El Sentido De Lo Abisal En Insidious: James Wan Y Joseph Bishara

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El Sentido De Lo Abisal En Insidious: James Wan Y Joseph Bishara B R U M A L Revista de Investigación sobre lo Fantástico DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/brumal.491 Research Journal on the Fantastic Vol. VI, n.º 2 (otoño/autumn 2018), pp. 283-305, ISSN: 2014-7910 EL SENTIDO DE LO ABISAL EN INSIDIOUS: JAMES WAN Y JOSEPH BISHARA. SINTAXIS Y SÍNTESIS DEL HORROR JULIO ÁNGEL OLIVARES MERINO Universidad de Jaén [email protected] Recibido: 11-04-2018 Aceptado: 01-11-2018 RESUMEN Planificando su discurso a partir de las máximas del suspense y las modulaciones del terror clásico, James Wan logra dar en Insidious (2010) una vuelta de tuerca a dichos parámetros seminales a fin de actualizar, de forma efectiva e innovadora, su operativi- dad. El realizador compone una secuencia narrativa en la que los motivos de la fantas- magoría y el horror cósmico pivotan en torno a la desemantización y la aporía, defor- midad o indefinición formal y temática que conllevan una recurrente ruptura de la lógica y la inversión o plasmación infecta de lo doméstico y familiar. Esencial entre los estilemas del filme es el rédito de la atonalidad y deflagración características de la banda sonora de Joseph Bishara. Las texturas atmosféricas y la sintaxis subversiva de este compositor se erigen en epítome de la desfamiliarización y fragmentación temati- zada, lo espasmódico, la perplejidad, el silencio o la agresión sensorial, ilustración ci- mera del concepto de fractura y abismo en el texto. PALABRAS CLAVE: Insidious, James Wan, Joseph Bishara, cine, terror, sintaxis, banda sono- ra, abismo, fragmentación. THE SENSE OF THE ABYSS IN INSIDIOUS. JAMES WAN AND JOSEPH BISHARA. SYNTAX AND SYNTHESIS OF HORROR ABSTRACT Following the maxims of suspense and the foundational hallmarks of classic horror, James Wan manages to go a step beyond in Insidious, adequately updating and refresh- 283 Julio Ángel Olivares Merino ing these seminal parameters and their effect. The director composes a narrative se- quence in which the motifs of phantasmagoria and cosmic horror pivot around dese- manticization and aporia, formal and content deformity or uncertainty both leading to a constant breakdown of logic and the inverted or anomalous rendition of the domes- tic and familiar. For this purpose, the essence of Joseph Bishara’s atonal and blasting modes crucially and significantly stand out in the text. His atmospheric layers and disrupting syntax epitomize defamiliarization and fragmentation as dramatically re- lated to the convulsive image, perplexity, silence and sensitive aggression, all of them illustrating the sense of fissure and the abyss in the film. KEY WORDS: Insidious, James Wan, Joseph Bishara, film, horror, syntax, score, abyss, fragmentation. R Abrió la puerta. Al otro lado había un largo pasillo de techo bajo con una hilera de pequeños faroles que se apagaban y encendían al unísono a lo largo de ambas paredes. Se quedó quieto y observó. Y es que tuvo la impresión de que algo brotaba en el pasillo durante los intervalos de oscuridad, un enjambre de oscuras formas que apenas se dispersaban de forma imperfecta cuando volvía la luz, retorcidos espectros que de alguna manera pertenecían a las propias paredes y se extendían con deformes miembros. THOMAS LIGOTTI, «La voz en los huesos» 1. PRIMEROS PLANOS, PRIMEROS ACORDES Es asunción más que fundamentada hoy en día que el discurso fílmico —en fondo y forma— representa un constructo multidimensional basado en la interacción y sinergia —análoga o contrastiva— entre diferentes elementales que constituyen su textura audiovisual y condicionan su incidencia receptiva. Superada ya la idea de primacía de la acción representada en plano sobre as- pectos tradicionalmente subordinados a ella, los estudios en el campo de la narratología fílmica constatan la importancia de aspectos tales como la música o la iluminación en la narración audiovisual, no sólo como valores añadidos, mero subrayado puntual o emersión intermitente complementaria, sino como índices de significación autosuficiente (Clover, 1992: 204; Lerner, 2010: viii). 284 Brumal, vol. VI, n.º 2 (otoño/autumn, 2018) El sentido de lo abisal en Insidious La música, en particular, cobra especial trascendencia en el género de terror, por cuanto la ambientación, la gradación del suspense, la gestión de los tiempos de tensión y distensión, la puntuación del sobresalto y, en definitiva, la interpelación lúdica y morbosa —e incluso la agresión— al espectador obe- decen, en gran medida, a la sincronía o asincronía entre la imagen y la banda sonora, sin obviar su potencial expresivo. En la filmación del terror y lo omi- noso, se conjugan significativamente —generando diversos grados de impac- to psicológico o abyección—, la explicitud o visibilidad sugerida de los en- marques, la agresión de la estridencia y saturación sonora o la suspensión amenazadora del silencio, como efectos asociados a lo que Philip Brophy de- nomina «horrality» (1986: 5), convergencia de índices de violentación caracte- rísticos del terror contemporáneo. En el presente estudio, nos centraremos, precisamente, en uno de los más singulares maridajes entre enunciación visual y plasmación sonora dentro del cine de terror actual, el imaginario de lo abisal y lo sublime en Insidious (2010) como propuesta inmersiva y afectiva para el espectador a partir de la simbiosis entre los estilemas clásicos del director James Wan y la idiosincrasia subversiva o experimental del compositor Joseph Bishara. En aras de contextualizar el valor y significado de la puntuación y tematización sonora en esta película, desglosaremos los índices y pilares genéricos que definen la propuesta de Wan en pantalla —deudora, en gran medida, de los planteamientos del guionista Leigh Whannell— y de qué forma influyen en la concepción del citado filme, uno de los más ínclitos referentes del terror de principios del siglo XXI. 2. EL CINE DE JAMES WAN: LA TEXTURA DEL MIEDO A pesar de que con Saw (2004), Wan inaugura el «torture porn», como plasmación del «voyeurismo» amenazador e intrusivo, la proclividad sadiana y las constantes de una sociedad carente de valores, desafectada y destructiva, su propuesta en este filme va más allá de la simple evisceración y mutilación explícita en pantalla. Siendo epicéntricos el símbolo de la sierra —el título es una declaración de intenciones— y la violentación física, el realizador trabaja, especialmente, las estrategias clásicas del suspense, siendo básicos el enclaus- tramiento, la ambientación en perímetros detríticos, el enfrentamiento cerval entre seres humanos, la cuenta atrás o referentes semióticos varios de una mascarada de purga y castigo con tintes existencialistas y distópicos. Brumal, vol. VI, n.º 2 (otoño/autumn, 2018) 285 Julio Ángel Olivares Merino En su anhelo de minar la aparente vida acomodaticia de la sociedad americana, trasladando imágenes del horror que proliferan como miedos ob- sesivos tras los atentados del 11-S, Wan incide en un imaginario del cataclis- mo, la alienación, la consunción o involución gradual, el grito y la mueca como deformación de lo familiar.1 Su incursión en el «torture-porn» desvela también una perversa proclividad a la estilización formalista rayana en la es- pectacularización lúdica del acto cruento, algo que nos recuerda a la formula- ción casi operística de la violencia («sequenza lunga») por parte del realizador italiano Darío Argento2 y, en puridad, define el potencial creativo del direc- tor como reactivador de los fundamentos de la literatura y el cine de terror de corte más clásico. De hecho, tras el éxito de Saw y lejos de sacar rédito de la fórmula, el realizador decidió apartarse de tal concepción extrema para fun- damentar su evolución en las bases del terror psicológico y la narración más artesanal, con la sagaz impostación de golpes de efecto y montaje, pero sin artificios, abundando en la atmósfera malsana y los personajes grotescos con cierto toque circense. En películas como Silencio desde el mal (Dead Silence, 2007), Expediente Warren (The Conjuring, 2013) o la propia Insidious, Wan logra, a través de una reescritura de motivos referente dentro de la mitología del terror3 y la aportación innovadora de técnicas de filmación tales como la cá- mara al hombro o la original vertebración de la banda sonora, combinar la poética sugerente y escalofriante de la fantasmagoría propia de la «ghost story» victoriana con el frenesí contorsionado de la posesión demoníaca o ico- nos de leyenda como la bruja. Insidious, en particular, evidencia guiños a obras tan señeras como ¡Suspense! (The Innocents, Jack Clayton, 1961), La casa encan- tada (The Haunting, Robert Wise, 1963), El exorcista (The Exorcist, William Frie- dkin, 1973), Poltergeist: fenómenos extraños (Tobe Hooper, 1982) o Pesadilla en Elm Street (A Nightmare On Elm Street, Wes Craven, 1984) por lo que es de sentido que David Christopher defina el filme como un palimpsesto que mira al pasado con nostalgia (2015: 55). 1 Son varios los estudios que señalan el ataque terrorista a las Torres Gemelas como punto de inflexión en la evolución del cine de terror. Marc Redfield (2009: 1) asocia la tragedia con un trauma histórico in- deleble mientras que Antonio José Navarro subraya dos conceptos básicos en el cine de terror norteame- ricano post 11-S: la paranoia y el miedo (2016: 21), enfatizando las «propiedades terapéuticas» del géne- ro (2016: 23). 2 También el títere grotesco en Saw (“Billy”) nos recuerda a la siniestra marioneta de Rojo Oscuro (Pro- fondo Rosso, Argento, 1975). El autómata es motivo recurrente en el imaginario fílmico de Wan. 3 Otros realizadores que plantean una deconstrucción productiva a partir de un sello ciertamente au- toral son Neil Marshall (Dog Soldiers, 2002), Eduardo Sánchez (Lovely Molly, 2011), Pascal Laugier (Mar- tyrs, 2008), Drew Goddard (The Cabin in The Woods, 2012), David Robert Mitchell (It Follows, 2015), Ti West (The House of the Devil, 2010), Alexandre Aja (Horns, 2013), Mike Flanagan (Oculus, 2013), Jennifer Kent (Babadook, 2014), H.P. Mendoza (I am a Ghost, 2012) o Rob Zombie (31, 2016).
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