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The Coherent Pattern of Leadership Reflected in the Unique Attributes Of Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Karakey, Gustavo Martin (2018) The coherent pattern of leadership reflected in the unique attributes of the shepherd / flock motif within the Miletus Speech (Acts 20:17–38), 1 Peter 5:1–11, and John 21:15–19. PhD thesis, Middlesex University / London School of Theology. [Thesis] Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/26485/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. 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See also repository copyright: re-use policy: http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/policies.html#copy THE COHERENT PATTERN OF LEADERSHIP REFLECTED IN THE UNIQUE ATTRIBUTES OF THE SHEPHERD / FLOCK MOTIF WITHIN THE MILETUS SPEECH (ACTS 20:17–38), 1 PETER 5:1–11, AND JOHN 21:15–19 A thesIs submItted to MIddlesex UniversIty in partIal fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Gustavo MartIn Karakey MIddlesex UniversIty Supervised at the London School of Theology September 2018 Abstract The princIple aIm of this study is to discern how the MIletus Speech (Acts 20:17–38), Peter’s exhortatIon to the elders (1 Peter 5:1–11) and Jesus’ post-resurrectIon discourse wIth Peter (John 21:15–19) utIlIzed the shepherd / flock motIf to arrive at theIr common portraIt of early church leadership. A secondary aIm is to describe the characteristIc elements of this common portraIt. Research on the shepherd / flock motIf in the above passages has focused on three maIn lInes of inquiry: 1) the OT antecedents for this leadership metaphor; 2) the lIterary use of the shepherd image in one or more of the gospels; 3) the lIterary use of the shepherd / flock motIf wIthin each work. There remaIns a need for an in-depth comparison of these three works. SpecIfically, can we identIfy a coherent pattern of leadership usIng the shepherd / flock motIf that transcends each work? What does this pattern reveal about the way the early church understood various aspects of leadership? How do often neglected topics lIke the relatIonship between the shepherd / elder / bishop termInology (in two of our passages) and the importance of “the flock” fit into the early church’s larger leadership conceptIon? This thesIs analyzes the appropriatIon of the shepherd / flock motIf in the MIletus Speech (Acts 20:17–38), 1 Peter 5:1–11 and John 21:15–19 and argues that they are the culmInatIng statements in a coherent pattern of sustaIned biblIcal reflectIon on early ChristIan leadership. Furthermore, this coherent pattern was conscIously transmItted to the nascent ChristIan communitIes via the shepherd / flock motIf and Is rooted in five unique attributes of this motIf: 1) a connectIon to important events in biblIcal salvatIon history where shepherd leaders are promInent; 2) the connectIon to Jesus’ mInistry as both suffering shepherd and sacrificIal lamb, which becomes the ultImate example of ChristIan leadership; 3) the Importance of the people of God, “the flock”, to the conceptIon of early church leadership; 4) the predatory language of the metaphor which speaks to the vulnerabilIty of God’s people and the need to protect them from spiritual attacks; 5) specIfic responsIbilItIes for church leaders that are Inherent to the shepherd / flock motIf. II Abbreviations1 AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D.N. Freedman. 6 vols. New York, 1992. AEL Ancient Egyptian Literature. M. LIchtheIm. 3 vols. Berkeley, 1971–1980. AJPS Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies ANE AncIent Near East ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Edited by J. B. Pritchard. 3d ed. Princeton, 1969. ANTC Abingdon New Testament Commentaries ApOTC Apollos Old Testament Commentary ARE Ancient Records of Egypt. Edited by J. H. Breasted. 5 vols. Chicago, 2001. AYBC Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries BDAG Bauer, W., F.W. Danker, W.F. W.F. Arndt, and F.W. GIngrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago, 2000. BDB Brown, F., S.R. Driver, and C.A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Peabody, 1957. BECNT Baker ExegetIcal Commentary BI BiblIcal InterpretatIon BTCB Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible BTM Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature. B. Foster. Bethesda, 2005. BS Bibliotheca sacra CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly 1 The abbrevIatIons cIted In thIs study IncludIng cItatIons of prImary sources are taken from BillIe Jean CollIns, Bob Buller, and John Kutsko, eds., The SBL Handbook of Style: For Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014). III CC Concordia Commentary COS Context of Scripture: Canonical Compositions, Monumental Inscriptions, Archival Documents from the Biblical World - Volume I, II, and III. Edited by WIllIam Hallo and K. Lawson Younger. Brill, 2003. CJ Concordia Journal CurTM Currents in Theology and Mission EBC ExposItor’s Bible Commentary ERT Evangelical Review of Theology ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses HTR Harvard Theological Review ICC InternatIonal CritIcal Commentary IECOT InternatIonal ExegetIcal Commentary on the Old Testament INAN The Inscriptions of Nabopolassar, Amel-Marduk and Neriglissar. R.D. Riva. Boston, 2013. JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JLR Journal of Law and Religion JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies K&D KIel, C.F., and F. DelItzch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. Translated by J. MartIn et al. 25 vols. Edinburgh, 1857–1878. Reprint, 10 vols., Peabody, 1996. iv MFM Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh and Others. Stephanie Dalley. Oxford, 1989. NAC New AmerIcan Commentary NCB New Century Bible NERT Near Eastern Religious Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Edited by W. BeyerlIn. Philadelphia, 1978. NICNT New InternatIonal Commentary on the New Testament NICOT New InternatIonal Commentary on the Old Testament NIDNTT New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Edited by C. Brown. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, 1975–1985. NIDOTTE New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Edited by W.A. Vangemeren. 5 vols. Grand Rapids, 1997. NIGTC New InternatIonal Greek Testament Commentary NovT Novum Testamentum NTC New Testament Commentary NTS New Testament Studies OTL Old Testament LIbrary OTP Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Edited by J.H. Charlesworth. 2 vols. New York, 1983. PNTC PIllar New Testament Commentary RIMA The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia - Assyrian Period. 3 vols. A. K. Grayson, Toronto, 1987–1996. SBL Society of Biblical Literature SP Sacra pagina SJT Scottish Journal of Theology ST Studia theologica v SWJT Southwestern Journal of Theology TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich. Translated by G.W. BromIley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids, 1964–1976. TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Edited by G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren. Translated by J.T. WIllIs, G.W. BromIley, and D.E. Green. 15 vols. Grand Rapids, 1974–2006. THNTC Two Horizons New Testament Commentary THTO The Harps That Once...Sumerian Poetry in Translation. Thorkild Jacobsen. New Haven, 1987. TB Tyndale Bulletin TOTC Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries WBC Word BiblIcal Commentary ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche vi Acknowledgements WritIng a doctoral dissertatIon has been a fulfillIng endeavor, both personally and academIcally and one in which many people made important contributIons. I feel both privileged and grateful for the academIc, intellectual and emotIonal support I have receIved from so many people throughout this journey. I want to thank Dr. AIda Besançon Spencer and the Africanus Guild at Gordon-Conwell Theological SemInary for giving me the opportunity to complete my studies in a doctoral mentorship program. I receIved helpful oversIght
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