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ONTARIO DIVISION OF MINES GEOLOGICAL BRANCH
Open File Report 5206
Recommendations for Sand and Gravel
Extractive Areas
Mulmur Township
Dufferin County
Southern Ontario
by
Q. H. J. Gwyn
1976
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario Division of Mines. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:
Gwyn, Q. H. J. 1976: Recommendations for Sand and Gravel Extractive Areas, Mulmur Township, Dufferin County, Southern Ontario; Ontario Div. Mines OFR5206, 10 p., 2 tables, 3 maps.
THE OPINION . ,TS no NOT
PJJ E !i-2;iiiij[:: i* jii© 9^Li
Open file reporLs are made available to the public subject to certain conditions. Anyone using them shall be deemed to have agreed to those conditions v;hich cire as follows:
This report is udedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Division does not assume liability.
Open file copies may be read at the following places:
Mines Library, (Room V71603, Whitney Block), Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parliament Buildings, toronto.
The office of the Resident or Regional Geologist in whose district the ?irea covered by this report is located
A report cannot be taken out of these offices. Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from it. This peirticular report is on file in the Regional or Resident Geologist;s office located at:
1DL7D Yonge Street Richmond Hill-i Ontario
Open file reports cannot be handed out for office reading until a card, giving the name and address of the applicant, is filed with the Regional or Resident Geologist or Librarian.
A copy of this, report is available for inter-library loan.
The Division cannot supply photocopies. Arrangements may be made for photocopying by an outside firm at the user©s expense. The Librarian or Regional or Resident Geologist will supply information about these arrangements.
The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Division of Mines. Permission for other reproduction must be obtained in writing from the Director, Geological Branch.
E.G. Pye, Director, Geological Branch
OPINION
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAND AND GRAVEL
EXTRACTIVE AREAS
Mulmur Township
Dufferin County
Southern Ontario
by
Q. H. J. Gwyn
Geologist, Phanerozoic Geology Section, Geological Branch, Ontario Division of Mines
Manuscript approved for publication by the Chief, Phanerozoic Geology Section, 23 June 1976.
STATEMENTS EXPRESSED IN THIS REPORT ARE l" V ISO A- D REPRESENT THE OPINION 5 ~*~©7 AUTHOR OR AUTHORS. THE r/ l.tfWTS DO NOT REPRESENT GOVERNMENT POLICY* ^
OFR5206
Contents
Preface v
Municipalities Assessed v
Nature of Study vi
Mulmur Township: Gravel Resource Planning l
References 3
Tables
I - Reserves of Aggregate l i II- Licensed properties 2
Maps
(Back pocket)
2 maps showing potential extractive areas
and ODM Map P.727
ffffi STATES!! REPORT AF:2 UNEDI it..; AfslD PREFACE THE OPINION OF THE AU l HUH OR AUTHORS. THE STATEMENTS DO REPRESENT GOVERNMENT POLICY.
The following recommendations deal with possible zoning for aggregate extraction in Central Ontario, Studies have been made of the following twenty-f our municipalities with a view to recommending a selective zoning policy for possible aggregate mining in these areas, Recommended areas contain tonnages of sand and gravel varying from 20 to 7©6 percent of total reserves* Nearly all the municipalities contain sand and gravel reserves in excess of 100,000,000 tons. . . ".
Muni c ip aliti e s As sessed Adjala Tp* Mulmur Tp. Brantford Tp, Murray Tp. Brighton Tp, N. Dumfries Tp, Brock Tp. Pelham Tp. Caledon Tp, Pilkington Tp. Cramahe Tp. Puslinch Tp* Eramosa Tp, Reach Tp. Erin Tp. S. Dumfries Tp. Guelph City Uxbridge Tp. Guelph Township Waterloo Tp, Manvers Tp. Whitchurch Tp. Mono Tp. Wilmot Tp.
* These municipalities contain the major part of the sand and gravel reserves of Central Ontario. Mature of the Study
Pleistocene mapping of the surficial deposits of Central Ontario has virtually been completed and published maps are available for nearly all the area* The first step in the study was the examination of the Pleistocene maps of the area and the delineation of areas of potential sand and gravel deposits* Such areas are designated as high, medium or low potential* Many municipalities have little or no resources of sand and gravel or have only sufficient reserves for local needs* Therefore, a selection of the municipalities in the area
t having high potential reserves. of sand and gravel. . . was made. . After this selection had been made, Step 2 of the study was a field examination of each selected municipality to make a granular resource inventory of sand and gravel in the area* Gravel pits, roadcuts and other exposures were examined and data from boreholes were consulted and plotted, A granular resource map of the township was prepared showing areas of high, medium and ©low potential.
Step 3 of the study was an assessment of what percentage of the deposits in the township might be selected for potential extraction. This selection was based on the thickness and tonnage potential of the deposits, and on restrictions due to cultural effects such as roads and buildings* The resultant map, which is enclosed, shows selected areas of potential aggregate extraction. Where available, the Pleistocene maps showing the basic surficial data are also enclosed* .
Estimated possible tonnages of reserves on various acreages were based on evidence from pit faces, exposures and well log data where available* However, in some areas there is not adequate information on the depths of granular material to form a basis for probable tonnage calculations* In these cases a formula has been used which incorporates conservative average thicknesses for the type of deposit, e*g. beach, esker, outwash, etc* Estimates from these latter tonnage calculations will be in the possible category* Drilling data or test pitting will be necessary to calculate proven or probable tonnages* ~
The definitions for proven, probable and possible tonnages according to the performance standards of the Association of Professional Engineers of the Province of Ontario are given below: "Proven ore" is that material for which tonnage is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches and/or drill holes and for which the grade is computed from the results of adequate sampling. Ths sites for inspection, t;ampling and measurement are so spaced and the geological character so well defined that, the size, shape and mineral
Lv \i) content are established. The computed tonnage and grade are judged to be accurate within limits which must be stated. "Probable ore" is that material for which tonnage and grade are computed partly from specific measurements, samples, or production data, and partly from projection for a reasonable distance on geologic evidence/ The sites available for inspection, measurement, and sampling are too xvidely or otherwise inappropriately spaced to outline the material completely or to establish its grade throughout. "Possible Ore" or "Inferred Ore" is that material for which quantitative estimates are based largely on broad knowledge of the geologic character of the deposit and for which there are .few, if any, samples or measurements* The estimates are based on an assumed continuity or repetition for which there are reasonable geological indications; these indications may include comparisons with deposits of similar type. Bodies that are completely concealed may be included if there is specific evidence of thei-r presence.
In this report tonnages are mainly in the "possible tonnage" group, v*ith some deposits in the "probable tonnage" group. In general there is little information on grade.
(Y vi GRAVEL RESOURCE PLANNING MULMUR TOWNSHIP
Because of the ice-contact nature of much of the aggregate in Mulmur Township it is not possible to outline L areas of possible resources. Further, most of the surface exposures reveal fine sediments rather than coarse aggregate. As a result the units outlined are restricted to outwash t gravel.
The estimate of thickness is based primarily on surface exposures and it is assumed that these are more or less continuous sheets of coarse aggregate. The estimate of thickness is considered to be conservative because in two pits more than 25 feet of aggregate have been encountered. The three pits licenced under the Pits and Quarries Act constitute only 4 percent of the outlined area.
TABLE I: RESERVES OF AGGREGATE
Gross Net Use able Tonnage Estimate Tonnage Unit Thickness (Millions Cultural (Millions Number Acreage (feet) of Tons) loss (fo) of Tons) 1. 1152 25 70 10 63 2. ID** 25 66 5 63
TOTAL 2240 126 - 2 -
TABLE II: LICENCED PROPERTIES ~ MULMUR TOWNSHIP
No. Name Lot Con. Acreage
1. Palgrave Sand & Gravel Ltd. 1 2E 40 2. C. KLear 1 2E 23 3. Peace Valley Ranch Ltd. 22 IE ft W 21.5
TOTAL 39.5 acres
Total acreage recommended for zoning, 2240 acres. Acreage licenced, 39-5 acres. Tonnage recommended for zoning, 126,000,000 tons. fo Selected of total reserves, 4^.35^ REFERENCE
Gwyn, Q.H.J. 1972: Quaternary Geology of the Dundalk Area, Southern Ontario; Ont. Dept. Mines fe Northern Affairs, Prelim. Map P.727.
MAPS
1. Prelim. Map P.727 (as above). 2. Potential Extractive Areas, Mulmur Township,
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS
PRELIMINARY MAP P.727 GEOLOGICAL SERIES QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE DUNDALK First Edition CANADA SHEET 41 M EAST HALF DUNDALK AREA DUNDALK CANADA SHEET 41 Vi WEST HALF SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Scale 1:50,000 1.25 Inches to l Mile approximately
NTS Reference: 41 A/1 GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 8I396C
LEGEND
CENOZOIC QUATERNARY Recent Wind-blown deposits. Fine sand in sand dunes.
Modern alluvium, unsubdivided. Silt, sand, and gravel.
Bug deposits. Peat, muck, and marl.
Older alluvium. Sand and gravel.
Pleistocene
Glacial-lake or pond deposits. Very fine sand, silt, and clay.
Glacial-outwash sand. x* © / ^ ©- Glacial-outwash gravel. Ice-contact stratified drift. Sand and gravel, Includes some till and silt. a) Mainly gravel. b) Mainly sand. Till. Mainly sandy silty till with some pebbly silty sandy till.
PALEOZOIC SILURIAN lam Amabel Formation Ice Clinton and Cataract Groups
ORDOVICIAN
Iqu Queenston Formation Igb Georgian Bay Formation Note: Deposits leas than 3 feet thick are not shown as separate units.
SYMBOLS
ecological boundary (actual Glacial meltwater channel or interpreted). with Inferred direction of flow. © l Snail bedrock outcrop. *x--rO-Pl, Y ?!c? Esker (arrowheads show ^j Sand or gravel pit. current direction).
Rock quarry. Terrace scarp. Diagram ©showing orientation movement direction inferred). of Long axes of till pebbles in two dimensions; j0r Glacial fluting in till. iOU pebbles were measured at each site. DrumLin.
MARGINAL NOTES
Happing was done during the summer of 1971 by the writer with the assistance of B, D. Cairns who mapped the western half of the area, G. B. Egger*-son, and A. G. Higgins. Field techniques included the examination of road exposures, foundation excavations, and soil augering. Air photographs on a scale, l inch to 3,000 feet were used. Bedrock Geology: There are numerous outcrops, most of which are in thfe vicinity of the Niagara Escarpment. The Escarpment trends north-soutt, through the middle of the eastern half of the map-area. East of the Escarpment, outcrops of Georgian Bay and Queens t on Formations, boch of the Ordovician period, are mainly in the Whitf ield-Mansf ield-Ruskview region. Silurian formations of the Cataract and Clinton Groups are not well exposed but are best at Hornings Hills and tn Boyne River north of Primrose. The youngest formation in the axe*, the Silurian Amabel Formation, is exposed extensively at the Niagara Escarpment and in the area west of It. Glacial Deposits: Till: Till covers 40 to 50 percent of the map-area and only one mappable till unit was found. However, exposures were examined in which there were two and three tills. The surface till has a sandy silty texture and contains generally less than 10 percent pebbles. It is compact, massive, and olive coloured (5V5/4, Munsell System). In some areas, particularly in the hummocky topography north and oast of Honeywood, the till is bouldery and has slightly more sandy matrix. Two other till units underlie the surface till in foundation excavations at Shelburne. The lowermost till is a sandy pebbly till, compact, and light yellow- brown (IOYR5/3). The middle till is silty with few pebbles and red-brown (5YR5/3). The three tills are separated by l to 2 feet of silt, sand,, flnd minor pebbly sand. The two Lower tills are at the surface at only two other locations, and are not found in section elsewhere.
Ice-Contact Stratified Drift: In the western half of the map-area, ice- contact drift is restricted to three eskers and two kame complexes. The eskers trend northwest-southeast, with southeast flow directions indicated. The gravel in both the eskers and kames ia typically coarse gravel to pebbly sand.
Ice-contact drift covers approximately 35 percent of the eastern half of the area Textural ly it is mainly medium-grained sand with some gravel, pebbly sind and bouldery sand! This material is in two morainic ridges: the Orangeville Moraine and a second hummocky ridge which is parallel to and east of the Orangeville Moraine. It Is not known whether the eastern ridge is a separate moraine (Singhampton Moraine?) or part of the Orangeville Moraine. It Is suggested that it marks the location of the ice margin during the period when the Violet Hill Spillway was in use. V^0 ,-"^ y, ^~-" fc-rS Outwash Gravel and Sand: In the map-area, the Violet Htll Spillway .expends from Black Bank through a gorge, thence across a delta south of Bldck Bank, and on southward to Kilgorie and Violet Hill and south past Mono Centre. Abundant sedimentary structures indicate that meltwater flowed southward in the Spillway. However, both preglacial and present drainage is to the east, thus the ice evidently dammed the east-flowing rivers. There are two distinct parallel channel levels within the spillway; one at l 425 feet and one at 1,350 feet. The higher channel Is closer to the Escarpment and was used first. As the ice retreated, and with the uc-rmal eastward drainage still ice-dammed, the lower channel to the east of the higher one was. formed,
At the higher channel level, gravel predominates although it is underlain by medium- to fine-grained sand in several gravel pit exposures. At the lower level sand is the main deposit with minor amounts of pebbly sand and gravel. In the western part of the map-area, medium- to fine-grained sand and silty sand was deposited in numerous small meltwater channels. Most of these accm to havP drained southward into the Grand River system, Hind-Blown Sand and Silt: Aeolian silt forms a thin veneer covering a large area of till in the Conover-Honeywood-Redickville region. Although it is not a mappable unit it covers a wide area and fills hollows and small depressions. South of Shrigley, there are three sand dunes. Based on the orientation of lee slopes, the transporting wind was from the west. Economic Geology: Only one stone quarry has been operated in the Dundalk area. The Ritchie Cut Stone Co. Ltd. quarried dolostone- of the Amabel Formation 1.5 miles east of Shelburne in the late 1920s. The gravel in the eskers in the western and central parts of the map-area are the main source of this material presently being developed. The eskers contain sufficient amounts for local requirements. The gravel contains less than 5 percent of deleterious pebble lithologles such as silty sandstone; shale, and chert. Verv large reserves of sand and gravel are found principally in outwash and ice-contact deposits in Mono, Mulmur, and in the southeastern part of Melancthon Townships. The outwash gravel in the Violet Hill Spillway has a very consistent texture However it has l 5 to 20 percent combined silty sandstone, siltstone, shale and chert. The gravel in the ice-contact depositB is irregularly distributed and has a pebble lithology similar to the gravel outwash. There is a sufficient supply to support several commercial operations.
Selected References: Bedrock Geology and Topography: Karruw, P.P. 1965- Ihindalk Sheet, Bedrock Topography Series; Ontario Dept. Mines, Prelim. Map P. 306, scale 1:50,000, 1.25 inches to l mile approximately. Geology 1964. Liberty, B. A. 1969- Paleozoic geology of the Lake Simcoe area, Ontario; Geol. burv. Canada, Mem. 355, 201p. Accompanied by Map 1228A, scale l Inch to 4 miles. Pedology: Hoffman D. W. , Mathews , B.C., and Wicklund, R. E. 1964:© Soil survey of Dufferin County; Research Branch, Ontario Dept. Agriculture, Report No. 38 of the Ontario Soil Survey^ 75p. Physiography: Chapman, L. J., and Putnam, D. F. . 1966: The physiography of southern Ontario; University of Toronto Press, 2nd ed*, 386p.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Geology by Q, H. J. Gwyn and assistants, 1971. Topography from Map 41 A/1 of the National Topographic Series. © Aerial Photography: Ontario Department of Lands and Forests; National Air Photo Library, Ottawa.
Issued 1972. 44"00© 541 Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit ia given to the Surveyed, compiled, drawn and printed b Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs. It is recommended thi Army Survey Est., R.C.E. 1941 Aerial photography by R.C.A.F . that reference to this map be made in the following form: Converted from The first edition of the 1:63360 man to 1-50000 by the A.S.E. 1950. Gwyn, Q. . 1972: The Ojuaternary geology of the Dundalk area, Southern- Ontario; Ontario Dept. Mines and Northern Affairs, Prelim. Map P. 727, Geol. Ser. , scale 1:50,000. Geology 1971.