La Liberazione Della Bulgaria E Lo Scultore

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

La Liberazione Della Bulgaria E Lo Scultore Пенка Шопова Penka Shopova Радослав Спасов Radoslav Spasov БЪЛГАРСКОТО LA LIBERAZIONE ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕ DELLA BULGARIA И ИТАЛИАНСКИЯТ E LO SCULTORE СКУЛПТОР ITALIANO АРНАЛДО ДЗОКИ ARNALDO ZOCCHI The Bulgarian Liberation and the Italian Sculptor Arnaldo Zocchi Издателство „Парадигма“ Casa editrice “Paradigma” София, 2019 Sofia 2019 Изданието е реализирано с финансовата подкрепа на Посолството на Италия в София по случай 140 години дипломатически отношения между Италия и България Questa edizione è stata realizzata con il supporto dell’Ambasciata d’Italia in Sofia in occasione dei 140 anni di relazioni diplomatiche fra Italia e Bulgaria The edition was released with the financial support of the Embassy of Italy in Bulgaria on the occasion of 140 years of diplomatic relations between Italy and Bulgaria © Пенка Шопова, Радослав Спасов – автори © Алфонсо Лондеро – преводач на италиански език © Милена Парашкевова – преводач на английски език © Пенка Шопова, Радослав Спасов – снимки © Издателство „Парадигма“, 2019 © Autori: Penka Shopova, Radoslav Spasov © Traduzione italiana: Alfonso Londero © Traduzione inglese: Milena Parashkevova © Fotografie: Penka Shopova, Radoslav Spasov © Casa editrice “Paradigma”, 2019 © Penka Shopova, Radoslav Spasov 2019 © Italian translation: Alfonso Londero © English translation: Miglena Parashkevova © Photo by Penka Shopova, Radoslav Spasov © Paradigma Ltd. 2019 ISBN 978-954-326-404-9 2 3 СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ INDICE ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ ............................... 5 INTRODUZIONE ......................... 5 УВОД INTRODUZIONE Духът на свободата, Lo spirito di libertà, l’artista творецът и народът ............... 9 e il popolo ..................................... 9 ПЪРВА ГЛАВА CAPITOLO PRIMO Въодушевлението от L’entusiasmo per la libertà свободата на един изстрадал, del vessato ma fiero popolo но горд български народ ........ 11 bulgaro ....................................... 11 Град СЕВЛИЕВО ...................... 11 Città di SEVLIEVO .................... 11 Град СОФИЯ .............................. 15 Città di SOFIA ............................ 15 Град ОРЯХОВО ......................... 29 Città di ORJAHOVO ................... 29 Град РУСЕ .................................. 31 Città di RUSE ............................. 31 ВТОРА ГЛАВА CAPITOLO SECONDO По следите на дивния Sulle tracce dello splendido флорентинец в Италия ......... 35 fiorentino in Italia ..................... 35 Град КАПРЕЗЕ Città di МИКЕЛАНДЖЕЛО ................. 35 CAPRESE MICHELANGELO .. 35 Град ФЛОРЕНЦИЯ – родно Città di FIRENZE, luogo nativo място и семейна среда ............. 37 e ambiente familiare .................... 37 Град САРТЕАНО ...................... 40 Città di SARTEANO ................... 40 Град АЛТАМУРА ...................... 43 Città di ALTAMURA.................. 43 Град РИМ ................................... 45 Città di ROMA ............................ 45 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ CONCLUSIONE Паметниците – спътници I monumenti, compagni di viaggio в паметта на поколенията .. 49 nella memoria delle generazioni . 49 2 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Spirit of Freedom, the Artist and the People .................................51 CHAPTER ONE The Exaltation of the Long-suffering yet Proud Bulgarian Nation Brought by Freedom ................................................................................52 Town of SEVLIEVO ..................................................................................52 SOFIA city .................................................................................................53 Town of ORYAHOVO ................................................................................58 Town of ROUSSE .....................................................................................59 CHAPTER TWO Places of the Fabulous Florentine in Italy ..............................................61 Town of CAPRESE MICHELANGELO ..................................................61 City of FLORENCE – the Birth Place and the Family ..............................61 Town of SARTEANO ................................................................................62 Town of ALTAMURA ...............................................................................63 City of Rome ..............................................................................................63 AFTERWORD Monuments as Satellites in the Memories of Generations ...................64 4 5 ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ INTRODUZIONE 140-те години дипломатически I 140 anni di relazioni diplomati- отношения между Италия и Бълга- che fra Italia e Bulgaria che si sono рия, които честваме през 2019 г., са celebrati nel 2019 sono un’efficace ефективно измерение на дългите и misura dei lunghi e fruttuosi rappor- плодотворни отношения, съществу- ti esistenti fra i due Paesi. Ma i rap- ващи между двете страни. Но освен porti sono fatti di persone oltre che от събития, отношенията се изграж- di avvenimenti. Per questo una parte дат от личности. Затова част от dell’impegno che l’Ambasciata d’I- дейността на Посолството на Ита- talia a Sofia ha profuso nel celebrare лия в София, посветена на чества- questo importante anniversario è sta- нето на тази важна годишнина, се ta dedicata proprio ad alcuni italiani съсредоточи върху някои италианци, che hanno lasciato importanti tracce оставили запомняща се следа в Бълга- in Bulgaria. Si tratta, in alcuni casi, рия. В някои случаи става дума за име- di nomi poco conosciuti al pubblico, на, които не са толкова известни на ma che hanno dato un contributo im- обществото, но са дали значителен portante, sia esso politico, artistico o принос – политически, художествен economico, al Paese. или икономически – за страната. Сред тези имена естествено не Fra questi italiani non mancano липсват артистите. Между тях е naturalmente gli artisti. Tra questi, скулпторът Арналдо Дзоки (Флорен- lo scultore Arnaldo Zocchi (Firenze, ция, 1862 г. – Рим, 1940 г.) – основ- 1862 - Roma, 1940), che è il protagoni- но действащо лице на проучването, sta di questo studio condotto da Penka дело на Пенка Шопова и Радослав Shopova e Radoslav Spasov, è uno dei Спасов, и един от най-изявените principali esponenti per la qualità e la представители предвид качеството quantità del lavoro da lui svolto in Bul- и количеството на създадените от garia. него произведения в България. Арналдо Дзоки работи много ак- Arnaldo Zocchi è stato molto atti- тивно от началото на ХХ век, както vo sia in Italia che in Bulgaria a parti- в Италия, така и в България. В тази re dall’inizio del XX secolo. In questo оригинална книга двамата автори originale studio i due autori ripercor- пресъздават историята на скулпто- rono la storia dello scultore attraverso ра чрез многобройните паметници, i numerosi monumenti eretti a comme- 4 5 издигнати в чест на важни поли- morazione di grandi eventi politici si- тически събития, знаменателни на gnificativi a livello nazionale sia per il национално ниво, както за италиан- popolo italiano che per quello bulgaro. ския, така и за българския народ. Без съмнение най-важното и из- Certamente l’opera più rilevante e вестно произведение на Дзоки в Бъл- famosa di Zocchi in Bulgaria è il Com- гария е паметникът Цар Освободи- plesso Monumentale dedicato al Re Li- тел (Александър ІІ) на централния beratore (Alessandro II), situato nella площад пред Народното събрание piazza centrale davanti all’Assemblea в столицата София, тържествeно Nazionale della capitale Sofia che fu открит на 30 август 1907 г. Произ- inaugurato il 30 agosto 1907. È un’o- ведение с богата история, включва- pera che ha una ricca storia con alcune ща и някои любопитни факти, която curiosità che viene puntualmente de- е описана прецизно в книгата, като scritta nel libro e che in qualche modo по някакъв начин отразява въжделе- riflette le aspirazioni e le complessità нията и сложността на България от della Bulgaria del tempo. онова време. Важни произведения на италиан- Importanti opere dello scultore ita- ския скулптор има и в други българ- liano sono presenti anche in altre città ски градове, като Русе – където е из- bulgare come Ruse, dove realizzò la ваял „Крилата победа“, Севлиево – “Vittoria alata”, Sevlievo, la città na- родния град на българския скулптор tale del grande scultore bulgaro Asen Асен Пейков, приятел на Дзоки, и Peikov amico di Zocchi, e Orjahovo, Оряхово – паметници, станали ос- con monumenti che sono diventati новен елемент от тяхната градска punti di riferimento nell’arredo urba- среда. Авторите ни запознават не no dei centri interessati. Gli autori ne само с техническите и художестве- raccontano non solo le caratteristiche ни характеристики на творбите, но tecniche ed artistiche, ma soprattutto le преди всичко със събитията, свър- vicende legate alla loro realizzazione, зани с тяхното изпълнение, винаги sempre strettamente legate con le real- тясно свързани с местната дейст- tà locali. вителност. В книгата се описват накратко и Nel libro vengono anche brevemente основните произведения, създадени от descritte le principali opere realizza- артиста в Италия, в градове имащи te dall’artista in Italia, in alcuni centri специално значение за Дзоки. Сред тях che hanno un particolare significato per са Флоренция, Капрезе Микеланджело, Zocchi. Tra questi la natia Firenze, Ca- 6 7 Сартеано, Алтамура и Рим, където е prese Michelangelo, Sarteano, Altamu- изваял една от крилатите победи на ra e Roma, dove egli realizzò una delle монументалния комплекс „Виториа- vittorie alate del Vittoriano. но“ в чест на Виктор Емануил ІІ. Надявам се, че това издание ще Spero che questo studio possa favo- запознае по-добре читателя
Recommended publications
  • L O Cal a Ctio N P Lan C Ity O F V Arn A
    City of VARNA - BULGARIA CITY WITH THE BEST LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE BLACK SEA REGION URBACTII 2011 July Plan Action Local of Varna City City of Varna overview Index Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Synopsis........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 The URBACT II Programme ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 The city of VARNA ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 The Local Action Plan ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Basic description of LAP intervention area ................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 The focus area .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Building Is a Creation of Arch. Nikola Lazarov. Architect Nikola
    I. Architectural and Cultural Value: The building is a creation of arch. Nikola Lazarov. Architect Nikola Lazarov is one of the most renowned architects in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century in the Republic of Bulgaria. He was born on the 1st of April 1870 in the town of Karlovo. Son of the enlightened Ivan Lazarov from the town of Karlovo. Architect Nikola Lazarov graduated with honors "ECOIE Speziale Architekture" in Paris. Some of his best known projects in Bulgaria include: - Stoyan Bachvarov Drama Theatre in the city of Varna; - The house of Petko Bakardzhiev next to the entrance of the Sea Garden in the city of Varna; - University of Economics - Varna; - The Library in Ruse; - The building of the Ministry of Agriculture in the city of Sofia; - Central Military Club in the city of Sofia; - The main building of the Vrania Palace. - Together with architect Hermann Mayer he did the final works on the Euxinograd palace in Varna For more information see Appendix 1 After the restoration of the building performed by Prima 2000 OOD from 2006 until 2010, the building has been declared the most beautiful cultural monument among the vast number of monuments in the city of Varna – Bratya Shkorpil Str. The building is shown to architecture students as an example of best carried out restoration in the city of Varna. In historical perspective the building has been THE FIRST PRIVATE PHARMACY in the city of Varna, as well as PULMONARY DISEASES CLINIC, due to its outstanding location and sunny east and south façade.
    [Show full text]
  • Как София Се Превръщаше В Европейски Град How Sofia Was
    1 КАК СОФИЯ HOW SOFIA WAS 140 години СЕ ПРЕВРЪЩАШЕ TRANSFORMING от встъпването в длъжност В ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ INTO AN EUROPEAN на първия ГРАД CITY градски архитект на София АНТОНИН ВАЦЛАВ КОЛАР 140 years since the appointment of the first City Architect of Sofia БЪЛГАРСКА БАНКА ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ ANTONIN BULGARIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK VÁCLAV 2018 KOLAR HOW SOFIA WAS TRANSFORMING INTO AN EUROPEAN CITY 2 реди 140 години, през май 1878 г., на основание „Удобрение на надлъжната власт“, Градският Съвет съобщава на чеха Антонин В. Колар, че е избран за длъжността „градский архитектор“. Няколко месеца след Освобождението, на мястото на бъдещата българска столица, той заварва едно изостанало Пориенталско селище с около 3000 къщи, 20 джамии и десетина хана, сбутани около непроходими от кал улички без канализация, водопровод и осветление. С делото на А. Колар, който създава първия й градоустройствен план, започва историята на евро- пейска София. Само за няколко десетилетия, благодарение на труда и таланта на плеяда европей- ски, а по-късно и български архитекти и инженери, тя напълно се променя. Наред с всичките си останали задължения, Антонин Колар проектира и първите публични сгради и обществени пространства: Военното министерство и Военното училище, Градската градина, Грандхотел „България“, Паметника на Васил Левски, Централна- та гара, Офицерския клуб. Те се превръщат в средище на важни обществени събития и прояви, в място за срещи, на които се взимат исторически решения и се раждат идеи за бъдещето. Това издание разказва за тези емблематични за столицата ни места като наше общо на- следство и е част от кампанията на Българската банка за развитие по повод 140-ата го- дишнина от встъпването в длъжност на Антонин Колар като първия градски архитект на София.
    [Show full text]
  • AIM Collection 2012
    AIM Collection 2012 www.followoursun.com Dear Partner, 2011 was the year of consolidating our new DMC Division and developing specific products and programs in each of our destinations according to our clients’ requests. There is still a lot to achieve and we are growing with our clients’ demands. Launched at Imex 2012 “Follow our sun” is therefore an energetic and optimistic slogan chosen to invite you on board – in order to create shiny events together. The 2012 collection opens the doors to 13 fabulous venues in our destinations available for you and your clients to celebrate elegant gala dinners, fancy parties or festive award ceremonies. AIM Group will take care of the logistics down to the most personalized detail to create unique and memorable evenings. We look forward to organizing Yours in 2012! Sincerely, DMC Team AIM GROUP International A Fabulous Evening in... Dance a Viennese Dream at Austria PALAIS LIECHTENSTEIN w ww.fol lowour sun.com VIENNA Dance a Dream This Garden Palace in Vienna’s Rossau district was constructed during the reign of Prince Johann Adam Andreas I of Liechtenstein (1657-1712), who was one of the greatest builders of his day. The perfect baroque cosmos created by Prince Johann Adam Andreas I underwent g extensive changes at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1939, the princely family took up residence in Vaduz and also moved its art treasures n i there, Vienna was thus no longer a location for the Princely Collections, and a new use had to be found for the palace.
    [Show full text]
  • Embajada De España En Bulgaria 1 2 3 Tras Los Pasos De Un Diplomático Español En Sofia: Julio Palencia
    EN BULGARIA EN AÑA ESP DE DA JA BA EM EMBAJADA DE ESPAÑA EN BULGARIA 1 2 3 TRAS LOS PASOS DE UN DIPLOMÁTICO ESPAÑOL EN SOFIA: JULIO PALENCIA. UNA RUTA DE LOS LUGARES Y MEMORIA DE LAS RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS ENTRE ESPAÑA Y BULGARIA. A lo largo de esta ruta visitaremos lugares vinculados a la historia de las relaciones diplomáticas entre España y Bulgaria, desde que estas se iniciaron en el año 1910. Podremos El 8 de mayo de 2020 se cumplieron 110 años del establecimiento de relaciones ver los diferentes edificios donde se han ubicado las oficinas de la Embajada de España, diplomáticas entre España y Bulgaria. En la ceremonia de entrega de cartas credenciales ligados a los diplomáticos españoles destinados en Sofía en el transcurso de los años. Entre del primer Embajador de España en Sofía, el Zar Fernando I de Bulgaria declaró que estaba ellos, se rinde homenaje al que da nombre a esta ruta, Julio Palencia y Álvarez-Tubau, por “deseoso de que las relaciones cordiales que felizmente existían entre las dos Penínsulas su labor en favor y defensa de la comunidad sefardita entre 1940 y 1943. que cerraban Europa fueran cada vez más íntimas y extensas”. El deseo del Zar se ha Este recorrido peatonal transcurre por el centro de Sofía, donde nos detendremos ante convertido en realidad y más de 100 años jalonan unas excelentes relaciones entre ambos algunos de los edificios y monumentos más emblemáticos de la arquitectura de la ciudad, países y, lo que es más importante, entre ambas sociedades, ya que uno de los pilares de tal como aparecen marcados en el mapa que acompaña a esta guía.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghid CDST En.Cdr
    EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE! RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION ROMANIA-BULGARIA GUIDE BULGARIA 3 4 VIDIN DISTRICT Introduction Vidin district is located in the northwest of Bulgaria, on the border with Serbia (west) and Romania (northeast). The district has an area of 3,032 km2, representing 2.73% of the total area of the country. Vidin has the lowest number of inhabitants / km2 compared to other districts in Bulgaria, the population of the area being 86,927 inhabitants in 2018, according to Eurostat. The district is structured into 10 municipalities on the territory of which 7 cities were constituted - the administrative center is Vidin city located on the Danube river bank. Vidin district has a rich and turbulent history, considering its strategic and geographical importance for the consolidation and definition of the Bulgarian state since the Middle Ages, the territory being a military, transport and commercial center for over 2,000 years. Thus on its territory there are numerous archaeological remains, among the most famous being the Baba Vida Fortress (the only medieval castle in Bulgaria fully preserved, over 2,000 years old), the Castra Martis Fortress (built during the Roman and Byzantine periods, centuries I-VI), the Kaleto Fortress (among the best preserved fortresses in Bulgaria), the ruins of the Roman city Ratiaria (an important gold trading center). The Regional History Museum in Vidin is also an important element of cultural and historical heritage. In the Vidin district numerous pilgrimages can be made, the most famous places of religious worship located in this area being Albotina Monastery in the Danube Plain (dug in the rock), Monastery "The Assumption of the Virgin Mary" (in whose courtyard there is a spring with curative properties).
    [Show full text]
  • DBU-Abschlussbericht-AZ-31996.Pdf
    ENDBERICHT zum Projekt Prüfung der Übertragbarkeit eines neu entwickelten, innovativen, nachhaltigen Baustoffs zur thermischen Sanierung von Mehrfamilienhäusern mit Kleineigentümerstruktur in Bulgarien kurz DBU Typha BG AZ 31996 Abbildung 1. Typisches Abbildung 2. Das Typhaboard. typha technik Mehrfamilienhaus aus den 80-ern in Naturbaustoffe Bulgarien. Fraunhofer IBP 31. Juli 2017 M.Sc. Georgi Georgiev Dipl.-Ing. Werner Theuerkorn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Krus Urban Kaiser M.A. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolay Tuleschkov Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pentscho Dobrev Dipl.-Ing. Plamen Popov ENDBERICHT zum Projekt Prüfung der Übertragbarkeit eines neu entwickelten, innovativen, nachhaltigen Baustoffs zur thermischen Sanierung von Mehrfamilienhäusern mit Kleineigentümerstruktur in Bulgarien kurz DBU Typha BG AZ 31996 Gefördert durch die Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt in der Periode 01.06.2015 – 31.05.2017 31. Juli 2017 M.Sc. Georgi Georgiev | Fraunhofer IBP Dipl.-Ing. Werner Theuerkorn | typha technik Naturbaustoffe Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Krus | Fraunhofer IBP Urban Kaiser M.A. | Fraunhofer IMW Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nikolay Tuleschkov | VSU Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pentscho Dobrev | VSU Dipl.-Ing. Plamen Popov | Sienit Holding 2 10/01 Projektkennblatt der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt Az 31996/01 Referat 23 Fördersumme 118.141 € Antragstitel Prüfung des nachwachsenden Rohstoffs Typha (Rohrkolben) hin- sichtlich einer Baustoffplattenherstellung und Anwendung in Bulgarien zur thermischen Sanierung und Innendämmung von Gebäudeaußenwänden einschließlich Schulungsmaßnahmen Stichworte Produkt, Ausland, Bauphysik, Baustoff, Dämmung, Bau, nachwachsende Rohstoff Laufzeit Projektbeginn Projektende Projektphase(n) 24 Monate 31.03.2015 29.03.2017 1 Zwischenberichte Bewilligungsemp- typha-technik Naturbaustoffe Tel 08726 4729884 fänger Wichtleiten 3 Fax 08726 4729892 84389 Postmünster Projektleitung Hr. Werner Theuerkorn Bearbeiter Kooperations- Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Bandiera Dell'impero Persiano
    Era da un pò che volevo fare una Timeline Persiana, ed eccola qua. Fatemi sapere cosa ne pensate Bandiera dell'Impero persiano 1812 I Persiani vincono la Battaglia di Aslanduz (POD) grazie ad una sentinella che si accorge per tempo dell'imminente attacco Russo; in questo modo, le truppe di Hassan Mirza riescono a reagire annientando l'armata russa e dilagando in Georgia, accolti come liberatori dai Georgiani del Principe Alessandro. 1813 A Causa dell'Invasione Francese i Russi devono firmare il trattato di Ganja, con il quale la Georgia Meridionale (Tblisi esclusa) torna uno stato indipendente sotto protettorato Persiano. 1814 Trattato Anglo-Persiano, Inizia la modernizzazione dell'esercito Persiano. 1815-1818 Seconda Guerra Russo-Persiana, i Persiani conservano lo Status Quo, grazie al sostegno dei Britannici. 1818 Battaglia di Kafir Qala, i Persiani sconfiggono gli Afgani e conquistano Herat. 1820-1828 I Persiani annettono i Khanati Caucasici, anche se i vari Khan rimangono come governatori ereditari. 1825 Ghaem Magham Farahani divenra Sadr-e Azam, Primo Ministro dell'Impero Persiano, e contribuirà alla modernizzazione del paese. 1834 Muore Fath Ali Shah, detto il Restauratore, perché ha restaurato il dominio Persiano sul Caucaso, gli succede il nipote abiatico Muhammad. 1835 Ghaem Farahani è pensionato (e non fatto assassinare, in questa timeline lo Shah non vuole alienarsi subito le simpatie Inglesi.);Haji-Mollah Abbas Iravani diventa il nuovo Sadr-e Azam, e presto, comunque, si allontana dall'alleanza con la Gran Bretagna. 1838-1840 Guerra Anglo-Persiana, Gran parte dell'Afghanistan è annesso alla Persia, grazie al contributo Russo, che ottiene il protettorato in condominio sulla Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • REPUBLIC of BULGARIA Ministry of Energy
    REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Ministry of Energy NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLAN (2014-2020) ANNUAL IMPLEMENTATION REPORT FOR 2019 March 2020 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 4 I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 II. LEGAL BASIS FOR REPORTING AND DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 6 III. BASELINE STATISTICAL DATA .................................................................................................................... 7 IV. ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRENDS IN BULGARIA ................................................................. 9 IV.1. Primary energy consumption, primary energy intensity ........................................................... 9 IV.2. Final energy consumption, final energy intensity .................................................................... 11 IV.3. Final energy consumption in the industry sector .................................................................... 13 IV.4. Final energy consumption in the transport sector ................................................................... 15 IV.5. Final energy consumption in the Households sector ............................................................... 17 IV.6. Final energy consumption in the Services sector ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ghid CDST En.Cdr
    EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE! RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION ROMANIA-BULGARIA GUIDE BULGARIA 3 4 VIDIN DISTRICT Introduction Vidin district is located in the northwest of Bulgaria, on the border with Serbia (west) and Romania (northeast). The district has an area of 3,032 km2, representing 2.73% of the total area of the country. Vidin has the lowest number of inhabitants / km2 compared to other districts in Bulgaria, the population of the area being 86,927 inhabitants in 2018, according to Eurostat. The district is structured into 10 municipalities on the territory of which 7 cities were constituted - the administrative center is Vidin city located on the Danube river bank. Vidin district has a rich and turbulent history, considering its strategic and geographical importance for the consolidation and definition of the Bulgarian state since the Middle Ages, the territory being a military, transport and commercial center for over 2,000 years. Thus on its territory there are numerous archaeological remains, among the most famous being the Baba Vida Fortress (the only medieval castle in Bulgaria fully preserved, over 2,000 years old), the Castra Martis Fortress (built during the Roman and Byzantine periods, centuries I-VI), the Kaleto Fortress (among the best preserved fortresses in Bulgaria), the ruins of the Roman city Ratiaria (an important gold trading center). The Regional History Museum in Vidin is also an important element of cultural and historical heritage. In the Vidin district numerous pilgrimages can be made, the most famous places of religious worship located in this area being Albotina Monastery in the Danube Plain (dug in the rock), Monastery "The Assumption of the Virgin Mary" (in whose courtyard there is a spring with curative properties).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologia Balkanica
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Volume 12, Issue 1 June 2020 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number O nline ISSN 1313-9940; Print ISSN 1314-0213 (from 2009-2015) Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. The journal is dedicated to publish studies conducted on the Balkans and Europe. Studies conducted anywhere else in the World may be accepted only as an exception after decision of the Editorial Board and the Editor-In-Chief. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. Reviewers do not have to sign their reports and they do not know who the author(s) of the submitted manuscript are. We ask all authors to provide the contact details (including e-mail addresses) of at least four potential reviewers of their manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of Sofia Municipality Historical Urban Core Central Urban Area Inner City Peripheral City Surrounding Area
    INTRODUCTION 1 I NTRODUCTION The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 2019 – 2035 for Sofia Municipality has been elaborated under the project “Modernized trams for the City of Sofia” co-financed by Switzerland in the framework of the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and was adopted by the Sofia Municipal Council with Decision No.379 at Session No.78 dated 27th June 2019. http://swiss-contribution.bg/ 2 INTRODUCTION Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Spatial structure and demographic development of Sofia .............................................................. 15 1. Spatial structure .................................................................................................................. 15 2. Population ........................................................................................................................... 17 Analysis of the current situation ..................................................................................................... 19 Specialized survey .................................................................................................................. 20 1. Pedestrian traffic ................................................................................................................. 25 2. Bicycle traffic...................................................................................................................... 31 3. Public transport
    [Show full text]