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River Water Analysis and Treatment | SP19 Water Analysis and Treatment of the Jordan River Alec Aguilera, Michael Bennett, Amanda Kennedy, Naomi Orbaum, Linor Serlin, & Jayden Yeoman Dr. Yaal Lester & Dr. Frank Jacobitz JORDAN RIVER BACKGROUND WATER SAMPLE TREATMENT CURRENT TREATMENT IN ISRAEL Two Major Issues: Principal Sources ● Highly politicized - Religion and Regional Projects Hasbani River - Lebanon ○ National Water Carrier Blank 20 µl 100 µl 200 µl 1000 µl ○ Headwater Diversion 3.69 NTU 1.27 NTU 0.50 NTU 5.25 NTU 6.35 NTU Plan Baniyas River - Syria ○ Jordan Valley Unified Water Plan Dan River - Mount Hermon ● Heavily Polluted - Turbidity, Waste and Salt 20 µl 100 µl 200 µl 500µl 1000 µl Currently, the main treatment efforts Go toward rehabilitation and 0.43 NTU 0.13 NTU 3.65 NTU 4.91 NTU 4.53 NTU “recharGinG the river” ● Prevention of raw sewage flow Physical Characteristics CoaGulation ● Provision of desalinated brackish water and treated wastewater for ● Using PAC & Ferric Chloric Acid with a 17.5 & 35 weight ● Lowest elevation of any river in the world regional agriculture percentage. ○ Wastewater effluent ● More than 223 miles in length, actual distance between ● Stirred for 15 seconds at 120 RPM ■ At first, only purifying sewage at a primary (coagulation, source and the Dead Sea is 124 miles Flocculation flocculation, settling, etc. ) and secondary level (biological -- ● Shallow but the current is swift and carries silt ● Stirred for 15 minutes at 15 RPM activated sludge) SettlinG ■ Operating at a tertiary level in January 2016 (additional ● Thermal springs near Sea of Galilee give water a high ● Settled at zero RPM for 15 minutes degree of salinity clarifying processes) Turbidity ○ Brackish water ● Found that PAC at 100 µl was the most effective treatment ■ Desalination (reverse osmosis) concentration to acquire a turbidity reading of 0.13 NTU WATER ANALYSIS Coliforms COLORADO RIVER TREATMENT ● No coliforms were found in our water sample Parameters and Procedure: Potential Uses ● pH → pH meter TRIP TO ISRAEL ● Total Suspended Solids → mass reading and turbidity This water source is already ● Total Dissolved Solids → mass reading (gravimetric analysis) Few places represent the depth of ancient history and breadth of crucial to California & its and conductivity modern discovery quite like Israel. Much like the photo below, we surrounding states. In Arizona ● Conductivity → multimeter see the ruins of Caesarea mere miles from symbols of innovation and California, the water is ● Turbidity → nephelometer like the Hadera desalination plant. However, one thing remains used for irrigation and ● Ammonium → indicator and colorimeter constant throughout history: the desperate cry for water. The domestic uses. In Nevada, the famous Roman aqueduct approaches the backdrop of seawater ● Coliforms → filtration, incubation, counting intake pipelines, reflecting the ongoing effort to supply water to the water is solely used for Pre-treatment Findings: desert. domestic purposes. Proposed Treatment Train Every state has its own treatment train depending on where the river is located and the contaminants affecting that area. The most common treatment train is as follows: 1. Screening 2. Coagulation & Flocculation 3. Gravity Filtration through multiple mediums REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS a. Sand, gravel, and carbon “Biblical Waters: Can the Jordan River Be Saved?” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 27 4. Chlorine Disinfection July 2016, news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140222-jordan-river-syrian-refuge Generously Sponsored by: es-water-environment/. a. Leaves a residue that allows for verification that Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Jordan River.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Curtis and Shirley Chambers Inc., 18 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Jordan-River. the water will stay clean through the “Jordan River Basin.” Jordan River Basin | Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia, The Murray Galinson San Diego Israel Initiative waterinventory.org/surface_water/jordan-river-basin. transportation process. “Water Treatment and Distribution Operations.” Water Treatment and Distribution Operations - City of The Israel Institute Calexico, California , www.calexico.ca.gov/?SEC=2163A48C-5905-44F8-8DE7-6A8BCC741D08..
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