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Coalition Politics: How the Cameron-Clegg Relationship Affects
Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Please cite this publication as follows: Bennister, M. and Heffernan, R. (2011) Cameron as Prime Minister: the intra- executive politics of Britain’s coalition. Parliamentary Affairs, 65 (4). pp. 778-801. ISSN 0031-2290. Link to official URL (if available): http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr061 This version is made available in accordance with publishers’ policies. All material made available by CReaTE is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Contact: [email protected] Cameron as Prime Minister: The Intra-Executive Politics of Britain’s Coalition Government Mark Bennister Lecturer in Politics, Canterbury Christ Church University Email: [email protected] Richard Heffernan Reader in Government, The Open University Email: [email protected] Abstract Forming a coalition involves compromise, so a prime minister heading up a coalition government, even one as predominant a party leader as Cameron, should not be as powerful as a prime minister leading a single party government. Cameron has still to work with and through ministers from his own party, but has also to work with and through Liberal Democrat ministers; not least the Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg. The relationship between the prime minister and his deputy is unchartered territory for recent academic study of the British prime minister. This article explores how Cameron and Clegg operate within both Whitehall and Westminster: the cabinet arrangements; the prime minister’s patronage, advisory resources and more informal mechanisms. -
Lord Cecil Parkinson 1
Lord Cecil Parkinson 1 Trade minister in Margaret Thatcher's first government in 1979, Cecil Parkinson went on to become Conservative Party chairman. He was instrumental in privatizing Britain's state-owned enterprises, particularly electricity. In this interview, Parkinson discusses the rethink of the British Conservative Party in the 1970s, Margaret Thatcher's leadership in the Falklands War, the coal miners' strike, and the privatization of state-owned industries. Rethinking the Conservative Party, and the Role of Keith Joseph INTERVIEWER: Let's talk about Margaret Thatcher during the '70s. After the defeat of [Prime Minister Ted] Heath, Margaret Thatcher almost goes back to school. She and Keith Joseph go to Ralph Harris [at the Institute for Economic Affairs] and say, "Give us a reading list." What's going on here? What's Margaret really doing? LORD CECIL PARKINSON: I think Margaret was very happy with the Heath manifesto. If you look at the Heath manifesto, it was almost a mirror image of her 1979 manifesto. All the things—cutting back the role of the state, getting rid of the nationalized industries, curbing the train unions, cutting of taxes, controlling public expenditure—it's all there. It's a very, very good manifesto. And I've heard her recently compliment him on the 1970 manifesto, which was a slightly sort of backhanded compliment, really. What troubled her was that we could be bounced out of it. We could be moved from doing the things which we knew were right and doing things which we secretly knew were wrong because of circumstances, and I think instinctively she felt this was wrong, but she didn't have the sort of intellectual backup, she felt, to back up her instincts. -
Margaret Thatcher and Conservative Politics in England
Click Here to Rate This Resource MARGARET THATCHER AND CONSERVATIVE POLITICS IN ENGLAND Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Nicknamed the “Iron Lady,” Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013) served longer than any other UK prime minister in the 20th century. IN A HISTORIC ELECTION IN 1979, VOTERS The Conservative Party, also cation secretary, part of his Cabinet IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK) ELECTED called the Tory Party, is one of two (government officials in charge of de- MARGARET THATCHER TO BE PRIME MIN- major parties in England along with partments). As secretary, she made a ISTER. SHE WAS THE FIRST WOMAN the more liberal-left Labour Party (in controversial decision to end the gov- ELECTED TO THAT OFFICE. SHE WENT ON the UK, the word “labor“ is spelled ernment’s distribution of free milk to TO BE THE LONGEST-SERVING PRIME labour). Conservatism is a political schoolchildren aged 7 to 11. The press MINISTER IN THE 20TH CENTURY. AS ideology that generally supports pri- revealed that she privately opposed HEAD OF THE UK GOVERNMENT AND vate property rights, a limited govern- ending the free-milk policy, but the LEADER OF THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY, ment, a strong national defense, and Treasury Department had pressured THATCHER PROVOKED CONTROVERSY. EVEN AFTER HER DEATH IN 2013, SHE the importance of tradition in society. her to cut government spending. REMAINS A HERO TO SOME AND A The Labour Party grew out of the VILLAIN TO OTHERS. trade union movement in the 19th ‘Who Governs Britain?’ century, and it traditionally supports Struggles between the UK govern- Born in 1925, Thatcher was the the interests of working people, who ment and trade unions marked daughter of Alfred Roberts, a middle- want better wages, working condi- Thatcher’s career. -
Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York
promoting access to White Rose research papers Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author produced version of a paper published in Political Quarterly White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/78536 Paper: Theakston, K and Gill, M (2011) The Postwar Premiership League. Political Quarterly, 82 (1). 67 - 80. ISSN 0032-3179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2011.02170.x White Rose Research Online [email protected] The Post-war Premiership League Kevin Theakston and Mark Gill Who has been the best British prime minister since the Second World War? As David Cameron passes up and down the Grand Staircase in Number 10 Downing Street every day, the portraits of his predecessors as prime minister stare down at him. They are arranged in chronological order, with the most recent at the top of the stairs. If they were to be arranged in order of greatness, success or effectiveness in office, or policy achievement and legacy, the sequence would look very different. We report here the results from the latest survey of academic experts polled on the performance of post-1945 prime ministers. Academic specialists in British politics and history rate Clement Attlee as the best post-war prime minister, with Margaret Thatcher in second place just ahead of Tony Blair in third place. Gordon Brown’s stint in Number 10 was the third- worst since the Second World War, according to the respondents to the survey that rated his premiership as less successful than that of John Major. -
The Fall of the Attlee Government, 1951
This is a repository copy of The fall of the Attlee Government, 1951. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85710/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Crowcroft, R and Theakston, K (2013) The fall of the Attlee Government, 1951. In: Heppell, T and Theakston, K, (eds.) How Labour Governments Fall: From Ramsay Macdonald to Gordon Brown. Palgrave Macmillan , Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire , pp. 61-82. ISBN 978-0-230-36180-5 https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314215_4 © 2013 Robert Crowcroft and Kevin Theakston. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive, published, version of record is available here: dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137314215_4. Reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51
Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51 Prime Minister and Minister of Defence C. R. Attlee Lord President and Leader of the Commons Herbert Morrison Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin Lord Privy Seal Arthur Greenwood Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Dalton President of the Board of Trade Sir Stafford Cripps Lord Chancellor Lord Jowitt First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander Home Secretary J. Chuter Ede Dominions Secretary and Leader of the Lords Viscount Addison Secretary for India and Burma Lord Pethick-Lawrence Colonial Secretary G. H. Hall Secretary for War J. J. Lawson Secretary for Air Viscount Stansgate Secretary for Scotland Joseph Westwood Minister of Labour and National Service G. A. Isaacs Minister of Fuel and Power Emanuel Shinwell Minister of Education Ellen Wilkinson Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Tom Williams Changes in 1946: On 4 Oct A. V. Alexander became Minister without Portfolio in preparation for becoming Minister of Defence when the new legislation concerning the post had been enacted. This he was able to do on 20 Dec. But on the earlier date the three Service Ministers (Admiralty, War and Air) were all excluded from the Cabinet. On 4 Oct A. Creech Jones succeeded G. H. Hall as Colonial Secretary. Changes in 1947: On the death of Ellen Wilkinson, George Tomlinson became Minister of Education on 10 Feb. On 17 Apr Arthur Greenwood became Minister without Portfolio and Lord Inman succeeded him as Lord Privy Seal; Lord Pethick-Lawrence retired and was succeeded by Lord Listowel. On 7 July the Dominions Office was renamed the Commonwealth Relations Office. -
The Rise of the Novice Cabinet Minister?
The Rise of the Novice Cabinet Minister? The Career Trajectories of Cabinet Ministers in British Government from Attlee to Cameron Some commentators have observed that today’s Cabinet ministers are younger and less experienced than their predecessors. To test this claim, we analyse the data for Labour and Conservative appointments to Cabinet since 1945. Although we find some evidence of a decline in average age and prior experience, it is less pronounced than for the party leaders. We then examine the data for junior ministerial appointments, which reveals that there is no trend towards youth and inexperience present lower down the hierarchy. Taking these findings together, we propose that public profile is correlated with ‘noviceness’; that is, the more prominent the role, the younger and less experienced its incumbent is likely to be. If this is correct, then the claim that we are witnessing the rise of the novice Cabinet minister is more a consequence of the personalisation of politics than evidence of an emerging ‘cult of youth’. Keywords: Cabinet ministers; junior ministers; party leaders; ministerial selection; personalisation; symbolic leadership Introduction In a recent article, Philip Cowley identified the rise of the novice political leader as a ‘major development’ in British politics. Noting the youth and parliamentary inexperience of David 1 Cameron, Ed Miliband and Nick Clegg at the point at which they acquired the leadership of their parties, Cowley concluded that: ‘the British now prefer their leaders younger than they used to [and] that this is evidence of some developing cult of youth in British politics’, with the desire for younger candidates inevitably meaning that they are less experienced. -
Coalition Government Has Created a New Balance of Power at the Centre of UK Government (But That Shouldn’T Be a Surprise)
blogs.lse.ac.uk http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/2010/08/17/coalition-government-has-created-a-new-balance- of-power-at-the-centre-of-uk-government-but-that-shouldn%e2%80%99t-be-a-surprise/ Coalition government has created a new balance of power at the centre of UK government (but that shouldn’t be a surprise) Passing the first 100 days mark suggests to Andrew Blick and George Jones that the coalition government has begun to revive some earlier historical precedents in Cabinet government. Unlike his immediate predecessors, Gordon Brown and Tony Blair, because of the inclusion of Liberal Democrats ministers David Cameron has had to share power and work closely with his cabinet and the Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, with major consequences for the role of 10 Downing Street. The Prime Minister as a post has always been filled by one person, but the premiership as an institution has always been exercised by a group. Its fundamental role is to provide public leadership, which involves (a) giving strategic direction (setting the tone of government) and (b) making urgent responses to events, responses that other institutions and procedures on their own cannot, and giving government a public face. Alterations in how these roles are allocated have tended to reflect two patterns of changes at No.10: ‘zigzags’ and ‘institutional fusions and fissions’. ‘Zigzags’ are radical changes of style in the way the premiership operates following a handover from one Prime Minister to another, especially a transition from a more to a less domineering premier, or vice versa. -
Margaret Thatcher's Cabinet
Margaret Thatcher’s Cabinet “If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.” —Margaret Thatcher Dear Delegates, Welcome to WUMUNS 2018! My name is Stephen Bertelsman, and I am your director for Margaret Thatcher’s Cabinet. I am in the class of 2019 at Washington University in St. Louis, majoring in Political Science and History. In addition to directing this committee, I serve as the president of our Model United Nations team. I have been involved in Washington University’s Model UN organization since my first year and consider my teammates my closest friends. As a native of St. Louis, I cannot wait to welcome you to our city for an exciting weekend. Our committee will begin on May 4, 1979, when Queen Elizabeth II invited Margaret Thatcher to form a government. Thatcher, dubbed “the Iron Lady” by the Soviet press, charged ahead, ready to tackle the daunting issues of the day. But Thatcher, formidable as she may be, cannot lead the whole nation alone. She needs the help of you, her loyal cabinet, to effectively govern the nation. Will you rise to the occasion? Or will you stand idly by as the greatest empire in the world crumbles away? The decisions are yours alone to make. Dare to be bold, but remember the old adage: “The higher up the mountain, the more treacherous the fall.” If you have any questions while preparing for the conference, please do not hesitate to contact me at [email protected]. God Save the Queen! Sincerely yours, Stephen Bertelsman Contents Committee Mandate……………….…………..……………………… 1 Background Information..……………………………...…………. -
The 2010 Coalition Government at Westminster
BRIEFING PAPER Number 06404, 8 May 2015 The 2010 Coalition By Lucinda Maer and Oonagh Gay Government at Westminster Inside: 1. Coalitions in the 20th Century: an overview 2. The Coalition in May 2010 3. The Coalition in Government 4. The Coalition and Parliament 5. Agreements to differ 6. Support for the Government in Parliament 7. Ending Coalitions www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 06404, 8 May 2015 2 Contents Summary 3 1. Coalitions in the 20th Century: an overview 4 2. The Coalition in May 2010 5 3. The Coalition in Government 7 4. The Coalition and Parliament 10 5. Agreements to differ 11 5.1 Parliamentary boundary changes 13 5.2 The Electoral Registration and Administration Bill 2012-13 13 5.3 Statements on Leveson report 14 5.4 Debate on the Address following the Queen’s Speech 15 5.5 Legislative proposals for an EU referendum 15 5.6 Immigration policy 16 5.7 Amendment to Crime and Courts Bill 2013-14 17 5.8 Affordable Homes Private Members’ Bill 5 September 2014 17 5.9 Counter-terrorism and Security Bill 2014-15 18 5.10 The Liberal Democrat’s “alternative economic plan”, March 2015 18 6. Support for the Government in Parliament 20 7. Ending Coalitions 23 7.1 Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 24 Cover page image copyright UK Parliament 3 The 2010 Coalition Government at Westminster Summary Following negotiations between the political parties, the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties formed a coalition government in May 2010. -
Chronology of John Major's Premiership
Chronology of John Major's Premiership 1990 13 November Sir Geoffrey Howe's resignation speech bitterly attacks Margaret Thatcher's leadership, especially her stance towards the European Union. 14 November Michael Heseltine announces that he will challenge Margaret Thatcher for the leadership of the Conservative party. 20 November First ballot of Conservative leadership contest: Margaret Thatcher defeats Michael Heseltinc by 204 votes to 152, but is four votes short of the necessary 15 per cent majority. 22 November Margaret Thatcher announces her resignation as Conservative leader. 27 November John Major wins 185 votes in the second ballot of the Conservative leadership contest, and although this is technically two votes short of an outright majority, the other two contenders, Michael Heseltinc and Douglas Hurd, stand down to allow Major to become leader of the Conservative party and Prime Minister. 1991 17 January Start of the Gulf War against Iraq. 28 February Ccascfire in Gulf War. 11 March John Major speaks of his desire to sec Britain 'at the very heart of Europe'. 19 March Norman Lamont's Budget increases VAT from 15 per cent to 17.5 per cent. 1 April Reforms of the NHS launched: NHS Trusts and GP fundholders established, while hospitals operate internal markets. 23 April Michael Heseltine announces that the poll tax will be replaced by a council tax from April 1993. 20 May Publication of White Paper on higher education, presaging the abolition of the 'binary divide' between universities and polytechnics. 22 July John Major launches the Citizen's Charter. 1 October Introduction of parliamentary Bill to replace the poll tax with a new council tax. -
Proquest Dissertations
REGULATING REFUGEES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGIME TYPE AND POLITICAL ASYLUM IN CHINA AND MALAYSIA By Erica Lauren Seng Submitted to the Faculty ofthe School of International Service of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts In International Affairs Chair: Dr. Pek Koon Heng ^O:0 Dr.~~ r YoungshikYniinashik BongRotip^^ Knu-y k) fatn> ¿_ Dean of the School of Internationalil ServiceServie */ fíjLL^LúJtiçq4M O??? Date 2010 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ^CR- UMI Number: 1486727 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 1486727 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest® ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © COPYRIGHT By Erica L. Seng 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED REGULATING REFUGEES BY Erica L. Seng ABSTRACT This study analyzes the impact that political regime type has on immigration and asylum policies. The following two hypotheses are tested: greater degrees of political centralization will determine the extent to which asylum policy can be successfully formed and implemented and that greater degree of political openness in a regime will lead to greater difficulty in successfully forming and implementing a coherent policy of asylum.