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Redalyc.Infestation of Pyemotes Tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae) on Melipona Agrociencia ISSN: 1405-3195 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México Macías Macías, José O.; Otero Colina, Gabriel Infestation of pyemotes tritici (acari: pyemotidae) on melipona colimana (hymenoptera: apidae: meliponinae): a case study Agrociencia, vol. 38, núm. 5, septiembre-octubre, 2004, pp. 525-528 Colegio de Postgraduados Texcoco, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30238506 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative INFESTATION OF Pyemotes tritici (ACARI: PYEMOTIDAE) ON Melipona colimana (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: MELIPONINAE): A CASE STUDY INFESTACIÓN DE Pyemotes tritici (ACARI: PYEMOTIDAE) EN Melipona colimana (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: MELIPONINAE): ESTUDIO DE CASO José O. Macías-Macías1 y Gabriel Otero-Colina2 1Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur. Laboratorio de Abejas. ([email protected]). 2Especialidad en Entomología y Acarología. Instituto de Fitosanidad. IFIT. Colegio de Postgraduados. 56230. Montecillo, Estado de México. ([email protected]) ABSTRACT RESUMEN A colony of Melipona colimana was infested by Pyemotes tritici, Una colonia de Melipona colimana fue infestada por Pyemotes leading that colony to abscond. The association between such tritici, lo que la llevó a fugarse. Se registra por primera vez la species is recorded for the first time; P. tritici is defined as a asociación entre dichas especies; P. tritici es definido como parasitoid. It is hypothesized that the infestation was originated parasitoide. Se postula que la infestación se originó a partir de from infested Passalid beetles or ants entering the colony. This escarabajos pasálidos u hormigas, previamente infestados, que novel association is considered an important risk to meliponine entraron a la colonia. Esta nueva asociación es considerada un bees and Apis mellifera. riesgo importante para abejas meliponinas y para Apis mellifera. Key words: Apis mellifera, Melipona colimana, Pyemotes tritici Palabras clave: Apis mellifera, Melipona colimana, Pyemotes parasitoid. tritici, parasitoide. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCCIÓN he stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) have as abejas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponinae) han been bred and exploited in México since ancient sido criadas y explotadas en México desde Ttimes, mainly by Mayas in the Yucatán Peninsula L tiempos antiguos, principalmente por los mayas (Quezada-Euan, 2001); other species have attracted the en la Península de Yucatán (Quezada-Euan, 2001); otras attention of beekeepers and researchers even though their especies han atraído la atención de apicultores e biology is not well known. In this last group of species investigadores, aunque no se conoce bien su biología. we have Melipona colimana Ayala, which is endemic in En este grupo de especies figura Melipona colimana Jalisco State, in Southwestern México, and inhabits pine- Ayala, que es endémica del Estado de Jalisco, en el oak forests at heights of 1000 m and higher (Ayala, 1999). suroeste de México, y habita en bosques de pino-encino A new pest was detected in a colony of M. colimana, a altitudes de 1000 m o más (Ayala, 1999). leading that colony to abscond. Since there is a risk that Se detectó una nueva plaga en una colonia de M. the pest could shift to other meliponine bees as well as colimana, que llevó a dicha colonia a fugarse. Ya que to honey bees Apis mellifera L. the case is noteworthy, existe el riesgo de que esta plaga pueda desplazarse tanto and for that reason is described below. a otras abejas meliponinas como melíferas Apis mellifera L., el caso es digno de mención y por esa razón se de- MATERIALS AND METHODS scribe enseguida. On February 5, 2003, a log containing a feral nest of M. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS colimana was moved from a pine-oak forest in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco State (at 1800 m), to the Centro Universitario de la Costa El 5 de febrero de 2003, un tronco que contenía un nido Sur, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco; the log was placed on the ground silvestre de M. colimana fue llevado desde un bosque de pino- below the shadow of a tree for about three months. On May 26, encino en Cd. Guzmán, Estado de Jalisco (a 1800 m), al Centro 2003, the colony was transferred to a hive type OMAGAN-UDG, Universitario de la Costa Sur, en Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco; el designed by the senior author (patent in process); at that time it tronco fue colocado en el suelo bajo la sombra de un árbol durante Recibido: Enero, 2004. Aprobado: Septiembre, 2004. aproximadamente tres meses. El 26 de mayo de 2003, la colonia Publicado como NOTA en Agrociencia 38: 525-528. 2004. fue transferida a una colmena tipo OMAGAN-UDG, diseñada por 525 526 AGROCIENCIA VOLUMEN 38, NÚMERO 5, SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2004 contained a strong population of workers, 12 brood combs, 12 el autor principal (patente en proceso); en ese momento contenía pollen pots and 32 honey pots; the queen was also present. una gran población de obreras, 12 panales de cría, 12 potes de Two days later, the hive was reexamined; surprisingly, neither polen y 32 potes de miel; la reina también estaba presente. the queen nor the workers were present. After careful review of Dos días después la colmena fue reexaminada; 50 sealed cells, up to about 50 whitish spheres and thousands of sorpresivamente, no estaban ni la reina ni las obreras. Después de tiny mites were found inside each one of 46 sealed cells on dead una cuidadosa revisión de 50 celdas operculadas, en cada una de pupae (Figure 1A). They were observed with optical and scanning 46 celdas con pupas muertas se encontraron hasta 50 esferas electron microscopy for identification at species level. blanquecinas y miles de minúsculos ácaros (Figura 1A); se les observó con microscopios óptico y electrónico para su RESULTS AND DISCUSSION identificación a nivel de especie. All the collected specimens were identified as RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossot & Montagne)(Acari: Trombidiformes: Pyemotidae). The whitish spheres were Todos los ejemplares recolectados fueron greatly expanded gravid or physogastric females (Figure identificados como Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossot y 1B), whereas the tiny mites were non gravid females Montagne)(Acari: Trombidiformes: Pyemotidae); las (Figure 1C) or males (Figure 1D). Certainly the mites esferas blanquecinas eran hembras grávidas o were already present in the hive at the time of the previous fisiogástricas, muy expandidas (Figura 1B), mientras que inspection; however, they were hidden in the sealed cells. los ácaros minúsculos eran hembras no grávidas (Figura So we witnessed the sudden collapse of the colony. 1C) o machos (Figura 1D). Seguramente los ácaros There are no previous data on P. tritici attacking M. estaban ya presentes en la colmena al momento de la colimana, so this is a first record on such association. revisión previa; sin embargo, estaban ocultos dentro de Pyemotes mites have been found attacking honey bees las celdas operculadas. Así, fuimos testigos del repentino (Krczal, 1959; Chmielewski, 1991) and unidentified colapso de la colonia. meliponine bees (Nogueira-Neto, 1997); damages have No hay datos previos sobre el ataque de P. tritici a M. not been adequately described but, in general, colimana, por lo que éste es el primer registro de dicha infestations by these mites are of disastrous asociación. Los ácaros Pyemotes han sido encontrados consequences. At the light of some biological data, the atacando abejas melíferas (Krczal, 1959; Chmielewski, meaning and risks of such attacks can be understood. 1991) y abejas meliponinas no identificadas (Nogueira- According to Lindquist (1983), pyemotid mites are Neto, 1997); los daños no han sido adecuadamente parasitoids of their insects hosts. This adjective applies descritos pero, en general, las infestaciones por estos to an organism living and feeding on a single host; first ácaros son de consecuencias desastrosas. A la luz de as a parasite, but killing that host at the end. Pyemotid algunos datos biológicos, se puede entender el mites are viviparous, all developmental phases take place significado y riesgos de dichos ataques. inside the mother’s body, which swells enormously and lodges up to 250 offspring (Bruce and Wrensch, 1990). Según Lindquist (1983), los ácaros piemótidos son Females attach to their insect hosts, usually larvae or parasitoides de sus insectos hospedantes. Se aplica este pupae, and inject them a toxin; as a result, the hosts adjetivo a un organismo que vive y se alimenta sobre un become paralyzed and eventually die (Tomalski et al., solo hospedante, al principio como parásito pero que lo 1988). Since only adult mites and dead bee pupae were mata al final. Los ácaros piemótidos son vivíparos, todas found inside the cells, our findings coincide with the las fases de su desarrollo ocurren en el interior del cuerpo above data. de la madre, la cual se dilata enormemente y alberga Pyemotid mites are useful for controlling pests in hasta 250 descendientes (Bruce y Wrensch, 1990). Las closed environments, as stored food (Bruce, 1983) and hembras se fijan a sus insectos hospedantes, generalmente ant nests (Bruce and LeCato, 1980); however, they are larvas o pupas, y les inyectan una toxina; como resultado, also a potential danger for useful insects living in closed estos hospedantes quedan paralizados y al final mueren nests, like bees. Owing to the high fecundity of those (Tomalski et al., 1988). Puesto que sólo se encontraron mites and the fate of an attacked host, bee colonies infested ácaros adultos en el interior de las celdas, nuestros by P. tritici might be in serious danger. A colony can hallazgos coinciden con los datos arriba citados. extinguish or abscond, but robber bees can propagate the Los ácaros piemótidos son útiles para el control de surviving mites to other colonies; otherwise they also plagas en ambientes cerrados, como alimentos perish.
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