Burmese Border Consortium Refugee Relief Programme

BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM REFUGEE RELIEF PROGRAMME

PROGRAMME REPORT FOR PERIOD JULy TO DECEMBER 1994

REVISED FUl\T])ING APPEAL FOR 1995 BUR"ESE BORDER CDNSDRTIU"

REFUGEE RELIEF PROGRA""E

PROGRA""E REPDRT FOR PERIOD

JULY TO DECE"BER 1994

AND REVISED FUNDING APPEAL FOR 1995

February 1995 THE BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 12/15 Conven~ Road. Si10. Road. BANGKOK 10500 Te1 238 2568. Fax 266 5376

MEMBER AGENCIES AND REPRESENTATIVES

Jack Dunford Church of Christ in Thailand Refugee Relief Coordinator 14 Pramuan Road BANGKOK 10500 Tel 236 0211, Fax 236 7000

Jennie McCann International Rescue Committee Country Director 19 Sukhumvit Soi 3 3 Sukhumvit Road BANGKOK 10110 Tel 260 2870/1 , Fax 258 5 653

Fr Quentin Dignam Jesuit Refugee Serv ice Regional Director 24/1 Soi Aree 4 Phaholyothin Road 7 Phyathai, BANGKOK 10400 Tel 279 1817 , Fax 2 7 1 3 632

Marshall Peters Thailand Baptist Missiona r f Fellows hip Fellowship Secretary PO.Box 29 CHIANG MAI 50000 Tel (053) 247 574, Fax (053 ) 249 261

Dick Schilthuis lOA Refugee Care Netherlands Regional Asia Director 25/2 Soi Phaholyothin Road 9, Samsaennai, BANGKOK 10400 Tel 279 5593 , Fax 271 4 687 · . The Burmese Border Consortium (BBC) is a group of Non-Govern mental Organisations(NGO's) which pools its resources to pro vide basic food and items of necessity to refugees from Burma along the Thai border. The working philosophy of the BBC is :

1) To provide assistance in cooperation with the Royal Thai Government and in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Interior (MOl);

2) To provide basic commodities consistent with MOl regu lations and with living standards in the border areas. The Consortium does not generally provide medical assistance, but coordinates closely with medical agencies through the Coordinating Committee for Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) ;

3) To keep staff presence to a minimum to comply with MOl regulations, to promote self- sufficiency, minimise aid dependency , and to help preserve the cultural identity of the refugee communities

4) To provide assistance through the appointed refugee re lief committees to ensure coordination and to avoid duplication ;

5) By forming a consortium, to avoid competition and dupli cation of assistance between agencies, and to max imise the use of financial r esources

6) To meet monthly in Bangkok to share information on the refugee situation and to determine programme details for implemention by the BBC staff ; and,

7) To respond to emergencies as they occur , extending relief to new refugees in accordance with the above philosophy. ~ 1_ SUMMARY AND APPEAL 1

. . 2_ REFUGEE SITUATION DURING SECOND HALF OF 1994 2

3_ BBC PROGRAMME DURING SECOND HALF OF 1994 4

4_ 1994 EXPENDITURES COMPARED WITH BUDGET 5

5_ REFUGEE PROSPECTS FOR 1995 7

6_ BBC FUNDING NEEDS FOR 1995 8

7_ CURRENT FINANCIAL SITUATION 9

8_ FINAN CIAL REPORTS FOR SECOND HALF OF 1994 10 Table 1 BBC Consolidated . Income/Expenditure A/C 11 Table 2 BBC Income/Expenditure A/C with Donor Allocations 14 Table 3 Church of Christ in Thailand A/C 16 Table 4 Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship A/C 17

APPENDI X A BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 18 a) 1984 Mandate / Organisation 18 b) 1990 Ex tension / 1991 Regulations 18 c) 1994 Regulations 20 d) Memb er Agencies 21 e) Funding Sources 21 f) Programme Philosophy 21 g) BBC Staff and Offices 22 h) Programme Management 22 i) Financial Statements 22 j) Coordination with Refugee Committees 22

APPENDI X B MINISTRY OF INTERIOR REGULATIONS May 1991 23

APPENDI X C THE RELIEF PROGRAMME 25 a) Royal Thai Government Regulations 25 b) Food Rations 25 c) Relief Items 26 d) Educational Supplies 26 e) Refugee Demographics 26 f) Purchasing procedu res 27 g) Transportation 27 h) Delivery 27 i) Distribution 28 j) Quality Control/Returns 28 k) Monitoring 28

APPENDI X D : SUMMARY OF BBC PROGRAMME 1984 TO 31 DEC 1994 29 1

This Report describes the Burmese Border Consortium (BBC) Refugee Relief Programme during the second six months of 1994, • and presents a revised appeal for funds for 1995 . Although refugee numbers remained stable at around 77,000 du ring the six month period, this was a busy time with two emer gencies in July/August and another beginning in December.

SLORC's well publicised attack on Halokanee camp on 21 July resulted in over 4000 refugees being evacuated into Thailand for several weeks in atrocious weather conditions, and record rains in August caused unprecedent flooding and damage along the border, particularly in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces. These emergencies aggravated an already serious cash! flow crisis necessitating an emergency funding appeal for US$ 1 million at the end of July. This was successful, raising an additional US$ 1.4 million.

Although there were hopes of cease-fire negotiations through out 1994 a new emergency began in December when SLORC appeared to break a de facto cease-fire by launching a new offensive against the Karen National Union, exploiting a se rious rebellion which had broken out within the organisation. The situation has deteriorated during the first weeks of 1995 with SLORC taking control of KNU teritory along mu ch of the Salween and Moei Rivers . • Around 10,000 new refugees have probably entered Thailand but the situation is rather confusing because these are mixed with evacuated refugees and villagers from locations near the two rivers. Some refugees have also returned to the Burma side to join the Karen rebels. Potentially many more refugees may arrive before the rainy season in May since SLORC may also be preparing for a major military operation in southern areas op posite Kanchanaburi Province.

For budgeting purposes, a revised 1995 e x penditure projection has been based on a refugee population of 90,000 for 1995. The revised budget i s US$ 5 million which also takes rising rice prices into account.

Thanks to the successful emergency appeal in July, the BB C carried forward a balance of US$ 0.9 million into 1995. Funds received or committed so far, including this balance, total US$ 2.8 million.

Allowing for year end reserves,this Appeal is for the balance of US $ 3 million still required to cover the 1995 budget.

As usual, Donors are requested to send funds as early as pos sible since expenditures are always higher in the first half of the year because of the need to stockpile supplies for the rainy season . The situation is even more accute this year since most of the new refugees have arrived in very remote areas . 2

The refugee population at the end of December 1994 was 77,107. Refugee numbers were stable during the second half of the year but this total represented an increase of 4741 during 1994 as a whole. There were two major emergencies at the beginning of the six , month period when the SLORC 62nd battalion attacked Halokanee Mon refugee camp on 21 July, and heavy rains caused unpresce dented flooding throughout the border area in August. The year ended with another emergency just starting as the result of a rebellion within the KNU, and a renewed SLORC offensive. In the Mon situation, the refugees were evacuated across the border into Thailand after the SLORC attack and for several weeks the NGO's provided relief assistance in appalling wea ther and very makeshift conditions. They were returned to Halokanee by the Thai authorities in September in spite of expressed fears for their safety by the Mon National Relief Committee. Since then however there have been no further security alarms.

Flooding affected most of the border but was particularly se vere in Mae Hong Son and Tak Provinces. Around 400 refugee houses were washed away, five people drowned, rice stores were damaged and personal belongings destroyed. Some camps were cut-off for several weeks but fortunately were sustained by supplies stockpiled for the rainy season. , Speculation concerning cease -fire negotiations continued throughout the period and although the New Mon State Party (NMSP) and the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP) had no further formal talks, the Karen National Union (KNU) ap peared to be mo v ing nearer to talks towards the end of the year. The caus e of ethnic nationalities was supported in the UN General Assembly Resolution on Burma in December which called on SLORC to engage in genuine political dialogue with Aung San Suu Kyi, the political opposition, and the ethnic nationalities.

However, the year ended in confusion. A serious rebellion broke out within the KNU in December and SLORC appeared to simultaneously launch a military offensive, breaking the de facto cease-fire which had held since April 1992. There was much speculation that SLORe had played a role in instigating the rebellion, but r eligious grievances and leadership con flicts within the KNU were e x posed. As the year ended there was no way of predic ting whether SLORC would use this oppor tunity to complete a military victory over the KNU, whether < this would affect the alliances between the KNU and other pro-democracy and ethnic groups, or how this might affect the cease-fire negotiation process. The most likely short-term impact however appeared to be a new refugee influx fleeing SLORC's advances and/ or fighting within the Karen movement. BURt' ESE BORDER CAMP LOCATIONS )IlTH POPULATION FIGURES.

CHINA 3

) KA RE NNI Camp 1 515 UR NA Shan Camp 2 1,595 S~ ate Camp 3 1,359 L.~OS Camp 4 204 Camp 5 1 , 301 Saw Kee 159

5,133 Hon0 Son KAREN ·Chiang t'ai We Gy i 839 Kl Ka Htee Hta 2,899 K2 Mae Paw Moo Hta 2,705 K3 Mae Po Hta 891 K4 Kler Thay Lu 802 K5 Mae Ta Waw 6,429 K6 Mae Salit 3,535 on K7 Shokl o 8,499 THAI LAND K8 Kl ay Mo Hta 3,224 K9 Kl er Kho 3,565 Kl0 Kamaw Lay Kho 3,813 Kll Mae La 6,274 K12 Don Pa Kiang 2,907 K13 Wangka 4,389 K14 Mawker 5,306 K15 Bawnatah 669 K16 Hti Mae Po Hta 1,648 K17 Meteroke 1,128 K18 Hti Hta Baw 1 ,650 K19 Hti Lay Pa 634 K20 Tho Kah 518

\,;.=.:::::::- lU- 62,324 Kancnanaburl BURMESE/TAVOYAN BTl Do n Aw See .. • Bangkok 740 740

Ml Ha l ochanee 4 , 047 M2 Bee Ree 1,416 M3 Pa Yaw 2 , 200 M4 Pra Chuab 1 , 247

8,910

TOTAL 77,107 ======4

Background information on the BBC, including the organisa tional structure,is given in Appendix A. The relief programme is described in Appendix c.

During the second half of 1994 the BBC team was expanded from three to four staff. Sally Thompson, formerly the Sankhlaburi field coordinator, was appointed to the new position of pro- • gramme coordinator, and Adam Caro's position was redefined as programme administrator. This e xpansion was partly in response to the e x ternal evaluation carried out in March by Dutch In terchurch Aid (see the last BBC Six Monthly report for details) which suggested more systematic recording of monitoring acti vities, but more importantly to provide more scope for inter agency coordination and to provide cover for emergency situa tions. Subsequent events have proven this to have been a prudent and timely adjustment as one emergency has followed after another.

During the Haloka nee evacuation BBC staff helped with the pro vision of supplies for the construction of emergency shelters, and delievered supplementary food items , blankets and mosquito nets. Emergency food supplies, roofing materials and other relief items were also delivered to the flood affected camps in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces.

In response to requests from the Thai authorities 300 sacks of rice were provided for Thai flood victims in Sop Moei District of Mae HOng Son Province. 29B sacks of rice were also given to Mon, Karen and Lao people living near the reservoir in Sangkhlaburi who were forced to leave their homes.

These emergencies, plus escaluting rice prices e xacerbated an already difficult ca?hl flow situation and at the end of July it was necessary to launch an emergency funding appeal.

At a meeting on 23 Ma y the Ministry of Interior informed NGO's, International Organizations and Embassies of new poli cies for NGO activities on the Burmese border. The MOl effec tively reconfirmed the operational policy set out in a letter dated 31 May 1991(see Appendix B) but announced new procedures for programme approval, quarterly reporting, and the issue of border passes for NGO staff. The MOl also announced that con sideration would be given to the NGO request to provide essen tial sanitation and educational services. An MOIl NGO Burma Working Group was set up and two meetings were held in July and November to introduce the new regulations. • The BBC submitted a programme proposal in July and received formal MOl approval in September together with staff border passes . The first official quarterly report was submitted via , the Provincial authorities for the period to 30 September. SBC staff were also involved in designing a survey of educational needs fo r consideration by the MOl. It is hoped to undertake the survey in the first quarter of 1995. 5

The 1994 expenditure budget was based on the assumptio n that refugee numbers would increase t o 79,000 durir.d the year. Commodity prices and transport costs assumed were those ap • plying at ~he e nd of 1993. Act~al expenditures compared with b udget were as f o llows :

1994 Expenditures Compared with Budget

1994 1994 Expenditure Actual Budget Expenditures 1- Food (baht) quantity (baht) quantity Rice (sacks) 69,000,000 138,000 68,623,119 132,551 Fish Paste(tins) 5,500,000 37,000 6,229,430 * 41,182 Salt ( kgs) 1,100,000 280,000 1,386,634 310,582 Yellow beans ( kgs) 1,662,640 84,620 Supplementary 1,500,000 2,116,440 Feeding 2 . Relief Items Mosquito Nets 2,400,000 17,000 2,627,044 23,421 Blankets 2,100,000 31,000 3,196,900 48,760 3. Other Medical 1,800,000 1,840,314 Transport of Supplies 4,400,000 4,225,268 ! Miscellaneous Supplies1,600,000 1,949,986 4. Administration Salaries/Office 2,500,000 2,653,302 4 staff • Vehicles 1,000,000 966,754 4 vehicles 5. Evaluation 164,137 92,500,000 97,641,968

* Includes 10,675 sacks of rice ($ 5,000,000) from an anonymous donor.

Although the actual refugee population at the end of 1994 was only 77,000 compared with the original estimate of 79,000, actual expen ditures totalled $ 97,641,968, some five percent higher than the budget of $ 92,500,000. The principle reasons for differences be tween budgeted and actual expenditures were as follows:

1) Food Rice prices were low in the first half of the year but rose sharply during the second half of the year giving an average price of $ 518 per sack compared with the budget of $ 500. Quan tities purchased were close to budget allowing for the lower population figure and a reduction in year-end stock of 2183 sacks compared with 1993 .

As a result of the evaluation carried out by DIA there has been some standardisation of rations which has resulted in an overall increase in the amount of fish paste and salt supplied to the camps . 6

Early in 1994 a decision was made to provide yellow beans in stead of fish paste to the Karenni camps since the paste was unpopular. It was also decided in ~ctober to suppl y yellow beans to the three camps with the highest levels of beri beri cases, Ha lokanee , Paw Yaw and Klay Mo Khlo . Thi s is for a tri al 6 month pe~iod and will be evaluated by MSF to determine whether this is an effective way of addressing this serious " problem.

Supplementary feeding costs were higher than e x pected partly because outs tanding bills of o ver ~ 250,000 f or 1993 were paid early in 1994. and partl y because the feeding caseload was s lightly higher than the projected level of 1800 persons .

2) Reli~.t. ... .!... tell].§. The annual mo squi to net distribution was ma de in April and this year more exhaustive attempts were made to ensure inclusion of all families with old and damaged nets as well as those without them. Extra distributions were also made during the emergencies and overall distribution was higher than budgeted. Blankets were distributed in October and the distribution rate was increased from two per family to one for every two persons. This increased the budge ted amount b y about fifty percent.

3) QJ;,I]gJ::, The main me d i cal expenses covered by BBC a,' e bil l s fo r patients transferred to the Kwai River Christian Hospital. These were in line with the budget . • Food transport costs were also c lose to expec t a t ions.

Miscellaneous items have included heavy expenses re l ated to the relocation of Loh Loe camp to Pa Yaw and Halokanee in January, a nd then the Halokanee evacuation and flood relief in July/ August. Miscellaneous items also include regu l ar ra tions given to illegal immigrants deported by the Thai autho rities to Sangklaburi ,and operational costs for the Safe House which looks a fte r those who are sick on arrival.

4 ) Adminj,_§.tLgtion . Administration costs we re about as e xpec ted . The staff team wa s increased to four persons in July and a new vehicle was purchas ed as budgeted.

5) Eva Ll!.9.!; .;i,.QD. Dutcll Interchu rch Aid provided funds for the u n budgeted BBC evaluation costs .

• 7

It has always been difficult to predict what might happen next on the Burmese border and never more so than now. At the time of writing (mid February) the situation described in Section 2 has already deteriorated considerably. The KNU was forced to abandon their headquarters at Manerplaw (near K3 on the map)on 27th January and since then SLORC has effectively taken control • of the Salween River northwards to the We Gyi area. Heavy fighting is still taking place at Kawmoora (opposite K13) and the prospect is in sight of SLORC taking control of the Moei River all the way from Manerplaw to Mae Sot.

Much of this area is very remote and there is a great deal of confusion as new refugees mingle with those evacuated from existing refugee camps along the river banks, and with Karen villagers from the same area. NGO's currently estimate the new influx at around 10,000 people, although there are also reports of some refugees returning to Burma to join the Karen rebels.

The current security situation is dangerous. SLORC troops and KNU rebels have repeatedly crossed the rivers, raided refugee camps, stolen rice and abducted refugees.

The situation is also unstable further south. There are per ! sistent reports of porter conscription and troop build-ups in the Ye, Tavoy, Mergui areas, and since January SLORC troops have penetrated the Tanasserim River valley opposite Kanchana • buri. Some 1200 refugees briefly entered Thailand north of Kanchanaburi in January and the situation remains precarious.

Refugee prospects for 1995 therefore look rather grim. When the original projections for 1995 were made in the last BBC Six Month Report refugee numbers were projected to rise by 6000 to 85,000 although optimism was expressed about peace negotiations and even the possibility of repatriation. The si tuation now is that the total of 85,000 has probably already been reached, hopes of repatriation have receded for the time being, and further refugee arrivals appear inevitable. The ul timate number will depend on whether SLORC takes full advan tage of its military superiority and makes further advances along the border,or whether political considerations constrain them.

The issue of a possible SLORC assault on Khun Sa's army in the Shan States also remains pending. If a full-blown offensive was to be launched a further influx of refugees into Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces would also seem inevitable. The BBC refugee projections do not include this caseload. B

The preliminary budget of $ 96 , 000,000 presented in the last BBC six month Report assumed a refugee population of 85,000 in 1995 and used mid-1994 commodity prices. As described in Section 5 , the refugee population is probably already close to 85,000 and so a revised fi gure of 90,000 is now presented for budgeting purposes. Unfortunate ly rice prices have continued to increase and the following budget is based on a rice price of $ 580 per sack.

Actual Revised 1994 1995 Expenditures Budget L Food (baht) quantities ._- ( baht) quantities Rice (sacks) 68 , 600,000 132,500 88,750,000 153 , 000 Fish Paste (tins) 6,250, 000 41,200 7,050 , 000 47 , 000 Salt (kgs) 1,400,000 310,600 1,600,000 357,000 Yellow beans ( kgs) 1,650,000 84,600 5,000,000 250 ,000 Supp.Feeding 2,100,000 2,200,000 2. Relief Items Mosquito Nets 2,650,000 23,400 3,000,000 26,900 Blankets 3,200,000 48,700 3,500,000 54 , 100 3. other Medical 1,850, 000 2,000,000 Transport of Supplies 4,250,000 4,900 , 000 Misc. Supplies 1,950,000 2,250 , 000 4. Administration Salaries/Office 2,650,000 4 staff 3,000,000 4 staff ~ Vehicles 1 , 000,000 4 vehicles 1,000, 000 4 vehicles 5. Evaluation 150,000

97,700,000 124,250,000

The revised budget is $ 124 , 250,000 or, US $ 5,000,000. This budget is clearly very sensitive to actual refugee numbers and to prevailing rice prices.

< 9

Fortunately the emergency appeal for US$ 1 million launched at the end of July 1994 was very successful and the following amounts were • received in addition to normal contributions ( total receipts are gi ven in Section 8) :

International Rescue Committee ( USG) 500 ,000 lOA Refugee Care (Du tch Gov) 284,000 Christian Aid (ODA) 100 , 000 Dutch Interchurch Aid (EU) 195,000 Dutch Interchurch Aid 80 ,000 Swiss Aid (received 1995 ) 211,000 Norwegian Church Aid 12 , 000 Di akonishes Werk 20,000 Marist Mission Centre 3,000

Total US$ 1,405,000

As a result of t his, balances carri ed forward into 1995 totalled m 22,820 ,734 (about US$ 913,000). This , and funds already received in 1995, has enabled the BBC to deal with the current emergency so far without appealing for additional funds .

! Funds a lready received or committed for 1995 are as follows:

Balance clf from 1994 913 , 000 Received Sw i ssaid 211 ,000 Christian Ai d 80 , 000 Dutch Interchurch Aid 76.000 DIAKONIA 373,000 International Rescue Committee 125,000 Committed National Council Churches Australia (AIDAB)255,000 Dutch Interchurch Aid ( EU balances) 45,000 International Rescue Committee (USG) 500 ,000 CARI TAS Switzerl and 234,000

$2,812,000

Allowing for a working balance of US$ 850,000 at t he end of 1995 (two months ope rations), and assuming the 1995 budget of US$ 5 , 000,000, additional funds of approx imately US$ ~_QOO,OO O are required for 1995.

Given the unstable situation the border, and the fact that first half year expenditures are always higher than those in the second half be cause of the need to stockpile supplies in the mo r e remote camps, a ll Dono r s are urged to consider their committments for 1995 as early as possible, and to transfer funds at their earliest convenience. 10

The following Tables summarise the BBC Programme financial accounts for the period 1 July to 31 December 1994_

Jable 1 presents a consolidated account for the entire BBC programme including all income received via The Church of Christ in Thailand (CCT) and The Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship CTBMF ), contributions made direct to the project office accounts, and interest accrued on these accounts _ Expenditures listed include all project office expenses as well as the expenses incurred by CCT and TBMF before trans fer to the programme_

The notes to Table 1 show the breakdown of MSF's e x pendi tu r es of BBC grants for supplementary feeding, a stateme n t of stock held a t the begi nning and end of the period, and distribution of supplies to the different ethnic groups _

Tab 1 e._6. presents the information in Ta b le 1 in a different format, a llocating individual donor contributions to t he main e x penditure categories_ Table 2a covers the previous reporting period 1st January to 30th J une 1994 as given in the last BBC Repo rt_ Table 2b covers the c urrent reporting period 1 July to 31 December 1994_ Funds accepted for spe cific purposes are listed separately as designated donations in Table 2 , with expenditures allocated appropriately. All undesignated dona tions are assumed to car ry a proportionate share of each of the expenditu re categories, inc luding ba l a nces ca rried forward _ S hould any donor require further breakdown beyond the expenditure categories given, this can be extrac t ed by usi ng t he details given in I,ieP_le. .. J. -

Because exceptionally hi gh emergency funds were recei ved as a result of the July Appeal , there was an unusually h igh le vel of designated donations d uring this period_ Balances clf of undesignated donations are correspondingly h i gh, but as usual t hese will a ll be allocated du ri ng the next s i x nlonth accounting period_

T _ab l e..... _~ . a nd Table_._4. record the income, expenditure and ba lances held in the CC T and TBMF programme accounts _ These include tra nsfers from CC T to TBMF and programme e x pendi tures incurred direct l y by CCT and TBMF_

A4.d i _tc The BBC financial year is 1 J ul y to 30 Ju ne_ Audited accounts for the period 1 July 1994 to 30 J une 1995 will ap pear in the nex t BBC Six Month report .

, 11 Table 1 BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM REFUGEE REUEF PROGRAMME StAtement of income received, expenses disbursed and balances held for the period 1st July to 31st December 1994. , Beginning credit balance ht July 1994 &hi TBMP AIC 122,890.77 ccr AIC 1,343,021.81 BANGKOK AIC 70,565.14 MAE SOT Ate 444,744.03 SANGKLABURI AIC 203,652.90 2,184,874.65 INCOME Through CCT : DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID 158,732.28 DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU 94) 8,620,957.50 DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU supplomonlary rice 94) 4,872,703.68 DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (DIA supplomonlary rice 94) 2,023,774.64 SWISSAID 1,874,450.00 CHURCH WORLD SERVICE 3,026,210.00 OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE 249,300.00 DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (EU supplementary fcoding) 1,108,383.72 BREAD FOR THE WORLD 497,700.00 ! CHRISTIAN AID (O.D.A.) 3,985,250.00 MARIST MISSION CENTRE 124,700.00 ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA 90,365.02 IbrQugb_:rnME_. DIAKONIA 9,205,741.61 ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS (DUTCH GOV'1) 14,289,750.00 ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERlANDS (HGJB) 96,750.00 JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE 520,000.00 COMPASSION INTERNATIONAL 239,690.00 NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID 2,550,000.00 INWREST 58 ,72 J.l 6 B_,8_C direct: INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE 12,439,800.00 JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE 24,120.00 ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS 81,925.50 AMERICAN KAREN AGENCY 18,125.00 IN1EREST ON MAE SOT AlC 43,001.50 INTEREST ON SANGKLABURI AIC 5,846.00 INTEREST ON BANGKOK AIC 3,982.61 RETURNS INCLUDING RICE SACKS 348,707.00

68,743,561.87 12 EXPENDmJRES RICE : Karen North 47,343 sacks ( @ 100 kg ) 26,639,155.00 : Karen South 465 270,950.00 : Karenni 2,286 1,408,350.00 : Man 2,105 1,199,665.00 : Other 489 575,445.00 : Emergency 900 699,130.00 FISH PASTE : Karen North 17,464 tins (@ 16 kg) 2,620,920.00 : Karen South 25 2,240.00 : Karenni 53 7,560.00 : Man 452 106,930.00 : Other 51 4,980.00 SALT : Karen North 111,170 bags (@ 1 kg) 531,690.00 : Karen South 210 1,203.00 : Karenni 5,850 50,735.00 : Mon 5,153 30,918.00 : Other 670 3,256.00 YELLOW BEANS : Karen 29,900 sacks ( @ 1 kg ) 568,100.00 : Karenni 5,700 118,000.00 : Man 31,860 633,340.00 Rice Paddy : Karen south 585,135.00 Clothing : Transport of L.W.R. sweaters and layettes 96,119.54 Supplementary feeding ( MSF ) 1,007.020.00 Mosquito nets 40 4,200.00 Blankets 48,540 3,181,600.00 MEDICAL : Bills . Mainly K.R.C.H. 846,104.00 : Clinic Medical Programme 253,916.01 NUSCELLANEOUS: Chlllis 47 kg 1,925.00 : Cooking Oil K.R.C.H. 15,680.00 : Tools Road repairs 67,500.00 : Mats 200 19,950.00 : Relocation Shoklo 10,000.00 : Cooking Utensils Karen, Mon 35,530.00 : Seeds All groups 27,760.00 : School supplies Sports equipment 140,515.10 : Roof'mg Halochanee, flood relief 190,950.00 : Support Miscellaneous 92,070.00 : Water supplies 2,595.00 : Supplies K.R.C.H. feeding 140,827.00 : Other Mon, Halochanee 54,916.00 : Deportees Inc. safe house 125,815.00 FOOD TRANSPORT : Karen north 193,877.00 : Karen south 349,500.00 : Karenni 192,910.00 :·Mon 354,310.00 : Other 68,914.00 VEHICLE : Includes purchase of new vehicle 796,352.73 HOUSING : 4 staff 157,623.52 ADMINISTRAnON : Salaries, office, travel 1,436,645.19

45,922,827.09 Ending credit balance at 31st December 1994 13 TBMF AiC 15. 139.909.54 ccr AiC 3.508.191.93 BANGKOK AiC 271.225.81 MAE SOT AiC 2.637,410.60 SANOKLABURl AiC 1.263.996.90 • 22.820.734.78

NOTES 1. M.S.F. suppiementary feeding expenditures July to December 1994. Eggs 214.696oggs 343.514 Vegetable oil 79 tins 26.860 Beans 26.254 kg 498.809 Dried Fish 1.165 kg 50.095 Sugar 1.070 kg 12.840 Rice 61 kg 310 Sardines 384 tins 2.688 Milk Powder 71 .904 1.007.020

2. B.B.C. opening and closing stock balances. 1ST JULY 31ST DECEMBER RICE 6.515 7,420 ! FISH PASTE 2.667 2.595 SALT 17.290 16.390 • YELLOW BEANS 0 7.600 MOSQUITO NETS 1.199 287 BLANKETS 850 120

3. B.B.C. supplies and distribution for the period July to December 1994.

KAREN MON KARENNI EMERGENCY TOTAL & OTHER RICE ( sacks ) 46.895 2.105 2.286 1.397 52.683 FISH PASTE ( 16kg tins ) 17.561 452 53 51 18.1 17 SALT ( I kg bags ) 112.280 5.153 5.850 670 123.953 CHILLI ( kg ) 0 0 0 47 47 BLANKETS • 39.360 3.920 3.200 2.790 49.270 MOSQUITO NETS 601 200 0 151 952 TRANSPORT ( baht ) 543.377 354.310 192.910 68.914 1.1 59.5 11 J

• Includes the donation of 42.060 blankets from C.W.S. Uns pent DonatJons FUN DS ".,,' Relief Admin SPENT & Balance AVAILABLE R<. F_h MedIcal Re~ef Transport Com Period 30 """"' UNSPENT

S.'" S"" Baht Baht S,hI Ei ah: Bahl Bah: S.hI Baht S .., 8 .... s.h! Sft

CCT 0 185,446 185.446 185,448 185,448 0 CCT 0 2,09<1,512 2,O!W,512 2.()I}iI ,511 2,os.;,5 12 0 CCT 1.465,964 0 1,465.864 1.465,864 1,465,864 0 CCT 0 9.000 9,000 9,000 0 CCT 0 5,000,000 5,uoo,uOO 5,000,000 5,000,000 0 ConY'l'IltIee IRe 0 3,573,784 3,573,794 3.204,335 369,449 3,573 ,7 84 0 Netherlands ZOA 0 876,863 876,863 976,863 976,863 0

r-lCOME

CCT 0 2.419,055 2,419,055 1,551.1 8~ HiD,6S5 140,293 42,911 78,579 15,822 193,507 2.293,243 135,812 2,419,055 CCT 32,543 182,050 214,583 139,845 16,174 12,558 3,841 7,034 1,416 17,321 204,372 10,121 214,593 CCT 929,000 0 929,iJDO 631.141 73,521 57.092 17,459 31 ,972 6,438 78,734 929.000 0 929,000 CCT 0 252 ,247 252,247 161,749 18,642 i4,619 4.474 8,194 1,650 20,178 238,085 14,162 252.247 CCT 0 2,052.540 2,052 ,540 1,316.159 153,318 119,037 36,409 sa,673 13,425 164.189 1.937.305 115,235 2,052,540 CCT 363, 159 1,878.427 1.241.596 1,451 ,233 166 ,052 131,253 40,146 73,516 14 ,903 181 .039 2.136.128 105,460 2141,596 ccr 0 543.933 543.933 348,768 41i.633 31,545 9,649 17.6B9 3.558 43.511 513.395 ll,538 543,933 CCT 0 2,OJll .900 2,034.900 1,3G4,549 152,000 119.014 35,OG6 sa,100 13,3 10 162,778 1,920,656 114 ,244 2,034,900 CCT 0 2,607.250 2.607.250 1,671 ,959 1\14,751 151,207 "6,249 54 .692 17.053 208,581 2.460,B73 146,377 2,607,250 CCT 0 1,329.639 1.329.638 852 ,B 10 99.319 77,112 23,586 43 .1 91 9.B97 10B.362 1,254.989 74,649 1.329,638 CCT 0 379.850 379.650 243 ,445 26.359 22,019 6,734 12 .332 2,483 30,389 358.336 21,3 14 379,650 TBMF 0 830,487 4()4,2S5 47.096 36,566 II 164 2OA81 4.124 50,435 595,099 35.398 630,497 TB!.!F 0 252.700 162,1)4u 16.676 14.655 4.483 8.209 I.B53 10.214 238.513 14, 187 252,700 CCT 0 74,500 47,771 5.565 4,321 1,322 2,410 <8, 5,959 70.317 4,183 74,500 CCT 319,712 318.712 217 ,212 25.303 19,645 6,009 11,003 1.216 17 ,097 319,722 0 319,722 JRS 66.436 1,116,436 718.431 83.699 64 ,077 19974 36 .394 7.329 89,B23 1,057,-4116 SO.050 1.118,436 CI 40,236 283,080 163.082 11.325 16,557 5,064 9,1 73 1.867 11.837 269,456 13.634 283,090 ~CT 0 1,687 .256 196,546 152,600 46,675 85.472 17.2 10 2,463,536 147.726 2,631,262 T8MF 0 11 ,200.093 I,JOQ ,663 1,012,964 J09,630 587 .357 114 ,242 16,485,846 9110 .610 17.466,456 CCT S!l,245 254,860 29,691 23.052 7,051 12.912 2.600 375,16B 19.317 394,495 CCT 0 255.136 29,720 23.075 7,05B 12 il2S 2.602 375,545 22,338 397,B83 ZOA 731.707 1,362.771 158,747 123,252 37,699 69 .034 13,900 2.005,9 15 75.182 2,091,707 TBMF 50,305 9<5 '43 50,305 0 50,305 CCT 0 '54 9

TABLE 23 BBC INCOME. EXPENDffiJREANO BALANCES FOR THE PERIOD 1st ,JAN,JARYTO 30th JUNE 1e94

NO Al0A8 FUNDS """!ERE USED FOR THE B. 3,839.50B WORTH OF SUPPl!ES IJIJHICH 'A'ERE DISTRII3lITEO IN HALOCHANEE CAMP

" • "

Unspent OIl", Reljef Admin SPENT & Balance Riel!: Fish """, Medical Rel:ef Transport Co,", UNSPENT

e.~ e,hI Baht e.hI Baht e.~ e.h< e.hI e.~ e.hI e.hI e.~ e.hI e.hl OONAOONS : Aid(E.U. I '94) CCT 0 8,620,958 8,620,958 8,620,958 B.620,958 0 8,620,9S8 Aid(E.U . 2 'S4) CCT 0 4,972,704 4,872,704 l .i1B,H6 1,218 ,176 3,6501 ,528 4.812.704 Aid(E.U . 2 '94 ) CCT 0 2,023,774 2.023.774 505,B44 505,944 1,511,B30 2,023,774 Aid(Evaluauor:) CCT 0 158,732 158.732 159}32 158,732 0 158,732 CCT 0 3,026,2 10 3.026,210 3,026 ,210 0 3,026,210 CCT 0 1,108,384 1,108,384 1,108,384 1,109,384 1, 108,394 CCT a 249,300 249,300 249,300 249,300 2oi9,300 IRC 0 12,439,800 12 ,439,800 10.27?275 920,545 1,243,980 12.439,800 12.439,800 CCT 0 300,000 300,000 80,000 220,000 300,000 300,000 CCT 0 497, 700 497,700 497,7 00 497,7 00 491,700 lOA 0 14,289,750 1089.150 B.B23,150 • , ,267,789 1,040,437 30B,659 199,342 554.957 866,442 12,8BO.775 14 ,289.750 CCT 0 2.750,000 2.250.000 0 2,250,000 lOA 0 81.925 81.925 91 ,925 91,925 91,925

CCT 135,812 0 135,912 22 .441 15,506 9.030 22.138 2,785 5,836 19,880 38.i97 135.812 0 135 ,812 CCT 10.22 1 90.365 100.586 4.085 2.822 1.6<4 4,020 501 1,062 3.619 8.953 24.721 75,865 100.566 CCT 0 1.674.450 1.9 74 .450 49.899 34 ,341 19,998 49.026 6,167 12.925 44.029 81\.595 300.783 1,573,667 CCT 14.162 0 14,162 2.340 1,617 9<12 2.308 290 B09 2.073 3.993 14.162 0 CCT 115,235 0 115.235 19.1l41 13,157 7,862 18.784 2,363 4.952 18.B68 32.410 11 5.235 0 I CCT 105.46G 0 105,460 17.425 12 ,0<11 7.012 17.190 2,162 4.532 15.437 29.661 105,460 0 105 ,460 CCT 30.538 0 30,539 S,M6 3,487 2,030 4,978 626 1.312 4,470 9.599 30.539 0 30.539 CCT 114.244 0 114 ,244 18.877 13,043 7,598 18,622 2,342 4.909 18,123 32, 131 114.244 0 114.244 CCT 14 6.377 0 146.377 24.186 16.712 9.732 23.860 3.001 6.290 21,427 41.169 146,377 0 146,377 CCT 74.649 3,885,250 4.059.999 11 8.000 91,535 47.491 118.4116 14.642 30,688 104,538 200.952 714 ,142 3,345,757 4,059,899 CCT 21.314 0 21,314 3.522 2,433 1,417 3.474 916 3.120 5,905 21,314 a 21,3 14 TBMF 35 .39a 0 35,388 5,81\9 4,041 2,353 5,770 '"126 1.521 5,182 9.956 35.398 0 35,398 TBMF 14 .197 0 14.187 2.344 1.620 9<1, 2,313 291 610 2,077 3.990 14,187 0 14 ,187 CCT 4,183 0 4.183 691 416 216 662 66 160 612 1.178 4.183 0 4,183 JRS 58.950 544.120 603.070 24.167 18.699 9.724 23.841 2,999 6,285 21,410 41 ,136 148,282 456,808 603,070 CI 13 .634 239,690 253.324 8.609 5.949 3.464 8,492 1,088 2.239 7,B28 14 ,652 52 ,0ge 201,228 253,324 CCT 147,726 0 147.726 24,409 16,866 . 9.822 24,080 3,029 6.348 21.624 41 ,5<18 147,726 0 147,728 TBMF sao.B10 9.205,742 10.186.352 406.110 280,613 163.412 400,627 50,392 105.616 359.779 691,259 2,457,809 7,728.543 10,186,352 CCT 19 ,327 0 19.327 3,193 2.2m 1.295 3.150 '66 631 2.829 19,327 19,327 CCT 22.336 0 22,339 3.691 2.55{] 1.485 3,641 456 960 3,270 22,3 38 22,338 (HGJB) lOA 75.792 96.750 172,542 15,089 10,426 B,071 14,B85 1,872 3.924 13.367 1 172,542 CCT 5.6 14 0 5.814 641 31' 91' 241 5,814 ARC 7.0 19 0 7,018 1.180'" 801 467 1.144 "'144 302 1 ,027 CCT 7.074 124.700 131.774 4,475 3.092 ',90 1 4,415 55' 1,164 3.9'"65

FUNDS AVAll.A8LE 68.743.562

TABLE 2b ' BBC ~COME, EXPENDITURE AND BALANCES FOR THE PERIOD 1st JULY TO 31st DECEMBER 1994 .

• NO /IJOAB F U.~DS IAlERE USED FOR THE B. 1.046.605 WORll-I OF SUPPUES WHICH V\£RE DISTRIBUTED IN HALOCHMIEE CANP 16 Table 8

CHURCH OF CHRIST IN THAILAND

BURMESE BORDER AIC Statement of income received, expenses disbursed and cash balances resulting from transactions for the period 1st July to 31st December 1994.

B.lIIll

Beginning credit balance 1st July 1994 1,343,021.81

INCOME RECEIVBD

DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($6,305.80) 158,732.28

DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($344,562.65) 8,620,957 .50

DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID (Dfl .342,610.33) 4,872,703.68

DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($80,744.90) 2,023,774.64

SWISSAID (Sfr.100,OOO) 1,874,450.00

CHURCH WORLD SERVICE ($121,000) 3,026,210.00

OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE ($ 10,000) 249,300.00

DUTCH INTERCHURCH AID ($44,633) 1,108,383.72

BREAD FOR THE WORLD ($20,000) 497,700.00

CHRISTIAN AID (100,000 Sterling) 3,985 ,250.00

MARIST MISSION CENfRE ($5,000) 124,700.00

ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA (C.$5,OOO) 90 ,3 65.02 26,632,526.84

27,975,548.65

EXPBNS.E.SJ2I.SlillRSEI2

Transfer to Burmese Border Consortiwn 21,300,000.00

Fax!MailjOffice 45,902.65

Travel 23,124.07

Rice 375,000.00

School books 6,600.00

Blankets and transportation 2,713,760.00 • BBe vehicle registration/insurance 2,970.00 24,467,356.72

Ending credit balance 31st December 1994. 3,508,191.93 17 Table 4

THAILAND BAPTIST MISSIONARY FELLOWSHIP

KAREN DISPLACED PERSONS SUB COMMITTEE : BANGKOK, THAILAND. > Statement of income received, expenses disbursed and cash balances resulting from

transactions for the period lst July to 31st December 1994.

Haht

Beginning credit balance lst July 1994 122,890.77

INCOME RECEIVBD

CHURCH OF CHRIST IN THAILAND 21,300,000.00

DIAKONIA ($369,426.71) 9,205,741.61

ZOA REFUGEE CARE NETHERLANDS 14,386,500.00

JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE 520,000.00

COMPASSION INTERNATIONAL 239,690.00

NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID 2,550,000.00

INTEREST 58,721.16 48,260,652.77

48,383,543.54

! EXPENSES DISBURSED

SUPPORT 33,240,430.00

ADMINISTRATION 3,204.00 33,243,634.00

Ending credit balance 31st December 1994 15,139,909.54

! • 18

APPENDIX A

a) 1984 Mandate / OLgi'! .n~sation.

In February 1984 the Ministry of Interior invited groups of Non Governmental Organisations already working with Indochinese re fugees in Thailand to provide emergency assistance to around 9000 Karen refugees who sought refuge in Tak Province. The situation was expected to be temporary and MOl stressed the need to restrict aid to essential levels only. MOl emphasised that nothing should be done which might encourage more refugees to come into Thailand , or those who had already come to stay any longer than necessary . Thailand was prepared to accept these people temporarily on humanitarian grounds.

Several NGO's agreed to provide assistance through the Karen Refugee Committee which the Karen authorities had established to oversee the refugee population. To avoid duplication and competition, the agencies involved established a sub-committee under the Coordinating Committee for Services to Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) to coordinate the relief programme. The ~. CSDPT KaJ:.§D. .J?ub ComJILiSJ;.ee met for the first time in Apl' il 1984 and has met monthly ever since . All agencies providing assistance or interested in the situation are invited. The MOl has attended on an occasional basis to share information and policy issues.

Du ring 1989 the NGO' s we re approached by the !S.i'!Lenn.i,__ .8J:l_Lld.9S!e Comm~ttee to assist Karenni Refugees who had fled fighting in Kayah State to Mae Hong Son Prov ince . Early in 1990 Mon and Karen refugees also began to arrive ill Kanchanaburi Prov ince from Mon State. Another relief programme was set up at the r eques t of the I'1Q.lL t!. i!U9. D .". L . KEl.Li.§f . j::: Qm.r!'-~ . t.t.e § .

Assistance to each of the new groups was provi d ed on the same basis as that already given to the Karens, through the respec tive refugee committees. In August 1990 , the Agenc ies informed t he Ministry of Inte r ior of these extended programmes and in November the name of the CCSDPT Karen Sub Committee wa s cha nged to the 9..CSDPT BU_!Jlla Sub._9..QJ]1lll:U;.tee to reflect the ne w situation . 19

STRUCTURE OF RELIEF ASSISTANCE

Ministry of I nterior

CCSDPT Burma Sub Committee

I I I MSF,IRC,MHD,ARC , HI,ADRA BBC (95%) , COERR, INTERAID

Primary Health & Food and Re l ief Su pplies Sanitation

I I Karen Karenni Mon National Province/ Refugee Refugee Relief District Committee Committee Committee Authorities

RELIEF PROGRAMMES

ADRA Advent ist Development and Relief Agency ARC America n Refugee Committee BBC Burmese Border Consortium COERR Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees HI Handicap International INTERAID I n teraid International Thai l and IRC International Rescue Committee MHD Malteser-Hilfsdienst Auslandsdienst E. V. MS F Medecins Sans Frontieres - F rance 20 Although the Agencies informed MOl of these new programmes in 1990, no formal approval was given. In 1991 it was necessary to formally request permission from the Thai Authorities to provide assistance throughout the four border provinces. On 31 May 1991 the Agencies were given written approval to provide assistance under the authority of the Ministry of Interior and in accordance with their guidelines ( see Appendix B). The guidelines confirmed earlier informal understandings, limiting assistance to food, clothing and medicine, restricting agency staff to the minimum necessary, and requiring monthly requests to be submitted through the CCSDPT.

The three NGO's which provided assistance under this agreement could be divided into two categories, those providing food and relief items such as mo squito nets and blankets, and those providing medical serv ices.

The Burmese Border Consortium (formerl y the Consortium of Christian Agencies) was established in 1984. Several NGO's decided to pool their resources in a joint programme and to fo cus on food and relief item supplies. The BBC now provides around 95% of all food and relief items supplied to the border and the Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees (CO ERR) provides most of the balance.

Medecines Sans Frontieres ( MSF ) was the main medical agency working under agreement with the MOl. c) ~99 4 Regulations

For some time a number of other CCSDPT Member agencies had been providing services on the border in coordination with approved programmes and with the tacit approval of the MOl, but not with a formal mandate. During 1992 and 1993 the CCSDP T Burma Sub Committee requested forma l recognition of these programmes and for official approval for a n extension of services to include sanitation and education. At a meeting with NGOs, inte rnationa l organisations and embassies, on 18 Ma y 1994, MOl confirmed that sanitation and education services would be permitted and also announced that all agencies should re-submit their programmes for approval via ·CCSDP T . A new NGD/MOI Burma Working Group was set up and meetings were held on 15 July and 1st November to establish new operational procedures. NGO's were required to submit formal programme approval requests,apply for border pas ses for authorized personnel , a nd to s ubmit quarterly repo rts via the Provincial Authorities. The BBC received formal appro val for the programme together with staff border passes for 1994 on 28 September. All of the other eight CCSD PT memb er agencies with border activities were given similar approval. 21 d) BBC Member Agencies

Various agencies have joi ned and left the Burmese Border Consortium over the y ears, but contributing Members in 1995 are : , CCT The Church of Christ in Thailand (1984) TBMF Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship (1984) lOA Refugee Care Netherlands (1984) IRC International Rescue Committee (1990) JRS Jesuit Refugee Service (1990)

The date in parentheses is the year each agency joined the programme.

e) Funding Sources

Each of the BBC Member s raises funds and in 1994 there were over 30 different Donors and individuals as follows

American Baptists DIAKONIA, Sweden American Karen Agency DOEN, Netherlands American Refugee Committee Dutch Interchurch Aid Anglican Church of Canada Dutch Government A~t~l~n Council of Churches Glazo Thailand Australian Churches of Christ International Rescue Committee Archbishop of Sydney Fund Jesuit Refugee Service Bread for the World , Ge r many Marist Mission Centre CAFOD, UK Norwegian Church Aid CARITAS, Switzer land Open Society Institute Catholic Relief Services Refugees International Christian Ai d UK Swiss Aid Church World Service, USA United Society Prop.of Gospel Compassion International lOA Refugee Care Netherlands

Funds from the Governments of Australia, European Union, Great Britain, Holland , Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and USA are channelled through these Donors.

f) Programme Philosphy

The MOI/NGO regulations require NGO staff to be kept to a minimum and they are not allowed to live in the refugee camps (special agreements a p ply to MSF's medical staff). The BBC concurs with this policy because the refugee communities are capable of running their own affairs. Minimising e x patriate presence also reduces the aid-dependency observed in other refugee si t u a tions and helps to preserve the refugees ' own culture and l i fe-styles , making eventual r~turn to their homes less problemat ical . 22 g) BBC Staff and Offi ce~ The BBC has had four fu1l-time staff s.ince July 1994. Current ly Victor Neumann continues as Field Coordinator in Mae Sot responsible for Karen and Kare~ni refugees in Tak and Mae Hong Son Provinces . Ashley South is the Coordinator in Sangkhlaburi responsible for Mon, Karen and Tavoyan refugees in Kanchanabu ri Province. Adam Caro is Programme Administrator a nd Sally Thompson is the Programme Coordinator , both working from Bang kok. The BBC was scheduled to move its office to 12/15 Convent ! Road together with CCSDPT on 1st February 1995. BBC will share an Administrative Assistant with CCSDP T and Church World Ser vice .

Victor Neumann and Ashley South have offices in Mae Sot and Sangkhlaburi with some storage space for emergency relief items. The Consortium member agencies transfer funds to a programme account held by TBMF. TBMF transfers funds to Mae Sot, Kan chanaburi or Bangkok, where the Co ordinators purchase sup plies and arrange any necessary permits with the Thai autho rities. They also monitor deliveries and assess needs in cooperation with the refugee committees. h) Programme Management

The Consortium member agencies meet each month in Bangkok. Policy issues are discussed, assistance requests considered, and the ongoing programme agreed by consensus. i) Financial Statements

The BBC produces monthly income and expenditure statements and, since 1992, a summary report every six months. The BBC financial year is 1 July to 30 June and accounts are audited annually. j) Coordination wi th Refugee Committees

The BBC provides all assistance in coordina tion with the refugee commi ttees of each of the three main ethnic groups, the Karen Refugee Committee based in Ma e Sot, the Karenni Re fugee Committee based in Mae Hong Son, and the Mon National Relief Committee based in Sangkhlaburi. Each of these three Committees reports to BBC each month recording assistance re ceived from BBC and all other sources , refugee population statistics, and issues of concern. 23

APPENDIX B

31 May 1991

Approximate Translation

RE: The provision of assistance to Burmese minorities who have fled into Thailand.

TO: CCSDPT

This is in regard to the CCSDPT's request for permission for humanitarian agencies to provide medicines, food and items of necessity to minorities of Burma who have fled into Thailand for reasons related to human rights,in the border areas of Mae Hong Son, Tak, Kanchanaburi and Prachuab Kiri Khan Provinces.

The National Security Council raised this matter in a meeting of the governmental bodies concerned on 25 April 1991 . It was decided at the meeting that the Ministry of Interior would outline a procedure for the supervision of relief agencies in the provision of assistance to minorities, according to guide lines established.

• Having considered the matter, the MOl has come up with the • following procedure :

i. Private organizations who intend to provide assistance to Burmese minorities in Thai - Burmese border areas in Mae Hong Son, Tak, Kanchanaburi and Prachuab Kiri Khan Pro vinces must submit a proposal to the MOl through the CCSDPT every time ( assistance is to be given ) .

2 . The CCSDPT will submit proposals to the MOl requesting permission for relief agencies to provide assistance. The following details are to be included:

2.1 The quantities of goods to be provided.

2.3 The number and names of staff members involved.

2.4 The e x act period during which the assistance is to be provided , including the correct month, day and year.

! 3. The MOl will consider the requests and instruct the Office of the Governor as follows : • 24

3.1 To assess the suitability of the location in which activi ties are to be carried out. The location must be inside Thailand. Activities must be carried out with caution and in suitable areas. In areas which are unsafe for relief agency staff, or where the security of Thailand is threatened, the MOl may withhold permission to proceed. , 3.2 Assistance may be given to civilians only and there is to be no pUblicity.

3 . 3 The social and psychological effects on (citizens of) the Kingdom of Thailand in the areas concerned must be taken into consideration. If necessary, assistance will have to be provided to the Kingdom of Thailand as well.

3.4 Assistance is to be limited to food, clothing and medi cines. Medicines and medical supplies must pass the inspection of the Provincial Health Office for determina tion of their suitability.

3.5 Relief agency staff are to be kept to a minimum and will not be allowed to reside on site. In cases where large numbers of personnel are required, there should be coor dination with the Provincial Office so that Provincial Office employees may be included.

4. The MOl will inform the CCSDPT of its decision every time ( a request is -made), after which time permission will be granted , for direct coordination with the Provincial Office.

5. If any relief agency fails to follow the steps outlined above, the MOl will immediately revoke permission to proceed.

Respectfully,

Nai Chamnan Pochana Assistant Deputy Minister for the Deputy Interior Ministry 25

APPENDIX C ~~~ a) Royal Thai Government Regulations

Each month the BBC submits to the MOl lists of items to be delivered to each camp, and t he expected delivery dates. Co pies are forwarded to the Provincial and District Authorities . The MOl sends approval to the BBC and to the Provincial offi ces who in turn notify the District authorities .

Under new regulations agreed in 1994 the BBC submits the overall programme to MOl for approval annually, and submits quarterly programme reports via the Provincial Offices.

b) Food Rations

The refugee diet is essentially rice, fish paste, salt and chillis , supplemented with leaves and roots from the forest. Each of the refugee groups has its own method for calcula ting the basic rice requirement but in each case it works out at around 100 kgs/6 adults/month, which is about 550 gms/ adult/day. Children under the age of fi ve are calculated at one half the adu 1 t ration. The rice suppl ied is "Al Special Broken Rice "according to Thai standards, packed in 100 kg sacks.

The refugees have not until now been entirely dependant o n + the relief programme for their food requirements and have shown commendable willingness to be self-sufficient where possible. Their support organisations still controlled terri tory on the Burmese side of the border, traded on the black market, and grew crops in some areas. By 1994 however, this was becoming increasingly problematical. The Burmese Army , was making e x tensive territorial advances, and most of this income was being used up by the war effort and sustaining t he population remaining inside Burma . Some refugees have also been able to get low paid seasonal work in Thailand and fo r age in the surrounding forest, keep small kitchen gardens a nd raise a limited amount of livestock in the camps. Gi ven this relative degree of self-sufficiency, the policy of the relief agencies supplying the camps was to aim to cover at l east 90 percent of basic food needs. At this level life in the Camps remained simple and poor, but not inconsistent with standards in their former vi llages, or in Thai v illages in the area .

With SLORC mounting a new offensive at the beginning of 1995 ! and taking control of the border area it is likely that this philosophy will have to be reviewed . It is likely t hat the refugees will lose much of their independence and become much more dependent on aid provided .

A careful watch has been kept for signs of ma lnutrition in the Karen camps and Medecins Sans Frontieres runs a s upple- 26 mentary feeding programme for four vulnerable groups, under weight children, pregnant women, lactating women and tubercu losis patients. The budget for ingredients is provided by the Burmese Border Consortium and includes eggs, dried fish, beans, sugar , milk, vegetable oil and fishpaste. Similar programmes are being run in the Mon and southern Karen camps although these have still not yet been established in a sys tematic manner.

One of the recommendations of the BBC Evaluation was that ra tions should be more standardised between the groups. During 1994 the fish paste rations have been rationalised resulting in a small increase in total supplies. The Karenni however have expressed a distaste for the fish paste and are now being supplied with beans as a substitute.

A persistent health problem has been a high incidence of beri beri in certain camps, and at the request of MSF, the BBC has started supplying yellow beans to three of the poorest camps, Pa Yaw, Halokanee and Klay Mo Khlo for a six month trial period. c) Relief Items

The main relief supplies are mosquito nets and blankets. With malaria and respiratory diseases being the major health pro blems these items are essential. They have to be supplied and replaced on a regular basis because they wear out rapjdly with heavy use and rough conditions in crowded bamboo houses. Major distributions are usually made once each year. Where practical sleeping mats are supplied as well.

Other emer gency needs are catered for from time to time par ticularly during camp evacuations, fighting, and camp reloca tions. Items have included plastic sheeting, water drums and cooking utensils.

Building materials are not usually supplied but sometimes roofing is given when camps have to be moved out of season and the materials are difficult to find. d) Educational Suppl.ies

The refugees sustain all community activities themselves including schools from kindergarten through high school. Annual donations of basic school supplies for the teachers and pupils are made by the BBC. e) Refugee Demographics

The supplies are distributed to all camp residents. The breakdown by age and sex reported by · the Karen, Mon and Karenni Committees in January 1995 was as follows : 27

Group Families Adults Children Total Male Female* Male Female

Karen 10,729 18,099 20,201 12,430 12,013 62,743 Mon 1,935 2,308 2,627 2,950 3,732 11,617 Karenni 1,070 2,781 2,159 4,940

* For Karens, this is over 12 year olds, for Karennis over 15 years old.

f) Purchasing Procedures

Food All food items are purchased locally, usually in Sang khlaburi, Mae Sot and Mae Hong Son. Normally purchases are made monthly but rice is sometimes purchased in advance to secure good prices. In these instances the rice is stored by the supplier and delivered on request. The BBC does not store food itself. For the more remote camps on the border food has to be stockpiled for the rainy season ( up to 6 months depending on location) because the camps are inaccessible by truck. Rice is temporarily stored in sheds in the camps be fore being distributed to the refugees.

Prices are constantly checked and formal competitive quota tions are obtained when requested by large Donors ( mainly European Community)

Other Items. Miscellaneous Supplies such as sleeping mats or roofing are usually purchased locally, but large orders for items such as mosquito nets and blankets are placed annually in Bangkok. These are transported to the BBC Mae Sot and Sangkhlaburi offices from where they are distributed to the camps under BBC supervision. Emergency stocks are held in the offices for distribution to new arrivals. g) Transportation

Rice prices for the main Karen camps in Tak Province include transportation which is provided by the supplier. For all other camps local transportation by truck or by boat has to be arranged and paid for, usually on a price per sack basis and according to distance. For some camps, which are so remote that hauliers will not travel there, the BBC supplies funds for using logging trucks or other forms of local trans port such as elephants. The BBC Staff organise the neces sary permits from the local Thai authorities.

h) Delivery The frequency of delivery varies by location. For the main Karen camps in Tak Province delivery is every two weeks ; for the Mon and Karen camps supplied from Sangkhlaburi delivery 28

is usually monthly; but for the more remote Karen and Karenni camps in Mae Hong Son Province delivery is usually for two or three months. During the rainy season remote camps have to be stockpiled for up to six months. i) Distribution

BBC staff arrange and check deliveries to camps where the food is held temporarily in storage sheds. The Refugee Camp Committees acknowledge receipt of the supplies and check weights on delivery. The committee is responsible for distribution which usually takes place immediately after ar rival. Each family has a ration card stating their entitle ment, and they are called to the delivery point for distribu tion. j) Quality Control/Returns

There are no professional quality checks, but BBC staff constantly request feed-back on quality from the Camp Offi cials. Bad supplies are returned to the suppliers who re place any which are defective. Rice sacks are collected from the Karen camps and bought back by the supplier. k) Monitoring

The BBC staff monitor refugee population numbers, delivery of supplies and distribution of supplies on a continuous basis. This is done by regular cross-checks between information sup plied by the refugees committees, the camp leaders, and in formal discussions with the refugees themselves, plus obser vation of deliveries, distribution, and supplies in storage. A monitoring recording system is being tried out although this has been disrupted by recent emergencies. 29

APPENDIX D

TABLE C - 1 - ESTIMATE OF TOTAL ASSISTANCE 1984 TO DECEMBER 1994 Year Medical/ Food/Relief (bahtm) Total Year End Health (bahtm) Population (bahtm) Others Consortium

19B4 5 2 3 10 9,502 19B5 9 6 4 19 16,144 1986 9 5 7 21 18,428 1987 10 3 13 26 19,675 1988 10 4 18 32 19,636 1989 8 5 19 32 22,751 1990 10 5 34 49 43,500 1991 14 6 62 82 55,700 1992 20 6 75 101 65,900 1993 35 6 86 127 72,366 1994 64 7 98 169 77,107

Total 194 m 55 m 419 m 668 m

TABLE C_2 : CONSORTIUM INCOME 1984 TO DECEMBER 1994 * Baht Church of Christ in Thailand ** 195,084,634 Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship 134,515,209 lOA Refugee Care Netherlands ** 33,834,722 International Rescue Committee 25,226,058 Jesuit Refugee Service** 10,341,458 World Vision Foundation Thailand** 8,104,650 Catholic Relief Services 3,697,777 Compassion International Inc 3,035,194 Inter Aid International 1,655,100 Christ Church** 671,129 Food for the Hungry International 500,000 ADRA ** 463,350 Japan Sotoshu Relief Committee 400,000 Refugees International 384 , 777 CAMA 377,327 Anonymous 302,880 American Refugee Committee 250,000 Japan International Volunteer Centre 150,000 World Relief 114,497 Thailand Baptist Mission 100,000 Miscellaneous 105.292 • Baht 419.314.054 This Table lists the Thailand-based agencies through which funds are contributed_

These Agencies have also given material assistance through the Consortium totalling about 7,700,000 Baht in value_ 30 Consortium also received anonymous contributions of e 6,430,300 worth of rice in 1992 ( 11 ,600 sacks), e 5,000,000 worth of rice in 1993 (10,870 sacks), e 5,000,000 worth of rice in 1994 (10,675 sacks) .

TABLE C.3 : CONSORTIUM SUPPLIES 1984 TO DECEMBER 1994 • Year Rice Fish Salt Chillis Blankets Mosquito (100 kg) Paste (22 kg) (kg) Nets (20 kg)

1984 4,890 1,000 120 - 4,620 1,502 1985 8,855 2,132 30 1,034 5,400 1,900 1986 18,660 5,227 949 10,050 4,470 1,500 1987 26 , 951 11,064 1,827 2,913 6,800 8,283 1988 26,952 8,143 1.300 - 7,660 2, 0 00 1989 26,233 10.688 1,969 - 8,552 5,084 1990 48,100 17. 300 3,500 1,835 16,300 4,000 1991 84,819 23,119 6.890 250 22,440 12,000 1992 106.864 27.228 11,428 363 23,964 16.008 1993 126.750 34,492 11,400 474 27,041 16.090 1994 133. 587 40.888 14.057 176 49.640 23.889

To tal 612 . 661 181.281 53.470 17,095 176.887 92.256

Items included in this Table represent about 95% of Consortium • expenditures. Other supplies have included supplementary feeding items, school supplies. medicines, cooking utensils etc. . The Table includes donations in the name of Consortium but purchased by individual agencies.