DOCSLIB.ORG

Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators of Potentially Toxic Elements in Biscayne Bay, Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators of Potentially Toxic Elements in Biscayne Bay, Florida University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators Of Potentially Toxic Elements In Biscayne Bay, Florida Elizabeth A. Carnahan University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Carnahan, Elizabeth A., "Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators Of Potentially Toxic Elements In Biscayne Bay, Florida" (2005). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2810 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Foraminiferal Assemblages As Bioindicators Of Potentially Toxic Elements In Biscayne Bay, Florida by Elizabeth A. Carnahan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Pamela Hallock Muller, Ph.D. Barb Lidz, B.S. Gary Mitchum, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 31, 2005 Keywords: estuary, heavy metals, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, FORAM index, benthic, sediments © Copyright 2005, Elizabeth A. Carnahan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to my advisor, Dr. Pamela Hallock Muller. Her continuing patience, support and guidance have been invaluable to me throughout my graduate career. I also acknowledge my committee members, Barb Lidz and Gary Mitchum, for their critical reviews of my thesis. This research would not have been possible without samples collected by Christopher Reich and Eugene Shinn of the U.S. Geological Survey. I acknowledge Rickard Curry and Biscayne National Park for the issuing of sampling permits. Special thanks to Ana Hoare, Kate Sheps, Heidi Gillum, Camille Daniels, and Nicole Caesar for their help with sample preparation. Thanks to the students of the Reef Indicators Lab, family, and friends for their patience and moral support. Funding was provided by the University of South Florida/U.S. Geological Survey cooperative agreement 99HQAG0004. Water quality data were provided by the SERC- FIU Water Quality Monitoring Network which is supported by SFWMD/SERC Cooperative Agreements #C-10244 and #C-13178 as well as EPA Agreement #X994621- 94-0. I dedicate this thesis to my mother, Susan, who continues to learn, grow and develop and who has been a source of encouragement and inspiration to me throughout my life TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES iv ABSTRACT vi 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Biscayne Bay, Florida 1 Heavy-Metal Contamination in Estuaries 3 Sources of Heavy Metals 5 The Biological Effects of Heavy Metals 6 The Human-Health Implications of Heavy-Metal Pollution 7 Heavy Metals in Biscayne Bay 8 Foraminifera as Bioindicators 11 Foraminiferal Studies in Biscayne Bay 11 Foraminifers as Bioindicators of Heavy-Metal Pollution 16 Estuaries: Each a Unique Setting 19 Objectives and Goals 20 2. METHODS 21 Sample Collection 21 Sample Processing 22 Geochemical Analysis 26 Grain-Size Analysis 26 Analysis of Foraminiferal Assemblages 28 Data Analyses 29 Grain-Size Analysis 29 Geochemical Data Analysis 29 Multivariate Analyses of Foraminiferal Assemblages 31 FORAM Index Analyses 33 Environmental Data Analysis 35 Synthesis of Biotic and Environmental Data 35 i 3. RESULTS 36 Grain Size 36 Trace-Metal Distribution 39 Foraminiferal Assemblages 44 Sample Distribution 44 Key Genera 50 FORAM Index 56 Environmental Data 57 Multivariate Analyses 61 4. DISCUSSION 68 Limitations of Data 68 Heavy Metals: Comparisons with other Studies 72 Foraminiferal Distributions throughout Biscayne Bay 76 Foraminiferal Assemblages: Comparisons with Previous Studies 82 Recommendations for Future Work 86 5. CONCLUSIONS 88 REFERENCES 90 APPENDICES 98 Appendix I List of genera identified in Biscayne Bay 99 Appendix II Sample collection details 103 Appendix III Samples deleted from various analyses 106 Appendix IV Grain size reported as weight percent 107 Appendix V-a Values for 32 chemical parameters measured in the 112 mud fraction Appendix V-b Values for 32 chemical parameters measured in the 131 sand fraction Appendix VI Raw counts of foraminiferal abundance in sediments from 132 Biscayne Bay Appendix VII Correlation matrix of measured elements and mud 201 Appendix VIII SIMPER output of dissimilarity between sample groups 203 Appendix IX Environmental data collected by the Southeast Research Center 213 Appendix X Cluster analysis of genera present in >5% of the samples 228 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Detection limits for 32 measured elements 27 Table 2 Functional groups and example genera defined by Hallock et al. (2003) 34 Table 3 Summary of median grain size in 139 sediment samples from Biscayne Bay 37 Table 4 Correlation matrix of metals of concern 39 Table 5 SIMPER groups, indicating within-sample group similarity 48 Table 6 Means and standard deviations of diversity, density, and grain-size data for SIMPER groups 50 Table 7 Correlation matrix of foraminiferal taxa and % mud 53 Table 8 Correlation matrix of measured environmental variables versus key foraminiferal taxa and measures of density and diversity for samples collected in April 2002 59 Table 9 Correlation matrix of geochemical parameters and key foraminiferal taxa 62 Table 10 BIO-ENV results of measured environmental parameters as correlated to foraminiferal assemblage for samples collected in April 2002 65 Table 11 BIO-ENV results of measured geochemical parameters as correlated to overall foraminiferal assemblage for all three collections 66 Table 12 BIO-ENV results of measured geochemical parameters as correlated to FORAM Index components 66 Table 13 BIO-BIO results of foraminiferal genera as correlated to overall assemblage 67 Table 14 Uses and sources of metals of concern 75 Table 15 Summary data for samples with FORAM indices >3.0 77 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Map of southeast coast of Florida, including Biscayne Bay, main waterways and urbanized areas 2 Figure 2 Classifications of the relative degree of toxicity in four sediment tests 10 Figure 3 A petite Ponar grab 21 Figure 4(a) Chart of northern Biscayne Bay indicating sample sites 23 Figure 4(b) Chart of central Biscayne Bay indicating sample sites 24 Figure 4(c) Chart of southern Biscayne Bay indicating sample sites 25 Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the BIO-ENV procedure: selection of the abiotic variable subset maximizing Spearman-rank correlation (ρ) between biotic and abiotic similarity matrices (from Clark and Warwick, 2001) 36 Figure 6 Grain-size distribution in Biscayne Bay as (a) median phi and (b) % mud 38 Figure 7 Cluster analysis (R-mode) of geochemical data in sediment samples from Biscayne Bay 41 Figure 8 Metal distributions for mud-sized sediments in Biscayne Bay 42 Figure 9 Plot of density versus diversity of samples 44 Figure 10 MDS ordination of sample sites according to SIMPER groups 45 Figure 11 Chart of distribution of foraminiferal density in Biscayne Bay and surrounding canals with sample sites represented by SIMPER groups 47 Figure 12 Cluster analysis of key foraminiferal taxa in Biscayne Bay 52 Figure 13 Distribution of FORAM Index values throughout Biscayne Bay 56 Figure 14 Contours of environmental data obtained from Southeast Environmental Research Center 60 iv Figure 15 Comparison of concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg in the mud versus sand fractions of six samples 70 Figure 16 Bathymetry profile of Biscayne Bay 74 Figure 17 MDS plot of sample sites represented by SIMPER groups showing urban, ocean, freshwater, and estuarine influences 78 Figure 18 Distribution of relative abundance of (a) Ammonia and (b) Miliolinella with sample sites represented by SIMPER groups 80 Figure 19 Distribution of the relative abundance of Ammonia, Cribroelphidium, Haynesina, Elphidium, and Nonion 81 Figure 20 Cluster analysis of foraminiferal genera using data from Almasi (1978) 83 v FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES AS BIOINDICATORS OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS IN BISCAYNE BAY, FLORIDA Elizabeth Carnahan ABSTRACT Heavy-metal pollution is an issue of concern in estuaries such as Biscayne Bay that are heavily influenced by agricultural, urban, and harbor activities. The goals of this study were to provide a “state of the bay” assessment that can be used to interpret changes that have occurred over the past 60 years in Biscayne Bay, to provide a baseline to compare changes in the ecosystems during and after execution of the Comprehensive Everglades Restorations Plan (CERP), and to determine if benthic foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay reflect heavy-metal contamination in sediments. Surficial samples were collected at 147 sites throughout the bay. Analyses included geochemical assessment of the mud fraction for 32 chemical parameters, grain- size analysis, and assessment of foraminiferal assemblages at the genus level. Geochemical analyses revealed elevated concentrations of a suite of heavy metals in the sediments of the northern bay, between Miami and Key Biscayne, and the periphery of the southern bay from Black Creek Canal south to Turkey Point. Cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling, and multivariate-correlation analyses revealed three distinct foraminiferal assemblages. One assemblage, characteristic of the northern bay, was defined by stress-tolerant taxa including Ammonia, Cribroelphidium, Nonion, and Haynesina, which were present
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent and Quaternary Foraminifera Collected Around New Caledonia
    Plates 6/1 & 6/2 Recent and Quaternary foraminifera collected around New Caledonia Jean-Pierre DEBENAY 1 & Guy CABIOCH 2 1 UPRES EA, Universite d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisiere, 49045, Angers cedex, France 2 Institut de Recherche pour Developpement, UR 055, Paliotropique, Centre IRD, BPA5, 98848 Noumea cedex, Nouvelle-Caledonie [email protected] Abstract The compilation of the works carried out on Recent and Quaternary foraminifera collected in the waters surrounding New Caledonia allowed us to identify 574 species. These species are listed according to the classification of Loeblish & Tappan (1988), updated for the Recent species by Debenay et al. (1996). Their affinity with microfaunas from other regions is briefly discussed. Resume La compilation des travaux sur les foramini:feres actuels et quaternaires recoltes dans les eaux entourant la Nouvelle-Caledonie nous a permis de repertorier 574 especes. Ces especes sont presen­ tees selon la classification de Loeblish & Tappan (1988), mise ajour pour les especes actuelles par Debenay et al. (1996). Leur affinite avec les microfaunes d'autres regions est discutee brievement. Introduction The first study about foraminifera from the southwestern Pacific near New Caledonia was carried out by Brady (1884) during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1873-1876), updated by Barker (1960), The nearest station was station 177, near Vanuatu (16°45'S-168°5'E). However, studies concerning directly New Caledonia began much later, with partial and local inventories in coastal samples (Gambini,1958, 1959; Renaud-Debyser, 1965; Toulouse, 1965, 1966). Samples of recent and fossil sediments collected during the Singer-Polignac mission (1960-1965) were further used for several studies of foraminiferal assemblages (Coudray & Margerel, 1974; Coudray, 1976; Margerel, 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist, Assemblage Composition, and Biogeographic Assessment of Recent Benthic Foraminifera (Protista, Rhizaria) from São Vincente, Cape Verdes
    Zootaxa 4731 (2): 151–192 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:560FF002-DB8B-405A-8767-09628AEDBF04 Checklist, assemblage composition, and biogeographic assessment of Recent benthic foraminifera (Protista, Rhizaria) from São Vincente, Cape Verdes JOACHIM SCHÖNFELD1,3 & JULIA LÜBBERS2 1GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany 2Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe for the first time subtropical intertidal foraminiferal assemblages from beach sands on São Vincente, Cape Verdes. Sixty-five benthic foraminiferal species were recognised, representing 47 genera, 31 families, and 8 superfamilies. Endemic species were not recognised. The new checklist largely extends an earlier record of nine benthic foraminiferal species from fossil carbonate sands on the island. Bolivina striatula, Rosalina vilardeboana and Millettiana milletti dominated the living (rose Bengal stained) fauna, while Elphidium crispum, Amphistegina gibbosa, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Ammonia tepida, Triloculina rotunda and Glabratella patelliformis dominated the dead assemblages. The living fauna lacks species typical for coarse-grained substrates. Instead, there were species that had a planktonic stage in their life cycle. The living fauna therefore received a substantial contribution of floating species and propagules that may have endured a long transport by surface ocean currents. The dead assemblages largely differed from the living fauna and contained redeposited tests deriving from a rhodolith-mollusc carbonate facies at <20 m water depth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to 1.000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia
    Jean-Pierre Debenay A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSÉUM Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 1 A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 2 Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 3 A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia Jean-Pierre Debenay IRD Éditions Institut de recherche pour le développement Marseille Publications Scientifiques du Muséum Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris 2012 Debenay-1 11/01/13 18:14 Page 4 Photos de couverture / Cover photographs p. 1 – © J.-P. Debenay : les foraminifères : une biodiversité aux formes spectaculaires / Foraminifera: a high biodiversity with a spectacular variety of forms p. 4 – © IRD/P. Laboute : îlôt Gi en Nouvelle-Calédonie / Island Gi in New Caledonia Sauf mention particulière, les photos de cet ouvrage sont de l'auteur / Except particular mention, the photos of this book are of the author Préparation éditoriale / Copy-editing Yolande Cavallazzi Maquette intérieure et mise en page / Design and page layout Aline Lugand – Gris Souris Maquette de couverture / Cover design Michelle Saint-Léger Coordination, fabrication / Production coordination Catherine Plasse La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article L. 122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un but d'exemple et d'illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l'article L.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraminiferal Evidence for Inner Neritic Deposition of Lower Cretaceous (Upper Aptian) Radiolarian-Rich Black Shales on the Western Australian Margin
    Journal of Micropalaeontology, 24: 55–75. 0262-821X/05 $15.00 2005 The Micropalaeontological Society Foraminiferal evidence for inner neritic deposition of Lower Cretaceous (Upper Aptian) radiolarian-rich black shales on the Western Australian margin DAVID W. HAIG School of Earth & Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia (e-mail: [email protected]). ABSTRACT – Diverse foraminifera, Lingula-like brachiopods and the geological setting indicate that Aptian radiolarian-rich black shales forming the Windalia Radiolarite were deposited at water depths probably less than 40 m in the Southern Carnarvon Basin. Elsewhere in Australia, coeval radiolarian-rich deposits are widespread in other western-margin basins and in vast interior basins. The organic-rich mudstones containing the radiolaria include the foraminiferal Ammobaculites Association, a sparse benthic macrofauna and kerogens of mainly terrestrial plant origin. The deposits suggest that there was substantial high-nutrient freshwater input into the epeiric seas as well as high levels of dissolved silica resulting from marine flooding of a mature silicate-rich landscape bordered on the eastern and western continental margins by large volcanic provinces. The widespread presence of organic-rich muds through the broad, shallow Southern Carnarvon Basin and through the coeval interior basins suggests that regional geomorphology controlled the distribution of eutrophic facies in the Australian Aptian rather than any global expansion of the oceanic oxygen minimum zone. The foraminiferal assemblage from the Windalia Radiolarite consists of calcareous hyaline benthic types (diverse Lagenida as well as abundant Lingulogavelinella, Epistomina and Coryphostoma) and organic-cemented agglutinated species (including common Ammobaculites humei, Haplophragmoides–Recurvoides spp., and Verneuilinoides howchini).
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Records of Recent Benthic Foraminifera from Korea
    Journal of Species Research 8(4):389-394, 2019 Three new records of recent benthic Foraminifera from Korea Somin Lee and Wonchoel Lee* Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] Foraminifera are protists that inhabit diverse marine environments and show high abundance and diversity. However, previous studies on foraminifera in Korea mostly focused on geological and paleoecological fields and were conducted in a limited area. Therefore, there is a high possibility for discovering new and unrecor- ded species. Here we describe three newly recorded foraminiferal species from the southwestern part of Jeju Island during a survey on the meiofaunal community, which belongs to three different genera (Ammobaculites, Cylindroclavulina, Saracenaria), three families (Lituolidae, Vaginulinidae, Valvulinidae), and three orders (Lituolida, Textulariida, Vaginulinida): Ammobaculites formosensis Nakamura, 1937, Cylindroclavulina bradyi (Cushman, 1911), and Saracenaria hannoverana (Franke, 1936). These species have been reported from Chinese region in the East China Sea, however this is the first report from Korean waters. Particularly, Cylindroclavulina bradyi is the first report of the genus Cylindroclavulina in Korean waters. The present study supports the diversity of foraminiferal species in Korea, and the necessity of further surveys in Korean waters. Keywords: ‌East China Sea, extant species, Globothalamea, modern foraminifera Ⓒ 2019 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2019.8.4.389 INTRODUCTION al., 2000; Woo and Choi, 2006; Woo and Lee, 2006; Woo, 2007; Choi et al., 2010; Jeong et al., 2016). Therefore, a Foraminifera are single-celled amoeboid protists, which high possibility of discovering new and unrecorded spe- inhabit a wide range of marine environments, and show cies is expected, particularly from uninvestigated regions high abundance and species diversity (Sen Gupta, 1999; such as the northeastern coast and open ocean regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamber Arrangement Versus Wall Structure in the High-Rank Phylogenetic Classification of Foraminifera
    Editors' choice Chamber arrangement versus wall structure in the high-rank phylogenetic classification of Foraminifera ZOFIA DUBICKA Dubicka, Z. 2019. Chamber arrangement versus wall structure in the high-rank phylogenetic classification of Fora- minifera. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (1): 1–18. Foraminiferal wall micro/ultra-structures of Recent and well-preserved Jurassic (Bathonian) foraminifers of distinct for- aminiferal high-rank taxonomic groups, Globothalamea (Rotaliida, Robertinida, and Textulariida), Miliolida, Spirillinata and Lagenata, are presented. Both calcite-cemented agglutinated and entirely calcareous foraminiferal walls have been investigated. Original test ultra-structures of Jurassic foraminifers are given for the first time. “Monocrystalline” wall-type which characterizes the class Spirillinata is documented in high resolution imaging. Globothalamea, Lagenata, porcel- aneous representatives of Tubothalamea and Spirillinata display four different major types of wall-structure which may be related to distinct calcification processes. It confirms that these distinct molecular groups evolved separately, probably from single-chambered monothalamids, and independently developed unique wall types. Studied Jurassic simple bilocular taxa, characterized by undivided spiralling or irregular tubes, are composed of miliolid-type needle-shaped crystallites. In turn, spirillinid “monocrystalline” test structure has only been recorded within more complex, multilocular taxa pos- sessing secondary subdivided chambers: Jurassic
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Ocean Metabarcoding Confirms Limited Diversity in Planktonic Foraminifera but Reveals Unknown Hyper-Abundant Lineages
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Surface ocean metabarcoding confrms limited diversity in planktonic foraminifera but reveals Received: 19 July 2017 Accepted: 24 January 2018 unknown hyper-abundant lineages Published: xx xx xxxx Raphaël Morard1,2, Marie-José Garet-Delmas2, Frédéric Mahé3, Sarah Romac2, Julie Poulain4, Michal Kucera1 & Colomban de Vargas2 Since the advent of DNA metabarcoding surveys, the planktonic realm is considered a treasure trove of diversity, inhabited by a small number of abundant taxa, and a hugely diverse and taxonomically uncharacterized consortium of rare species. Here we assess if the apparent underestimation of plankton diversity applies universally. We target planktonic foraminifera, a group of protists whose known morphological diversity is limited, taxonomically resolved and linked to ribosomal DNA barcodes. We generated a pyrosequencing dataset of ~100,000 partial 18S rRNA foraminiferal sequences from 32 size fractioned photic-zone plankton samples collected at 8 stations in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition (2009–2012). We identifed 69 genetic types belonging to 41 morphotaxa in our metabarcoding dataset. The diversity saturated at local and regional scale as well as in the three size fractions and the two depths sampled indicating that the diversity of foraminifera is modest and fnite. The large majority of the newly discovered lineages occur in the small size fraction, neglected by classical taxonomy. These unknown lineages dominate the bulk [>0.8 µm] size fraction, implying that a considerable part of the planktonic foraminifera community biomass has its origin in unknown lineages. Afer ~250 years of Linnean taxonomic work, >90% of the ocean’s biodiversity still appears to be undescribed1.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Como Requisito Para a Obtenção Do Título De Mestre Em Geografia
    Daniela Lemos Polla FORAMINÍFEROS BENTÔNICOS RECENTES APLICADOS A CARACTERIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL ADJACENTE A FOZ DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL (RJ) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Geografia. Orientadora: Dra Carla Bonetti Coorientadora: Dra Patrícia Eichler Florianópolis 2016 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor, através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. Polla, Daniela Lemos FORAMINÍFEROS BENTÔNICOS RECENTES APLICADOS A CARACTERIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL ADJACENTE A FOZ DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL (RJ)/ Daniela Lemos Polla; orientadora, Carla Bonetti; coorientadora, Patrícia Eichler- Florianópolis, SC, 2016. 155p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. Inclui referências 1. Geografia. 2. Foraminíferos Bentônicos. 3. Bacia de Campos. 4. Taxonomia. 5. Caracterização. I. Bonetti, Carla. II. Eichler, Patrícia. III. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. IV. Título. Daniela Lemos Polla FORAMINÍFEROS BENTÔNICOS RECENTES APLICADOS A CARACTERIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL ADJACENTE A FOZ DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL (RJ) Esta Dissertação foi julgada adequada para obtenção do Título de Mestre e aprovada em sua forma final pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. Florianópolis, 15 de Abril de 2016. ________________________ Prof. Dr. Aloysio Marthins de Araújo Júnior Coordenador do Curso Banca Examinadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Carla Bonetti Prof.ª Dr.ª Sibelle T. Disaró Orientadora – UFSC Membro Externo - UFPR Prof.ª Dr.ª Patrícia Eichler Prof.ª Dr.ª Alessandra Fonseca Coorientadora UFRN-UNISUL Membro Interno - UFSC __________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Early Foraminifera
    The evolution of early Foraminifera Jan Pawlowski†‡, Maria Holzmann†,Ce´ dric Berney†, Jose´ Fahrni†, Andrew J. Gooday§, Tomas Cedhagen¶, Andrea Haburaʈ, and Samuel S. Bowserʈ †Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; §Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; ¶Department of Marine Ecology, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; and ʈWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201 Communicated by W. A. Berggren, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, August 11, 2003 (received for review January 30, 2003) Fossil Foraminifera appear in the Early Cambrian, at about the same loculus to become globular or tubular, or by the development of time as the first skeletonized metazoans. However, due to the spiral growth (12). The evolution of spiral tests led to the inadequate preservation of early unilocular (single-chambered) formation of internal septae through the development of con- foraminiferal tests and difficulties in their identification, the evo- strictions in the spiral tubular chamber and hence the appear- lution of early foraminifers is poorly understood. By using molec- ance of multilocular forms. ular data from a wide range of extant naked and testate unilocular Because of their poor preservation and the difficulties in- species, we demonstrate that a large radiation of nonfossilized volved in their identification, the unilocular noncalcareous for- unilocular Foraminifera preceded the diversification of multilocular aminifers are largely ignored in paleontological studies. In a lineages during the Carboniferous. Within this radiation, similar previous study, we used molecular data to reveal the presence of test morphologies and wall types developed several times inde- naked foraminifers, perhaps resembling those that lived before pendently.
    [Show full text]
  • International Symposium on Foraminifera FORAMS 2014 Chile, 19-24 January 2014
    International Symposium on Foraminifera FORAMS 2014 Chile, 19-24 January 2014 Abstract Volume Edited by: Margarita Marchant & Tatiana Hromic International Symposium on Foraminifera FORAMS 2014 Chile, 19–24 January 2014 Abstract Volume Edited by: Margarita Marchant & Tatiana Hromic Grzybowski Foundation, 2014 International Symposium on Foraminifera FORAMS 2014, Chile 19–24 January 2014 Abstract Volume Edited by: Margarita Marchant Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile and Tatiana Hromic Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile Published by The Grzybowski Foundation Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication No. 20 First published in 2014 by the Grzybowski Foundation a charitable scientific foundation which associates itself with the Geological Society of Poland, founded in 1992. The Grzybowski Foundation promotes and supports education and research in the field of Micropalaeontology through its Library (located at the Geological Museum of the Jagiellonian University), Special Publications, Student Grant-in-Aid Programme, Conferences (the MIKRO- and IWAF- meetings), and by organising symposia at other scientific meetings. Visit our website: www.gf.tmsoc.org Grzybowski Foundation Special Publications Editorial Board (2012-2016): M.A. Gasiński (PL) M.A. Kaminski (GB/KSA) M. Kučera (D) E. Platon (Utah) P. Sikora (Texas) R. Coccioni (Italy) J. Van Couvering (NY) P. Geroch (CA) M. Bubík (Cz.Rep) S. Filipescu (Romania) L. Alegret (Spain) S. Crespo de Cabrera (Kuwait) J. Nagy (Norway) J. Pawłowski (Switz.) J. Hohenegger (Austria) C.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist, Assemblage Composition, and Biogeographic Assessment of Recent Benthic Foraminifera (Protista, Rhizaria) from São Vincente, Cape Verdes
    Zootaxa 4731 (2): 151–192 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:560FF002-DB8B-405A-8767-09628AEDBF04 Checklist, assemblage composition, and biogeographic assessment of Recent benthic foraminifera (Protista, Rhizaria) from São Vincente, Cape Verdes JOACHIM SCHÖNFELD1,3 & JULIA LÜBBERS2 1GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany 2Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe for the first time subtropical intertidal foraminiferal assemblages from beach sands on São Vincente, Cape Verdes. Sixty-five benthic foraminiferal species were recognised, representing 47 genera, 31 families, and 8 superfamilies. Endemic species were not recognised. The new checklist largely extends an earlier record of nine benthic foraminiferal species from fossil carbonate sands on the island. Bolivina striatula, Rosalina vilardeboana and Millettiana milletti dominated the living (rose Bengal stained) fauna, while Elphidium crispum, Amphistegina gibbosa, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Ammonia tepida, Triloculina rotunda and Glabratella patelliformis dominated the dead assemblages. The living fauna lacks species typical for coarse-grained substrates. Instead, there were species that had a planktonic stage in their life cycle. The living fauna therefore received a substantial contribution of floating species and propagules that may have endured a long transport by surface ocean currents. The dead assemblages largely differed from the living fauna and contained redeposited tests deriving from a rhodolith-mollusc carbonate facies at <20 m water depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Foraminiferal Microbarcodes Unveils Hidden Richness of Early Monothalamous Lineages in Deep-Sea Sediments
    Ultra-deep sequencing of foraminiferal microbarcodes unveils hidden richness of early monothalamous lineages in deep-sea sediments Béatrice Lecroqa,b,1, Franck Lejzerowicza,1, Dipankar Bacharc,d, Richard Christenc,d, Philippe Eslinge, Loïc Baerlocherf, Magne Østeråsf, Laurent Farinellif, and Jan Pawlowskia,2 aDepartment of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; bInstitute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6543 and dUniversité de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6543, Centre de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, F06108 Nice, France; eInstitut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique, 75004 Paris, France; and fFASTERIS SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland Edited* by James P. Kennett, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved June 20, 2011 (received for review December 8, 2010) Deep-sea floors represent one of the largest and most complex of distinctive morphological characters, and their unfamiliarity to ecosystems on Earth but remain essentially unexplored. The meiofaunal workers, which means that they are often overlooked. vastness and remoteness of this ecosystem make deep-sea sam- During the past decade, molecular studies revealed an aston- pling difficult, hampering traditional taxonomic observations and ishing diversity of early foraminifera (4), along with numerous diversity assessment. This problem is particularly true in the case of descriptions of new deep-sea monothalamous species and genera the deep-sea meiofauna, which largely comprises small-sized, frag- (5). The sequences of early lineages were particularly abundant fi ile, and dif cult-to-identify metazoans and protists. Here, we in- in environmental DNA surveys of marine (6), freshwater (7), and troduce an ultra-deep sequencing-based metagenetic approach to soil (8) ecosystems.
    [Show full text]