TBTA Midtown Tunnel Draft Upland Site Summary

TBTA QUEENS MIDTOWN TUNNEL (DAR SITE ID #15) Address: 10-55 51st Avenue, City, New York 11101 Tax Lot Parcel(s): Queens Block 39, Lot 2 Latitude: 40.741437 Longitude: -73.952979 Regulatory Programs/ Numbers/Codes: USEPA FRS ID No. 110008033476, USEPA ID No. NYD982796427, USEPA FIS No, 2-9902-00084, PBS No. 2-454559, NYSDEC Spill No: 8807410, 9007411, 9201987, 9203696, 9009652, 9705809, 9706666, 9709771, 9812663, and 9313543 Analytical Data Status: Electronic Data Available Hardcopies only No Data Available

1 SUMMARY OF CONSTITUENTS OF POTENTIAL CONCERN (COPCS) TRANSPORT PATHWAYS TO THE CREEK The current understanding of the transport mechanisms of COPCs from the upland portions of the Triborough and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) Queens Midtown Tunnel site (site) to Newtown Creek is summarized in this section and Table 1 and supported in the following sections.

Overland Transport The site is located approximately 518 feet from Newtown Creek and associated waterways. This is not a complete historical or current pathway.

Bank Erosion The site is not adjacent to Newtown Creek or associated waterways. This is not a complete historical or current pathway.

Groundwater Groundwater quality information for this site was not identified in documents available for review. The site is located approximately 518 feet from Newtown Creek and associated

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel waterways. Spill records indicate several spills of various petroleum products to groundwater at the site. This pathway is potentially historically and currently complete.

Overwater Activities This site is not adjacent to Newtown Creek or associated waterways and has no overwater activities. This is not a complete historical or current pathway.

Stormwater/Wastewater Systems Information regarding on-site stormwater infrastructure and management was not identified in files available for review. This site is within the Bowery Bay Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) sewershed. Stormwater and wastewater discharges from the site flow into a combined municipal sewer system. When the combined flows exceed the system’s capacity, untreated combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are discharged to Newtown Creek at Outfalls BB-043, BB-014, and BB-013 (NYCDEP 2007). There is insufficient evidence to make a historical or current pathway determination for direct discharge of stormwater, wastewater, and sewer/CSO.

Air Releases The site is registered as a state air facility (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 2011), although no permits or air emissions data were found in available site records. There is insufficient evidence to make a historical or current pathway determination.

2 PROJECT STATUS No records containing environmental investigations were identified for this site in available documents.

3 SITE OWNERSHIP HISTORY Respondent Member: Yes No

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Owner Years Occupant Types of Operations Cargo handling buckets, coal chutes, G.L. Stuebner Iron Works ca. 1898 industrial cars, and gray iron castings New York Sugar Refinery Unknown American Druggist ca. 1915 Drug manufacturer Syndicate Jump House Wrecking Second-hand building materials and Unknown ca. 1915 – 1936 Company window sash storage M.H. Thompson Lumber yard Chilton Pen Co. Unknown ca. 1936 Amsterdam Bldg. Co., Inc. Storage Unknown Sawmill

New York City 1936 – 1946 Tunnel Authority Interstate , toll booths, and Queens Midtown Highway TBTA (MTA entrance to tunnel 1946 – present and Tunnels)

Notes: Bldg. – building ca. – circa Co. – company MTA – Metropolitan Transit Authority

4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION The property occupies approximately 6.2 acres. The site is a 0.42-mile section of the Long Island Expressway (Interstate-495), including the toll booth and entrance to the Queens Midtown Tunnel. The intersects the site.

The site overlaps three blocks and is located between Borden Avenue to the south, Vernon Boulevard to the west, 50th Avenue to the north, and 21st Street to the east. The Long Island Rail Road forms the shape of the southeastern edge of the site. The area is zoned M3- 2 and M1-4 (manufacturing). M3 districts are designated for areas with heavy industries that generate noise, traffic, or pollutants and M1 districts typically include light industrial uses with buffers between M2 or M3 districts and adjacent residential or commercial districts (NYCDCP 2012). A 2010 aerial photograph of the site is presented as Figure 1.

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

5 CURRENT SITE USE The site is currently used as an entrance and toll booth for the Queens Midtown Tunnel of the Long Island Expressway. The tunnel eventually crosses beneath the to the borough of .

6 SITE USE HISTORY In 1898, G.L. Stuebner Iron Works, a manufacturer of cargo handling buckets, coal chutes, industrial cars, and gray iron castings, occupied the site at the corner of East Avenue and Third Street. Structures on the property included an iron shed, boiler shop, blacksmith, wood working area, machine shop, and various other buildings (Sanborn 1898; Chamber of Commerce 1918). The New York Sugar Refinery occupied a series of buildings near the corner of East Avenue and Borden Avenue. Next door to the refinery was a wagon shed. There were also a number of residential buildings on this block adjacent to these businesses. The northeastern portion of the site, bordered by Fourth Street to the north and Third Street (later 51st Avenue) to the south, consisted mainly of residential buildings (Sanborn 1898). Also in 1898, the western portion of the site (bordered by Borden Avenue to the south, East Avenue to the east, Third Street to the north, and Jackson Avenue to the northwest) consisted mainly of residential buildings and a few small businesses including an undertaker, a plumber, a cobbler, a bowling alley, and a barber (Sanborn 1898).

In 1915, the Jump House Wrecking Company occupied approximately 41,000 square feet on Borden Avenue. Jump House sold second-hand building materials such as plumbing, heating, and lighting fixtures. The site was also used for window sash storage. A 12,500­square-foot building, occupied by the American Druggist Syndicate, was located on 3rd Street (Sanborn 1915).

In 1936, a sawmill occupied a building on 51st Avenue along with multiple storage buildings. The window sash storage building was still standing. The Chilton Pen Co. occupied a 5,000­square-foot building on 51st Avenue. The M.H. Thompson lumber yard had replaced the Jump House Wrecking Company and several buildings used for the storage of crates, boxes, and tires occupied the former American Druggist Syndicate site (Sanborn 1936).

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

The Queens Midtown Tunnel Authority was created in 1935, which later became the Tunnel Authority. Construction of the Midtown Tunnel began in October 1936. The tunnel opened to traffic on November 15, 1940 (mta.info 2012; NYT 1940).

In 1946, the New York City Tunnel Authority merged with the Triborough Bridge Authority to become the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. The current legal name of the agency remains the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, but it is also known as MTA Bridges and Tunnels and is under the umbrella of the MTA (mta.info 2012).

The original brick roadway inside the tunnel was replaced with asphalt in 1995. In 2001, a $126 million project was completed, replacing lighting, wall tiles, traffic control systems, electronic signs, traffic control lights, and signals. In 2009, 27.7 million vehicles used the tunnel (mta.info 2012).

7 CURRENT AND HISTORICAL AREAS OF CONCERN AND COPCS The understanding of the current and historical potential upland and overwater areas of concern at the site is summarized in Table 1. The following sections provide brief discussion of the potential sources and COPCs at the site requiring additional discussion.

7.1 Uplands Nine petroleum tanks (seven underground storage tanks [USTs] and two aboveground storage tanks [ASTs]) have been located on site at the Queens Midtown Tunnel Service Building. Five of the seven USTs and one AST have been closed and/or removed. The remaining in-service USTs and AST have an active permit (PBS No. 2-454559) that expires December 6, 2013. Petroleum product storage and capacity is summarized in the following table (NYSDEC 2012):

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Date Capacity Tank ID Tank Status Tank Type Product Installed (Gallons) 1 Closed – removed 01/01/40 UST 550 Gasoline 2 01/01/99 3 Closed – in place 01/01/40 UST 4,000 No. 2 fuel oil 4 01/01/96 5 01/01/90 In service UST 1,000 Biodiesel Closed – removed 6 12/01/78 UST 265 Waste/used oil 10/01/93 7 12/01/99 In service UST 1,500 Gasoline Closed – removed 8 07/01/96 AST 5,000 No. 2 fuel oil 10/24/05 9 11/01/05 In service AST 475 Other

Notes: AST – aboveground storage tank UST – underground storage tank

Records indicate the site is an active Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) large quantity generator (LQG; USEPA 2011). Available hazardous waste manifest documentation indicates that between 2007 and 2009, the site shipped non-listed corrosive waste (D002), non-listed ignitable waste (D001), and lead (D008). In 1989, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2008, the site was classified as a large quantity generator and in 1999, 2006, and 2007, a small quantity generator (Environmental Data Report [EDR] 2010). No other information related to waste generation was located.

Potential historical and current contaminant sources at the site include transportation equipment, drug manufacturer, coal chutes, lumber yard and sawmill, and tanks that store petroleum products (including gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil). The COPCs for these sources include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), and metals.

7.2 Overwater Activities This site is not adjacent to Newtown Creek or associated waterways.

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

7.3 Spills Documented spills at the site are summarized in the following table (NYSDEC 2012; EDR 2010):

NYSDEC Spill Date Close Date Material Spilled Remarks Spill No. Equipment failure; unknown amount; heating unit leaked into booth causing 8807410 12/07/88 12/04/92 Ethylene glycol irritation and vomiting; 20 people affected Test tank failure; unknown amount; soil 9007411 10/05/90 10/21/03 No. 2 fuel oil affected Tank failure; unknown amount; 9201987 06/30/91 06/24/04 Waste/used oil groundwater affected Unknown cause; unknown amount; 9203696 06/29/92 Not closed Diesel groundwater affected Test tank failure; unknown amount; 9009652 06/07/94 10/21/03 Diesel groundwater affected Test tank failure; unknown amount; 9705809 08/31/97 Not closed No. 2 fuel oil groundwater affected Test tank failure; unknown amount; 9706666 09/03/97 06/24/04 No. 2 fuel oil groundwater affected Equipment failure; unknown amount; 9709771 11/21/97 10/21/03 Gasoline groundwater affected Equipment failure; unknown amount; 9812663 01/13/99 Not closed Gasoline groundwater affected Tank test failure; unknown amount; 9313543 02/15/93 10/21/03 No. 2 fuel oil groundwater affected

Note: NYSDEC – New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

8 PHYSICAL SITE SETTING Site-specific hydrogeologic information was not identified in documents available for review. The geologic setting for Newtown Creek consists of impermeable Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline bedrock, overlain by the Upper Cretaceous Raritan formation, Magothy formation and Matawan Group (undifferentiated), unconsolidated Pleistocene deposits and upper Pleistocene glacial deposits and Holocene shore, beach salt-marsh deposits, and alluvium, along with local occurrences of artificial fill (Buxton et al. 1981; Soren and

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Simmons 1987). The primary areas of groundwater discharge are Newtown Creek and its tributaries and the East River (Misut and Monti 1999). In the vicinity of Newtown Creek, groundwater flow in the Upper Glacial aquifer is generally north and south towards the creek. With increased distance from the creek, groundwater will flow towards the nearest surface water body to discharge (Misut and Monti 1999). Incidences of perched groundwater may occur above the Upper Glacial Aquifer in some areas, particularly in formerly low-lying areas that have been filled. Groundwater flow at a specific property may differ from the regional pattern due to pumping for groundwater treatment or dewatering activities (Misut and Monti 1999), the presence of buried utilities, or other preferential pathways.

9 NATURE AND EXTENT (CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS) 9.1 Soil Soil Investigations Yes No Bank Samples Yes No Not Applicable Soil-Vapor Investigations Yes No

Information related to soil investigations was not found in reviewed documents.

9.2 Groundwater Groundwater Investigations Yes No NAPL Presence (Historical and Current) Yes No Dissolved COPC Plumes Yes No Visual Seep Sample Data Yes No Not Applicable

Information related to groundwater investigations was not found in reviewed documents.

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

9.3 Surface Water Surface Water Investigation Yes No SPDES Permit (Current or Past) Yes No Industrial Wastewater Discharge Permit (Current or Past) Yes No Stormwater Data Yes No Catch Basin Solids Data Yes No Wastewater Data Yes No

9.3.1 Stormwater and Wastewater Systems Information regarding on-site stormwater infrastructure and management was not identified in documents available for review. This site is within the Bowery Bay WPCP sewershed. Stormwater and wastewater discharges from the site flow into a combined municipal sewer system. When the combined flows exceed the system’s capacity, untreated CSOs are discharged to Newtown Creek at Outfalls BB-043, BB-014, and BB-013 (NYCDEP 2007).

9.4 Sediment Creek Sediment Data Yes No Not Applicable

Information regarding sediment investigations was not identified in documents available for review.

9.5 Air Air Permit Yes No Air Data Yes No

The site is registered as a state air facility (USEPA FIS No: 2-9902-00084; USEPA 2011), but no permits or air emissions data were found in available site records.

10 REMEDIATION HISTORY (INTERIM REMEDIAL MEASURES AND OTHER CLEANUPS) Information related to remediation was not found in reviewed documents.

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY/INFORMATION SOURCES Buxton et al. (Buxton, H.T., Soren, J., Posner, A., and Shernoff, P.K.), 1981. Reconnaissance of the Groundwater Resources of Kings and Queens Counties, New York. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 81-1186. 1981.

Chamber of Commerce (Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens), 1918. Queensborough, City of New York, Directory, Queens Borough’s Industrial Honor Roll. January and February 1918.

EDR (Environmental Data Resources, Inc.), 2010. EDR DataMapTM Environmental AtlasTM for “Newton Creek Queens, New York,” November 4, 2010.

Misut and Monti (Misut, P.E., and J. Monti, Jr.), 1999. Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Pumpage in Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York. U.S. Geological Survey. Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4071. 1999.

mta.info, 2012. Queens Midtown Tunnel Turns 70. Accessed January 20, 2012. Available from: http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=139

NYCDCP (New York City Department of City Planning), 2012. Zoning, Manufacturing Districts. Accessed February 3, 2012. Available from: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zh_manudistricts.shtml

NYCDEP (New York City Department of Environmental Protection), 2007. Landside Modeling Report. City-Wide Long Term CSO Control Planning Project, Volume 2, Bowery Bay WPCP. Final. New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Engineering Design and Construction. October 2007.

NYSDEC (New York City Department of Environmental Conservation), 2012. Environmental Site Database. Accessed February 29, 2012. Available from: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8437.html

NYT (The New York Times), 1940. $58,000,000 Tunnel to Queens Opened; 3,000 at Ceremony. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: . Page 19. November 16, 1940.

Sanborn (Sanborn Map Company), 1898. Insurance Maps of the Borough of Queens, City of New York. Volume 1: Sheets 16 and 22. 1898.

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Sanborn, 1915. Insurance Maps of the Borough of Queens, City of New York. Volume 1: Sheets 16 and 22. 1915.

Sanborn, 1936. Insurance Maps of Borough of Queens, City of New York. Volume 1: Sheets 16 and 22. Original 1915, revised 1936.

Soren and Simmons (Soren, J. and Simmons, D.L.), 1987. Thickness and Hydrogeology of Aquifers and Confining Units Below the Upper Glacial Aquifer on Long Island, New York. U.S. Geological Survey. Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4175. Scale 1:125,000.

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2011. USEPA Envirofacts Database. Accessed January 11, 2012. Available from: http://iaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_dtl.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=11000 8033476

12 ATTACHMENTS Figures Figure 1 Site Vicinity Map: TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Tables Table 1 Potential Areas of Concern and Transport Pathways Assessment

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TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Table 1 Potential Areas of Concern and Transport Pathways Assessment – TBTA Queens Midtown Tunnel

Potential Areas of Concern Media Impacted COPCs Potential Complete Pathway TPH VOCs

s – –

Range

Range - Range –

–

Sediment

Description of Areas of Concern Surface Soil Subsurface Soil Groundwater Solid Basin Catch Creek Gasoline Diesel Heavier Related Petroleum (e.g., BTEX) VOCs Chlorinated VOCs SVOCs PAHs Phthalates Phenolics Metals PCBs Herbicides and Pesticides Dioxins/Furans Overland Transport Groundwater Direct Discharge Overwater Direct Discharge Storm/Wastewater Discharge to Sewer/CSO Erosion Bank Air Releases Cargo handling, coal chutes, industrial cars, and gray iron ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? castings (circa 1898) Drug manufacturer (circa 1915) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? Second-hand building material and window sash storage (circa ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? 1915 to 1936) Lumber yard and sawmill ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? (circa 1936) Waste generator activities ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? √ ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? USTs and ASTs ? ? ? ? ? √ √ √ √ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ? Spills ? ? √ ? ? √ √ √ √ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -- ? -- -- ? -- ?

Notes: √ – COPCs are/were present in areas of concern having a current or historical pathway that is determined to be complete or potentially complete. ? – There is not enough information to determine if COPC is/was present in area of concern or if pathway is complete. -- – Current or historical pathway has been investigated and shown to be not present or incomplete.

AST – aboveground storage tank SVOC – semi-volatile organic compound BTEX – benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene TPH – total petroleum hydrocarbon COPC – constituent of potential concern UST – underground storage tank CSO – combined sewer overflow VOC – volatile organic compound PAH – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCB – polychlorinated biphenyl

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