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The Pluvial Lake Palomas – Samalayuca Dunes System

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The Pluvial Lake Palomas – Samalayuca Dunes System University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2009-01-01 The luvP ial Lake Palomas - Samalayuca Dunes System Miguel Dominguez Acosta University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Dominguez Acosta, Miguel, "The luvP ial Lake Palomas - Samalayuca Dunes System" (2009). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 243. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/243 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PLUVIAL LAKE PALOMAS – SAMALAYUCA DUNES SYSTEM MIGUEL DOMINGUEZ ACOSTA Department of Geological Sciences APPROVED: ____________________________________ Thomas E. Gill, Ph.D., Chair ____________________________________ Richard P. Langford, Ph.D. ____________________________________ William C. Cornell, Ph.D. ____________________________________ Robert H. Schmidt, Jr. Ph.D. ____________________________________ H. Curtis Monger, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Patricia D. Witherspoon, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School 1 Copyright © By Miguel Dominguez Acosta 2009 2 THE PLUVIAL LAKE PALOMAS – SAMALAYUCA DUNES SYSTEM by MIGUEL DOMINGUEZ ACOSTA, M.S. DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO May 2009 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mi agradecimiento a todas las personas que de una u otra forma me ayudaron a lo largo de mi estancia en UTEP, a través de tantos años. De manera especial a mi esposa María Elena y mis padres María Esther y Alberto. A todos mis maestros de Geología durante la licenciatura, maestría y finalmente doctorado, en especial a los que han participado como mis asesores y amigos. Con gran aprecio al Dr. Thomas E. Gill y al Dr. Richard P. Langford. “El conocimiento de la ciencia es el camino a seguir para un gran futuro como humanos” I’ll like to thank all the people that in one way or another helped me along my time at UTEP, throughout all these years. Especially to my wife Maria Elena and my parents Maria Esther and Alberto. To all my geology professors since bachelors thru masters and finally at the Ph.D level, especially to those who participated as advisors mentors and friends. With great respect and appreciation to Dr. Thomas E. Gill and Dr. Richard P. Langford. “The knowledge of science is the path to follow for a great future as humans” iv ABSTRACT A lacustro‐aeolian system formed by the Pluvial Lake Palomas (PLP), the Samalayuca Dunes (SMD) and a connecting aeolian corridor is found in the central Chihuahuan Desert of North America approximately 50 km upwind (SW) of the binational Paso del Norte metroplex. The system is described by its three individual components. They comprise one of the largest paleo‐lacustrine (Pleistocene) environments in the Chihuahuan Desert (PLP), one of the largest and least‐studied sand seas of North America (SMD), and a newly described and geomorphically heterogeneous aeolian corridor connecting the two. The Chihuahuan Desert has been a major and underappreciated dust production region of North America. The PLP – SMD system includes many of the prime dust “hotspots” of the Chihuahuan Desert. The individual parts of the system are analyzed separately and specific emphasis is given to previously undescribed or unidentified sedimentological, geomorphological and geochemical characteristics. An assessment of the dust emission potential based on a reconnaissance of the sedimentological and surface textural conditions and dynamics of each of the PLP sub‐ basins and other specific areas is presented. These conditions support placing the lacustrine sub‐system and its related alluvial and fluvial areas as a major mineral aerosol “hot spot” in North America. Sedimentological and geochemical properties of dust‐ producing sediments in eight PLP sub‐basins (Bolson de los Muertos, central PLP, Laguna Santa Maria, Laguna El Fresnal, Laguna Guzman, Rio Casas Grandes Valley, Laguna Palomas, and Laguna de Patos) and one adjacent basin (Laguna Ascension) are also comprehensively described for the first time. v The presented research identifies and describes the geomorphology, sedimentology and elemental concentrations of a newly described aeolian corridor connecting the PLP and SMD, adding to the scant scientific literature regarding these aeolian corridors. A revised geomorphic description and identification of dune types in the SMD (including two previously unidentified and undescribed dune forms) is also presented, as well as documentation of the complex interactions among the different types of dunes of the sand sea. Overall, this study elucidates the intricate linkage between the three areas as one geomorphic system and its combined effects on downwind populations as a mineral aerosol source. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 References .......................................................................................................... 8 2. SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DUST SOURCES IN THE PLUVIAL LAKE PALOMAS SUB‐BASINS, CHIHUAHUAN DESERT, NW MEXICO AND SW USA .............................................................. 12 2.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Mineral aerosols source ............................................................... 13 2.2.2 Physiographic setting .............................................................. 15 2.3 Methods .......................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Field geomorphic reconnaissance and sample acquisition. 18 2.3.2 Granulometry procedures .............................................................. 19 2.3.3 Elemental analysis procedures (PIXE) ................................ 20 2.3.4 Geochemical statistics .............................................................. 20 2.4 Results and discussion ............................................................................ 21 vii 2.4.1 Sub‐basins, areas and playas ............................................... 21 2.4.1.1 Laguna de Patos ............................................... 21 2.4.1.2 Bolson de los Muertos ................................ 24 2.4.1.3 Central area of the Pluvial Lake Palomas Basin ............................................................................ 38 2.4.1.4 Rio Casas Grandes Valley (Guadalupe Victoria area) ................................... 41 2.4.1.5 Laguna Guzman ............................................... 43 2.4.1.6 Trans‐Laguna Guzman ................................ 47 2.4.1.7 Laguna El Fresnal ............................................... 49 2.4.1.8 Laguna Santa Maria ............................................... 53 2.4.1.9 Laguna Palomas ............................................... 56 2.4.1.10 Laguna Seca .............................................................. 58 2.5 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 62 2.6 References .......................................................................................................... 67 2.7 Tables .......................................................................................................... 72 2.8 Figures .......................................................................................................... 75 3. THE PLUVIAL LAKE PALOMAS – SAMALAYUCA DUNES AEOLIAN CORRIDOR, NORTHERN CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO ............................................................................ 126 3.1 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 126 3.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 127 3.3 Methods .......................................................................................................... 131 3.3.1 Remote sensing procedures ............................................... 131 viii 3.3.2 Field geomorphic reconnaissance and sample acquisition ..........................................................................................
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