DOCSLIB.ORG

Agathosma Betulina) in Elandskloof, South Africa Author(S): Samantha Williams and Thembela Kepe Source: Mountain Research and Development, 28(1):58-64

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Agathosma Betulina) in Elandskloof, South Africa Author(S): Samantha Williams and Thembela Kepe Source: Mountain Research and Development, 28(1):58-64 Discordant Harvest: Debating the Harvesting and Commercialization of Wild Buchu (Agathosma betulina) in Elandskloof, South Africa Author(s): Samantha Williams and Thembela Kepe Source: Mountain Research and Development, 28(1):58-64. 2008. Published By: International Mountain Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0813 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/mrd.0813 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Mountain Research and Development Vol 28 No 1 Feb 2008: 58–64 doi:10.1659/mrd.0813 Samantha Williams and Thembela Kepe Discordant Harvest: Debating the Harvesting and Commercialization of Wild Buchu (Agathosma betulina) 58 in Elandskloof, South Africa Despite the geo- the country’s importance in terms of biodiversity, as graphic and context- well as the escalating commercialization of its flora, bio- specific nature of diversity conservation has taken center stage in the the relationship, the country’s policy and legislative frameworks (Wynberg strong link between 2002; Kepe et al 2004; Benjaminsen et al 2006) as well biodiversity use and as in academic debates dealing with the environment poverty is acknowl- and poverty reduction. However, the debates on this edged worldwide. issue rely mainly on findings in the natural sciences. Biodiversity is seen Social dynamics, particularly within and around areas of as both being nega- high natural resource value, generally receive little or tively affected by, no attention. Yet the scientific findings in these natural and contributing in the fight against, poverty. Agathos- science studies are often translated into policy and leg- ma betulina ( buchu), a plant growing in the Cederberg islation that affect all resource users in question. Addi- Mountains in South Africa, has a global commercial val- tionally, there are few studies on people–environment ue for use in medicine, food and cosmetics. It is also issues in mountain environments compared to other popular among the poor for the significant cash income landscapes in South Africa. it generates for the harvesters. Scientists and conser- The present article uses the case of Agathosma betuli- vationists believe that its commercialization will lead to na (buchu) to contribute to the debate about poverty its extinction. However, these concerns are mainly reduction, commercialization, and conservation of nat- based on scientific studies, with limited perspectives ural resources. Buchu, a plant traditionally used by local from social analyses. This paper presents the case people for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, grows in study of Elandskloof, a mountain communal property the Cederberg Mountains of the Western Cape. The farm occupied by poor people, where buchu harvesting article is based primarily on a case study of Elandskloof is important to local incomes. The paper shows that Farm, whose poor residents communally own a moun- conflicts among community members and between tain area where buchu grows. The case study aims to them and outsiders characterize buchu harvesting. show how local people’s history, income levels, percep- Poverty, the ambiguity of the permit system for harvest- tions about sustainability, and resource tenure issues ing of and trading in buchu, as well as the challenges intertwine to present a challenge to the sustainable har- presented by a common property tenure regime, cur- vesting and trade of Agathosma betulina in the area. rently compromise buchu’s sustainability. The conclu- A brief description of research methods used is fol- sion is that more social studies are needed, in order to lowed by a review of the socioeconomic importance of fully appreciate what is needed to ensure sustainability Agathosma betulina in South Africa. The Elandskloof of a high value natural resource in the midst of poverty. case study, which mainly discusses the social dynamics of local livelihoods as well as buchu harvesting and Keywords: Agathosma betulina ( buchu); natural trade, is presented next. The case study also explores resources; harvesting; commercialization; South Africa. the local dynamics of commercialization of buchu through a cultivation project. The final section presents Peer-reviewed: May 2007 Accepted: August 2007 discussion and conclusions. Methodology Introduction Fieldwork for this study was carried out over 3 months, Rural poverty and commercialization of certain natural between 2004 and 2005. To collect data, 52 of the 85 resources in South Africa are often cited by conserva- households in Elandskloof were surveyed and analysis tionists as indirect causes of environmental degradation was limited to obtaining frequencies on a number of (Sanderson and Redford 2003). On the one hand, over issues, including sources of income, involvement in half of South Africa’s 47 million people live in poverty, buchu trading, amounts harvested, and people’s percep- with almost 70% of these living in rural areas (Aliber tions about sustainability of the buchu industry—includ- 2003). Many poor South Africans are, in addition to ing from biological and economic points of view—to other things, turning to local natural resources to gen- mention a few. Secondly, several meetings, including erate cash (Cousins 1999; Shackleton 2005). On the one-to-one encounters with individual community other hand, as South Africa is the third most biological- members, focus group discussions, and larger commu- ly diverse country in the world, many indigenous plants nity meetings were used to gain information and are now being commercially produced, for both local insights on a range of issues that are not easy to quanti- and export markets (Wynberg 2002). Precisely due to fy. Thirdly, a number of key individuals working for the Research 59 Agricultural Research Council, Elsenburg Agricultural 2000; CapeNature 2006). These practices include College, Western Cape Nature Conservation, and vari- uprooting of the entire plant, poor cutting procedures, ous distillers were interviewed in person or via E-mail and over-harvesting or harvesting at the wrong times of and telephone. Finally, secondary literature—including the year. The other major concern is alleged theft or policy, legislation, and historical documents—was used poaching from private or protected environments of to understand broader contextual issues. buchu by poor people (Hoegler 2000; CapeNature 2004). Socioeconomic importance of Agathosma Even though some of the problems associated with betulina in South Africa the increased commercialization of buchu are socioeco- nomic in nature, arguably the majority of studies under- Agathosma betulina is one of the most prominent endem- taken on this crop in South Africa have focused on the ic plants in South Africa to have global commercial val- technical and biological aspects. For example, for sever- ue. It is endemic to the fairly dry Cederberg Mountains al decades studies have sought to understand the repro- of the Western Cape in South Africa. Agriculture in the ductive aspects (de Ponte 2002), chemical composition Cederberg Mountains is limited by altitude, dry climate, (Kaiser et al 1975; van Beek et al 1996), and the oil and rocky terrain. These unfavorable conditions have, yield of the plant under different growing conditions over time, encouraged significant commercialization of (Worth 2008). While these studies are important, there mountain vegetation, including rooibos tea, protea flow- is evident neglect of the social dynamics of buchu har- ers, and buchu. However, with a large number of endem- vesting and trade by both the wealthy and the poor. ic species, this mountain vegetation is mainly protected, Also relatively absent from the debate is socioeconomic making its commercialization a potentially contested analysis of different stakeholders, especially harvesters issue. who come from disadvantaged backgrounds. Yet a The value of buchu lies in its high oil content, for major undertaking to cultivate buchu as a response to which it is of use in medicine, food, and cosmetics alleged threats is underway in South Africa, and is (van Wyk et al 1997; ICS 2006). South Africa is a key receiving heavy government support as a possible way to supplier of buchu oil to other countries (Coetzee help in the fight against poverty in the areas concerned 1999). About 300 tons of wet buchu are harvested (Coetzee 1999; CapeNature 2004, 2006). The case study annually, with over 250 tons destined for export after of Elandskloof is intended to foster understanding of being distilled into oil (ICS 2006). These figures are socioeconomic issues relating to the buchu trade in based on what is processed by the distillers. While South Africa. there are
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Rutaceae Plant's Essential Oils and Leaf Extracts on Dermatophytic Fungal Cell Morphology
    Effect of Rutaceae plant’s essential oils and leaf extracts on dermatophytic fungal cell morphology: a hope for the development of an effective antifungal from natural origin Submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By OLUFUNKE OMOWUMI FAJINMI Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg May 2016 Pictures sourced from google A healthy, glowing, beautiful skin….the pride of every woman i . Table of Contents STUDENT DECLARATION ................................................................................................... v DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS ....................................................................................... vi COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING & SCIENCE DECLARATION 1- PLAGIARISM ........ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. viii COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING & SCIENCE DECLARATION 2- PUBLICATIONS ....... x LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ xiv ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Riparian Vegetation of the Hottentots Holland Mountains, SW Cape
    The riparian vegetation of the Hottentots Holland Mountains, SW Cape By E.J.J. Sieben Dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch Promoter: Dr. C. Boucher December 2000 Declaration I the undersigned, hereby declare that the work in this dissertation is my own original work and has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted at any University for a degree. Signature Date Aan mijn ouders i Summary Riparian vegetation has received a lot of attention in South Africa recently, mainly because of its importance in bank stabilization and its influence on flood regimes and water conservation. The upper reaches have thus far received the least of this attention because of their inaccessibility. This study mainly focuses on these reaches where riparian vegetation is still mostly in a pristine state. The study area chosen for this purpose is the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the Southwestern Cape, the area with the highest rainfall in the Cape Floristic Region, which is very rich in species. Five rivers originate in this area and the vegetation described around them covers a large range of habitats, from high to low altitude, with different geological substrates and different rainfall regimes. All of these rivers are heavily disturbed in their lower reaches but are still relatively pristine in their upper reaches. All of them are dammed in at least one place, except for the Lourens River. An Interbasin Transfer Scheme connects the Eerste-, Berg- and Riviersonderend Rivers. The water of this scheme is stored mainly in Theewaterskloof Dam.
    [Show full text]
  • Agathosma Betulina Herba
    AGATHOSMA BETULINA HERBA Definition Agathosma Betulina Herba consists of the fresh or dried leaves and smaller stalks of Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans (Rutaceae). Synonyms Barosma betulina Bartl. and Wendl. f. Hartogia betulina Berg. Vernacular names Figure 1a: Live plant boegoe, bergboegoe (A), buchu (San); round leaf buchu Description Macroscopical 1, 2 Evergreen, multi-stemmed, perennial resprouting woody shrub to 1m in height, with glabrous yellow to red-brown stems; leaves alternate to opposite, 14-25 × 6- Figure 1b: Dried leaf 14mm, broadly elliptic to nearly round (average length:breadth ratio 1.95), with rounded and recurved apex; glabrous with prominent main and subsidiary veins on abaxial surface; gland dotted on underside; margin serrate with an oil gland at the base of each serration; flowers (June-Nov) axillary, usually solitary, up to 20mm in diameter, white to pale purple-pink, borne on slender stalks ±7mm long. Figure 2: line drawing 1 Pillans, N. (1950). A revision of the genus Agathosma (Rutaceae). Journal of South African Botany 16: 55-117. 2 Spreeth, A.D. (1976). ʼn Hersiening van die Agathosma-species van kommersiële belang (A revision of the commercially important Agathosma species). Journal of South African Botany 42(2): 109-119. Microscopical 3 Crude drug Collected as required or available in the marketplace as bundles of leafy twigs with light yellow-green, highly aromatic foliage; texture soft when fresh, leathery when dry; occasional flowers may be present. BPC quality buchu leaf is freely available in pharmacies in South Africa and unstandardised leaf in supermarkets. Geographical distribution Sandy mountain slopes of the Western Cape Province, in the Calvinia, Cedarberg, Tulbagh, Ceres and Piketberg districts, at altitudes of 300-700m above sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • OVERVIEW of WORLD PRODUCTION and MARKETING of ORGANIC WILD COLLECTED PRODUCTS Monograph ______
    TECHNICAL PAPER OVERVIEW OF WORLD PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF ORGANIC WILD COLLECTED PRODUCTS Monograph __________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES ID=38911 2007 SITC OVE International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO Overview of World Production and Marketing of Organic Wild Collected Products. Geneva: ITC, 2007. vi, 91 p. Doc. No. MDS-07-139.E Study aiming to provide information on the worldwide production of and markets for organic wild collected products - discusses terminology used in wild collection; presents an overview of organic and other standards that relate to wild collection; provides data and background information about collection and marketing of certified organic wild collected products; includes selected case studies: Devil’s claw from Southern Africa, Argan oil from Morocco, wild grown medicinal and aromatic plants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and seaweed from North-America. Descriptors: Organic Products, Plant products, Medicinal plants, Aquatic plants, Standards, Market Surveys. EN International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (http://www.intracen.org) ___________________________________________________________________________ The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of names of firms/institutions/associations does not imply the endorsement of ITC. This technical paper has not been formally edited by the International Trade Centre UCTAD/WTO (ITC) ITC encourages the reprinting and translation of its publications to achieve wider dissemination.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of South Africa: a Review
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Chemistry Volume 2013, Article ID 205048, 16 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/205048 Review Article Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of South Africa: A Review R. A. Street,1 and G. Prinsloo2 1 Traditional Medicine Laboratory, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa 2 Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to R. A. Street; [email protected] Received 12 October 2012; Accepted 7 November 2012 Academic Editor: A. Hamid A. Hadi Copyright © 2013 R. A. Street and G. Prinsloo. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ere is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80 of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. e opportunity for bioprospecting% of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. is paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. �raditional uses, scienti�c validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Association of Botanists
    South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(2): 224–268 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Conference Abstracts South African Association of Botanists Abstracts of papers and posters presented at the 29th Annual Congress of the South African Association of Botanists and the International Society for Ethnopharmacology held at the University of Pretoria, 8–11 January 2003 The presenter of multi-authored papers is underlined $ Awards made to students Plenary Lectures ability of immense biological resources in Africa have provided a feasible platform for the establishment of a ‘biology-industrial pro- Ethnopharmacology as source of new drug paradigms: gramme’, which focuses on biodiscovery. In this approach, biodi- the case of an Amazonian ‘brain tonic’ versity functions not as raw materials or industrial feedstock but more importantly as an informational input to research development EE Elisabetsky1,3, IR Siqueira2,3, AL Silva1,4, DS Nunes5 and CA processes. Biodiscovery is an inclusive term to describe the collec- Netto2,3 tion of biological resources for the identification of valuable molecu- 1 Laboratório de Etnofarmacologia, Deptamento de Farmacologia, lar or genetic information about those biological resources and to Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 5072, 90041-970, Porto utilise that information in the development of bio-products. Africa Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil possesses a unique advantage in the development of plant genetic 2 Deptamento de Bioquímica e PPGs, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande materials into consumer goods because of the long history and do Sul, CP 5072, 90041-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil widespread use of traditional medicine in the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Botany in the Treatment of HIV and AIDS
    Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Honors Senior Theses/Projects Student Scholarship 8-1-2014 Medical Botany in the Treatment of HIV and AIDS Carolee Buck Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/honors_theses Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Buck, Carolee, "Medical Botany in the Treatment of HIV and AIDS" (2014). Honors Senior Theses/Projects. 20. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/honors_theses/20 This Undergraduate Honors Thesis/Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Senior Theses/Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Medical Botany in the Treatment of HIV and AIDS By Carolee Buck An Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Western Oregon University Honors Program Dr. Bryan Dutton, Thesis Advisor Dr. Gavin Keulks, Honors Program Director Western Oregon University August 2014 For Oupa Chris, thank you for cultivating my love of plants. i Acknowledgements There are many people to thank for the success of this thesis. First and foremost, this thesis would not be half of what it is now without the support and guidance of my advisor Dr. Bryan Dutton. Dr. Dutton, it has been a long journey, and your encouragement, knowledge, and dedication have made all the difference. My sincerest thanks to you. Thanks are also in order to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Buchu Oil Its Characteristic Blackcurrant What's in a Name? Smell and Flavour but the Profiles Differ Between Species
    give buchu oil its characteristic blackcurrant what'S IN A NAME? smell and flavour but the profiles differ between species. The possibly toxic pulegone Botanical names: The three buchu species harvested commercially from the wild are Agathosma betulina, A. crenulata is found in high concentrations (50%) in and A. serratifolia. Agathosma is derived from the Greek agathos (good) and osme (scent), referring to the fragrance of A. crenulata, giving its oil a sharp smell. Pulegone its leaves. is only minimally present in A. betulina (less Family name: Rutaceae, the citrus family, many of whose members have leaves with conspicuous oil glands and a sharp than 3%), the favoured choice for the local lemon-like scent when crushed. and export food, medicinal and bottled water Common names: A. betulina: Buchu (Khoi), Round-leaf Buchu (Eng.), iBuchu (Xhosa), Rondeblaarboegoe, Bergboegoe flavour markets. Pharmacological analysis of (Afr.). A crenulata: Oval-leaf Buchu (Eng.), Anysboegoe (Afr.). A serratifolia: Long-leaf Buchu (Eng.), Kloofboegoe (Afr.). the essential oil and extracts show weak anti- European herbal books often still refer to buchu species under the old generic synonym Barosma. They distinguish between Short Buchu, or ‘shorts’ (A. betulina), Oval Buchu, or ‘ovals’ or ‘shortbroads’ (A. crenulata) and Long Buchu, or microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and ‘longs’ (A. serratifolia). anti-spasmodic activity. Buchu is also popularly available as a tonic and digestive tea, and a brandy tincture developed by early Dutch colonists, ‘boegoebrandewyn’ is still taken for An easy guide to growing buchu many conditions. Commercial exploitation ENVIRONMENT Since demand for dried buchu leaves and ACTIVITY REQUIRED FOR TREATMENT TIME REMARKS SUCCESS the steam-distilled oil extract far outstrips production, sustainable commercialization Harvest Fruit or seed Seed can be stored in a brown Seed ripens The seeds collected from fully ripe seed capsules develop paper bag in a ventilated area.
    [Show full text]
  • An Emergent Ethnomedicine: Rastafari Bush Doctors in the Western Cape, South Africa
    An Emergent Ethnomedicine: Rastafari Bush Doctors in the Western Cape, South Africa Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Philander, Lisa Erin Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 05:55:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194334 AN EMERGENT ETHNOMEDICINE: RASTAFARI BUSH DOCTORS IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA By Lisa Philander Copyright ©Lisa Philander 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN ARID LANDS RESOURCE SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Practice Inquiry Project Committee, we certify that we have read the practice inquiry project report prepared by Lisa Philander entitled “An Emergent Ethnomedicine: Rastafari Bush Doctors in the Western Cape, South Africa” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________Date: August 27, 2010 Paul Robbins-Professor and Head, School of Geography and Development _______________________________________________Date: August
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Effects of Agathosma (Buchu) Extracts
    Edited by: Barbara Huisamen Medicinal Effects of Agathosma (Buchu) Extracts Medicinal Effects of Agathosma (Buchu) Extracts Published by AOSIS (Pty) Ltd, 15 Oxford Street, Durbanville 7550, Cape Town, South Africa Postnet Suite #110, Private Bag X19, Durbanville 7551, South Africa Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.aosis.co.za Copyright © Barbara Huisamen (ed.). Licensee: AOSIS (Pty) Ltd The moral right of the author has been asserted. Cover image: Original photograph used on cover by Karin McCann Managing Director of Cape Kingdom Nutraceuticals. All rights reserved. No unauthorized duplication allowed. Published in 2019 Impression: 1 ISBN: 978-1-928396-81-9 (print) ISBN: 978-1-928396-47-5 (ebook) ISBN: 978-1-928396-82-6 (pdf) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2019.BK84 How to cite this work: Huisamen, B. (ed.), 2019, Medicinal Effects of Agathosma (Buchu) Extracts, pp. i–108, AOSIS, Cape Town. Printed and bound in South Africa. Listed in OAPEN (http://www.oapen.org), DOAB (http://www.doabooks.org/) and indexed by Google Scholar. Some rights reserved. This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), a copy of which is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/. Enquiries outside the terms of the Creative Commons licence should be sent to the Rights Department, AOSIS, at the above address or to [email protected] The publisher accepts no responsibility for any statement made or opinion expressed in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Buchu (Agathosma Betulina & Agathosma Crenulata) Cultivation in Livelihoods and Conservation
    THE ROLE OF BUCHU (Agathosma betulina & Agathosma crenulata) CULTIVATION IN LIVELIHOODS AND CONSERVATION Claudette Muller Universitymllcla013 of Cape Town A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Environment, Society and Sustainability Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town 2015 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, thank you to my supervisor, Associate Professor Rachel Wynberg, for her indispensable guidance, immense knowledge and useful critiques throughout the research process. This research would not have been possible without the willing participation of each respondent who offered his or her time to provide valuable insights into the buchu trade. I gratefully acknowledge the residents of Algeria, Elandskloof, Heuningvlei and Genadenberg who welcomed me into their communities and voluntarily shared their experiences. Equally important is the contribution of members of industry, commercial buchu farmers and key informants who are thanked for their valued input. I wish to offer special thanks to Andries Titus from the Cederberg Local Municipality, Kobie Hanekom of Algeria, Dalene van der Westhuizen of Heuningvlei and Roger Chennells for their assistance in setting up interviews. Administrative assistance provided by Fahdelah Hartley and help with graphical content from Adina Israel is also greatly appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • MONOGRAPHIE HUILE ESSENTIELLE Agathosma Betulina
    HE - Agathosma betulina MONOGRAPHIE HUILE ESSENTIELLE Agathosma betulina Autres désignations botaniques Barosma betulina Désignations vernaculaires Buchu, Bucco, Buchu à feuilles rondes, Buchu court, Buchu rond Désignation anglaise Buchu leaf Partie extraite Feuilles Origines courantes Afrique du Sud Classification botanique Règne : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Classe : Magnoliopsida Ordre : Sapindales Famille : Rutaceae Genre : Agathosma Habitat et description botanique Le Buchu est un petit arbuste vivace de la famille des Rutacées qui peut atteindre 1 m de hauteur. Ses racines ont la particularité d'être plaquées aux rochers pour en récupérer l'humidité. La tige, dressée, brune ou grisâtre, se divise en rameaux portant des feuilles alternes, pétiolées, rondes, crénelées, vert clair, un peu luisantes.Ses feuilles persistantes arrondies sont très aromatiques du fait de la présence de nombreuses poches à essence formant des points translucides sur le limbe à la lumière. Ses fleurs en forme d'étoile sont blanches, roses ou violettes. Le fruit est une capsule ovale. Il apprécie les terres de bruyère. Page 1 sur 4 - Monographie Agathosma betulina - version 200515 Reproduction interdite. Les informations ci-dessus appartiennent à la sarl Myrtéa Formations. Les informations proposées dans l'Aromathèque Myrtéa formations sont synthétisées notamment à partir de livres de référence et ne doivent en aucun cas se substituer à un avis médical ou servir d'outil de diagnostique. MYRTÉA FORMATIONS 4, impasse des Martres - Berzet - 63122 SAINT GENÈS CHAMPANELLE - Tél. : 04 73 87 03 23 - Fax : 04 73 87 03 24 [email protected] - www.myrtea-formations.com HE - Agathosma betulina Mythologie / histoire / anecdotes et vertus traditionnelles Originaire d'Afrique du Sud, il pousse dans les montagnes de la province du Cap.
    [Show full text]