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Housing and Urban Development in a Post-Soviet City: a Case Study of Vilnius, Lithuania Terence M

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Housing and Urban Development in a Post-Soviet City: a Case Study of Vilnius, Lithuania Terence M Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 Housing and Urban Development in a Post-Soviet City: A Case Study of Vilnius, Lithuania Terence M. Milstead Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN A POST-SOVIET CITY: A CASE STUDY OF VILNIUS, LITHUANIA By: TERENCE M. MILSTEAD A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded Spring Semester, 2008 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Terence M. Milstead defended on February 26th, 2008. ___________________________________ Rebecca Miles Professor Directing Dissertation ___________________________________ Isaac W. Eberstein Outside Committee Member ___________________________________ Charles E. Connerly Committee Member ___________________________________ Elwood D. Carlson Committee Member Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Charles E. Connerly (Chair, Department of Urban and Regional Planning) The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii Dedicated to My family, especially my parents, Harold H. and Sarah Milstead, for their love and constant support. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help and support of numerous individuals. Foremost among these is Dr. Rebecca Miles, Associate Professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at Florida State University, Research Associate in the Center for Demography and Population Health, and the chairperson of both my master’s and doctoral committees. In 2004, Dr. Miles invited me to be her research assistant on an analysis of housing and health data collected by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Regional Office for Europe in several European cities. That invitation and the research that followed ultimately led to both a master’s research paper and the doctoral dissertation which follows. I thank Dr. Miles for the opportunity to conduct this research and for her patient guidance, support and encouragement over the last four years. I also wish to thank the other members of my doctoral committee, each a faculty member at Florida State University: Dr. Charles Connerly, Department Chair and William G. and Budd Bell Professor of Urban and Regional Planning; Dr. Isaac W. Eberstein, Charles Meade Grigg Professor of Sociology; and Dr. Elwood Carlson, Charles B. Nam Professor in Sociology of Population. They say that the secret to completing a Ph.D is in knowing how to manage your doctoral committee. I was very fortunate to have a committee that was exceptionally manageable and easy to work with. Many thanks go out to each of them, as well as to all of my fellow students in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP) at Florida State and to all the DURP faculty and staff. I would also like to thank the U.S. Department of State, the Institute for International Education (IIE) and the U.S. Fulbright Commission for financially supporting this research through a 2007-2008 Fulbright Full Grant, without which the on-site field research portion of this study would not have been possible. I would especially like to thank Ms. Valerie Hymas, formerly of the IIE. I would like to thank the WHO Regional Office for Europe in Bonn, Germany for collecting the data that was used in the statistical portion of this research, and also to express my gratitude to Mr. Matthias Braubach and the late Dr. Xavier Bonnefoy from that office for sponsoring my application for a Fulbright Fellowship. In Vilnius, there are too many people that I need to thank and not enough space in which to do it. However, a few individuals stand out since without their assistance the scope iv of this research project would have been drastically reduced. First, many thanks to Mr. Eric Maciunas, Director, State Centre for Environment and Health, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania, for his letter in support of my Fulbright Fellowship application, and to Ms. Ingrida Zurlyte of the same office for her invaluable logistical support once I arrived in Vilnius. Thanks also to Dr. Marija Burinskiene, Professor of Environmental Engineering at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, for her letter supporting my Fulbright application. Very special thanks are extended to Ms. Daiva Beciene at the State Center for Environment and Health. Daiva was my day-to-day contact person and an indispensable colleague who arranged the key-person interviews and focus group meetings and transported me everywhere I needed to go while refusing compensation. Thanks also to Arnoldas Kubilius for his excellent interpretation skills, and to Indre Butautyte and Jurate Letkauskiene, my focus group stenographer and moderator respectively, for their dedication and hard work. The staff at the U.S. Embassy’s American Center was a constant source of support and friendship during the one year I spent in Vilnius. Special thanks go to Mr. Carlos Aranaga, Mr. Joseph Boski and Ms. Rasa Baukaviene, to name but a few of the many embassy staffers who were so helpful and kind. Lastly, thanks go to my family and to my parents, to whom I dedicate this doctoral dissertation. v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables.................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................1 1. Background ........................................................................................................1 2. Purpose of Research............................................................................................3 3. Significance of Research.....................................................................................5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................7 1. Theoretical Context of Research.........................................................................7 Theory of “Self-Help” Housing........................................................7 Prior DIY Housing Research..........................................................10 Individual Responses to Built Environment and Patterns of Urban Decline...............................................................11 Historically-Grounded Sentiment in Processes of Neighborhood Change................................................................12 2. How the Lit. Review Findings Inform the Research Study ..............................13 CHAPTER THREE: CONCEPTUAL MODEL ..........................................................15 1. Description of Conceptual Model .....................................................................15 CHAPTER FOUR: CONTEXT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN VILNIUS ...............................................18 1. Chapter Overview .............................................................................................18 2. Recent History of Housing in Lithuania ...........................................................18 Transfer of Ownership of Housing from the National Government to Municipalities .........................................19 Municipal Attempts at Rapid Privatization of Former State-Owned Housing........................................................21 Social Polarization Resulting from Privatization of Housing ......................................................................................21 vi Deteriorating Housing and Neighborhood Conditions...................22 Increasing Importance of Cultural Heritage Discourse in Vilnius .......................................................................23 3. Political-Administrative Context of Housing and Urban Development in Vilnius..................................................................23 4. Description of Current Urban Development Trends and Issues in Vilnius......26 Old Town and the Center................................................................26 High-Rise Development near Old Town and Center……………………………………26 Traffic in the Old Town and Center……………….…………29 Lietuva Cinema and Castle of the Dukes…………………....31 Suburban Panel Block Housing Areas...........................................35 Ex-Urban Residential Development ..............................................37 CHAPTER FIVE: METHODS ......................................................................................39 1. Research Design.................................................................................................39 2. Justification for Choice of Research Design......................................................41 3. Method for Establishing Physical and Political-Administrative Context of Research...........................................................................................41 On-Site Observations of City Quarters...........................................41 Expert Interviews............................................................................42 Review of Archival Materials.........................................................43
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