DOCSLIB.ORG

Oxford Plant Systematics OPS 12 March 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oxford Plant Systematics OPS 12 March 2005 Oxford Plant Systematics With news from Oxford University Herbaria (OXF and FHO), Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford OPS 12 March 2005 Editorial Contents Yesterday I organised a plant practical class for 100 first year biology undergraduate students. The task was to draw and compare Editorial the floral structure of a snowdrop and a Robert Scotland ……………… ……………………………. 2 hellebore. For the vast majority of students it was the first time in their lives that they News items …………………………………………………………. 3 had examined the anatomy of any flower and had explained to them what the parts were. This despite all of them having ‘A’ Student progress …………………… ………………………….….. 3 level biology. I argued that the flower, along Ruth Eastwood with microbes and leaves, were one of the Timothy Waters most important structures in all biology. Today, I gave my first ever lab talk in a ……………….... 4 molecular biology context as I’ve recently Abstract of systematic thesis submit ted in 2004 started a small project to understand the Alexandra Wortley genes involved in making the daffodil flower. Several people commented that it Publications 2004 ……………………………………………….…. 4 was useful to see some plants during the short talk. Next week, I and colleagues will take a number of third year students to Expeditions and visits ……………… …………………………….. 5 Portugal for two weeks to study the form and function of Mediterranean plants. In an Field trip report educational environment increasingly Ruth Eastwood ………………………………………….…. 5 dominated by molecular biology, student interest in whole-organism botany/biology remains healthy and will flourish given the Four new legumes in forty-eight hou rs opportunity and the odd enthusiastic Colin Hughes ……………… ……………………….……... 6 lecturer. Once again this year OPS reflects a wide range of systematic botany including The Oxford-Bolivia Darwin Project virtual field herbaria, monographic research and re-arrangement of the family beds at the John Wood ………………… …………………….…….….. 8 botanic garden to better reflect phylogenetic relationships. I would draw your attention to Continuing research on Aglaia three particular items in this year’s news- Caroline Pannell ………………………………………..… 9 letter. First, congratulations to Alex Wortley for winning the Irene Manton prize for her D.Phil thesis on Thomandersia. Second, the Classification and phylogeny at the Oxford Botanic Garden article by John Wood on our Darwin funded Timothy Walker ……………… …………………….……. 10 project aimed at capacity building of herbaria in Bolivia. John is to be The Oxford University Herbarium database congratulated for making this project totally in keeping with aims of the Darwin Stephen A. Harris …………… ……………………….….. 11 initiative which seeks to help safeguard the world's biodiversity by drawing on British Oxford’s Virtual Field Herbarium – strengths in this area to assist those bringing tropical plant life to the internet countries that are rich in biodiversity but William Hawthorne ……………………………….….….. 11 poor in financial resources. With the help of Darwin funding John has achieved this by living and working in Bolivia for much of News from the herbaria the time and then for several months each Fielding-Druce (OXF) year bringing a number of Bolivians to Serena Marner ……………………………….…….…… 12 Oxford for specific training. In terms of capacity building and training of personnel, Daubeny (FHO) the legacy of this project to Bolivian botany Alison Strugnell …………… ………………….………... 12 will be substantial. The front cover features an image from the Trees of Central America – exciting new initiative of a virtual field herbarium developed in Oxford by William a sourcebook for extension worker s Hawthorne. This is a valiant attempt to David Boshier and Jesus Cor dero …………….….....…... 13 grapple with problems associated with identifying plants using current technology. BRAHMS online Denis Filer ………………………………….………..….. 14 Robert Scotland Typesetting and layout of this issue by Serena Marner 2 Oxford Plant Systematics OPS 12 March 2005 work is focusing on the development of a more rapidly evolving nuclear region in an attempt to gain resolution between Andean Lupinus. Our lack of understanding of L. mutabilis is compounded by taxonomic problems caused by poor species delimitation and a surfeit of names. To address this I am undertaking specimen-based work to delimit L. mutabilis and its putative close relatives, in order to assemble a new taxonomic account of this group. Morphological studies based on herbarium specimens and field observations have led me to the hypothesis that L. semperflorens and L. eanophyllus are putative progenitors of L. mutabilis. These two species have similar distributions in the Province of Loja in Southern Ecuador and North-Central Peru. This suggests a possible origin of domestication for L. mutabilis in this part of the Andes where there is a rich history of sophisticated early civilizations. Professor Peter Raven at the re-opening ceremony of the Fielding-Druce Herbarium on 2 July 2004 During the year I visited herbaria at the British Museum, Cambridge and Kew, attended and presented seminars at The UK Legume Workshop in Reading and the News items Student progress Young Systematists Forum at the Natural History Museum and contributed to a joint paper entitled ‘Andean Lupinus – Barneby’s (D.Phil., third year). The Fielding-Druce Herbarium officially re- Ruth Eastwood Augean Stable’ at the BSA Botany 2004 systematics of Andean lupins and the origin opened meeting in Utah, USA. I also spent two of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet. Supervised by After completion of a major refurbishment months in the field in Ecuador and Peru (see of its facilities, the Fielding-Druce Dr Colin Hughes (Oxford) and Dr Julie fieldwork report on page 5). Herbarium was officially re-opened on 2 Hawkins (University of Reading). BBSRC studentship. July 2004 by Professor Peter Raven, The Andean region of South America was Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Timothy Waters (D.Phil., fourth year). one of a handful of independent sites of Preceding the re-opening of the herbarium, Systematics of Agathis Salisb. Supervised th early crop and animal domestication and the Professor Raven delivered the 25 by Stephen Harris (Oxford) and Aljos Lupinus Blackman Lecture to a capacity audience in origins of agriculture. The pulse Farjon (RBG Kew). NERC studentship. mutabilis is one of the “Lost Crops of the Plant Sciences which he entitled “Plants, Agathis is a genus of tropical conifers Incas”, a set of indigenous food plants sustainability, and our common future”. found in lowland and montane forest, and domesticated in the Andes. In common Following the lecture, Professor Raven was occasionally in scrublands, throughout much with other Andean domesticates little is presented with the Sibthorp Medal by of Malesia and in the southwest Pacific known about the origin of L. mutabilis in Professor Chris Leaver, Head of the islands. My doctoral work has been focused Department of Plant Sciences. The Sibthorp terms of likely progenitors and where, when on issues of species delimitation in the and how it was domesticated. Seeds of L. Medal is awarded by the Department for group, especially those of the southwest mutabilis have been found in Nazca tombs excellence in Plant Sciences. Pacific, and on the wider issues surrounding and the species is thought to be depicted on both the conceptual justifications and the Tiwanaku pottery thus suggesting a pre- operational utility of different approaches to Prizes Incan domestication. The aim of my D.Phil. the recognition of species. Congratulations to Dr Alex Wortley who is to investigate the origins of domestication Molecular data from samples collected in of L. mutabilis and the taxonomy of its has just been awarded the Irene Manton 2003 has been disappointing as DNA putative close relatives. Prize by The Linnean Society of London, extraction has continued to prove extremely In order to do this I am using a gene tree for her thesis entitled Systematics of challenging, but morphological data provide based approach to identify the close Thomandersia (see page 4). The Irene clear support for a taxonomic revision relatives of L. mutabilis. Throughout this Manton Prize is awarded for the best thesis which has been prepared. This reduces the year I have increased taxon sampling of in botany examined for a doctorate of number of species recognized in New non-Andean lupins by growing, extracting philosophy during a single academic year Caledonia in view of the variation within DNA and sequencing nrITS and nDNA (September to August). It is open to taxa previously regarded as separate, which GPAT from a range of Brazilian and North candidates whose research has been carried appear to be ontogenetic phases of the same American species. This has shown for the out whilst registered at any institution in the taxon. Furthermore, parallel investigations United Kingdom. This honour for Alex first time the phylogenetic position of a using datasets developed for the study of number of Brazilian taxa. To date the ITS, comes hot on the heels of her being awarded Quercus population genetics, in the context GPAT and nDNA LEGCYC1A gene trees the Brian Styles Memorial Prize from the of accepted morphological taxonomies for are highly congruent but all show low levels Department of Plant Sciences. The prize, in that group, is providing insights into the of resolution among Andean taxa. Lack of memory of the late Brian Styles, is both the relationship between morphological Lupinus presented for outstanding
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Les Cypéracées Forestières De Côte D'ivoire
    G. LOROUGNON LES CYPÉRACEES FORESTI~WES DE C6TE i3’llVOIIRE ÉDITIONS DE L’OFFICE DE LA RECHERCHESCIENTIFKLUE ET TECHNIQUEOUTRE-MER RENSEIGNEMENTS, CONDITIONS DE VENTE Pour tout renseignement, abonnement aux revues pkriodiques, achat d’ouvrages et de cartes, ou demande de catalogue, s’adresser à : I SERVICE CENTRAL DE DOCUMENTATION DE L’ORSTOM 70-74, route d’Aulnay, 93-BONDY (France) - Tout paiement sera effectué par virement postal OU chéque bancaire barré, au nom du Régisseur des Recettes et Dépenses des SSC de I’ORSTOM, 70-74, route d’Aulnay, 93-BONDY; compte courant postal no 9.152-54 PARIS. - Achat au comptant possible à la bibliothèque de I’ORSTOM, 24, rue Bayard, PARIS (83. BEVUES ET BULLETIN DE L’ORSTOM 1. CAHIERS ORSTOM cJ Séries non encore périodiques : - Biologie (3 ou 4 numéros par an) a) Skies trimestrielles : - Géophysique - Entomologie médicale - Océanographie et para.sltologie Prix selon les numéros - Hydrobiologie - Pédolcgie (1 J - Hydrologie - Sciences humaines II. BULLETIN ANALYTIQUE D’ENTOMOLOGIE MEDICALE ET Abonnement : France 95 F; Etranger 115F; le num&o 25 F VETERINAIRE b) Série semestrielle : (Mensuel] - Géologie Abonnement : France 75 F : Etranger 80 F ; le num&ro 40 F Abonnement : France 75 F : Etranger 85 F: le num&ro 8 F (1) Masson et Cie, 120, bd Saint-Germain, Paris-W, kpositalres de cette série à compter du vol. VIII, 1970. Abonnement France : 98F; Etranger : 134 F. Parmi nos publications, nous rappelons : MÉMOIRES : no 7 - ADJANBHOUN (E*) - 1964 - Végétations des sabanes et des roch?rs découverts en Côte d’ivoire Centrale. 250 p. 105 F no20 - CXJlLLAUMET (J.-L.) - 1967 - Recherches sur la végétation et la flore de la région du Bas-Cavally, Côte d’ivoire.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
    [Show full text]
  • Central African Biomes and Forest Succession Stages Derived from Modern Pollen Data and Plant Functional Types J
    Central African biomes and forest succession stages derived from modern pollen data and plant functional types J. Lebamba, A. Ngomanda, A. Vincens, D. Jolly, C. Favier, H. Elenga, I. Bentaleb To cite this version: J. Lebamba, A. Ngomanda, A. Vincens, D. Jolly, C. Favier, et al.. Central African biomes and forest succession stages derived from modern pollen data and plant functional types. Climate of the Past, European Geosciences Union (EGU), 2009, 5 (3), pp.403-429. 10.5194/cp-5-403-2009. hal-03197644 HAL Id: hal-03197644 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03197644 Submitted on 14 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Clim. Past, 5, 403–429, 2009 www.clim-past.net/5/403/2009/ Climate © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under of the Past the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Central African biomes and forest succession stages derived from modern pollen data and plant functional types J. Lebamba1, A. Ngomanda2, A. Vincens3, D. Jolly1,†,
    [Show full text]
  • Hypoestes Aristata (Vahl) Sol
    Biol Res 43: 403-409, 2010 BHATT ET AL. Biol Res 43, 2010, 403-409 B403R The foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult var aristata (Acanthaceae) a widespread medicinal plant species in tropical sub-Saharan Africa: with comments on its possible phylogenetic significance A. Bhatt*, Y. Naidoo and A. Nicholas School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, KZN, 4000, South Africa ABSTRACT The micromorphology of foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata var. aristata was studied using stereo, light and scanning microscopy (SEM). This genus belongs to the advanced angiosperm family Acanthaceae, for which few micromorphological leaf studies exist. Results revealed both glandular and non-glandular trichomes, the latter being more abundant on leaf veins, particularly on the abaxial surface of very young leaves. With leaf maturity, the density of non-glandular trichomes decreased. Glandular trichomes were rare and of two types: long-stalked capitate and globose-like peltate trichomes. Capitate trichomes were observed only on the abaxial leaf surface, while peltate trichomes were distributed on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Key terms: Acanthaceae, Glandular trichomes, Hypoestes aristata var. aristata, medicinal plant, Scanning electron microscope. INTRODUCTION zygomorphic flowers supported by prominent bracts and producing explosive capsular fruits. Many studies have The Family Acanthaceae is a large and diverse family of further supported the placement of Hypoestes in a smaller dicotyledonous plants comprising about 202 genera and 3520 clade that includes the prominent genus Justicia (McDade species (Judd et al., 2008); although estimates vary from 2600 and Moody 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of Legumes (Leguminosae) Based on Analysis of the Plastid Matk Gene Resolves Many Well-Supported Subclades Within the Family1
    American Journal of Botany 91(11): 1846±1862. 2004. A PHYLOGENY OF LEGUMES (LEGUMINOSAE) BASED ON ANALYSIS OF THE PLASTID MATK GENE RESOLVES MANY WELL-SUPPORTED SUBCLADES WITHIN THE FAMILY1 MARTIN F. W OJCIECHOWSKI,2,5 MATT LAVIN,3 AND MICHAEL J. SANDERSON4 2School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501 USA; 3Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA; and 4Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA Phylogenetic analysis of 330 plastid matK gene sequences, representing 235 genera from 37 of 39 tribes, and four outgroup taxa from eurosids I supports many well-resolved subclades within the Leguminosae. These results are generally consistent with those derived from other plastid sequence data (rbcL and trnL), but show greater resolution and clade support overall. In particular, the monophyly of subfamily Papilionoideae and at least seven major subclades are well-supported by bootstrap and Bayesian credibility values. These subclades are informally recognized as the Cladrastis clade, genistoid sensu lato, dalbergioid sensu lato, mirbelioid, millettioid, and robinioid clades, and the inverted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC). The genistoid clade is expanded to include genera such as Poecilanthe, Cyclolobium, Bowdichia, and Diplotropis and thus contains the vast majority of papilionoids known to produce quinolizidine alkaloids. The dalbergioid clade is expanded to include the tribe Amorpheae. The mirbelioids include the tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae, with Hypocalypteae as its sister group. The millettioids comprise two major subclades that roughly correspond to the tribes Millettieae and Phaseoleae and represent the only major papilionoid clade marked by a macromorphological apomorphy, pseu- doracemose in¯orescences.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Costion Plant Endemism 133-166 PROOFS
    Micronesica 41(1): 131–164, 2009 Plant Endemism, Rarity, and Threat in Palau, Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Preliminary Red List Assessment 1 CRAIG M. COSTION Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5001 [email protected] ANN HILLMANN KITALONG The Environment, Inc., P.O. Box 1696, Koror, Palau 96940 TARITA HOLM Palau Conservation Society/PALARIS, P.O. Box 1811, Koror, Palau, 96940 Abstract—An official checklist of the endemic plant species of Palau has been long awaited, and is presented here for the first time. For each species a substrate limitation, growth form, and relative abundance is listed. In addition an IUCN red list assessment was conducted using all available data. For over half of the endemic species there is insufficient data to provide a red listing status however an expected minimum number of threatened plants out of the total is inferred. Approximately 15% of Palau’s endemic plants are believed to be only known from the type collection and many more only known from a few collections. These taxa however may now be prioritized and targeted for future inventory and research. The taxonomic robustness of several of these taxa is questionable and it is expected that more endemic species will be lost to synonymy in the future. Previous estimations have significantly over-estimated the rate of plant endemism in Palau (e.g., 194). Here, 130 plants are recognized for Palau, making its level of plant endem- ism comparable to some of its neighboring Micronesian islands to the east, notably Guam and Pohnpei.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxford Plant Systematics OPS 9 January 2002
    Oxford Plant Systematics With news from Oxford University Herbaria (OXF and FHO), Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford OPS 9 January 2002 Contents Editorial 4 mm Robert Scotland .................................................................... 2 News items .......................................................................... 3 B C Student progress .................................................................. 3 Timothy Waters Alex Wortley A Abstracts of systematic theses submitted in 2001 ............. 4 1 mm Jonathan Bennett Elizabeth Moylan Julian Starr D 2001 publications ................................................................. 5 Expeditions and visits ......................................................... 5 4 mm 2 cm Refurbishment of Oxford University Herbaria Stephen A. Harris .................................................................. 6 Sibthorp Medal awarded Roger Mills ............................................................................ 8 E F G Oxford, Greek Revival and John Sibthorp H. Walter Lack ...................................................................... 8 H 2 mm Three days plant collecting in Eastern Bolivia 2 mm John Wood .......................................................................... 10 4 mm I Evergreen forest flora of Malawi J K L Book Review Stuart Cable ........................................................................ 12 Herbaria A. Habit. B. Flower section. C. Gynoecium. D. Ovary pubescence. E. Bract. F. Visitors ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Phylogeny to Interpret Cross-Cultural Patterns in Plant Use and Guide Medicinal Plant Discovery: an Example from Pterocarpus (Leguminosae)
    The Use of Phylogeny to Interpret Cross-Cultural Patterns in Plant Use and Guide Medicinal Plant Discovery: An Example from Pterocarpus (Leguminosae) C. Haris Saslis-Lagoudakis1,2*, Bente B. Klitgaard3,Fe´lix Forest4, Louise Francis4, Vincent Savolainen2,4, Elizabeth M. Williamson5, Julie A. Hawkins1 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, 2 Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom, 3 Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 5 School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Abstract Background: The study of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants has led to discoveries that have helped combat diseases and improve healthcare. However, the development of quantitative measures that can assist our quest for new medicinal plants has not greatly advanced in recent years. Phylogenetic tools have entered many scientific fields in the last two decades to provide explanatory power, but have been overlooked in ethnomedicinal studies. Several studies show that medicinal properties are not randomly distributed in plant phylogenies, suggesting that phylogeny shapes ethnobotanical use. Nevertheless, empirical studies that explicitly combine ethnobotanical and phylogenetic information are scarce. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we borrowed tools from community ecology phylogenetics to quantify significance
    [Show full text]
  • Apresentação Do Powerpoint
    Yasmin Vidal Hirao Estudos morfológicos e ontogenéticos com inflorescências e flores de Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae) Morphological and ontogenetic studies with inflorescences and flowers of Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae) São Paulo Yasmin Vidal Hirao Estudos morfológicos e ontogenéticos com inflorescências e flores de Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae) Morphological and ontogenetic studies with inflorescences and flowers of Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae) Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Ciências na Área de Botânica. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Diego Demarco. São Paulo 2015 Hirao, Yasmin Vidal Morphological and ontogenetic studies with inflorescences and flowers of Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae) 107 páginas Dissertação (Mestrado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 1. Anatomy; 2. Development; 3. Evolution; 4. Vascularization; 5. Lamiales; 6. Barlerieae. I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. COMISSÃO JULGADORA _________________________________ _________________________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Diego Demarco (orientador) Dedico este trabalho ao meu vizinho, Totoro, que, em uma das minhas primeiras lembranças botânicas, me ensinou a amar a Natureza. Quando eu flor Quando tu flores E ela flor Nós flores seremos E o mundo florescerá Sandra Braconnot Agradecimentos Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Flower Symmetry Evolution Revealed Through Phylogenetic and Developmental Genetic Advances
    Trends in flower symmetry evolution revealed through phylogenetic and developmental genetic advances Lena C. Hileman rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA A striking aspect of flowering plant (angiosperm) diversity is variation in flower symmetry. From an ancestral form of radial symmetry (polysymmetry, actinomorphy), multiple evolutionary transitions have contributed to instan- Review ces of non-radial forms, including bilateral symmetry (monosymmetry, zygomorphy) and asymmetry. Advances in flowering plant molecular Cite this article: Hileman LC. 2014 Trends in phylogenetic research and studies of character evolution as well as detailed flower symmetry evolution revealed through flower developmental genetic studies in a few model species (e.g. Antirrhinum phylogenetic and developmental genetic majus, snapdragon) have provided a foundation for deep insights into flower symmetry evolution. From phylogenetic studies, we have a better under- advances. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369: 20130348. standing of where during flowering plant diversification transitions from http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0348 radial to bilateral flower symmetry (and back to radial symmetry) have occurred. From developmental studies, we know that a genetic programme One contribution of 14 to a Theme Issue largely dependent on the functional action of the CYCLOIDEA gene is necess- ‘Contemporary and future studies in plant ary for differentiation along the snapdragon dorsoventral flower axis. Bringing these two lines of inquiry together has provided surprising insights into both speciation, morphological/floral evolution the parallel recruitment of a CYC-dependent developmental programme and polyploidy: honouring the scientific during independent transitions to bilateral flower symmetry, and the modifi- contributions of Leslie D.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing the Deep-Branching Relationships of the Papilionoid Legumes
    SAJB-00941; No of Pages 18 South African Journal of Botany xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes D. Cardoso a,⁎, R.T. Pennington b, L.P. de Queiroz a, J.S. Boatwright c, B.-E. Van Wyk d, M.F. Wojciechowski e, M. Lavin f a Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS), Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil b Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EH5 3LR Edinburgh, UK c Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, \ Bellville, South Africa d Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, 2006 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa e School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA f Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA article info abstract Available online xxxx Resolving the phylogenetic relationships of the deep nodes of papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) is essential to understanding the evolutionary history and diversification of this economically and ecologically important legume Edited by J Van Staden subfamily. The early-branching papilionoids include mostly Neotropical trees traditionally circumscribed in the tribes Sophoreae and Swartzieae. They are more highly diverse in floral morphology than other groups of Keywords: Papilionoideae. For many years, phylogenetic analyses of the Papilionoideae could not clearly resolve the relation- Leguminosae ships of the early-branching lineages due to limited sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Approach Toward the Understanding of Disjunct Distributions of Plant Taxa in Western Ghats and Northeastern India
    Rheedea Vol. 26(2) 99–114 2016 ISSN: 0971 - 2313 A phylogenetic approach toward the understanding of disjunct distributions of plant taxa in Western Ghats and northeastern India R. Puri1, P. Barman1,2 and R. Geeta1* 1Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007, India. 2Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi – 110012, India. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract There are many Indian plant taxa with disjunct distributions in northeastern India and Western Ghats, raising several systematic and biogeographic questions. Such questions are best addressed in a phylogenetic context as presented in this review of nine genera (Arisaema Mart., Begonia L., Ceropegia L., Hoya R. Br., Impatiens L., Indigofera L., Rubus L., Strobilanthes Blume and Vitis L.). These genera were chosen because they contain species that are endemic and occur in either northeastern India or Western Ghats, and at least one species is included in global phylogenetic analyses. This review reveals that even with limited sampling within India, the phylogenetic studies are consistent with present understanding of the Indian flora: that it contains Chinese, South East Asian and African influences, and that the collision of India with Asia played a crucial role in the dispersal of some taxa into India. Some of these dispersals occurred soon after the collision (e.g., Arisaema at 45 ma), while others were more recent (Begonia at 15 ma from SE Asia). Other dispersals occurred between India and Africa (e.g., Begonia at 13.75 ma and Indigofera 13 ma). We analyzed new sequences of ITS and atpB-rbcL regions from nine species of Impatiens, combined with existing data.
    [Show full text]