tion of the project. A number of individuals and organizations have also contributed to this project. I would like to extend my gratitude to colleagues who have specially assisted the Regional Centre for Forest Management (RCFM) in providing technical guid­ ance during the course of the project implementation and the preparation of the Guidelines. This was done through a technical committee set up under the project and comprised of staff members of the executing agency, the Interna­ tional Genetic Resource Expert (lGRE), and the International Technical Expert (ITE) and National Resource Persons (NRPs). Composition of the committee was as follows: Chairperson - Dr. Roslan b. Ismail (RCFM, from January 1998- June 2000), Mr. Haron b. Abu Hassan (AIFM, from February 1996-December 1997), Members - Prof. Dato' Dr. Zakri b. Abd. Hamid (Universiti Kebangsaan Malay­ sia - IGRE); Prof. Dr. Masaki Katsuta (Tokyo University of Agriculture - ITE); Dayang Noralinda bt. Hj. Ibrahim (Forestry Department, Brunei Darussalam - NRP), Mr. Mohd Charomaini (Forest Tree Improvement Research and Develop­ ment Institute, Indonesia - NRP), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noraini bt. Ab. Shukor (Universiti Putra Malaysia - NRP), Prof. Dr. Mercedes Garcia (University Philip­ pines, Los Banos - NRP), Mr. Neville How~roft (Forest Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea - NRP); Mr. Nasaruddin b. Rahman (RCFM) and Hj. Dahlan b Taha (RCFM). Various government agencies, universities, research institutions, and non-gov­ ernmental organizations in the five participating countries as well as other neighboring countries were also consulted during the preparation of the Guide­ lines. These included Brunei Darussalam (Forestry Department); Indonesia (Min­ istry of Forestry); Malaysia (Forest Research Institute,
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