COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT : WESTERN WAYNE COUNTY
Prepared by:
This report is made possible by a generous grant from The Kresge Foundation
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... 2 Table of Figures ...... 4 Table of Tables ...... 5 Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …6
Introduction ...... 14 Outline of Report ...... 15 Overview of Trends in Wayne County ...... 15 Starfish Service Area ...... 21 Demographics of the Starfish Communities ...... 23 Barriers for Families and Children...... 27 Barrier 1: Lack of Financial Resources ...... 27 Barrier 2: Lack of Parental Resources to Cope with Stress ...... 32 Barrier 3: Instability of Housing and Neighborhoods ...... 39 Barrier 4: Community Policies, Institutions, and Programs ...... 44 Barrier 5: Access: Transportation, Services, Information ...... 48 The Stress Index ...... 51 Summary of Stressors ...... 52 II. Availability of Resources ...... 53 A. Starfish Programs ...... 53 (1) Programs for Parents, Caregivers, and Children...... 53 (2) Early Childhood Development Programs ...... 56 (3) Programs for Youth, Teens, and Young Adults ...... 59 (4) Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs (Lifespan Clinical Service) ...... 61 B. Other Programs and Resources ...... 63 (1) Medical: ...... 64 (a) Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists ...... 64 (b) Hospitals, community clinics, family planning clinics, county health department sites, and Federally Qualified Health Care sites ...... 66 (2) Behavioral health: outpatient community mental health facilities ...... 68 (3) Education ...... 69 (a) GED (General Equivalency Diploma) classes...... 69 (b) Community Colleges ...... 70 (c) Early Head Start (EHS), Head Start (HS), Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP)...... 71
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(4) Workforce Development ...... 72 (5) Child care ...... 73 (a) Parenting and caregiver programs ...... 73 (b) Licensed child care providers ...... 74 (1) Registered family homes ...... 74 (2) Licensed Group homes ...... 76 (3) Relative and aide providers ...... 77 (6) Food pantries and food banks ...... 78 (7) Subsidized housing ...... 79 (8) Youth development programs ...... 80 Strategic Implications ...... 83 Appendices ...... 86 Appendix A ...... 86 Data Sources Utilized in Needs Assessment ...... 86 Appendix B ...... 86 Community Profiles ...... 86 Appendix C ...... 95 Stress Index Value by Census Tract ...... 95 Appendix D ...... 99 Table 1. Locations of Pediatricians and Ob/Gyns in Starfish Communities ...... 99 Table 2. Locations of Hospitals and Health Clinics, Starfish Communities ...... 101 Table 3. Locations of Behavioral Health Facilities, Starfish Communities ...... 101 Table 4. Locations of GED Classes, Starfish Communities ...... 102 Table 5. Locations of Community Colleges, Starfish Communities ...... 102 Table 6. Locations of Early Head Start, Head Start, Great Start, Starfish Communities ...... 103 Table 7. Locations of Workforce Development Organizations, Starfish Communities ...... 104 Table 8. Locations of Parenting and Caregiver Programs, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 104 Table 9. Locations of Registered Family Homes, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 105 Table 10. Locations of Licensed Group Homes, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 107 Table 11. Locations of Food Pantries and Food Banks, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 108 Table 12. Locations of Subsidized Housing, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 109 Table 13. Locations of Civic Recreation Centers, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 110 Table 14. Listing of City and County Parks, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 110
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Table of Figures
Figure 1. Unemployment Trends in Wayne County and Detroit, 2000- 2009 ...... 16 Figure 2. Population of Detroit and Out-Wayne County, 1980 - 2009 ...... 17 Figure 3. Migration Patterns for Wayne County, 2000 - 2009 ...... 17 Figure 4. Wayne County Residents Receiving Food Stamps, 2000 – 2010 ...... 18 Figure 5. Communities in the Starfish Service Area ...... 21 Figure 6. Starfish Service Area Communities by Census Tract ...... 22 Figure 7. Change in Total Population by Community, 2000 - 2010 ...... 23 Figure 8. Change in Population 0 - 4 Years of Age by Community, 2000 - 2010 ...... 24 Figure 9. Population Density (Total Population) by Census Tract, 2009 ...... 25 Figure 10. Population Density (Population 0-4 years) by Census Tract, 2009 ...... 25 Figure 11. Minority Population Distribution by Census Tract, 2009 ...... 26 Figure 12. Median Household Income Distribution by Community, 2009 ...... 27 Figure 13. Percent of Households with Income Less than $20,000 by Census Tract, 2009 ...... 28 Figure 14. Annual Unemployment Rate by Community, 2009 ...... 29 Figure 15. Annual Unemployment Rate by Census Tract, 2009 ...... 30 Figure 16. Percent of Population 25+ with a High School Degree or Less, 2009 ...... 34 Figure 17. Percent of Population 25+ with a Bachelor’s Degree or More, 2009 ...... 35 Figure 18. Percent of Families with Children Headed by Single Parents, 2009 ...... 37 Figure 19. Percent of Families with Children Headed by Single Parents, 2009 ...... 38 Figure 20. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 2 Years or Less, 2009 ...... 39 Figure 21. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 2 Years or Less, 2009 ...... 40 Figure 22. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 5 Years or More, 2009 ...... 41 Figure 23. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 5 Years or More, 2009 ...... 42 Figure 24. Percent of Housing Units in Foreclosure by Community, 3rd Qtr 2010 ...... 43 Figure 25. Percent of Vacant Housing Units by Census Tract, 3rd Qtr 2010 ...... 44 Figure 26. School Districts, and Their Boundaries, Within the Starfish Service Area ...... 45 Figure 27. Student Graduation Rates by School District, 2009 ...... 47 Figure 28. 3rd Grade MEAP Reading Scores for Select School Districts, 2009 ...... 48 Figure 29. Household Vehicle Availability by Community, 2009 ...... 49 Figure 30. SMART Bus Routes for Inkster and Surrounding Communities, 2010 ...... 50 Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract ...... 52 Figure 32. Locations of Starfish’s Programs for Parents, Caregivers, and Children ...... 54 Figure 33. Locations of Starfish’s Early Childhood Development Programs ...... 57 Figure 34 Locations of Starfish’s Youth, Teens, and Young Adult Programs ...... 60 Figure 35. Locations of Starfish’s Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs ...... 62 Figure 36. Locations of Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists in Starfish Communities Subset . 65 Figure 37. Locations of Hospitals and Health Clinics, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 67 Figure 38. Locations of Behavioral Health Facilities, Starfish Communities ...... 68 Figure 39. Locations of GED classes, Starfish Communities ...... 69 Figure 40. Locations of Community Colleges, Starfish Communities ...... 70 Figure 41. Locations of Early Head Start, Head Start, Great Start Readiness Program, Starfish Communities ...... 71 Figure 42. Locations of Workforce Development Organizations, Starfish Communities ...... 72
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Figure 43. Locations of Parenting and Caregiver Programs, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 73 Figure 44. Locations of Registered Family Homes, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 75 Figure 45. Locations of Licensed Group Homes, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 76 Figure 46. Locations of Relative and Aide Providers, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 77 Figure 47. Locations of Food Pantries and Food Banks, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 78 Figure 48. Locations of Subsidized Housing, Starfish Communities Subset...... 79 Figure 49. Civic Recreation Centers, Starfish Service Area Subset ...... 82
Table of Tables
Table 1. Median Household Income in Southeast Michigan, 2000- 2009 ...... 15 Table 2. 2-1-1 Calls by Community, 2009 ...... 31 Table 3. 2-1-1 Calls by Type from Inkster Residents, 2009 and First Half of 2010...... 31 Table 4. Percentage of Children Eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch by School District, 2009-10 School Year ...... 32 Table 5. Educational Attainment by Community, 2009 ...... 33 Table 6. Percent of Births to Teenagers and Unmarried Women by Community, 2006-08 ...... 36 Table 7. Student Attendance and Residence in the Inkster School District, 2009-10 ...... 46 Table 8. Food Access Points in Inkster, 2010 ...... 51 Table 9. Starfish Early Learning Community Clients ...... 54 Table 10. Family Resource Center and Family Success Program Clients ...... 56 Table 11. Starfish Early Head Start Clients ...... 58 Table 12. Starfish Head Start Clients ...... 59 Table 13. Starfish Lifespan Clients ...... 63 Table 14. Population per Pediatrician and Obstetrician/Gynecologist ...... 66 Table 15. Boy Scout Troops by Community, Starfish Communities Subset ...... 81
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Executive Summary
I. Introduction
Starfish Family Services (SFS), headquartered in Inkster, Michigan, is a nonprofit agency serving vulnerable children and families in metro Detroit. Starfish focuses on families with children ages 0 to 5 years through its two largest programming areas: early childhood development and children’s mental health. The agency strives each day to prepare young children for a successful start to school and believes the best way to do this is by providing disadvantaged families with the resources, education, and support they need to stabilize and strengthen the family environment and create lasting parent-child relationships. Starfish’s mission is strengthening families to create brighter futures for children.
As part of its strategic planning process, SFS commissioned Data Driven Detroit to help guide the assessment of the most pressing needs of families and young children in its primary service area as defined by fourteen Western Wayne County communities1. This report represents a thorough review of these issues.
After placing the SFS communities in the context of recent trends in Wayne County as a whole, the report profiles the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the SFS communities and identifies the geographical areas of greatest stress on children and families living in poverty. A stress index summarizes these stressors and locates the areas of most need on a census tract map. The report then reviews the services offered by Starfish and other organizations to support these needs and assesses the gaps between need and availability of services. The report concludes with a set of strategic implications for SFS based on the market analysis.
II. Overview of Trends in Wayne County
The last decade has been one of the most difficult that Wayne County has ever endured. By 2009, median household income had fallen 27% and the unemployment rate had risen to 16.0% from their levels in 2000. Estimates of the poverty rate between 2000 and 2009 show an increase from 16.4% to 24.0% for all persons and from 23.0% to 34.7% for children.
Wayne County's 2009 population fell 6.6% between 2000 and 2009, a loss greater than any other county in the U.S. Decreasing births, coupled with the out-migration of younger residents, often with young children, resulted in a smaller cohort of children under 5 years of age. The population 0-4 years has decreased from 7.4% of the county's population in 2000 to 6.6% in 2009, a 16.3% decrease.
In September 2001, 238,460 Wayne County residents were receiving food stamps. In September 2010 that number had increased to 525,600 residents - a 120 percent increase and a rate of just under 1 of every 3 county residents. Just under half of all recipients were children. In September 2010, 39% of all Wayne County households were recipients of food stamps.
1 Starfish Communities: Canton, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Garden City, Inkster, Livonia, Northville, Northville Township, Plymouth, Plymouth Township, Redford, Taylor, Wayne and Westland
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III. Starfish Service Area
The Starfish communities range from Dearborn on the east, with its large Arab-American population, to Taylor on the south with a mixed population of African Americans and Whites, to the increasingly diverse (a variety of Asian subgroups and increasing numbers of African Americans, Latinos and Arab Americans) community of Canton township and the substantially white populations of Northville, Plymouth, and Livonia on the west and north. The report examines trends across all 14 communities, while turning a focus on Inkster, home base of Starfish, for some of the more detailed analyses. Many of the variables are further analyzed at the census tract level.
IV. Demographics of the Starfish Communities
The total population in July 2010 in the Starfish communities was estimated at 684,500. Most of these communities lost population over the decade. Inkster suffered the largest percentage population loss, about 12%. Dearborn and communities on the outer fringes - Canton Township, Plymouth Township and City, Northville Township and City – reversed the trend and increased population. In keeping with the overall trend, losses occurred in the population of 0-4 year olds. Only Canton and Northville Townships added children in this age cohort.
An analysis of race/ethnicity by census tract shows a heavy concentration of minorities across all census tracts in Inkster, though especially strong in the four tracts south of Michigan Avenue. African Americans represent 63% of Inkster’s population, with small shares of Asians (5%) and Latinos (2%). African Americans are also the dominant group in the high minority census tracts in Northville Township, Redford and Taylor.
V. Barriers to Success for Families and Children in the Starfish Communities
Barrier 1: Lack of Financial Resources The economic differences among communities are stark. At the low end are Inkster, Dearborn, Wayne and Taylor where 15% or more of households make less than the 2009 federal poverty level for a family of four of approximately $20,000 (Inkster is highest at 23%), and 40% or more are below $45,000. On the other end are Livonia, Canton, and the townships of Plymouth and Northville – all less than 10% below $20,000 and less than 25% below $45,000. Unemployment rates by census tract follow a pattern similar to that of income, as unemployment appears especially acute in East Dearborn, Inkster (south of Michigan Avenue), and sections of Taylor, Wayne and Westland.
Race/ethnicity is closely linked to areas of low-income concentration. Inkster tends toward a broad distribution of low income households as do Taylor and Wayne. To the east are the low income areas of Dearborn, concentrated in the Middle Eastern population section.
During calendar year 2009, calls to United Way’s 2-1-1 help line from Inkster residents represented almost 7% of the population of that city on a per capita basis. Taylor, Wayne, Westland and Redford were also well represented. Regardless of time period, the 2-1-1 line is topped by calls regarding the basic needs of utilities, food, and housing.
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Another indicator of economic stress in a community is the percentage of students eligible for the Free and Reduced Lunch Program. In the 2009-10 school year, nine of the thirteen school districts serving the Starfish service area had eligibility levels of 50 percent or more.
Barrier 2: Lack of Parental Resources to Cope With Stress Education plays an important role in access to employment and basic resources. The percentage of adults who did not complete high school or who attained a high school diploma as their highest level of education ranged from lows of 26-30% (Northville Twp., Northville City and Plymouth Twp.) to highs of 55-60% (Garden City, Inkster, Wayne and Taylor).
Early childbearing and single parenthood can further limit access to resources. Teenage mothers accounted for more than one in ten births in Taylor, Wayne and Inkster. The same communities with high shares of teenage births had rates of unmarried mothers, exceeding 50 percent of all births. Taylor, Wayne and Inkster are also at the top of the chart of households headed by single parents with rates ranging from 40 percent to 59 percent.
Barrier 3: Instability of Housing and Neighborhoods The percentage of householders who have lived in their current residence for five or more years can be construed as a measure of housing stability. Slightly more than half the residents in Livonia, Dearborn Heights, Garden City, and Redford have lived in their current home five or more years, while less than one-third of Inkster and Northville households have done so. Foreclosure rates, another indicator of housing and neighborhood instability, varied from 0.9% in Northville Township to 5.2% in Redford Township.
Barrier 4: Community Policies, Institutions, and Programs Inkster, like the majority of communities in the SFS service area, has more than one school district serving its students. The city of Inkster has four school districts within its boundaries. The combination of multiple districts and an open enrollment policy has resulted in a large mismatch between students served and district residents. For example, in the 2009-10 school year, 61% of the students in the Inkster school district had transferred in, while 56% who lived in the district attended school in another district.
There is also a great deal of variation in educational outcomes across school districts. Both Inkster and Westwood schools report graduation rates of only 53%. Garden City and Redford have rates below 70%, while the Northville district has a 95% graduation rate.
Barrier 5: Access: Transportation, Services, Information In a focus group with parents of Starfish children, one mother stated, “People don’t know how to find resources.” Another parent noted that parents need advocacy when seeking the services. Others stated that lack of transportation was a significant barrier, and that only people who have their own cars can access services for their children. Ten percent or more of households in Wayne, Dearborn and Inkster were without a vehicle.
VI. The Stress Index
A “stress index” was created to describe the degree of stress on a community. The index incorporates measures of household income, family structure, educational attainment, residential stability, availability of a vehicle, and residential vacancy.
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The map makes it clear that the highest stress areas lie in the eastern and middle sections of Western Wayne County as well as in Taylor. The three cities of Inkster, Dearborn, and Taylor are particularly high-risk areas as measured by the stress index.
VII. Availability of Resources
This section of the report reviews resources available to address the challenges facing families and children living in poverty in the Starfish service area. It first focuses on the programs offered by Starfish and then reviews programs offered by other organizations.
A. Starfish Programs Addressing the Needs of Children and Families in the Starfish Service Area
Starfish has programs in four categories, as follows: (1) Programs for Parents and Caregivers. These include programs providing training and support for parents and other caregivers; parenting classes; and intensive support for 90 low- income families through the Family Success Program. The Family Resource Center in Inkster offers a wide variety of services, including GED classes. The Early Learning Center program has sites in Inkster, Dearborn, Westland, and Taylor. The other programs are located in Inkster only. (2) Early Childhood Development Programs. Early Head Start (EHS) and Head Start are the two programs in this category. SFS is the only EHS provider in Western Wayne County and runs the program at sites in Inkster and Westland. There are six Head Start sites.
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(3) Programs for Youth, Teens, and Young Adults. This category of programs, all centered in Inkster and Dearborn Heights, includes after school programs; services to homeless and at risk youth and young adults; and a crisis shelter for boys and girls. (4) Children’s Mental Health and Family Counseling Programs. Lifespan Clinical Service, with clinics in Westland and Livonia, is a private clinic providing counseling and guidance to children, teens, adults, and entire families. Starfish has begun providing limited mental health counseling programs in Inkster as well.
B. Other Programs and Resources Addressing the Needs Facing Children and Families in the Starfish Service Area
(1) Medical Needs (a) Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists. Except for Dearborn with Oakwood Hospital, the highest stress index areas are demonstrably not well covered by either pediatricians or obstetrician/gynecologists. (b) Hospitals, community clinics, family planning clinics, county health department sites, and Federally Qualified Health Care sites. The largest hospital in the area, Oakwood, is located in a low risk area of Dearborn. However, the smaller hospitals, some of them Oakwood affiliates, are located in high-risk areas of Inkster, Taylor, Wayne, and Westland. East Dearborn, an area of considerable poverty, is served by the ACCESS Community Health and Research Center and Dearborn Health Department.
The two Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) are located in Inkster and Taylor. Both offer primary and obstetrical, mental health, dental, and pharmaceutical services. Inkster and Taylor also have Teen Health Centers serving ages 10 – 21.
(2) Behavioral Health: Outpatient Community Mental Health facilities. While there are community mental health facilities located in high stress areas of Inkster, Wayne, Westland, and Taylor, need is greater than availability in Western Wayne County. Conversely, the behavioral health services that are available are sometimes not used due to stigma and accessibility.
(3) Education (a) GED Classes. Several GED programs are clustered in or near Inkster although the high stress index and low education level areas are not well supplied with accessible GED classes. (b) Community Colleges. Community colleges in Western Wayne County generally are not located in the high stress or high unemployment areas. (c) Early Head Start (EHS), Head Start (HS), Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP). There are only two EHS locations in the Starfish service area, both run by Starfish. There are 20 Head Start and 19 Great Start Readiness Program sites in the Starfish service area. The Head Start sites are particularly well placed to serve at risk populations.
(4) Workforce Development There are no workforce development centers located directly in Inkster but a Westland center is situated just south of the highest stress area in Inkster. Other workforce development centers are located in the high-risk areas of Wayne, Taylor, and Dearborn.
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(5) Child Care a) Parenting and caregiver programs. These programs include Early Learning Communities, Family Resource Centers, and parenting classes. Starfish is the dominant player in this type of program. There is a notable lack of parenting and caregiver resources available in the high stress areas of Wayne, Westland, the northern part of Taylor, and much of East Dearborn. b) Licensed child care providers (1) Registered family homes. These are abundant in much of the area, with the exceptions of East Dearborn and southern Taylor. However, each registered family home is limited to caring for only six children, and the children can be of all ages, (2) Licensed group homes. Licensed Group homes can accept up to 12 children. They, too, can have children of all ages. Inkster, especially south of Michigan Avenue, and Westland have the greatest numbers of group homes, although there are relatively few licensed group homes in other communities, particularly in the southern section of Taylor and East Dearborn. c) Relative and aide providers. These providers are informal caregivers now mandated to receive training through the Early Learning Communities program in order to receive a subsidy from the Michigan Department of Social Services for caring for children from families receiving state aid. Here one finds a better congruence between high-risk areas and the availability of child care given by relatives and aide providers.
(6) Food pantries and banks. There are numerous food pantries located in high stress areas with the marked exceptions of Dearborn and Westland. However, there are limitations to the amount of help these pantries can provide. A significant issue limiting accessibility to pantries is their hours of operation.
(7) Subsidized housing. Subsidized housing exists in most of the highest risk communities with the exception of parts of Dearborn.
(8) Youth development programs. Youth development programs include after school programs such as the Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts as well as civic recreation centers and city and county parks. The lack of recreation activities was, like the lack of transportation, a recurrent theme in the focus groups. There are no Boys & Girls Clubs in the highest stress communities; however, there are Girl Scout and Boy Scout troops. All the cities have at least one municipal recreation center.
VIII. Strategic Implications
Following is a set of key implications for consideration in Starfish strategic planning as well as in community dialogue and action to begin to address the significant challenges facing families and children highlighted by this study. The implications are grouped into “General” and “Programmatic.”
General: Currently, many of the agency’s programs are only offered in Inkster, creating access barriers for high need families elsewhere in the county. An opportunity exists for Starfish to build capacity and better demonstrate its impact in Inkster in order to replicate and scale its service model in other high stress communities.
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Starfish has significant early childhood expertise and reach within Western Wayne County and seeks to strengthen this area as a true “best practices” model. The current Inkster initiative, focusing on child (0 to 5) outcomes, is a critical focal point for the agency. A model program developed in Inkster can be taken to other communities in the years to come. The complexity and depth of issues facing families in Western Wayne County requires cross systems collaboration and systems level change to positively impact the trajectory of low-income families. Advocacy and public policy will be cornerstones of any high impact and sustained effort. Transportation is a major issue in Inkster as well as other low-income areas in surrounding communities. The Starfish main facility is not conveniently located for easy access by public transportation. The transience of families and day-to-day mobility of children (leaving and entering school districts) further complicate the inadequate transportation situation and have implications for service delivery. Access to information on programming and resources is quite limited. There appears to be no “centralized” source of information around childcare, food access, recreation, education classes, etc. There is an opportunity for Starfish to collaborate to develop a comprehensive resource guide and identify a variety of communication strategies for making sure people who need the information are able to receive it.
Programmatic / Gap Analysis: Programs for Parents and Caregivers: Basic educational and literacy services addressing the low educational attainment of many parents and caregivers are limited. With few exceptions, the highest stress index areas are not well covered by either pediatricians or obstetricians/gynecologists.
Early Childhood Development Programs: Prenatal and infant services are highly limited. Starfish Early Head Start reach is significantly limited with only 64 funded slots to cover 14 communities.
Programs for Youth, Teens, and Young Adults: There is an opportunity for additional youth enrichment and recreation programs and services in many of the high stress communities.
Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs: Starfish has an opportunity to offer new outpatient services in the high stress areas outlined in this study. The Livonia Lifespan Clinic is a good distance from the pockets of high stress in Western Wayne County; the Westland clinic is better situated. Nevertheless, the high areas of need in Inkster, Taylor, Wayne, and Dearborn have limited access to specialized children’s and family services through outpatient clinics.
Summary of Implications Data Driven Detroit (D3) believes that Starfish Family Services is well poised to support low- income families in Western Wayne County. With more than a dozen service sites and a broad
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D3 recommends that Starfish staff give high priority to the community/client orientation sought through this study in its ongoing work, seeking out more feedback from the community in its day-to-day operations. Starfish administrators, staff, and board would do well to sit down regularly with the parents and older children who participate in their programs to learn their views on the challenges this report has identified. With additional infrastructure for community outreach and engagement, Starfish could take the lead in convening other agencies to do further community outreach and offer better coordinated service delivery.
It is of critical importance that extra effort in seeking input is targeted to the high stress areas of Western Wayne County with large concentrations of ethnic and racial minorities. Due to historical patterns of marginalization, these groups often feel socially isolated. As a result, bridges need to be built to gain trust with the range of races and cultures in Western Wayne, helping to alleviate service fragmentation and encourage participation by the most vulnerable families.
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Introduction
Starfish Family Services (SFS), headquartered in Inkster, Michigan, is a nonprofit agency serving vulnerable children and families in metro Detroit. The agency strives each day to prepare young children for a successful start to school, and believes the best way to do this is by providing disadvantaged families with the resources, education, and support they need to stabilize and strengthen the family environment and create lasting parent-child relationships. Starfish’s mission is strengthening families to create brighter futures for children.
Starfish primarily focuses on families with children ages 0 to 5 years through its two largest programming areas: early childhood development and children’s mental health. Each day, 700 children under age five from low income families are in one of Starfish’s seven high quality Head Start or Early Head Start preschool centers. As a specialized provider of children’s mental health services, SFS works to ensure kids thrive emotionally and behaviorally. Starfish is a leading provider of these and other programs, including: family services and parenting programs, after school programs, and an emergency shelter for teens and youth in crisis.
Starfish has more than a dozen service sites in Wayne County and serves over 9,500 children and families each year. Named one of Detroit Free Press’ Top Work Places 2010, Starfish has 280 employees and a $13 million operating budget.
As a result of SFS strategic planning, SFS identified the need to develop an integrated and holistic strategy and operational plan to build on the agency’s strong foundation of early childhood and mental health services in southeast Michigan. As part of an early childhood planning grant from The Kresge Foundation, this report was commissioned to help guide the assessment of the most pressing needs of families and young children in the communities SFS serves. This report represents a thorough look at these issues and includes the following elements as requested by SFS:
1. Demographic profiles of the 14 western Wayne County communities2 served by SFS. 2. Identification and prioritization of the areas of greatest need for families living in poverty in western Wayne County (needs defined in terms of SFS’s mission). 3. Identification and description of other service providers who offer support in the areas of greatest need. 4. Assessment of the gaps between the need for services and availability of services. 5. A set of accompanying strategic implications for SFS based on the market analysis.
2 Starfish Communities: Canton, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Garden City, Inkster, Livonia, Northville, Northville Township, Plymouth, Plymouth Township, Redford, Taylor, Wayne and Westland
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Outline of Report
We begin this report with an overview of socioeconomic and demographic trends in Wayne County in order to provide a context for what is seen in the fourteen Western Wayne County communities in the Starfish service area. Following the overview and an introduction to the Starfish service area, we examine a variety of barriers facing Starfish children and families that can jeopardize children’s success in school. A “stress index” summarizes these barriers and allows us to identify the geographical areas of greatest need.
Once we have identified the major barriers and the geographical locations of greatest need, we examine the availability of services to meet the needs as well as gaps between need and availability. We close with a discussion of the study’s implications for Starfish programming and overall agency strategy.
Overview of Trends in Wayne County
The last decade has been one of the most difficult that Wayne County has ever endured. While it started out at a high point - the year 2000 being one of the best for resident income (median household income was $52,491 in 2009 dollars) and employment (911,000 employed/unemployment rate of 4.3 percent) - the Michigan recession that started soon after the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2001 took its toll. By 2009,3 median household income had fallen 27 percent to $38,192. Recently released annual employment figures for 2009 show that the number of employed residents had fallen by over 183,000 and the unemployment rate had risen to 16.0 percent.4,5 The greatest losses have been experienced in manufacturing - jobs that generally paid quite well, came with benefits and required relatively low levels of education. Estimates of the poverty rate between 2000 and 2009 show an increase from 16.4 to 24.0 percent for all persons and from 23.0 to 34.7 percent for children.6 Detroit had the highest poverty rates in the country, among large cities, in 2009 - 36.4 and 50.8 percent, respectively.
Table 1. Median Household Income in Southeast Michigan, 2000- 2009
2000* 2009 Change, 2000 - 2009
City of Detroit $38,089 $26,098 -11,991 -31.3% Southeast Michigan $63,303 $48,535 -14,768 -23.3% Macomb County $67,070 $50,553 -16,517 -24.6% Oakland County $79,692 $62,308 -17,384 -21.8% Wayne County $52,491 $38,192 -14,299 -27.2% Michigan $57,499 $45,255 -12,244 -21.3% United States $54,058 $50,221 -3,837 -7.1% * Note: All 2000 monetary values are adjusted to 2009 dollars using U.S. Consumer Price Research Series Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U-RS) from 1999 to 2009. Source: U.S. Department of Labor
3 The date reported for each variable in the text is the most recent that is available. 4 It must be pointed out that this is a discussion of Wayne County as an entire entity. It is comprised of 43 separate units of government. While each has suffered from the recession, all have not been affected equally. 5 While employment numbers have shown slight increases in 2010 (September unemployment was 14.4%), monthly volatility supports the use of the latest annual average as the most accurate measure. 6 Poverty rates for children less than 5 years were similar to those for all children.
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Figure 1. Unemployment Trends in Wayne County and Detroit, 2000- 2009 30% Wayne County 25.0% 25% Detroit
Out-Wayne
20%
16.2%
15%
9.4% 10% 7.3%
5% 4.3% 2.4%
0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: MI Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth
Wayne County's population has fallen by 135,313 persons (6.6%) between 2000 and 2009, a loss greater than any other county in the U.S. Several factors have contributed to this loss.7 The number of births in the county has dropped by 17.5 percent between 2000 and 2008. The majority of this decrease can be attributed to the City of Detroit where births have decreased by 26.9 percent (8.1 percent in out-Wayne). The decrease in Wayne County deaths - 7.3 percent - can also be attributed to Detroit, where the number of deaths dropped by 17.9 percent while the out-county number actually increased by 2.7 percent. The combination of these factors resulted in a decrease in population growth due to natural increase. The factor that is driving the majority of demographic trends in the county is out-migration. While Wayne County has historically seen more people leave the county than come in on an annual basis, the numbers experienced this decade have been almost unprecedented.
7 Population change is affected by the following: Births - Deaths = Natural Increase / In-Migration - Out-Migration = Net Migration.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Figure 2. Population of Detroit and Out-Wayne County, 1980 - 2009
1,400,000 Detroit Out-Wayne 1,134,475 1,200,000 1,109,892 1,124,594 1,112,349 1,083,741 1,090,355 1,037,867 1,014,928 1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Census Bureau Estimates Program
While immigrants - particularly from the Middle East, Mexico and South and Central America - continue to come to Wayne County to live, the native-born population has been leaving. Detroiters heading to the near-in suburbs, combined with out-county residents moving to adjoining counties or leaving the Detroit region entirely, have brought about a net loss of 267,576 residents between 2000 and 2009.
Figure 3. Migration Patterns for Wayne County, 2000 - 2009 20,000
Domestic Immigration Net Migration
10,000
0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
-10,000
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
-50,000 Source: Census Bureau Estimates Program
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The decreasing births, coupled with the out-migration of younger residents, often with young children,8 has resulted in a smaller cohort of children under 5 years of age, a cohort that is facing unprecedented hardships. The population 0-4 years has decreased from 152,600 (7.4% of the county's population) in 2000 to 127,757 (6.6%) in 2009, representing a decrease of 16.3 percent in the cohort. The cohort of children between the ages of 5 and 13 years experienced an even greater decrease, as the combination of decreasing numbers with decreasing age coupled with family relocation resulted in a 22.2 percent decrease. Only the oldest cohort - children 14 to 17 years - experienced an increase (2.4 percent). This is the result of larger numbers of births in the 1991 - 1994 period and the likelihood of older, more economically stable parents.
Regardless of age, though concentrated more for the youngest, the recession has resulted in large numbers of these children seeing their parents unemployed or underemployed, many of whom are needing to seek out community services for the first time. The best example of this is the county's food stamp rolls. In September 2001, 238,460 Wayne County residents were receiving food stamps. In September 2010 that number had increased to 525,600 residents - a 120 percent increase and a rate of just under 1 of every 3 county residents (Figure 4). Just under half of all recipients - 237,911 - were children. An analysis of households receiving food stamps shows that 39 percent of all Wayne County households were recipients in September 2010. While the urban core communities of Detroit, Highland Park, Inkster, etc. have continued to suffer to the greatest extent, this recession has affected all segments of the population and all communities across the county.
Figure 4. Wayne County Residents Receiving Food Stamps, 2000 – 2010 600,000
525,600 494,266 500,000
412,778 400,000 378,457 361,145 369,737 338,030 301,358 300,000 274,703 258,478 225,842
200,000
100,000
0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Sep-10
Source: Michigan Department of Human Services
8 Out-migration tends to be driven by a younger demographic - the young tend to be more mobile and young families are often looking for better education opportunities for their children.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
In addition to job losses, the foreclosure crisis has added a significant level of need and strife to families throughout the county. Beginning in 2005-06 with the subprime loan crisis in the lower income communities, foreclosures due to interest-only and balloon mortgages that made payments unaffordable moved to the higher income suburbs. Families that saw large mortgages as investments, due to increasing housing values, found themselves "underwater" as home values in Wayne County and the Detroit region fell back to 1995 levels. The result has been increasing numbers of children who are, at best, moving to apartments or living with friends or neighbors, or, at worst, finding themselves homeless.
Increasing human service needs are coming at a time of decreasing government program funding. Deficits at the state and local levels are resulting in decreasing program allocations - allocations that cannot be supplemented to a large degree by the philanthropic community, due in part to the decrease in assets caused by losses in the stock market. The national debate on health care legislation comes at a time when increasing numbers of individuals - often termed the "working poor" - are without insurance. State programs have endeavored to reach out to enroll all children, but many adults are not aware of the programs - often the result of the large numbers of parents with low levels of literacy. In addition, such programs do not help the pregnant woman without health care, or living in an area with few OB/GYN or Pediatric practitioners, receive adequate prenatal care.
Early childhood education is critical to ensure that children are prepared to succeed when they start kindergarten. Studies have shown9 that children from low-income families/neighborhoods tend to begin school with vocabularies less than half those of children from middle class families/neighborhoods. Such deficits are seldom made up, with the result of falling farther and farther behind and often dropping out. Local efforts, such as the Great Start Collaboratives around creating a community of quality childcare and developing a kindergarten readiness assessment tool, are trying to address the issue. However, the economy has resulted in fewer and fewer children attending childcare facilities, as families try to bring resources to the table by utilizing less costly child care arrangements.
Declining property values have increased the strain on the resources that public school systems have available. Decreasing student-age populations have driven some districts to make unpopular school closing decisions, while others have compensated for district resident loss by marketing to adjoining districts. Increased competition for a decreasing base is a recipe for disaster. Wayne County's decreasing population and tax base cannot sustain the current number of public school districts (not to mention charters, private and parochial portions) - many of which divide communities.10
The national economic news seems to be improving and, while Michigan always is first to enter and last to leave a recession, it appears that we may be finally reaching the bottom. There are some positive signs in the Wayne County employment trends. Employment appears to be growing and a number of announcements of new plant openings - many new technology auto- related (e.g. batteries) - support this trend. It is obvious, however, that the manufacturing jobs of the future will both require higher levels of education and skills than the past, and will come with lower salary levels and benefits. We are looking at a minimum of 3-5 years before residential and commercial property values will begin to rise and bring more funding to local
9 The work of the Harlem Children's Zone is a perfect example that has been lifted up by President Obama and supported for replication in his new Promise Neighborhoods legislation. 10 The City of Inkster provides the perfect example of public school system fragmentation. As will be detailed in the report, the city is divided by four school districts. Due to open enrollment and marketing, each of these districts serves a number of students from outside their boundaries, while many of their residents go elsewhere.
19 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT government. The State is facing several years of large deficits that will require difficult programmatic decisions. We look to a new Governor and many new legislators to make the hard decisions that must be made. In addition, the philanthropic community, while increasing the share of assets that they are putting into the community, is still struggling.
The case for Early Childhood investment, and increased investment in our educational infrastructure at all levels, has been made over and over again -- we must find the means to do that. Support for our children from cradle to career is critical, but to do this we must provide their parents with the resources they need to be successful and raise healthy, successful children. Starfish Family Services is positioned well to help provide these supports across their service area, with a concentration in their “home” community of Inkster. They recognize that one must have accurate and timely information in order to assess the landscape and prioritize the needs of the community. This needs assessment is an important step in that journey.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Starfish Service Area
Figure 5 outlines the Western Wayne County communities in Starfish’s service area.11 These communities range from Dearborn on the east, with its large Arab-American population, to Taylor on the south with a mixed population of African Americans and Whites, to the increasingly diverse (a variety of Asian subgroups and increasing numbers of African Americans, Latinos and Arab Americans) community of Canton township and the substantially white populations of Northville, Plymouth, and Livonia on the west and north. We will examine a number of demographic, socioeconomic and housing trends across all 14 communities, while focusing on Inkster for some of the more detailed analyses.
Figure 5. Communities in the Starfish Service Area
It is often the case that data presented at the community level fail to show the degree of variation that occurs at the neighborhood level. The ability to understand neighborhood-level
11 The fourteen communities represent the majority of Starfish’s clients and are also defined service areas for Starfish’s federal Early Head Start contract.
21 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT variations through census tract12 data presentation will allow Starfish Family Services to more easily demonstrate service gaps (areas of need where services are few or nonexistent) and plan for programs. The large numbers of families who need assistance of various types, coupled with the limited transportation options available in the community, make the importance of locating services where the need is greatest that much more critical.
Figure 6. Starfish Service Area Communities by Census Tract
12 Census Tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county and are updated by local participants prior to each decennial census. The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of statistical data. Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people with an optimum size of 4,000 people. The spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on the density of settlement. Census tract boundaries are delineated with the intention of being maintained over a long time so that statistical comparisons can be made from census to census.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Demographics of the Starfish Communities
The total population in July 2010 in the Starfish communities was estimated at 684,500. In keeping with the Wayne County trend, most of these communities lost population over the decade, as shown below (Figure 7). The older communities that form the core of the service area showed the greatest losses. Inkster suffered the largest population loss over the decade, about 12%. Dearborn, however, reversed the trend with population growth due to continued Middle East immigration and higher birth rates, resulting in larger households. The growth communities were those on the outer fringes - Canton Township, Plymouth Township and City, Northville Township and City - which, up until 2006-07, experienced a great deal of new residential construction. While the economy slowed construction throughout the region, these areas were able to hold onto their population growth.
Figure 7. Change in Total Population by Community, 2000 - 2010 Total Population, 2000 - 2010 120,000
98,752 100,886 100,000 2000 2010 89,727 83,446 80,000
63,936 60,000 55,351 47,846
40,000 29,247 26,636 27,976 28,336
20,000 17,640 11,341 3,500 0
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, SEMCOG
Consistent with the overall population declines that occurred in the majority of Starfish communities, losses also followed for the population of 0-4 year olds. Only the two communities that experienced the greatest overall population increases - Canton and Northville Townships - were able to add children in this age cohort (Figure 8).
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Figure 8. Change in Population 0 - 4 Years of Age by Community, 2000 - 2010 Population 0-4 Years, 2000 - 2009
9,000
8,000
6,971 6,938 2000 2009 7,000
6,000 5,533 5,340 5,000 4,326 4,000 3,444 3,193 3,000 2,013 2,000 1,741 1,607 1,386 1,252
1,000 530 187 -
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Demographics Now
While the population can vary widely at the census tract level, due to both housing density and mere size of the tract, the computation of population density (population per square mile) allows one to standardize across geographic variations and make “apples to apples" comparisons. An analysis of population density by census tract (Figure 9) shows that the highest density areas trend toward the older, more urban, portions of the Starfish service area. This includes Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Inkster, Garden City, Redford Township, Westland, and portions of Taylor. Dearborn’s density pattern is notable for its tripartite division, with the highest density areas in the eastern and western sections of the city, separated by the downtown business district.
Figure 10 illustrates the population density of 0-4 year olds by census tract. While the pattern is relatively similar to that of the total population, the areas of highest concentration become fewer. A more concentrated area of East Dearborn rises to the top, and is followed by two “neighborhoods” in Inkster, one on the south end of Taylor, one in Westland and two in Canton Township.
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Figure 9. Population Density (Total Population) by Census Tract, 2009
Figure 10. Population Density (Population 0-4 years) by Census Tract, 2009
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While the study was not intended to delve into issues of race/ethnicity, the fact that race plays such a large role in SE Michigan necessitates that a basic view of its distribution across the Starfish service area be provided.13 Figure 11 presents a rather simplistic view in that it divides the population into two groups: (1) non-Hispanic Whites and (2) all other classifications, which we have labeled “minority.”
The most obvious take away from this map is the heavy concentration of persons of color across all census tracts, though much more south in the four tracts south of Michigan Avenue, in Inkster. African Americans represent 63 percent of Inkster’s population, while small shares of Asians (5 percent) and Latinos (2 percent) also call Inkster home. African Americans are also the dominant group in the high minority census tracts in Northville Township, Redford and Taylor. While not classified as a race, or listed separately as an ethnic group for which the Census Bureau collects information, the Middle Eastern community of Dearborn shows itself to some degree by answering “Other race” on the census questionnaire and thus falling into our minority classification. Canton Township’s rapid growth over the last twenty years has resulted in an influx of a wide range of non-white population groups – Asian (11 percent), African American (8 percent), Latinos (3 percent) and Middle Eastern.
Figure 11. Minority Population Distribution by Census Tract, 2009
13 While the map illustrates the percentages of minorities, it does not differentiate racial/ethnic composition within the “minority” classification. The community and census tract profiles included in Appendix B provide detail on the racial and ethnic composition of each area.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Barriers for Families and Children
Barrier 1: Lack of Financial Resources
While the previous discussion demonstrated some of the variations across the communities (as well as across neighborhoods within communities) in the Starfish service area, nowhere are those variations as stark as when one looks at economic vitality and resource access. The first measure we look at is that of median household income. Figure 12 illustrates income differences by showing the distribution of households, by percent, in four income categories for 2009: less than $20,000 (a figure that approximates the federal poverty threshold for a family of four – $22,050); between $20,000 and $44,999; $45,000 to $99,999; and $100,000 and over.
The differences among communities are quite large. At the low end are the communities of Inkster, Dearborn, Wayne and Taylor where 15 percent or more of households make less than $20,000 (Inkster is highest at 23 percent), and 40 percent or more are below $45,000. On the other end of the spectrum are Livonia, Canton, and the townships of Plymouth and Northville – all less than 10 percent below $20,000 and less than 25 percent below $45,000.
It must be understood that the lower income communities do have pockets of prosperity, while the high-income communities have pockets of need. Canton Township is a good example in that, while generally middle class and above, there are neighborhoods with high numbers of multi-unit rentals (both high end and low) and others populated primarily by mobile home parks.
Figure 12. Median Household Income Distribution by Community, 2009 Households Annual Income in 2009 Inkster 23% 27% 36% 13% Dearborn 18% 23% 36% 23% Wayne 17% 23% 40% 21% Taylor 15% 26% 40% 19% Westland 13% 25% 42% 20% Plymouth 12% 22% 35% 31% Northville 12% 20% 28% 40% Garden City 11% 21% 47% 21% Dearborn Heights 10% 25% 43% 22% Redford 9% 24% 48% 19% Livonia 7% 17% 39% 36% Canton 6% 15% 34% 45% Plymouth Township 5% 16% 30% 49% Northville Township 5% 11% 26% 58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% less than $20,000 $20,000 - $44,999 Detroit 29% Michigan 15% [less than $20K]
Source: Demographics Now
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Figure 13, which maps out the percentage of households with income less than $20,000 at the census tract level, illustrates the point that lower income communities do have pockets of prosperity, while the high-income communities have pockets of need. The discussion of race/ethnicity needs to be remembered as one looks at areas of low-income concentration. Inkster, with one primary exception, tends toward a broad distribution of low income households. Areas of African American concentration in Taylor and Wayne also show this pattern. Racial gaps and issues of race equity need to be explored as programs and services are created.14 To the east we find the low income areas of Dearborn. Obviously concentrated in the Middle Eastern population section on the east side, ethnic family ties, a strong social service network provided by ACCESS, and a resource rich community can help to alleviate some of the issues generally associated with low income areas.
Figure 13. Percent of Households with Income Less than $20,000 by Census Tract, 2009
14 The concept of Neighborhoods of Opportunity was developed by John Powell at Ohio State University. Utilizing a number of factors, he coded census tracts in SE MI from Very Low Opportunity to Very High Opportunity. By introducing race/ethnicity into the equation, he was able to demonstrate that over 65 percent of whites lived in areas of High or Very High Opportunity, while only 3.9 percent of African Americans did so. Such a pattern means that the vast majority of African American families are located in neighborhoods with limited resources and points of access. This report will explore this more as it looks at service locations and gaps across the service area and takes a deeper dive into Inkster.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The Wayne County overview addressed the issue of job loss and increasing unemployment. Figure 14 shows the average 2009 unemployment rates for those communities covered by the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth. The unemployment rate provides only an estimate of true unemployment in an area. One must be actively searching for work to be counted. The recession that has hit those without education and skills the hardest has resulted in a large number of discouraged workers – a group that, while not working, does not get counted. Add to this those who can only get part time work and those who, while employed, have had to find jobs paying less than what they made previously. With these caveats in mind, the relatively high rates that are shown below must be viewed as underestimates.
Figure 14. Annual Unemployment Rate by Community, 2009 Annual Unemployment Rate, 2009
Inkster 18.2%
Taylor 12.6%
Dearborn 10.5%
Dearborn Heights 9.7%
Garden City 9.6%
Westland 9.1% Detroit = 25.0% Redford Township 7.8%
Livonia 6.4% Michigan = 13.4%
Canton Township 5.2%
Plymouth Township 4.4%
Northville Township 3.4%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Source: Michigan Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth, Annual, 2009
Once again, we look at our measure by neighborhood. This mapping of unemployment rates by census tract allows us to see a pattern similar to that of low income, as unemployment appears especially acute in East Dearborn, Inkster (particularly south of Michigan Avenue), and sections of Taylor, Wayne and Westland.
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Figure 15. Annual Unemployment Rate by Census Tract, 2009
United Way for Southeastern Michigan’s (UWSEM) 2-1-1 help line functions as an information and referral resource for residents dealing with issues ranging from rent assistance to college scholarships. Reports coming out of UWSEM have documented the increasing numbers of calls that they have been receiving each year since 2-1-1’s creation in 2005-06. Needless to say, these calls have been driven by the recession and the increasing numbers of SE MI families who find themselves in need of financial assistance.
UWSEM supported this market study and aggregated data from their 2-1-1 system for communities in the Starfish Service area. An analysis by number of 2-1-1 calls from the Starfish communities during calendar year 2009 reveals that the 1,987 calls from Inkster residents represented almost 7% of the population of that city on a per capita basis (Table 2).15 Taylor, Wayne, Westland and Redford were also well represented in volume of contacts.
15 The total calls figure represents the total number of calls received from ZIP Codes in each community. There is no way for the system to calculate unique individual callers, so totals will include multiple calls from individuals or households where they occur.
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Table 2. 2-1-1 Calls by Community, 2009 Community Total 2-1-1 Calls, Calls as Percent 2009 of Population
Inkster 1,987 6.9% Taylor 2,737 4.1% Wayne 693 3.6% Redford 1,827 3.5% Westland 2,631 3.0% Dearborn Heights 1,238 2.1% Garden City 523 1.7% Dearborn 1,547 1.6% Canton 1,055 1.1% Livonia 991 1.0% Plymouth 370 1.0% Northville 275 0.9% Source: United Way for Southeastern Michigan
While communities differed in their frequency of calls to 2-1-1, the issues that generated the majority of calls were similar. Table 3 shows the breakdown of types of service referrals for Inkster residents during calendar year 2009 and the first two quarters of 2010. As one might expect, the list, regardless of time period, is topped by calls regarding the basic needs of utilities, food, and housing.
Table 3. 2-1-1 Calls by Type from Inkster Residents, 2009 and First Half of 2010
Calls to 2-1-1 from Inkster Residents
Total Calls Jan. - Dec. 2009 = 1,987 Total Calls Jan. - Mar. 2010 = 477 Jan. - Dec. Jan. - Mar. Apr. - Jun. Total Calls Apr. - Jun. 2010 = 572 2009 2010 2010 Top Services Referred % of Calls % of Calls % of Calls Gas Service Payment Assistance 14% 14% 16% Food Pantries 12% 10% 8% Rent Payment Assistance 8% 6% 10% General Furniture Provision 5% 3% 2% Electric Service Payment Assistance 5% * 3% Homeless Shelter 4% * 3% Community Clinics 3% * 4% Job Search/Placement 3% * 1% General Clothing Provision 3% * 1% General Legal Aid 3% * 1% Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program sites * 12% 1% Child Care Provider Training * 6% 8% Undesignated Temporary Financial Assistance * * 3% General Dentistry * * 3% * Data not available for these time periods Source: United Way for Southeast Michigan
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Another indicator of economic stress in a community, and one that is available on an annual basis, in a rather timely fashion, is the percentage of students eligible for the Free and Reduced Lunch Program.16 Table 4 below shows that nine of the thirteen school districts serving the Starfish Service area had eligibility levels of 50 percent or more. Three of the four districts that serve portions of the City of Inkster had the highest shares of eligible students (Inkster, Westwood, Taylor, and Wayne-Westland).17
Table 4. Percentage of Children Eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch by School District, 2009-10 School Year Free and Reduced Lunch Program
School District % Eligible Inkster 77% Westwood 72% Taylor 66% Dearborn 62% Dearborn Heights #7 60% Wayne-Westland 58% Redford Union 58% Crestwood 56% South Redford 50% Garden City 43% Livonia 22% Plymouth-Canton 15% Northville 5%
Memo: Detroit 79% Source: Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI)
Barrier 2: Lack of Parental Resources to Cope with Stress
Education We begin our look at parental resources by recognizing the importance that education plays in access to employment and the associated skills that allow one to better identify and access basic resources. Parental education also influences the importance placed on education for children in the home, and the personal resources families bring to raising their children.
Table 5 shows, at the community level, both ends of the education spectrum - the percentage of persons 25 years and over with a high school diploma or less education and the percentage of
16 Eligibility for this program is based on the federal poverty guidelines. Eligibility for free lunch (and breakfast) requires the family to be at or below 130 percent of the poverty threshold. Eligibility for reduced price lunch requires that the family income be at or below 185 percent of the poverty threshold. 17 It should be understood that many school districts are only loosely reflective of municipal boundaries. As stated above, Inkster is subdivided by four districts, some of which also serve portions of other cities. A map of district boundaries is included in a later section of the report.
32 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT those with a bachelor’s degree or more. Once again, we see the extremely wide variation that exists across communities in the Starfish Service area.
The percent of adults who did not complete high school or attained a high school diploma as their highest level of education ranged from lows of 26 to 30 percent (Northville Twp., Northville City and Plymouth Twp., respectively) to highs between 55 and 60 percent (Garden City, Inkster, Wayne and Taylor, respectively).
The gap among communities was even greater when comparing high and low rates of college graduation. The high end represented a mirror image of the last analysis as Northville Twp., Northville City and Plymouth Twp. led the pack in college graduation rates (49, 47 and 43 percent, respectively). Taylor, Garden City, Inkster and Wayne came in on the low end with rates of 11, 12, 15 and 15 percent, respectively.
Table 5. Educational Attainment by Community, 2009 Persons 25 Percent High Percent Years and School College over Graduate or Graduate or Less more Canton Township 59,610 31% 38% Dearborn 64,008 45% 28% Dearborn Heights 40,937 53% 19% Garden City 20,344 55% 12% Inkster 18,208 55% 15% Livonia 71,523 39% 30% Northville 2,303 29% 47% Northville Township 20,727 26% 49% Plymouth 6,709 32% 40% Plymouth Township 20,730 30% 43% Redford Township 34,869 49% 18% Taylor 43,384 60% 11% Wayne 12,875 57% 15% Westland 60,663 51% 18%
Source: DemographicsNow
The two maps that follow take these ends of the education spectrum and illustrate them at the census tract level. Figure 16 covers the percentage of the population age 25 and older with a high school diploma or less, while Figure 17 illustrates college graduation rates.
The high school degree map reveals a degree of concentration that was not evident in the maps of income and unemployment. The City of Taylor, which had the lowest level of attainment overall contains a majority of census tracts with values of 60 percent or higher. This is also true in the City of Wayne. The other two low education communities – Garden City and Inkster – show less concentration and more of a generalized community wide education deficit. Dearborn Heights, while not as low overall as the others, shows pockets of concentrated low attainment in the southern tracts, tying into those in Inkster and Wayne, and relatively high attainment in the
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT core. East Dearborn, with its high level of Middle Eastern immigrants, also contains such concentrations, while the remainder of Dearborn scores quite high.
Areas with high levels of college graduation are even more concentrated in the highly educated communities mentioned earlier. While not showing up at the overall community level, two census tracts in the City of Dearborn come in with rates over 50 percent.
Figure 16. Percent of Population 25+ with a High School Degree or Less, 2009
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Figure 17. Percent of Population 25+ with a Bachelor’s Degree or More, 2009
Teen Parenthood/Single Parenthood The capacity to cope with parental responsibilities is certainly limited when the new mother is in her teens. Not only do childbirth and motherhood decrease the likelihood of going on to college, teen parenthood often leads to dropping out of high school. Such a scenario often marks the beginning of a difficult future of unemployment, government assistance, and a lack of resources to bring to the task of childrearing. It is the fortunate teenager, who has the family support and encouragement to turn this situation into a successful outcome. Table 6 illustrates that teenage mothers accounted for more than one in ten births in Taylor, Wayne and Inkster.
Stress also is present when single parents are trying to raise children alone. Providing full-day care for pre-school children and before- and after-school care when in school is expensive, especially when a large majority of single parents are working low wage jobs, often outside the normal 9-5 workday hours. The same communities with high shares of teenage births had rates of unmarried mothers exceeding 50 percent of all births. In Inkster, the share of new mothers who were unmarried was 65 percent.
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Table 6. Percent of Births to Teenagers and Unmarried Women by Community, 2006-08 Percentage of All Births 2006-08
Community Teens 15-19 Unmarried Mothers
Inkster 14.5% 65.0% Wayne 13.0% 53.7% Taylor 10.9% 53.9% Westland 9.1% 41.2% Redford 6.6% 36.4%
Dearborn Heights 6.3% 25.4% Dearborn 5.2% 9.9% Garden City 5.0% 31.6% Livonia 3.3% 17.4% Canton 2.9% 15.4% Plymouth 2.0% 14.4% Northville 1.1% 11.2%
Detroit 18.0% 69.1% Michigan 9.9% 39.4% Source: Michigan Department of Community Health
The result of high rates of unmarried new mothers can be seen in the overall share of families with children that are headed by single parents. Figure 18 shows our three communities still at the top of the chart with rates ranging from 40 percent to 59 percent. The issue is not one of a value judgment on the quality of parenting but, rather, a recognition that single parents must deal with added stress in providing for their children on their own, coupled with the higher share of such families that fall below the poverty line due to education and employment limitations.
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Figure 18. Percent of Families with Children Headed by Single Parents, 2009 Single Parent Households as a Percentage of All Family Households with Children, 2009
Inkster 59% Taylor 43% Wayne 40% Westland 36% Detroit = 66.8% Redford Township 31% Garden City 29% Michigan = 33.8% Dearborn Heights 28% Plymouth 27% Dearborn 25% Canton Township 21% Livonia 20% Northville 19% Plymouth Township 18% Northville Township 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Source: Demographics Now
Figure 19 looks at the issue through a neighborhood lens. Here one can see the overlap between low income and low education and single parent households – especially in Inkster and Wayne. The high correlation falls apart, however, in Dearborn. While often poorly educated and working in low wage jobs, intact, married-couple families are the norm in the Middle Eastern immigrant community. It is also customary in the more religious households that the woman does not participate in the world of work, staying home to raise the children.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Figure 19. Percent of Families with Children Headed by Single Parents, 2009
As a balance to the quantitative data, we end this section with qualitative input - comments from several participants in focus groups conducted as part of this study to identify perceived community needs.
We conducted five focus groups in Inkster during June and July 2010. A number of the focus group participants commented on the needs of parents in Inkster, although their comments could apply to many communities. One respondent in the Starfish staff focus group noted, “There are so many young parents. These parents need services themselves. They need help with crisis management. They need transportation.”
Another person in that same group commented firmly, “You cannot focus on making the future brighter for children if you are not focused on their parents.” When this comment was spoken, there was resounding agreement from all focus group participants. “They [children in Inkster] need education for their parents, both formal (G.E.D.) and informal (parenting). [Starfish should] help parents find resources on their own, help parents become independent.”
A participant in the community members’ focus group remarked, “Some children do not eat at home, sometimes the meals are not appropriate, [and] sometimes there is no meal at all. There needs to be help with parenting. Kids are raising themselves.”
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Barrier 3: Instability of Housing and Neighborhoods
Residential instability (how long householders remain in their current residence) can be an indicator of a stressed community if families have to move because, for example, they cannot afford rent or mortgage payments or the family is breaking up. Housing affordability is definitely an issue in Inkster and other lower income communities. An analysis of 2006-08 data from the American Community Survey shows that 36 percent of Inkster homeowners and 44 percent of renters were paying 35 percent or more of their income for housing.
The percentage of households living in their current residence two years or less is one measure of instability. Figure 20 gives this percentage for the Starfish communities. Note, however, that residential instability is not necessarily a measure of economic distress. Relatively affluent communities in Western Wayne County also have high percentages of residential instability, as do those that are growing due to new construction.
Figure 20. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 2 Years or Less, 2009 Percentage in Current Residence 2 Years or Less
Northville 52% Inkster 49% Canton Township 46% Plymouth 43% Westland 43% Taylor 41% Northville Township 41% Wayne 39% Dearborn 39% Plymouth Township 34% Detroit = 45.7% Dearborn Heights 31% Michigan = 41.9% Redford Township 31% Livonia 29% Garden City 28%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Source: Demographics Now
Figure 21 identifies the least stable neighborhoods, as measured by the population in their current residence less than two years. The pattern is quite clear in the poorest census tracts where high shares of renters exhibit a great deal of mobility. On the other end of the income spectrum, we see some of the growth areas in the western edge communities, coupled with neighborhoods containing apartment complexes.
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Figure 21. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 2 Years or Less, 2009
A variation on the previous measure is the percentage of householders who have lived in their current residence for five or more years, which can be construed as a measure of stability. Figure 22 shows a reversal of the previous chart. Slightly more than half the residents in Livonia, Dearborn Heights, Garden City, and Redford have lived in their current home five or more years, qualifying these cities as the most stable, while less than one-third of Inkster and Northville households have done so.
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Figure 22. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 5 Years or More, 2009 Percentage in Current Residence 5 or More Years
Livonia 53% Dearborn Heights 52% Garden City 52% Redford Township 51% Plymouth Township 48% Dearborn 44% Wayne 42% Taylor 42% Northville Township 40% Plymouth 38% Detroit = 35.2%
Westland 36% Michigan = 40.4% Canton Township 33% Northville 32% Inkster 32%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Source: Demographics Now
Once again, a neighborhood analysis points to variations within communities. This is quite clear in the case of Inkster where, although it ranks last in stability among the Starfish communities, two of its census tracts are relatively stable (Figure 23).
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Figure 23. Percent of Households Living at Current Address 5 Years or More, 2009
Foreclosures The foreclosure crisis has been one of the biggest economic stories of recent years. Southeast Michigan communities have been in the center of the crisis since 2006. The media were slow at the beginning to pick up on the fact that poor communities such as Detroit, Inkster, and Pontiac were being targeted for subprime loans – loans with high interest rates that were being offered to persons who could least afford them – all in the name of increasing homeownership. As unemployment rose and job hours were cut, the payments became impossible to cover and foreclosures resulted. Once the owners left, these homes became targets for stripping – siding, pipes, and any other materials that could be sold. The result were neighborhoods marked by vacant homes that were no longer ready for occupancy, and a housing market of decreasing value that made rehab untenable.
As the economy of the region continued its downward trend, and housing values began to decrease across the region, foreclosures moved to the wealthier areas. The drastic drop in housing values has resulted in some estimates as high as two-thirds of homeowners in communities owing more on their mortgage than their home is currently worth.
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Figure 24 shows the percentage of housing units in foreclosure, as of third quarter 2010, by community.18 This may actually represent an underestimate as it as it is calculated for all housing units, not just single-family homes.
Figure 24. Percent of Housing Units in Foreclosure by Community, 3rd Qtr 2010
Redford Twp 5.2%
Dearborn 3.8%
Dearborn Heights 3.6%
Taylor 3.5%
Inkster 3.5%
Garden City 3.4%
Wayne 3.3%
Westland 2.5%
Livonia 2.0%
Canton Twp 1.7%
Northville 1.5%
Plymouth 1.4%
Plymouth Twp 1.1%
Northville Twp 0.9%
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
Source: Core Logic; SEMCOG
In many neighborhoods, the vacancies that home foreclosures have caused are additive to vacant units in need of demolition that have existed in that state for some years due to a lack of city funds for demolition. Vacant housing is one of the most destabilizing issues that neighborhoods have to deal with. The “broken windows theory” states that as the quality of housing begins to deteriorate vandalism escalates, resulting in increasing crime and further neighborhood destabilization. Figure 25 shows the percent of vacant units by neighborhood. Research has shown that a 10 percent vacancy rate can often be a “tipping point” in a neighborhood’s health. Many of the neighborhoods in the upper category, particularly those south of Michigan Avenue in Inkster, well exceed this value.19
18 For comparative purposes, the foreclosure rate for the City of Detroit was 3.9 percent. Comparable data were not available for the State of Michigan as a whole. 19 The Census Bureau estimated that 16.7 percent of Inkster’s total housing stock was vacant during the 2006-08 period. Dearborn, which also shows neighborhoods above 10 percent, came in at 10 percent overall, while the City of Detroit’s rate was 25.3 percent.
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Figure 25. Percent of Vacant Housing Units by Census Tract, 3rd Qtr 2010
Barrier 4: Community Policies, Institutions, and Programs
Schools are one of the most critical assets of any community. Test scores are often used by real estate services when assisting new homebuyers. Schools serve as anchors for community programming for both children and adults. Of course, most importantly they provide a community’s children with the tools they need for future success.
An analysis of school districts in the Starfish service area, illustrated in Figure 26, shows that a majority of the communities have more than one school district serving their students. Inkster, for example, has four districts serving students living in Inkster: School District of the City of Inkster, Taylor School District, Wayne-Westland Community School District, and Westwood Community Schools.
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Figure 26. School Districts, and Their Boundaries, Within the Starfish Service Area
The combination of multiple districts serving a single community and the increasing use of open enrollment advertising to draw students from other districts and keep attendance levels high to ensure state aid has resulted in large mismatches between students served and district residents.
The City of Inkster School District provides one of the most striking examples of this mismatch. As can be seen in Table 7, 3,276 students attended schools in the Inkster school district in the 2009-10 school year. Sixty-one percent of that total (2,013 of 3,276) had transferred into the district from other districts, with seventy percent of the transfers coming from the Detroit City School District. In addition, 1,839 students, or 56% of the 2009-10 enrollment, lived in district but attended school in another district. The introduction of large numbers of out-of-district students to maintain budget is a risky undertaking, which requires a large outreach and advertising budget each year.20 While the number of school-age children in Inkster has been dropping, a concentrated effort at attracting a greater share of district residents would appear to be more sustainable.
The reason we have included school district student “churn” in this assessment is its tie to community stability. The school environment provides ready access to children for service providers to deliver health, recreation and a host of other services. When children are attending schools outside their district, and districts are serving large numbers of children from outside their district, it is difficult, if not impossible, to efficiently reach the children within the community
20 Districts incur large transportation costs to bus students to/from multiple distant locations.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT one is trying to serve. After school programming is difficult to undertake due to the number of children who must leave via bus or parent at the end of a school day. Finally, the community cohesion that can be fostered through common school attendance is no longer possible.
Table 7. Student Attendance and Residence in the Inkster School District, 2009-10 School Population Instability Inkster School District Example
Transfers INTO the School District of the City of Inkster (a) Number transferring Transfers in as % of 2009 Enrollment in total enrollment 3,276 2,013 61%
Top 3 Sources Number % total in Detroit City School District 1,417 70.4% Wayne-Westland District 181 9.0% Westwood Community Schools 76 3.8%
Transfers OUT of the School District of the City of Inkster (b) Number transferring Transfers out as % of 2009 Enrollment out total enrollment 3,276 1,839 56%
Top 3 Destinations Number % total out Cherry Hill School of Performing Arts 314 17.1% Westwood Community Schools 231 12.6% Academy of Westland 216 11.7% Source: Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI)
(a) Of 3,276 children enrolled in the Inkster District, 61% came from outside the district boundaries. (b) 1,839 children residing within the Inkster District opted to attend school in another district.
There is much variation in educational outcomes across school districts. In some communities, schools are not adequately preparing students for the future. The primary topic in education nationally is that of low high school graduation rates – particularly in low-income communities and for students of color. Education is the key to success in the new economy. Living wage jobs are no longer out there for those without some post-secondary education or training. The path for a dropout is often labeled the “prison pipeline.”
Figure 27 shows a great deal of variation in graduation rates across school districts in the Starfish service area. While no district can report 100 percent graduation, a number of the districts report 85 percent or greater. While one must still be concerned with the 15 percent who do not graduate, it is the other end of the spectrum that needs intervention. Both Inkster and Westwood schools report graduation rates of only 53 percent. Garden City and Redford have rates below 70 percent. When translated to real numbers it becomes clear that schools are failing our children and setting them up for failure as adults. A number of innovative alternative
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT programs are being instituted that are showing some success but, unless parents and the community as a whole embrace this problem, success will be difficult to achieve.
Figure 27. Student Graduation Rates by School District, 2009 Graduation Rates, 2009
Northville 95%
Livonia 89%
Plymouth-Canton 88%
Crestwood 86%
South Redford 85%
Dearborn 80%
Dearborn Heights 80%
Taylor 71%
Wayne-Westland 71%
Redford 68% Detroit = 60% Garden City 58% Michigan = 75% Westwood 53%
Inkster 53%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: Center for Educational Progress and Performance (CEPI)
One can trace the graduation potential back to the child’s earliest years. Good parenting, coupled with early childhood education, is necessary to ensure a child is ready to learn when starting kindergarten. The State of Michigan has no standardized kindergarten readiness measure and so we are left with the assessment tests (MEAP) administered in 3rd grade as our first standardized measure of student school performance. It is said that a child learns to read up until 3rd grade and “reads to learn” from then on. Such a statement makes clear the importance of reading competence by 3rd grade as a key to educational success.
Figure 28 tracks the percentage of third grade students in the four school districts serving Inkster that did not meet standards on the 3rd grade MEAP reading test. While the numbers tend to fluctuate a great deal, it is clear that a large number of children are not succeeding. There is a great deal of discussion as to whether the MEAP test is an accurate measure of what a child needs to know.21 Nevertheless, it is clear that students who are not reading at grade
21 Michigan student scores on a national assessment test of both reading and math (NAEP) come in consistently lower than the MEAP scores do. This further fuels the discussion as to whether MEAP is rigorous enough and how each is identifying success.
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT level by Grade 3 often find themselves falling farther and farther behind in later years with a high probability of adding to the dropout statistics.
Figure 28. 3rd Grade MEAP Reading Scores for Select School Districts, 2009 Percentage of 3rd Grade Students NOT Meeting Standards on 35 the MEAP Reading Test, by School District and Year
30 28.7 28.3 27.9 Detroit
25.8 24.5 25 24.6 Taylor 20.9 20 18.7 Inkster Westwood 15.9 15 Wayne-Westland Michigan 10
7.6 5 Michigan Detroit Inkster
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: Michigan Center for Educational Performance and Information
Another community-level deficit present in some of the Starfish communities is a lack of recreational activities for young people. Participants in the focus groups held in Inkster identified this as a significant concern. The report from the Starfish staff focus group stated that, “all of the respondents noted that they believed that a lack of recreational activities for youth in the neighborhood was a major concern.” Several people in the group commented that, “recreational activities in the community have been discontinued over the last several years.” One respondent said, “No one is advocating for activities for children. Kids come home from school and they just play alone.” Another explained that while there is definitely a lack of recreational activities for children, “There is a lack of knowledge about the resources that are out there.” This was a common theme among several groups.
Barrier 5: Access: Transportation, Services, Information
In the focus group with parents of Starfish children, accessibility of many types was a topic of concern. The participants of this session demonstrated insight and understanding about the barriers that many families face when trying to access services for their children. One mother stated, “People don’t know how to find resources.” Another parent noted that parents need advocacy when seeking the services. “You [the parent] have to ask for it [the specific service].” Others stated that they believed that lack of transportation was a significant barrier, and that
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COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT only people who have their own cars can access services for their children. Several respondents believed that inadequate public transportation and the high cost of services were the most significant barriers that they had encountered. The next two figures illustrate the transportation challenges facing residents of some of the Starfish communities.
The costs associated with operating a vehicle are too high for many households, even though the lack of adequate public transportation makes vehicle ownership so important for earning a living and accessing services. Studies have shown that residents in low-income communities in Southeast Michigan are assessed higher insurance rates - auto and homeowner - than those in higher income communities. Often those rates are so high that they exceed the car payments. The result is that many residents are left to drive without insurance or not drive at all. Figure 29 shows that 10 percent or more of households in Wayne, Dearborn and Inkster were without a vehicle.
Figure 29. Household Vehicle Availability by Community, 2009 Percentage of Households with NO Vehicle Available, 2009
Inkster 14%
Dearborn 10%
Wayne 10%
Westland 8%
Plymouth 8%
Taylor 8%
Northville 6%
Dearborn Heights 6%
Redford Township 5% Detroit = 21%
Garden City 5% Michigan = 7% Plymouth Township 4%
Livonia 4%
Northville Township 4%
Canton Township 4%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Source: Demographics Now, 2009
A coordinated regional public transportation system is critical for the future success of the Detroit metropolitan region. The current situation is one of two separate systems - one that serves Detroit (DOT) and one that serves the suburbs (SMART). The suburban system is supported by taxes that must be approved at the community level and a number of communities (Livonia being one in the Starfish service area) have opted out of the system. As a result, no one in Inkster, for example, would be able to use public transportation to access a job in Livonia
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(Figure 30). SMART buses serve Inkster, but the service is infrequent and only on three main roads. People without vehicles who need to rely on public transportation are at a real disadvantage, which inhibits educational and employment access..
Figure 30. SMART Bus Routes for Inkster and Surrounding Communities, 2010
Three Bus Routes Serve Inkster (1) Route 245 Cherry Hill: one bus/hour during day (2) Route 280 Middlebelt: one/hour early morning to 11:00 p.m. (3) Route 200 Michigan Ave.: one/hour early morning to midnight
Source: SMARTBUS.org
The paucity of basic services such as full-line supermarket chains in Inkster makes inadequate transportation especially problematic. Table 8 illustrates the issue. The term “food desert” is often used to describe communities where access to full-line grocery stores with fresh fruits and vegetables is minimal. This is the case in Inkster, where there are only two grocery stores, resulting in much of the grocery shopping taking place in convenience and party stores, which typically have a limited selection and charge higher prices than full-line supermarkets.
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Table 8. Food Access Points in Inkster, 2010 Food Stores in Inkster
Cherry Belt Party Store Convenience & Party Store Daly Stop Convenience & Party Store E&K Party Market Convenience & Party Store Fairway Foods Convenience & Party Store Fast Frank's Party Shoppe Convenience & Party Store Harrison Liquor Store Convenience & Party Store Inkster Supermarket Convenience & Party Store J & B Party Store Convenience & Party Store Leon's Party Store Convenience & Party Store Maraton (Inkster Consumer Ctr.) Convenience & Party Store Market Food, Inc. Convenience & Party Store Metro Liquor Plaza Convenience & Party Store Penn Food Market Convenience & Party Store Twenty-Five Hour Party Store Convenience & Party Store Save-A-Lot Groceries Super Max Groceries
Lack of Information Community members were vocal about the lack of information about available resources in Inkster. The report from the Inkster community members’ focus group quoted a resident as saying, “Parents themselves are unsure where to go, what to do, they don’t know where to go for help, and they need information about where to go.” The report went on to state that “[T]he main barrier to accessing services …was lack of knowledge about resources in the community. This was definitely a recurring theme across all of the sessions. One respondent noted, ‘Parents are not informed about the services that are available. They don’t read the information that they are given if it is in writing.’ [R]espondents believed that this was due to literacy issues of parents rather than disinterest in receiving services for their children.”
The Stress Index
After examining the various indicators of stress on families and children, we designed a single measure that would summarize the degree of stress on a community. We composed a “stress index” and calculated the value of the index for each census tract. The index incorporates scores on six indicators:
The percentage of households with an annual income of less than $20,000 The percentage of all family households with children that are single parent households The percentage of adults 25+ years old with a high school diploma or less The percentage of occupied housing units that have been occupied by the same resident(s) for five or more years The percentage of households with no vehicle The percentage of housing units that are vacant
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Scores on each of the six components of the index range from 0 to 11. The components are equally weighted. The maximum stress index score is 66. The map below illustrates the stress index score for the census tracts in the Starfish service area. Appendix C lists the percentage score on each of the six variables as well as the index score for each of the census tracts.
Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract
Figure 31 makes it clear that the highest stress areas lie in the eastern and middle sections of Western Wayne County as well as in Taylor. The three cities of Inkster, Dearborn, and Taylor are particularly high-risk areas as judged by the stress index. In our assessment of the availability of resources to address the risks facing children in these areas, we will focus on these three communities as well as Dearborn Heights, Garden City, Westland, and Wayne.
Summary of Stressors
Taking into consideration the single variable quantitative analyses and qualitative information from the focus groups, we can summarize the major types of stressors facing at risk families and children in the Starfish Family Services service area as follows:
Finances: low income, unemployment, insecure jobs Family formation: teen parenthood, single parent families Personal characteristics: high school education or less, limited parenting skills Housing characteristics: high turnover, foreclosure, home vacancies
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Community institutions: underperforming schools, unstable school population, lack of recreational opportunities for young people Accessibility: lack of transportation, inadequate provision of basic services, lack of information about available resources
II. Availability of Resources
The first section of this report reviewed the types of challenges facing families and children living in poverty in the Starfish service area. The present section examines the resources available to address these challenges. Maps locate the resources, overlaid on the stress index map, to give a clearer image of the geographic distribution of resources in relation to need. Tables in Appendix D list the addresses of the organizations included in the maps.
The first part of this section reviews four categories of programs run by Starfish, describing individual programs in each category. Maps illustrate the geographical coverage of the Starfish programs in its Western Wayne County service area. To supplement the maps and program reviews, we include comments from the focus groups, all of which were held in Inkster with Starfish staff and Inkster residents or individuals employed in Inkster. While the focus group comments pertain primarily to Starfish and to Inkster, they are instructive for other organizations and communities.
The second part of the section reviews other organizations and programs in the service area that also address the noted challenges. The analysis looks at eight categories of need and identifies the organizations and programs that focus on these areas of need. For many of the categories, the section examines resources available in a small number of communities (seven instead of fourteen).22 These seven are communities identified in the first section as highest risk.
A. Starfish Programs
At the time of this report, Starfish offers (1) programs for parents and caregivers; (2) early childhood development programs; (3) programs for youth, teens, and young adults; and (4) children’s mental health and counseling programs (Lifespan). We review each in turn.
(1) Programs for Parents, Caregivers, and Children
Early Learning Communities (ELC) provide anyone caring for children (parents, grandparents, friends, relatives, licensed child care providers) with professional development training and resources to help caregivers best prepare children for school. ELC training is offered at sites in Inkster, Westland, Dearborn, and Taylor with programs during the day and evening.
The Parent Empowerment Program offers parent training through monthly workshops and additional booster sessions with the goal of helping parents build their confidence, knowledge, and skills as their child’s most important teacher. As an incentive, the program provides free child care and meals at monthly meetings, which are offered at Inkster Hiveley site.
22 Inkster, Garden City, Wayne, Taylor, Westland, Dearborn, and Dearborn Heights
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The Family Resource Center at the Inkster Hiveley location offers parenting classes, support groups, medical information, a lending library, GED classes, mental health screening, and other services. It is open during the week from 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. with evening hours also available. Wayne County residents with a child 0 – 6 years of age and expectant parents are eligible to use the Family Resource Center.
The goal of Starfish’s Family Success Program is to stabilize the lives of low-income families and help them move from day to day survival to a point of independence. Families and Starfish staff work together for up to three years to achieve measurable goals in a comprehensive set of domains of family success including parenting, childcare, housing, and employment. Sessions take place at the Inkster Hiveley site and in families’ homes. This intensive program serves about 90 families. Figure 32 depicts the locations of Starfish’s programs for parents and caregivers.
Figure 32. Locations of Starfish’s Programs for Parents and Caregivers
The Early Learning Center is the only program in this category that is located at all four sites. Of the four sites, the Inkster East Dearborn, and Taylor locations are clearly in high stress areas; the Westland site is more distant.
Table 9. Starfish Early Learning Community Clients
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Early Learning Community Clients Starfish Family Services
Sept. 2009 - June 2010
Number Starfish Communities % of total
24 Canton 7% 76 Dearborn 21% 24 Dearborn Heights 7% 9 Garden City 2% 45 Inkster 12% 19 Livonia 5% 5 Northville 1% 4 Plymouth 1% 8 Redford 2% 13 Taylor 4% 8 Wayne 2% 27 Westland 7%
262 Total Starfish communities 72% 101 Total non Starfish communities 28% 363 Total all communities 100% Program Locations: (a) Starfish, 30000 Hiveley, Inkster, (b) Spectrum Human Services, 28303 Joy Rd., Westland, (c) ACCESS, 2651 Saulino Ct., Dearborn (all training in Arabic) (d) Taylorr, ELC, 8900 Pardee, (opened November 2010, Taylor clients not reflected in this table)
Table 9 demonstrates that the ELC program draws about three-quarters of its participants from Starfish service area communities, with Dearborn and Inkster residents making up about half of this group. Of the participants from non-Starfish communities, over 40% live in Detroit.
As stated previously, the Early Learning Community program is open to anyone caring for children. One such group that is growing in importance nationally is grandparents raising grandchildren. Regarding this issue, two participants in a focus group
…inquired whether Starfish would begin to provide services to senior citizens – something that was mentioned in two of the other focus group sessions. One respondent noted that many grandparents are raising grandchildren, and because of the many young teens who are becoming young parents, the custodial grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are not yet senior citizens – some are as young as 40 years old. This population, according to this respondent, should be targeted for services at Starfish Family Services.
Two other Starfish programs in this category, the Family Resource Center and the Family Success Program, are both located at the Inkster Hiveley site. As Table 10 shows, both programs draw most heavily from Inkster and the nearby cities of Westland and Dearborn
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Heights, although 10 – 15% of clients live outside the Starfish service area, with over half of these participants coming to the programs from Detroit.
Inkster is heavily represented among clients in the Family Success Program, which should not be surprising, given the location of the program and the demands of the FSP for participants’ commitment and attendance.
Table 10. Family Resource Center and Family Success Program Clients Family Resource Center and Family Success Program Starfish Family Services
Family Resource Center Family Success Program July 2009 - July 2010 July 2009 - July 2010
% of Number Starfish Communities % of total Number Starfish Communities total
10 Canton 5% 7 Canton 9% 11 Dearborn 6% 2 Dearborn 2% 21 Dearborn Heights 11% 11 Dearborn Heights 13% 9 Garden City 5% 1 Garden City 1% 32 Inkster 17% 23 Inkster 28% 8 Livonia 4% 3 Livonia 4% 2 Northville 1% 0 Northville 0% 6 Plymouth 3% 2 Plymouth 2% 3 Redford 2% 4 Redford 5% 4 Taylor 2% 0 Taylor 0% 10 Wayne 5% 6 Wayne 7% 43 Westland 23% 12 Westland 15%
159 Total Starfish communities 84% 71 Total Starfish communities 87% 30 Total non Starfish communities 16% 11 Total non Starfish communities 13% 189 Total all communities 100% 82 Total all communities 100% Program Location for all: 30000 Hiveley, Inkster
(2) Early Childhood Development Programs
The Early Head Start (EHS) program, serving income-eligible children under the age of three, is offered only by Starfish in the fourteen Starfish communities in Western Wayne County. The center-based program takes place at the Inkster Hiveley and Westland sites. It offers enriched childcare, medical and dental referrals, activities to promote healthy parenting, and activities to promote mental and physical health for children. There is also a home-based program offering.
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Starfish’s Head Start (HS) program, a pre-kindergarten program, is open to children ages 3 - 4 from low-income families and aims to prepare children for kindergarten. The program supports the entire family with nutritional, medical, dental, mental health, and social services. Starfish runs the program in six sites: two in Inkster, two in Canton Township, and one each in Livonia and Redford Township. The SFS HS program supports residents of five school districts: Inkster, Crestwood, Livonia, Plymouth/Canton, and Northville. Figure 33 depicts the locations of the EHS and HS sites.
Figure 33. Locations of Starfish’s Early Childhood Development Programs
Figure 33 illustrates that there are no Early Head Start sites in high stress areas of Dearborn, Taylor, Wayne, and Westland. The Starfish Head Start sites in Canton Township, Livonia, and Redford Township are not located in high stress areas. In addition, the Livonia Head Start and Westland Early Head Start and Head Start sites are not situated in areas with high densities of children ages 0-4 (see Figure 10). Tables 11 and 12 list the home cities of EHS and HS participants.
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Table 11. Starfish Early Head Start Clients Early Head Start Clients Starfish Family Services
Sept. 2009 - Aug. 2010
Number Starfish Community % of total 14 Canton 11% 6 Dearborn 5% 8 Dearborn Heights 6% 3 Garden City 2% 44 Inkster 33% 4 Livonia 3% 3 Northville 2% 4 Plymouth 3% 6 Redford 5% 6 Taylor 5% 3 Wayne 2% 31 Westland 23%
132 Total Starfish communities 100% 0 Total non Starfish communities 0% 132 Total all communities 100% Program Locations: (a) Starfish, 30000 Hiveley, Inkster, (b) Spectrum Human Services, 28303 Joy Rd., Westland
All EHS participants come from Starfish communities, with nearly 60 percent of the participants residing in the two communities with EHS sites, Inkster and Westland.
The Redford Township Head Start site serves the Crestwood School District, consisting mainly of Dearborn Heights residents. Dearborn Heights contributed 18% of all participants in Starfish Head Start programs.
Inkster, with two Head Start sites located in high stress areas, has the greatest number of participants followed by Canton, also with two sites, one of which is in a high stress area.
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Table 12. Starfish Head Start Clients Head Start Clients Starfish Family Services
Sept. 2009 - June 2010
Number Starfish Community % of total 161 Canton 21% 5 Dearborn 1% 142 Dearborn Heights 18% 5 Garden City 1% 226 Inkster 29% 75 Livonia 10% 2 Northville 0% 39 Plymouth 5% 11 Redford 1% 2 Taylor 0% 10 Wayne 1% 95 Westland 12%
773 Total Starfish communities 99% 6 Total non Starfish communities 1% 779 Total all communities 100% Program Locations: (a) 30000 Hiveley, Inkster (b) 27100 Avondale, Inkster (c) 12100 Beech Daly, Redford (d) 32940 Schoolcraft, Livonia (e) 44649 Michigan Ave., Canton (f) 5880 Canton Crossing, Canton
(3) Programs for Youth, Teens, and Young Adults
Starfish has several programs for youth, teens, and young adults. The agency runs after school programs in two school districts in the Inkster area. The Meek-Milton Elementary School program in Inkster is aimed at high potential but underperforming students and focuses on students’ social and emotional development. The after school programs at Tomlinson Middle School and Robichaud High School are designed to develop social skills and good study habits and help with academic performance. Tutors help students with homework.
The Counterpoint Shelter & Crisis Center in Inkster helps families work through sensitive problems in a safe environment while offering temporary shelter and other counseling services to youth. The shelter has eight beds for boys and girls ages 10 to 17, and they are eligible to stay up to 21 days.
The Transitional Living Program for homeless youth and young adults ages 16 – 21 is housed at the Counterpoint Shelter. In this program, residents learn to live independently. There are limited spots available, and residents may stay up to 21 months.
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The Inkster Youth Assistance Program provides prevention and early intervention services to at risk youth ages 10 – 17 through 12 weeks of therapeutic groups and recreational activities. The families of the youths are involved. This program is also located at the Counterpoint Shelter in Inkster.
Starfish also runs summer programs, the Grow and Learn Garden for children in grades K – 8 and Read to Succeed Literacy Camp. Starfish has found that enrollment in summer programs has been low. SFS believes that there is an opportunity for increased enrollment and availability of their summer programs..
Figure 34 shows that the Starfish programs for youth, teens, and young adults are located in or near Inkster.
Figure 34 Locations of Starfish’s Youth, Teens, and Young Adult Programs
Focus group participants were vocal about the need for programs for pre-teens and teens. Participants in a group of parents of children enrolled in Starfish programs pointed to pre-teens as especially needing services.
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The one population that was identified as difficult to reach was pre-teens. Young people in this category, respondents said, were at risk for acting out both socially and sexually. The focus group participants said that Starfish and similar organizations should reach out to young people who are 8 to 13 years old, explaining that there should be more of a focus on preventive services, rather than waiting until teen girls (for example) are pregnant before than can have assistance.
A focus group of seven adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 was more specific:
There was consensus among all of the respondents that Starfish should focus on young boys who are between the ages of 8 to 12 years. They said that despite the fact that this group was “difficult to reach,” it was critical to address their needs early, as a means of prevention.
Also, group members explained that “boys, who are 13 and up, need a different kind of help.” When asked to elaborate on this, respondents talked about the need to instill life skills, teach respect, mentoring, supplement their public education with creative activities (while still building upon the curriculum that has been taught), as well as sports. It should be noted that there were no young males participating in the discussion.
(4) Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs (Lifespan Clinical Service)
Lifespan Clinical Services, with offices in Westland and Livonia (Figure 35), is a private clinic providing counseling and guidance to children, teens, adults, and entire families. This division of Starfish provides diagnoses and treatments of all types of emotional difficulties. Children and families eligible for Community Mental Health Services receive free services, and most types of third-party insurance are accepted. Both sites are open Monday through Friday 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m., and Saturday 9:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m.
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Figure 35. Locations of Starfish’s Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs
Of the two Lifespan sites, only the Westland office is located in a high-risk area. Recognizing the greater need in its home base of Inkster, Starfish has begun providing limited mental health and counseling programs at its Hiveley location in Inkster as well. As Table 13 illustrates, these counseling services draw from many communities.
More importantly, many of Lifespan’s services are community based in which therapists and case workers are working with children and their families at the client’s home.
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Table 13. Starfish Lifespan Clinical Service Clients Lifespan Clinical Service Clients Starfish Family Services
May 2009 - April 2010 Number Starfish Community % of total 76 Canton 5% 30 Dearborn 2% 72 Dearborn Heights 5% 57 Garden City 4% 130 Inkster 8% 175 Livonia 11% 9 Northville 1% 28 Plymouth 2% 159 Redford 10% 26 Taylor 2% 39 Wayne 2% 243 Westland 15%
1044 Total Starfish communities 66% 549 Total non Starfish communities 34% 275 Memo: Detroit 1593 Total all communities 100%
Program Locations: (a) 18316 Middlebelt, Livonia (b) 35300 Nankin Blvd, Suite 601, Westland
Two-thirds of all Lifespan clients reside in the fourteen Starfish communities, with the highest proportions living in Westland, Livonia, Redford and Inkster. A full third of the clients come from non-Starfish communities, with fifty percent of these coming from Detroit.
B. Other Programs and Resources
We have reviewed the major risk factors facing families living in poverty in the Starfish service area. In addition, we have summarized and mapped the locations of the programs that Starfish offers to address these risk factors. We now review other programs and resources in the Starfish service area that focus on these needs. As before, placing the locations of these resources on a stress index map gives an idea of whether there is a good fit between the locations of demand (need) and supply. Starfish locations are included in the maps in order to give a complete view of availability.
It is clear that need is not uniformly distributed across the Starfish service area. For that reason, this section primarily but not exclusively focuses on the seven communities where the need is greatest as indicated by the stress index: Inkster, Garden City, Wayne, Taylor, Westland, Dearborn, and Dearborn Heights.
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We assessed the availability of resources in eight categories – categories that reflect the major types of need uncovered through the previous analysis. These are:
1. Medical: Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists, hospitals, community clinics, family planning clinics, county health department sites, and Federally Qualified Health Care sites 2. Behavioral Health: outpatient community mental health facilities 3. Education: community college, GED classes, Head Start, Early Head Start, Great Start Readiness Program 4. Workforce Development 5. Child Care: parenting classes, caregiver classes, licensed child care providers, relative and aide providers 6. Food Pantries and Food Banks 7. Subsidized Housing 8. Youth Development: after school programs, city and county parks and recreation facilities
We have provided maps for all the categories except the city and county parks. In addition, Appendix D lists the addresses of all the resource providers whose locations are plotted on the maps. The Starfish locations are included in these lists.
(1) Medical:
(a) Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists
There are well-established connections among poverty, nutrition, health, and children’s success in school. In addition, there are associations among poverty, access to obstetricians and gynecologists, teen pregnancy, and out-of-wedlock births. The data presented earlier showed that, with some exceptions, communities with the highest rates of teenage pregnancy and unmarried mothers are the communities that rank highest on the stress index.
Figure 36 depicts the availability of pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists in seven Starfish communities. On this map, the size of the circles signifies the number of pediatricians or ob/gyns at a location.
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Figure 36. Locations of Pediatricians and Obstetricians/Gynecologists in Starfish Communities Subset
Except for Dearborn with Oakwood Hospital, the highest stress index areas are demonstrably not well covered by either pediatricians or obstetrician/gynecologists.
A rough measure of access to pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists is the population per specialty. For pediatricians, that population is children younger than 18; for ob/gyns, it is females between the ages of 15 and 44. Table 14 gives these population figures. Given all the caveats regarding the difficulty of counting the number of physicians in a community, these figures should be viewed as directional only.
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Table 14. Population per Pediatrician and Obstetrician/Gynecologist Population per Pediatrician & Obstetrician/Gynecologist Starfish Service Area Subset
Population Number of Pop. 0-18 per ages 0 - 18, Pediatricians Pediatrician 2009
Dearborn 61 26,359 432 Dearborn Heights 9 13,480 1,498 Garden City 6 7,580 1,263 Inkster 4 8,143 2,036 Taylor 6 17,510 2,918 Wayne 1 5,036 5,036 Westland 3 20,793 6,931
Population Number of Pop. females 15-44 females ages Ob/Gyns per Ob/Gyn 15-44, 2009* Dearborn 71 19,184 270 Dearborn Heights 5 11,167 2,233 Garden City 9 6,167 685 Inkster 2 5,850 2,925 Taylor 6 13,615 2,269 Wayne 5 3,977 795 Westland 6 18,711 3,119 Sources: Demographics Now, www.healthgrades.com
(b) Hospitals, community clinics, family planning clinics, county health department sites, and Federally Qualified Health Care sites
Figure 37 shows the locations of hospitals and clinics in the entire fourteen community Starfish service area. A comparison of this map to the previous one reveals that pediatricians and ob/gyns are frequently located near hospitals.
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Figure 37. Locations of Hospitals and Health Clinics, Starfish Communities Subset
The largest hospital in the area, Oakwood, is located in a low risk area of Dearborn. However, the smaller hospitals, some of them Oakwood affiliates, are located in high-risk areas of Inkster, Taylor, Wayne, and Westland. East Dearborn, an area of considerable poverty, is served by the ACCESS Community Health and Research Center and Dearborn Health Department.
There are two Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) in the area, one in Inkster and one in Taylor. Both offer primary and obstetrical care, mental health services for individuals and families, adult and child dental care, and pharmaceutical services. Both accept Medicaid, Medicare, and uninsured and underinsured patients, although not all insurances are accepted and services are not free for uninsured patients. The fee for uninsured patients is based on income and family size according to federal guidelines. The hours for the Inkster clinic are Monday – Thursday 9:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. and Friday 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
Inkster and Taylor also have Teen Health Centers serving ages 10 – 21. The Inkster Teen Health Center is located in Inkster High School. Patients can enter that clinic through the back door for privacy. A number of factors have contributed to the high level of trust in the clinic by the community. It has been very successful in providing services to teens, but it is not allowed to dispense birth control because of its location in a school.
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Despite having the Teen Clinic and the FQHC (Western Wayne County Family Health Center) in Inkster, there is still a problem with accessibility of medical care for Inkster residents, according to Starfish staff. Physicians have moved out of Inkster because Medicaid does not pay well with the result that young children come to Starfish without proper immunizations and the required physical exam. Starfish then has to provide medical and dental care through special arrangements such as mobile clinics.
Knowledge of available medical resources is also an issue. One focus group participant commented, “[t]he Western Wayne Family Health Center has psychiatric services for children and adults, counseling, and a lot of service….but hardly anyone knows about it. You can’t even see the sign from the road.”
(2) Behavioral health: outpatient community mental health facilities
Figure 38 plots the location of outpatient mental health clinics funded by Michigan Department of Community Health as well as the location of the ACCESS facility in East Dearborn that offers mental health counseling.
Figure 38. Locations of Behavioral Health Facilities, Starfish Communities
While there are community mental health facilities located in high stress areas of Inkster, Wayne, Westland, and Taylor, the need is greater than the available services in Western Wayne
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County. This was a common sentiment in all the focus groups. Conversely, the behavioral health services that are available are sometimes not used due to stigma and accessibility.
When asked about the most common barriers to asking for help, this group of respondents [the Lifespan focus group] was quick to cite financial reasons as the primary explanation for this issue. They explained that some are offered services but do not access programs or complete the programs they have begun to identify. As they began to explore this topic further, respondents identified transportation as a significant barrier as well as fear of asking for help, and thereby admitting a need for intervention. Some respondents noted that they believed that one barrier was distrust and fear of social workers – specifically, white social workers, as they are seen as symbols of the inherent imbalance of power in a systemically racist child welfare system. Others stated that there is a general misperception about what therapy is, its purposes and its goals.
(3) Education
(a) GED (General Equivalency Diploma) classes
Figure 39 illustrates that there are several GED programs clustered in and around Inkster although the high stress index and low education level areas (see Figure 16) are not well supplied with GED classes.
Figure 39. Locations of GED classes, Starfish Communities
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Many GED classes fill up quickly and generate waiting lists. For example, GED classes in the Wayne-Westland school district had a six-page waiting list for the fall 2010 semester. And registering for classes is not easy in that district. Students are required to register in person on January 3 for classes starting in January 2011.
A further barrier to getting the GED is the fee for taking the exams. While there is no fee for taking the prep class in the Wayne-Westland school district (this varies by district), it costs $125 for school district residents and $150 for non-residents to take the GED exam. In that district, the fee is waived for good attendance at the classes.
(b) Community Colleges
Community colleges provide relatively low cost means of continuing education beyond the high school level and serve as an avenue for entering the job market. Some are also workforce training sites.
Figure 40. Locations of Community Colleges, Starfish Communities
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As Figure 40 shows, community colleges in Western Wayne County generally are not located in the high stress or high unemployment areas (Figure 15).
(c) Early Head Start (EHS), Head Start (HS), Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP)
These three programs directly address issues of educational readiness for at-risk children. Early Head Start serves children younger than three years of age; Head Start, three to five year olds; while the Great Start Readiness Program is aimed at four year olds.
There are only two EHS locations in the Starfish service area, both run by Starfish. One is in Inkster, and the other is located in Westland outside the high-risk areas.
There are 20 Head Start and 19 Great Start Readiness Program sites in the Starfish service area.
Figure 41. Locations of Early Head Start, Head Start, Great Start Readiness Program, Starfish Communities
It is evident from Figure 41 that the Head Start sites are particularly well placed to serve at risk
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(4) Workforce Development
The overview of trends in Wayne County noted that the unemployment rate in Wayne County in 2009 was 16.0%. In Inkster, that rate was18.2%, the highest unemployment rate of any of the Starfish communities (Figure 15). Jobs have been repeatedly identified as a critical need and a major factor in family well-being. One focus group specifically mentioned jobs and job training as crucial for young people.
Several respondents expressed the need for training and employment preparation so that youth can be successful in the positions that they are able to find, both for the short term (for example, for summer employment opportunities) as well as for the long term (pre-career training such as apprenticeships). One respondent pointed to YouthVille in Detroit as a model organization for Inkster to follow, as an example.
Workforce development centers provide services such as résumé writing help, career counseling, access to information about available jobs, and interview preparation. Figure 42 shows where workforce development centers are located in Western Wayne County. Included on the map are four MichiganWorks! agencies, two community college workforce training centers, a Goodwill Industries site, a Services to Enhance Potential site, and the Southeast Michigan Community Alliance.
Figure 42. Locations of Workforce Development Organizations, Starfish Communities
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There are no workforce development centers located directly in Inkster but there is a Westland center situated just south of highest stress area in Inkster. Other workforce development centers are located in the high-risk areas of Wayne, Taylor, and Dearborn.
Resources for the following categories of need are plotted on a subsetted map of the Starfish service area. The seven communities included in the maps are those with generally high stress index scores.
(5) Child care
(a) Parenting and caregiver programs
Parenting and caregiver programs include Early Learning Communities which provide training for all types of caregivers; Family Resource Centers; and parenting classes. Figure 43 illustrates the scarcity of such resources in the area.
Figure 43. Locations of Parenting and Caregiver Programs, Starfish Communities Subset
In this type of program, Starfish Family Services is the dominant player with centers in Inkster, Westland, East Dearborn, and Taylor. (The Taylor site opened in December 2010). As noted
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There is a notable lack of parenting and caregiver resources available in the high stress areas of Wayne, Westland, the northern part of Taylor, and much of East Dearborn. Members of the Starfish staff focus group lamented this deficit.
Starfish staff were also concerned about children in Inkster because of the many needs of their parents. One respondent noted, “There are so many young parents. These parents need services themselves. They need help with crisis management. They need transportation.” Another commented firmly, “You cannot focus on making the future brighter for children if you are not focused on their parents.” When this comment was spoken, there was resounding agreement from all focus group participants. When encouraged to discuss this a bit further, focus group participants responded by saying, “They [children in Inkster] need education for their parents, both formal (G.E.D.) and informal (parenting). [Starfish should] help parents find resources on their own, help parents become independent.”
A community member noted in another focus group that “[t]here needs to be help with parenting. Kids are raising themselves.”
(b) Licensed child care providers
There are two types of licensed childcare providers included in this analysis: (1) registered family homes, usually with a licensed capacity of six children, and (2) licensed group homes, typically licensed to have twelve children.
(1) Registered family homes
There is an abundance of this type of childcare facility in much of the area, with the glaring exceptions of East Dearborn and southern Taylor. However, each registered family home is limited to caring for only six children, for the most part. Moreover, because these caregivers can accept children of all ages, the large number of these sites is not a good indication of the number of preschool children who are being cared for in a licensed facility outside their own home.
Two areas of high density of children ages 0 – 4 in the southwest corner of Taylor and in East Dearborn (Figure 44) have no or few registered family homes.
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Figure 44. Locations of Registered Family Homes, Starfish Communities Subset
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(2) Licensed Group homes
Licensed Group homes can accept up to 12 children, twice the number allowed in registered family homes. They, too, can have children of all ages. Inkster, especially south of Michigan Avenue, and Westland have the most numbers of group homes, although there are relatively few licensed group homes in other communities, particularly in the southern section of Taylor and East Dearborn (Figure 45). The geographical distributions of the two types of providers are similar.
Figure 45. Locations of Licensed Group Homes, Starfish Communities Subset
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(3) Relative and aide providers
Relative and aide providers are informal caregivers now mandated to receive training through the Early Learning Communities program in order to receive a subsidy from the Michigan Department of Social Services for caring for children from families receiving state aid. Figure 46 shows the locations of these providers, although it should be recognized that the information is far from perfect.
Figure 46. Locations of Relative and Aide Providers, Starfish Communities Subset
Here one finds a strong congruence between high-risk areas and the degree of child care provided by relatives and aide providers. This confirms the importance of the Early Learning Community program to provide professional development support to this large network of informal providers that care for the majority of low income children.
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(6) Food pantries and food banks
Lack of adequate nutrition is a recognized problem in Inkster. A focus group member commented that “[s]ome children do not eat at home, sometimes the meals are not appropriate, [and] sometimes there is no meal at home.” Food pantries can step in where there is inadequate food and provide emergency food supplies to families.
Figure 47 illustrates that there are numerous food pantries located in high stress areas with the marked exceptions of Dearborn and Westland. However, there are limitations to the amount of help these pantries can provide. A significant issue limiting accessibility to pantries is their hours of operation. Two examples illustrate the problem. One pantry in Garden City is open only on the second and fourth Saturdays of a month from 9:00 a.m. until noon. Another pantry in Dearborn Heights is open on Thursdays starting at 7:30 p.m. That pantry has income limits and limits on the number of visits per year (maximum six). In addition, clients must be in line before 7:30 p.m. and may be turned away when the maximum number of 70 is reached. A few centers serve seniors only.
Figure 47. Locations of Food Pantries and Food Banks, Starfish Communities Subset
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Operation Refuge is a Community Development Center in Inkster that operates a food pantry and provides nutrition advice, life skills training, computer training, and senior support services. The center also has a chef on staff who dispenses food preparation tips. By January 1, 2011, Operation Refuge will open a client choice pantry, which will look like a neighborhood 7-11 store. Eligible patrons will shop for free.
(7) Subsidized housing
There is subsidized housing in most of the highest stress areas of the seven at risk communities with the exception of parts of Dearborn (Figure 48). Subsidized housing along the Michigan Avenue axis and in Taylor is located in areas of some of the highest vacancy rates (see Figure 25).
Starfish staff elaborated on the subsidized housing found in Inkster. South of Michigan Avenue, there is only one housing project on the city’s east side in contrast to several on the west side. One of Inkster’s west side projects, home of some of the gangs in Inkster, has been dubbed “Little Saigon” reflecting a history of violence.
Figure 48. Locations of Subsidized Housing, Starfish Communities Subset
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Inkster community stakeholders commented on the low-income housing situation in Inkster. They noted that families who had left Inkster because of the economy are returning in part because of availability of low-income housing in the city. When they return, many of the families move in with grandparents (children are allowed to live with grandparents in Thompson Towers, a housing development for senior citizens in Inkster). In about 25% of the cases of children living with grandparents, it is children alone who returned to Inkster, not with their parents. One effect of the number of returning families is an increase in the public school population in Inkster.
Community members also cited the need for services by residents of public housing. Many parents seem to have given up, believing that they are stuck in the housing projects. They need help with life skills, such as setting goals and learning how to get out of public housing. Wrap around services for residents in public housing were suggested to help with the transition from public housing to private residences. As it is now, many people are not preparing for the transition, with a resulting increase in the number of homeless people, including school age children, in Inkster.
(8) Youth development programs
Youth development programs include after school programs such as the Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts as well as civic recreation centers and city and county parks. City and county parks are not mapped but are listed in Appendix D, Table 14.
The lack of recreation activities was, like the lack of transportation, a recurrent theme in the focus groups.
The Starfish staff members were very concerned about the lack of recreation activities for children and youth in the Inkster community. They explained that “the activities that are available to children in Inkster are tennis and golf. That is totally irrelevant to these kids.” All of the respondents noted that they believed that a lack of recreational activities for youth in the neighborhood was a major concern. Several people in the group commented that recreational activities in the community have been discontinued over the last several years. One respondent said, “No one is advocating for activities for children. Kids come home from school and they just play alone.”
In another focus group, parents of Starfish clients were concerned about
…a lack of recreational activities for young children and teens living in Inkster. One mother stated, “Kids need physical activities. They need a park like Splash Zone.” Still another, “There is nothing to do in Inkster. That’s not good for kids.” Several group members complained that they had to drive a long distance to find recreational activities for their children. They said, “Even in Dearborn or Dearborn Heights I can take my child to do something, but [here] you have to pay… [Children need] more activities, things to do, [however] we have to go to Romulus and Westland for something to do for my child. They noted that without reliable transportation, families are not able to take advantage of the leisure activities in surrounding areas. Several focus group participants expressed frustration about the few activities that were available in Inkster, stating, “The resource center is okay, but it’s too hard to get services there.” Another mother
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(who had been silent up until this point) spoke up, saying, “Even if you go to the library, you have to wait two hours to use the computer!” Upon hearing this, about 4 or 5 group members said that they had had a similar experience.
There are no Boys & Girls Clubs in the seven communities; however, there are Girl Scout and Boy Scout troops. Table 15 illustrates that the number of Boy Scout troops in a community is not simply a function of community size.
Table 15. Boy Scout Troops by Community, Starfish Communities Subset No. of packs No. of troops Community (ages 7-9) (ages 10-18)
Dearborn 11 11 Dearborn Heights 3 1 Garden City 6 2 Inkster 0 0 Taylor 6 4 Wayne 3 2 Westland 9 3 Source: Boy Scouts of America
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Figure 49. Civic Recreation Centers, Starfish Service Area Subset
All the cities have at least one municipal recreation center (Figure 49). However, lack of transportation, a problem noted above, can be a significant barrier to use of the centers. A second barrier can be the cost. The Dozier Recreational Complex in Inkster, for example, charges $5 per hour for members and $7 per hour for non-members to use the racquetball court. The annual membership fee in the Complex is $25 for ages 17 and younger and $70 for adults 18 and over. The annual membership fee in the Taylor Recreation Center is steeper: $175 for residents and $225 for non-residents.
A third barrier is age restrictions. It appears, for example, that fitness facilities at the Maplewood Community Center in Garden City are limited to individuals age 17 or older. Finally, recreation centers differ in the types of activities available in the facility. The Taylor Recreation Center does not have a swimming pool in the complex but provides passes to members to use the pools at two offsite locations. The Dozier Recreational Complex has an outdoor swimming pool only.
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Strategic Implications
With much justification, there is considerable national and regional attention on the challenges faced by the City of Detroit. This study, however, points to significant challenges and barriers likewise facing families in the surrounding communities of Western Wayne County that, left unaddressed, will also impede the economic development, growth, and long-term vitality of our region and state.
Significant numbers of families in Western Wayne County face a range of stressors, including low income, unemployment, low educational attainment, and complex and inconsistent school choices for their children. Access to available public and private services is limited for many of those in need by lack of information, limited understanding, inadequate transportation systems, and the complexity of programs, services, and institutions that, while well intentioned, are confusing and fragmented. For example, the fourteen studied communities in the Starfish service area are served by thirteen public school districts, nearly half of which have graduation rates less than 75%. Residents of the City of Inkster (population less than 30,000) are served by four public school districts and have access to dozens of local charter schools as well as to schools in other “schools of choice” districts, many of which are similarly low performing.
Many parents with low educational attainment and resulting limited literacy skills are challenged to make life-changing decisions for their children with insufficient information, knowledge, and experience in navigating systems and advocating for their children.
The Stress Index, created by Data Driven Detroit for this study, helps pinpoint the greatest areas of vulnerability in order to focus service delivery and supports. High areas of need are found in Inkster, Dearborn (east side), Taylor, Wayne, and certain areas within Westland, Garden City, Dearborn Heights, and Canton.
Following is a set of key implications for consideration in Starfish strategic planning as well as in community dialogue and action to begin to address the significant challenges facing families and children highlighted by this study. The implications are grouped into “General” and “Programmatic.”
General:
Currently, many of the agency’s programs are only offered in Inkster, creating access barriers for high need families elsewhere in the county. An opportunity exists for Starfish to build capacity and better demonstrate its impact in Inkster in order to replicate and scale its service model in other high stress communities. Starfish has significant early childhood expertise and reach within Western Wayne County and seeks to strengthen this area as a true “best practices” model. The current Inkster initiative, focusing on child (0 to 5) outcomes, is a critical focal point for the agency. A model program developed in Inkster can be taken to other communities in the years to come. The complexity and depth of issues facing families in Western Wayne County requires cross systems collaboration and systems level change to positively impact the trajectory of low-income families. Citizens, local and state government, private social service agencies, foundations, and education and health care institutions must work together to
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solve problems as basic as access to information and issues as complex as school reform and public transportation systems. Advocacy and public policy will be cornerstones of any high impact and sustained effort to eliminate or significantly reduce the barriers faced by low-income families in Western Wayne County. Transportation is a major issue in Inkster (consistently identified in community meetings and focus groups) as well as in other low-income areas in surrounding communities. The Starfish main facility is not conveniently located for easy access by public transportation. The transience of families and day-to-day mobility of children (leaving and entering school districts) further complicate the inadequate transportation situation and have implications for service delivery. As an example, Starfish’s after school programs in the Westwood Community School District do not offer transportation, thus limiting many Detroit-based students from leveraging this program because they have no way to get home at the end of the day. The community of Inkster made it very clear that access to information on programming and resources is quite limited. There appears to be no “centralized” source of information around childcare, food access, recreation, education classes, etc. In addition, the issue of how to best provide information in low-income communities with minimal infrastructure and limited technology in homes is yet to be solved. There is an opportunity for Starfish to collaborate with the Mayor of Inkster and others in city leadership to develop a comprehensive resource guide and identify a variety of communication strategies for making sure people who need the information are able to receive it.
Programmatic / Gap Analysis:
Programs for Parents and Caregivers: Basic educational and literacy services addressing the low educational attainment of many parents and caregivers are limited. With few exceptions, the highest stress index areas are not well covered by either pediatricians or obstetricians/gynecologists.
Early Childhood Development Programs: Prenatal and infant services are highly limited. Starfish Early Head Start reach is significantly limited with only 64 funded slots to cover 14 communities.
Programs for Youth, Teens, and Young Adults: There is an opportunity for additional youth enrichment and recreation programs and services in many of the high stress communities.
Children’s Mental Health and Counseling Programs: Starfish has an opportunity to offer new outpatient services in the high stress areas outlined in this study. The Livonia Lifespan Clinic is a good distance from the pockets of high stress in Western Wayne County; the Westland clinic is better situated.
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Nevertheless, the high areas of need in Inkster, Taylor, Wayne, and Dearborn have limited access to specialized children’s and family services through outpatient clinics.
Summary Data Driven Detroit (D3) believes that Starfish Family Services is well poised to support low- income families in Western Wayne County. With more than a dozen service sites and a broad continuum of services, the agency annually reaches thousands of low-income families and their children. Starfish’s strong connection to high stress families in Western Wayne County has been recognized over the last 12-24 months by key partners who have sought out Starfish to deliver strategic services. These partners include Wayne RESA, the United Way for Southeastern Michigan, the Detroit Wayne County Community Mental Health Agency, and Wayne Metro Community Action Agency.
D3 recommends that Starfish staff give high priority to the community/client orientation sought through this study in its ongoing work, seeking out more feedback from the community in its day-to-day operations. This report has been created primarily using secondary data, with limited focus group input. The value of information received in the focus groups supporting this report is tremendous, as it reflects the viewpoints of those whom the agency seeks to serve. Such efforts need to be expanded. Starfish administrators, staff, and board would do well to sit down regularly with the parents and older children who participate in their programs to learn their views on the challenges this report has identified.
It is of critical importance that extra effort in seeking input is targeted to the high stress areas of Western Wayne County with large concentrations of ethnic and racial minorities. Due to historical patterns of marginalization, these groups often feel socially isolated. .As a result, bridges need to be built to gain trust with the range of races and cultures in Western Wayne, helping to alleviate service fragmentation and encourage participation by the most vulnerable families.
With greater infrastructure for community outreach and engagement, Starfish could take the lead in convening other agencies to do further community outreach and offer better coordinated service delivery.
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Appendices
Appendix A
Data Sources Utilized in Needs Assessment
U.S. Bureau of the Census U.S. Census Bureau Estimates Bureau U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Postal Service Corelogic Boy Scouts of America Head Start Demographics Now and Claritas Databases United Way for Southeastern Michigan Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) Michigan Department of Community Health Michigan Department of Human Services Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth Michigan Center for Educational Performance and Information The Information Center Great Start Readiness Program Five focus groups conducted at Starfish Family Services Starfish staff Youth advisory group Parents of Starfish clients Community members Lifespan staff
86 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B1. Total Population, Total Household, Average Household Size, Age Distribution: Canton Township to Northville Canton Township Dearborn Heights Dearborn Garden City Inkster Livonia Northville Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Population 1990 57,039 60,822 89,302 31,846 30,800 100,849 2,859 2000 76,366 34% 58,248 -4% 97,791 10% 30,047 -6% 30,115 -2% 100,545 0% 3,107 9% 2009 92,599 21% 58,690 1% 98,051 0% 30,115 0% 28,785 -4% 102,211 2% 3,130 1% Total Households 1990 19,541 23,424 35,447 11,214 11,212 35,915 1,248 2000 27,490 41% 23,270 -1% 36,776 4% 11,479 2% 11,169 0% 38,089 6% 1,417 14% 2009 29,784 8% 20,976 -10% 33,162 -10% 10,286 -10% 9,662 -13% 34,768 -9% 1,282 -10% Average Household Size 1990 2.92 2.60 2.52 2.84 2.75 2.81 2.29 2000 2.78 2.50 2.66 2.62 2.70 2.64 2.19 2009 3.11 2.80 2.96 2.93 2.98 2.94 2.44 Age Distribution, 2009 Age 0 to 4 6,938 7% 3,444 6% 6,971 7% 1,741 6% 2,013 7% 5,340 5% 187 6% Age 5 to 9 6,684 7% 3,320 6% 6,560 7% 1,896 6% 2,156 7% 5,928 6% 156 5% Age 10 to 14 6,611 7% 3,593 6% 6,938 7% 2,101 7% 2,216 8% 7,035 7% 187 6% Age 14 to 17 5,627 6% 3,123 5% 5,890 6% 1,842 6% 1,758 6% 6,219 6% 148 5% Age < 18 25,860 28% 13,480 23% 26,359 27% 7,580 25% 8,143 28% 24,522 24% 678 22% Age 15 to 19 7,017 8% 3,948 7% 7,416 8% 2,324 8% 2,178 8% 7,468 7% 160 5% Age 20 to 24 5,742 6% 3,450 6% 6,161 6% 1,709 6% 2,016 7% 4,918 5% 137 4% Age 25 to 29 5,370 6% 3,219 5% 5,592 6% 1,622 5% 1,877 7% 4,368 4% 152 5% Age 30 to 34 6,617 7% 3,502 6% 6,032 6% 1,970 7% 1,781 6% 5,477 5% 189 6% Age 35 to 39 7,813 8% 3,961 7% 6,504 7% 2,335 8% 1,931 7% 7,111 7% 230 7% Age 40 to 44 7,571 8% 4,253 7% 6,663 7% 2,373 8% 1,916 7% 8,355 8% 254 8% Age 45 to 49 7,620 8% 4,236 7% 6,874 7% 2,337 8% 1,979 7% 8,652 8% 291 9% Age 50 to 54 7,751 8% 4,057 7% 6,711 7% 2,072 7% 2,028 7% 7,893 8% 284 9% Age 55 to 59 6,235 7% 4,070 7% 6,055 6% 2,040 7% 1,957 7% 7,393 7% 269 9% Age 60 to 64 3,771 4% 3,656 6% 4,858 5% 1,623 5% 1,456 5% 6,205 6% 191 6% Age 65 and over 6,862 7% 9,984 17% 14,718 15% 3,972 13% 3,283 11% 16,069 16% 443 14% Age 65 to 69 2,244 2% 2,886 5% 3,403 3% 1,366 5% 1,060 4% 4,651 5% 103 3% Age 70 to 74 1,511 2% 2,261 4% 2,883 3% 1,015 3% 723 3% 3,639 4% 84 3% Age 75 to 79 1,204 1% 1,928 3% 2,913 3% 714 2% 604 2% 2,944 3% 73 2% Age 80 to 84 982 1% 1,549 3% 2,740 3% 469 2% 472 2% 2,306 2% 74 2% Age 85 and over 921 1% 1,361 2% 2,778 3% 408 1% 424 1% 2,529 2% 109 3% Age 18 and over 68,118 74% 45,974 78% 73,142 75% 22,980 76% 21,105 73% 79,214 78% 2,492 80% Median Age 35.9 41.1 37.6 38.7 35.4 42.1 43.4 Source: Demographics Now 87 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B2. Total Population, Total Household, Average Household Size, Age Distribution: Northville Township to Westland Northville Twp. Plymouth Plymouth Township Redford Township Taylor Wayne Westland Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Population 1990 17,311 9,560 23,648 54,387 70,811 19,898 84,695 2000 21,036 22% 9,022 -6% 27,798 18% 51,622 -5% 65,868 -7% 19,051 -4% 86,602 2% 2009 28,890 37% 9,106 1% 29,229 5% 51,543 0% 66,678 1% 19,471 2% 89,091 3% Total Households 1990 6,144 4,267 8,814 20,122 24,861 7,137 33,100 2000 8,119 32% 4,322 1% 10,757 22% 20,182 0% 24,776 0% 7,373 3% 36,533 10% 2009 9,901 22% 3,931 -9% 10,110 -6% 18,065 -10% 22,511 -9% 6,781 -8% 33,724 -8% Average Household Size 1990 2.82 2.24 2.68 2.70 2.85 2.79 2.56 2000 2.59 2.09 2.58 2.56 2.66 2.58 2.37 2009 2.92 2.32 2.89 2.85 2.96 2.87 2.64 Age Distribution, 2009 Age 0 to 4 1,386 5% 530 6% 1,607 5% 3,193 6% 4,326 6% 1,252 6% 5,533 6% Age 5 to 9 1,586 5% 455 5% 1,632 6% 3,245 6% 4,528 7% 1,261 6% 5,213 6% Age 10 to 14 1,910 7% 467 5% 1,838 6% 3,604 7% 4,750 7% 1,362 7% 5,459 6% Age 14 to 17 1,648 6% 388 4% 1,587 5% 3,050 6% 3,906 6% 1,161 6% 4,588 5% Age < 18 6,530 23% 1,840 20% 6,664 23% 13,092 25% 17,510 26% 5,036 26% 20,793 23% Age 15 to 19 1,941 7% 478 5% 1,927 7% 3,766 7% 5,025 8% 1,466 8% 6,027 7% Age 20 to 24 1,340 5% 467 5% 1,494 5% 2,866 6% 4,670 7% 1,257 6% 6,203 7% Age 25 to 29 1,184 4% 687 8% 1,300 4% 3,057 6% 4,025 6% 1,189 6% 6,045 7% Age 30 to 34 1,360 5% 719 8% 1,666 6% 3,556 7% 4,081 6% 1,217 6% 6,026 7% Age 35 to 39 1,927 7% 707 8% 2,198 8% 3,955 8% 4,605 7% 1,394 7% 6,477 7% Age 40 to 44 2,395 8% 701 8% 2,272 8% 4,204 8% 4,823 7% 1,431 7% 6,643 7% Age 45 to 49 2,547 9% 698 8% 2,473 8% 3,915 8% 4,753 7% 1,478 8% 6,424 7% Age 50 to 54 2,936 10% 753 8% 2,874 10% 3,383 7% 4,880 7% 1,468 8% 6,259 7% Age 55 to 59 2,790 10% 610 7% 2,698 9% 2,856 6% 4,723 7% 1,313 7% 5,788 6% Age 60 to 64 1,936 7% 433 5% 1,752 6% 2,454 5% 3,870 6% 1,079 6% 5,010 6% Age 65 and over 3,652 13% 1,401 15% 3,497 12% 7,489 15% 7,624 11% 2,306 12% 11,991 13% Age 65 to 69 1,181 4% 327 4% 1,163 4% 1,760 3% 2,692 4% 669 3% 3,580 4% Age 70 to 74 790 3% 275 3% 793 3% 1,610 3% 1,747 3% 511 3% 2,460 3% Age 75 to 79 675 2% 228 3% 583 2% 1,517 3% 1,242 2% 426 2% 2,032 2% Age 80 to 84 538 2% 253 3% 478 2% 1,294 3% 968 1% 354 2% 1,771 2% Age 85 and over 468 2% 318 3% 480 2% 1,308 3% 975 1% 346 2% 2,148 2% Age 18 and over 22,761 79% 7,363 81% 22,964 79% 39,191 76% 50,116 75% 14,724 76% 69,432 78% Median Age 43.8 40.3 42.1 38.2 37.2 37.7 38.2 Source: Demographics Now
88 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B3. Race/Ethnicity, Households by Type, Educational Attainment: Canton Township to Northville Canton Township Dearborn Heights Dearborn Garden City Inkster Livonia Northville Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Race / Ethnicity, 2009 Non-Hispanic 89,506 97% 55,977 95% 93,949 96% 29,218 97% 28,078 98% 99,544 97% 3,049 97% White 70,372 76% 48,832 83% 78,515 80% 26,620 88% 7,825 27% 89,650 88% 2,813 90% Black 7,448 8% 4,004 7% 6,474 7% 1,861 6% 18,239 63% 5,941 6% 148 5% Native American 113 0% 81 0% 94 0% 50 0% 40 0% 97 0% 1 0% Asian 10,165 11% 1,795 3% 2,155 2% 363 1% 1,354 5% 2,797 3% 57 2% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 24 0% 10 0% 30 0% 2 0% 3 0% 25 0% 2 0% Other Race 68 0% 17 0% 42 0% 4 0% 35 0% 47 0% 3 0% Multiple Race 1,316 1% 1,238 2% 6,639 7% 318 1% 582 2% 987 1% 25 1% Hispanic 3,093 3% 2,713 5% 4,102 4% 897 3% 707 2% 2,667 3% 81 3% Households by Type, 2009 Family Households 21,327 72% 13,647 65% 20,511 62% 7,072 69% 6,127 63% 24,508 70% 711 55% Married Couple, w/ Children 9,254 31% 4,169 20% 7,540 23% 2,387 23% 1,407 15% 8,678 25% 242 19% Married Couple, No Children 8,051 27% 6,087 29% 8,000 24% 2,949 29% 1,665 17% 11,480 33% 362 28% Female, No Husband, 2,062 7% 1,243 6% 1,913 6% 722 7% 1,761 18% 1,730 5% 46 4% Female, No Husband, No 1,025 3% 1,240 6% 1,570 5% 545 5% 753 8% 1,522 4% 33 3% Male, No Wife, w/ Children 471 2% 377 2% 566 2% 230 2% 270 3% 434 1% 11 1% Male, No Wife, No Childen 464 2% 531 3% 922 3% 239 2% 271 3% 664 2% 17 1% (Single parent hh's as % of 2,533 21% 1,620 28% 2,479 25% 952 29% 2,031 59% 2,164 20% 57 19% family hh's with children) NonFamily Households 8,457 28% 7,330 35% 12,650 38% 3,214 31% 3,535 37% 10,260 30% 571 45% 1 Person, Male 3,782 13% 3,922 19% 6,704 20% 1,644 16% 1,694 18% 5,696 16% 304 24% 1 Person, Female 3,420 11% 2,674 13% 4,787 14% 1,200 12% 1,424 15% 3,576 10% 215 17% 2 or more Persons 1,255 4% 734 3% 1,159 3% 370 4% 417 4% 988 3% 52 4% Average Household Size 3.11 2.77 2.95 2.93 2.96 2.89 2.42 Average Family Size 3.88 3.65 4.09 3.74 3.90 3.66 3.45 Educational Attainment, 2009 Total 25 Years and over 59,610 40,937 64,008 20,344 18,208 71,523 2,303 Less than 9th grade 1,250 2% 2,022 5% 4,677 7% 714 4% 870 5% 2,033 3% 51 2% 9th to 12th Grade No Diploma 3,420 6% 4,452 11% 6,074 9% 2,227 11% 2,577 14% 4,747 7% 135 6% High school graduate 13,763 23% 15,064 37% 17,823 28% 8,345 41% 6,505 36% 21,146 30% 471 20% College, No Diploma 13,107 22% 8,363 20% 12,551 20% 4,844 24% 4,183 23% 15,976 22% 405 18% Associate degree 5,215 9% 3,287 8% 5,219 8% 1,788 9% 1,299 7% 6,143 9% 168 7% Bachelor's degree 13,836 23% 4,940 12% 10,108 16% 1,695 8% 1,635 9% 13,709 19% 582 25% Graduate or Professional 9,019 15% 2,808 7% 7,557 12% 731 4% 1,139 6% 7,769 11% 491 21% School Degree Source: Demographics Now 89 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B4. Race/Ethnicity, Households by Type, Educational Attainment: Northville Township to Westland Northville Twp. Plymouth Plymouth Township Redford Township Taylor Wayne Westland Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Race / Ethnicity, 2009 Non-Hispanic 28,147 97% 8,912 98% 28,505 98% 50,014 97% 63,715 96% 18,916 97% 86,003 97% White 24,073 83% 8,122 89% 24,917 85% 41,983 81% 52,504 79% 15,165 78% 70,983 80% Black 2,116 7% 520 6% 2,089 7% 6,542 13% 8,473 13% 2,979 15% 9,989 11% Native American 26 0% 12 0% 33 0% 86 0% 162 0% 43 0% 148 0% Asian 1,587 5% 149 2% 1,135 4% 652 1% 1,566 2% 417 2% 3,396 4% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 12 0% 8 0% 9 0% 16 0% 33 0% 15 0% 59 0% Other Race 15 0% 2 0% 22 0% 30 0% 33 0% 18 0% 56 0% Multiple Race 318 1% 99 1% 300 1% 705 1% 944 1% 279 1% 1,372 2% Hispanic 743 3% 194 2% 724 2% 1,529 3% 2,963 4% 555 3% 3,088 3% Households by Type, 2009 Family Households 6,881 69% 1,968 50% 6,977 69% 11,620 64% 15,433 69% 4,256 63% 19,653 58% Married Couple, w/ Children 2,367 24% 604 15% 2,455 24% 3,894 22% 4,529 20% 1,347 20% 6,115 18% Married Couple, No Children 3,597 36% 933 24% 3,512 35% 4,506 25% 5,668 25% 1,495 22% 7,796 23% Female, No Husband, 407 4% 178 5% 434 4% 1,361 8% 2,799 12% 743 11% 2,698 8% Female, No Husband, No 295 3% 136 3% 326 3% 1,001 6% 1,244 6% 351 5% 1,626 5% Male, No Wife, w/ Children 85 1% 42 1% 112 1% 400 2% 634 3% 168 2% 731 2% Male, No Wife, No Childen 130 1% 75 2% 138 1% 458 3% 559 2% 152 2% 687 2% (Single parent hh's as % of 492 17% 220 27% 546 18% 1,761 31% 3,433 43% 911 40% 3,429 36% family hh's with children) NonFamily Households 3,020 31% 1,963 50% 3,133 31% 6,445 36% 7,078 31% 2,525 37% 14,071 42% 1 Person, Male 1,615 16% 1,092 28% 1,691 17% 3,265 18% 3,442 15% 1,221 18% 7,181 21% 1 Person, Female 1,047 11% 686 17% 1,117 11% 2,390 13% 2,658 12% 992 15% 5,126 15% 2 or more Persons 358 4% 185 5% 325 3% 790 4% 978 4% 312 5% 1,764 5% Average Household Size 2.78 2.27 2.81 2.84 2.94 2.82 2.62 Average Family Size 3.51 3.37 3.59 3.75 3.71 3.76 3.60 Educational Attainment, 2009 Total 25 Years and over 20,727 6,709 20,730 34,869 43,384 12,875 60,663 Less than 9th grade 490 2% 134 2% 378 2% 944 3% 2,065 5% 516 4% 2,194 4% 9th to 12th Grade No Diploma 926 4% 449 7% 993 5% 3,007 9% 5,876 14% 1,586 12% 6,687 11% High school graduate 3,891 19% 1,574 23% 4,795 23% 13,234 38% 18,303 42% 5,212 40% 22,151 37% College, No Diploma 3,560 17% 1,397 21% 3,900 19% 8,718 25% 9,382 22% 2,827 22% 14,115 23% Associate degree 1,643 8% 451 7% 1,844 9% 2,673 8% 3,157 7% 774 6% 4,433 7% Bachelor's degree 5,622 27% 1,598 24% 4,934 24% 4,355 12% 2,962 7% 1,243 10% 7,411 12% Graduate or Professional 4,595 22% 1,106 16% 3,886 19% 1,938 6% 1,639 4% 717 6% 3,672 6% School Degree Source: Demographics Now
90 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B5. Labor Force and Employment, Household Income: Canton Township to Northville Canton Township Dearborn Heights Dearborn Garden City Inkster Livonia Northville
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Labor Force and Employment, 2009 Age 16 + Population 70,964 47,570 76,110 23,951 21,945 82,309 2,563 In Labor Force 48,056 68% 27,543 58% 42,827 56% 14,890 62% 12,970 59% 50,639 62% 1,661 65% Employed 44,098 92% 24,444 89% 37,793 88% 13,262 89% 10,791 83% 45,945 91% 1,542 93% Unemployed 3,948 8% 3,094 11% 5,030 12% 1,627 11% 2,171 17% 4,664 9% 119 7% Not In Labor Force 22,908 32% 20,027 42% 33,283 44% 9,061 38% 8,975 41% 31,670 38% 902 35% Household Income, 2009 $0 to $5,000 405 1% 407 2% 1,471 4% 270 3% 825 9% 548 2% 20 2% $5,000 to $9,999 240 1% 314 1% 968 3% 180 2% 380 4% 359 1% 25 2% $10,000 to $14,999 398 1% 599 3% 1,511 5% 287 3% 506 5% 597 2% 47 4% $15,000 to $19,999 603 2% 873 4% 1,877 6% 351 3% 535 6% 1,047 3% 58 5% $20,000 to $24,999 842 3% 950 5% 1,659 5% 405 4% 528 5% 1,085 3% 49 4% $25,000 to $29,999 860 3% 1,033 5% 1,638 5% 437 4% 599 6% 1,117 3% 30 2% $30,000 to $34,999 1,010 3% 938 4% 1,599 5% 422 4% 523 5% 1,157 3% 54 4% $35,000 to $39,999 846 3% 971 5% 1,328 4% 412 4% 443 5% 1,093 3% 53 4% $40,000 to $44,999 1,004 3% 1,310 6% 1,519 5% 516 5% 510 5% 1,424 4% 72 6% $45,000 to $49,999 1,067 4% 1,147 5% 1,338 4% 439 4% 424 4% 1,326 4% 69 5% $50,000 to $54,999 865 3% 963 5% 1,448 4% 462 4% 504 5% 1,331 4% 45 4% $55,000 to $59,999 858 3% 968 5% 1,257 4% 518 5% 403 4% 1,340 4% 28 2% $60,000 to $64,999 819 3% 961 5% 1,175 4% 475 5% 370 4% 1,212 3% 33 3% $65,000 to $69,999 881 3% 1,026 5% 1,241 4% 492 5% 372 4% 1,266 4% 40 3% $70,000 to $74,999 850 3% 841 4% 1,083 3% 440 4% 293 3% 1,202 3% 37 3% $75,000 to $79,999 878 3% 756 4% 1,036 3% 535 5% 289 3% 1,290 4% 20 2% $80,000 to $84,999 920 3% 674 3% 945 3% 464 5% 248 3% 1,236 4% 20 2% $85,000 to $89,999 1,023 3% 623 3% 879 3% 406 4% 219 2% 1,212 3% 20 2% $90,000 to $94,999 1,037 3% 547 3% 773 2% 337 3% 185 2% 1,137 3% 19 1% $95,000 to $99,999 894 3% 562 3% 713 2% 281 3% 203 2% 1,117 3% 32 2% $100,000 to $124,999 4,587 15% 2,132 10% 2,905 9% 1,071 10% 658 7% 4,893 14% 146 11% $125,000 to $149,999 3,462 12% 1,023 5% 1,755 5% 563 5% 260 3% 3,045 9% 88 7% $150,000 and over 5,435 18% 1,362 6% 3,040 9% 523 5% 385 4% 4,734 14% 277 22% Household Average $84,697 $57,298 $59,598 $58,277 $44,474 $74,748 $86,060 Median Household Income $92,482 $60,091 $55,843 $64,674 $44,815 $79,961 $72,267 Per Capita Income $27,267 $20,620 $20,214 $19,924 $15,251 $25,811 $36,160 Source: Demographics Now 91 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B6. Labor Force and Employment, Household Income: Northville Township to Westland Northville Twp. Plymouth Plymouth Township Redford Township Taylor Wayne Westland
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Labor Force and Employment, 2009 Age 16 + Population 23,623 7,559 23,746 40,724 52,128 15,307 71,725 In Labor Force 14,393 61% 4,835 64% 14,617 62% 25,212 62% 31,791 61% 9,471 62% 45,113 63% Employed 13,305 92% 4,438 92% 13,437 92% 22,712 90% 27,654 87% 8,247 87% 40,182 89% Unemployed 1,082 8% 397 8% 1,179 8% 2,495 10% 4,131 13% 1,224 13% 4,915 11% Not In Labor Force 9,230 39% 2,724 36% 9,129 38% 15,512 38% 20,337 39% 5,836 38% 26,612 37% Household Income, 2009 $0 to $5,000 155 2% 65 2% 45 0% 504 3% 919 4% 310 5% 967 3% $5,000 to $9,999 58 1% 65 2% 67 1% 227 1% 569 3% 200 3% 639 2% $10,000 to $14,999 94 1% 125 3% 134 1% 360 2% 886 4% 299 4% 1,125 3% $15,000 to $19,999 171 2% 226 6% 269 3% 583 3% 1,049 5% 315 5% 1,514 4% $20,000 to $24,999 260 3% 169 4% 255 3% 792 4% 1,093 5% 251 4% 1,632 5% $25,000 to $29,999 188 2% 169 4% 284 3% 888 5% 1,239 6% 304 4% 1,590 5% $30,000 to $34,999 209 2% 153 4% 351 3% 793 4% 1,155 5% 362 5% 1,577 5% $35,000 to $39,999 209 2% 150 4% 358 4% 776 4% 1,089 5% 296 4% 1,624 5% $40,000 to $44,999 264 3% 208 5% 397 4% 1,034 6% 1,347 6% 317 5% 2,030 6% $45,000 to $49,999 259 3% 175 4% 252 2% 955 5% 1,132 5% 276 4% 1,621 5% $50,000 to $54,999 249 3% 166 4% 298 3% 960 5% 1,080 5% 300 4% 1,612 5% $55,000 to $59,999 274 3% 154 4% 282 3% 900 5% 1,029 5% 271 4% 1,550 5% $60,000 to $64,999 230 2% 124 3% 254 3% 899 5% 927 4% 239 4% 1,438 4% $65,000 to $69,999 232 2% 126 3% 265 3% 961 5% 939 4% 258 4% 1,491 4% $70,000 to $74,999 228 2% 113 3% 256 3% 820 5% 776 3% 230 3% 1,286 4% $75,000 to $79,999 213 2% 115 3% 294 3% 822 5% 745 3% 290 4% 1,243 4% $80,000 to $84,999 210 2% 107 3% 296 3% 702 4% 660 3% 244 4% 1,094 3% $85,000 to $89,999 217 2% 102 3% 298 3% 630 3% 598 3% 219 3% 1,004 3% $90,000 to $94,999 211 2% 94 2% 294 3% 528 3% 522 2% 187 3% 884 3% $95,000 to $99,999 204 2% 97 2% 255 3% 523 3% 547 2% 178 3% 972 3% $100,000 to $124,999 1,200 12% 436 11% 1,328 13% 1,762 10% 2,026 9% 658 10% 3,496 10% $125,000 to $149,999 986 10% 288 7% 876 9% 897 5% 1,099 5% 371 5% 1,829 5% $150,000 and over 3,580 36% 504 13% 2,702 27% 749 4% 1,085 5% 406 6% 1,506 4% Household Average Income $140,894 $75,193 $102,937 $56,420 $51,341 $57,823 $54,080 Median Household Income $116,931 $65,650 $97,030 $61,461 $53,575 $57,892 $57,968 Per Capita Income $49,165 $32,950 $36,093 $19,969 $17,548 $20,586 $20,737 Source: Demographics Now 92 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B7. Housing Units and Length of Residency, Vehicle Availability: Canton Township to Northville
Canton Township Dearborn Heights Dearborn Garden City Inkster Livonia Northville Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Housing Units and Length of Residency, 2009 Housing Units 35,588 24,782 40,493 12,077 11,923 41,013 1,537 Occupied Housing Units 29,784 84% 20,976 85% 33,162 82% 10,286 85% 9,662 81% 34,768 85% 1,282 83% Owner Occupied Units 23,616 79% 18,021 86% 24,402 74% 8,918 87% 5,622 58% 30,875 89% 792 62% Renter Occupied Units 6,168 21% 2,954 14% 8,761 26% 1,368 13% 4,040 42% 3,893 11% 490 38% Vacant Housing Units 5,804 16% 3,806 15% 7,331 18% 1,791 15% 2,261 19% 6,245 15% 255 17% Less than 1 Year 3,079 10% 1,512 7% 3,402 10% 586 6% 1,203 12% 2,142 6% 166 13% 1 to 2 Years 10,751 36% 4,981 24% 9,568 29% 2,291 22% 3,497 36% 7,805 22% 501 39% (2 Years or Less) 13,830 46% 6,493 31% 12,970 39% 2,877 28% 4,700 49% 9,947 29% 667 52% 3 to 5 Years 6,207 21% 3,502 17% 5,685 17% 2,016 20% 1,836 19% 6,436 19% 198 15% 6 to 10 Years 3,840 13% 2,601 12% 3,774 11% 1,333 13% 794 8% 5,070 15% 149 12% 10 Plus Years 5,924 20% 8,410 40% 10,794 33% 4,063 40% 2,340 24% 13,325 38% 267 21% Median Years in Residence 3.33 6.63 4.57 6.58 3.13 6.66 2.87 Stability (% In Current Residence 32.8 52.5 43.9 52.5 32.4 52.9 32.5 5 Plus Years) Turnover (% Annual Residential 10.3 7.2 10.3 5.7 12.5 6.2 13.0 Vehicle Availability, 2009 Average Vehicles Per Hhld 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.7 0 Vehicles Available 1,082 4% 1,265 6% 3,412 10% 512 5% 1,386 14% 1,335 4% 81 6% 1 Vehicle Available 8,411 28% 8,174 39% 14,000 42% 3,387 33% 4,089 42% 10,192 29% 466 36% 2+ Vehicles Available 20,291 68% 11,537 55% 15,750 47% 6,387 62% 4,187 43% 23,241 67% 735 57% Source: Demographics Now
93 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix B. Community Profiles Table B8. Housing Units and Length of Residency, Vehicle Availability: Northville Township to Westland Plymouth Northville Twp. Plymouth Redford Township Taylor Wayne Westland Township Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Housing Units and Length of Residency, 2009 Housing Units 11,966 4,706 11,941 21,217 27,082 8,102 40,433 Occupied Housing Units 9,901 83% 3,931 84% 10,110 85% 18,065 85% 22,511 83% 6,781 84% 33,724 83% Owner Occupied Units 7,846 79% 2,583 66% 8,517 84% 16,248 90% 16,006 71% 4,430 65% 21,352 63% Renter Occupied Units 2,055 21% 1,348 34% 1,593 16% 1,817 10% 6,505 29% 2,351 35% 12,372 37% Vacant Housing Units 2,065 17% 775 16% 1,831 15% 3,152 15% 4,571 17% 1,321 16% 6,709 17% Less than 1 Year 1,043 11% 427 11% 681 7% 1,174 6% 2,001 9% 614 9% 3,359 10% 1 to 2 Years 3,021 31% 1,280 33% 2,760 27% 4,410 24% 7,340 33% 2,047 30% 11,114 33% (2 Years or Less) 4,064 41% 1,707 43% 3,441 34% 5,584 31% 9,341 41% 2,661 39% 14,473 43% 3 to 5 Years 1,913 19% 718 18% 1,840 18% 3,321 18% 3,789 17% 1,273 19% 7,048 21% 6 to 10 Years 1,471 15% 447 11% 1,635 16% 2,425 13% 2,445 11% 821 12% 3,540 10% 10 Plus Years 2,471 25% 1,063 27% 3,199 32% 6,756 37% 6,985 31% 2,029 30% 8,684 26% Median Years in Residence 4.06 3.74 5.52 6.18 4.09 4.36 3.72 Stability (% In Current Residence 39.8 38.4 47.8 50.8 41.9 42.0 36.3 5 Plus Years) Turnover (% Annual Residential 10.5 10.9 6.7 6.5 8.9 9.1 10.0 Vehicle Availability, 2009 Average Vehicles Per Hhld 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 0 Vehicles Available 361 4% 305 8% 436 4% 948 5% 1,699 8% 652 10% 2,730 8% 1 Vehicle Available 2,826 29% 1,610 41% 2,807 28% 6,350 35% 8,263 37% 2,533 37% 13,758 41% 2+ Vehicles Available 6,714 68% 2,016 51% 6,867 68% 10,767 60% 12,549 56% 3,596 53% 17,236 51% Source: Demographics Now
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Appendix C Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract Single Percent parent Percent Percent Percent In Percent Households Stress Community and households high school Vacant Current Households with Income Index Census Tract as percent of graduate or Housing Residence with No Less than all families less Units 5+ Years Vehicle Score $20,000 with children Canton Twp. 5632 31% 28% 17% 26% 4% 5% 18 Canton Twp. 5633 36% 37% 17% 27% 4% 7% 20 Canton Twp. 5634 25% 30% 14% 49% 3% 7% 0 Canton Twp. 5635 11% 22% 14% 53% 1% 2% 0 Canton Twp. 5636 18% 23% 14% 44% 1% 1% 2 Canton Twp. 5637 20% 35% 21% 44% 5% 2% 13 Canton Twp. 5638 25% 31% 14% 46% 5% 3% 1 Canton Twp. 5639 17% 33% 15% 33% 3% 2% 7 Canton Twp. 5640 44% 44% 22% 18% 8% 8% 35 Canton Twp. 5641 30% 34% 17% 36% 4% 9% 14 Canton Twp. 5642 25% 36% 16% 37% 14% 15% 24 Canton Twp. 5643 14% 30% 14% 42% 3% 6% 3 Canton Twp. 5644 9% 24% 16% 35% 2% 0% 8 Canton Twp. 5645 22% 35% 18% 16% 3% 5% 18 Canton Twp. 5646 12% 23% 14% 43% 0% 1% 2 Canton Twp. 5647 39% 34% 15% 26% 4% 15% 23 Canton Twp. 5648 18% 29% 15% 39% 1% 2% 4 Canton Twp. 5649 50% 57% 19% 18% 6% 13% 42 Canton Twp. 5650 19% 32% 18% 29% 4% 6% 15 Dearborn 5733 28% 49% 17% 35% 7% 23% 26 Dearborn 5734 25% 53% 18% 26% 21% 22% 40 Dearborn 5735 33% 73% 20% 21% 21% 44% 56 Dearborn 5736 23% 60% 19% 30% 16% 34% 44 Dearborn 5737 22% 49% 17% 36% 10% 20% 27 Dearborn 5738 26% 62% 19% 34% 11% 32% 41 Dearborn 5739 25% 59% 17% 32% 10% 25% 35 Dearborn 5740 31% 60% 19% 33% 18% 31% 46 Dearborn 5741 28% 53% 17% 37% 16% 27% 33 Dearborn 5742 27% 26% 24% 27% 19% 12% 33 Dearborn 5743 28% 41% 34% 36% 6% 15% 27 Dearborn 5744 25% 30% 31% 26% 28% 31% 41 Dearborn 5745 14% 26% 17% 59% 4% 6% 5 Dearborn 5746 21% 30% 15% 58% 5% 4% 0 Dearborn 5747 24% 34% 14% 61% 3% 8% 0 Dearborn 5748 14% 19% 15% 62% 3% 4% 0 Dearborn 5749 25% 39% 20% 35% 11% 19% 30 Dearborn 5750 23% 32% 16% 49% 13% 18% 19 Dearborn 5751 31% 40% 16% 53% 6% 9% 7 Dearborn 5752 31% 45% 15% 55% 5% 8% 5 Dearborn 5753 24% 41% 15% 61% 4% 7% 0 Dearborn 5754 28% 43% 15% 57% 5% 7% 1 Dearborn 5755 24% 43% 18% 62% 5% 8% 8 Dearborn 5756 18% 36% 15% 60% 5% 9% 1 Dearborn Hts. 5715 23% 48% 16% 50% 7% 11% 10 Dearborn Hts. 5716 20% 44% 15% 57% 11% 21% 16 Dearborn Hts. 5717 27% 42% 15% 51% 3% 7% 0
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Appendix C Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract Single Percent parent Percent Percent Percent In Percent Households Stress Community and households high school Vacant Current Households with Income Index Census Tract as percent of graduate or Housing Residence with No Less than all families less Units 5+ Years Vehicle Score $20,000 with children Dearborn Hts. 5718 27% 53% 15% 57% 5% 12% 7 Dearborn Hts. 5719 27% 47% 15% 48% 11% 9% 10 Dearborn Hts. 5720 24% 51% 14% 58% 3% 12% 6 Dearborn Hts. 5721 29% 60% 15% 52% 8% 13% 21 Dearborn Hts. 5722 25% 52% 16% 57% 6% 11% 10 Dearborn Hts. 5724 33% 46% 16% 52% 0% 11% 11 Dearborn Hts. 5725 36% 63% 16% 48% 7% 12% 25 Dearborn Hts. 5726 35% 60% 15% 48% 5% 9% 16 Dearborn Hts. 5727 29% 54% 16% 57% 4% 7% 9 Dearborn Hts. 5728 34% 61% 15% 54% 6% 12% 21 Dearborn Hts. 5729 32% 62% 15% 52% 6% 14% 21 Dearborn Hts. 5730 13% 39% 15% 61% 4% 4% 0 Dearborn Hts. 5731 23% 38% 15% 42% 7% 5% 8 Garden City 5691 26% 60% 14% 60% 3% 10% 9 Garden City 5692 33% 54% 15% 45% 12% 20% 27 Garden City 5693 32% 55% 15% 52% 6% 16% 20 Garden City 5694 31% 54% 15% 52% 6% 10% 11 Garden City 5695 26% 62% 15% 53% 5% 3% 9 Garden City 5696 27% 58% 14% 53% 3% 10% 8 Garden City 5697 27% 52% 15% 53% 4% 7% 3 Garden City 5698 30% 54% 15% 52% 5% 11% 11 Garden City 5699 25% 52% 14% 54% 1% 7% 3 Inkster 5701 44% 39% 17% 24% 8% 15% 32 Inkster 5702 42% 55% 15% 42% 4% 10% 17 Inkster 5704 56% 57% 19% 30% 21% 31% 52 Inkster 5705 60% 58% 20% 30% 17% 25% 51 Inkster 5706 80% 56% 18% 27% 28% 32% 55 Inkster 5708 73% 66% 26% 34% 18% 35% 61 Inkster 5709 61% 57% 19% 49% 11% 21% 39 Inkster 5710 67% 54% 19% 34% 10% 18% 43 Livonia 5561 29% 53% 15% 45% 2% 8% 6 Livonia 5562 26% 48% 15% 34% 14% 25% 26 Livonia 5563 20% 43% 16% 44% 3% 8% 5 Livonia 5564 14% 23% 14% 52% 4% 7% 0 Livonia 5565 12% 41% 15% 36% 10% 23% 22 Livonia 5566 11% 34% 21% 56% 1% 3% 9 Livonia 5567 17% 31% 14% 55% 2% 4% 0 Livonia 5568 15% 31% 24% 60% 1% 5% 11 Livonia 5569 16% 36% 14% 51% 2% 2% 0 Livonia 5570 33% 44% 15% 43% 6% 10% 13 Livonia 5571 28% 43% 15% 45% 8% 9% 7 Livonia 5572 16% 45% 15% 55% 5% 12% 3 Livonia 5573 19% 31% 14% 52% 1% 3% 0 Livonia 5574 14% 25% 14% 63% 0% 4% 0 Livonia 5575 13% 26% 14% 63% 0% 2% 0 Livonia 5576 14% 34% 14% 58% 2% 1% 0
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Appendix C Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract Single Percent parent Percent Percent Percent In Percent Households Stress Community and households high school Vacant Current Households with Income Index Census Tract as percent of graduate or Housing Residence with No Less than all families less Units 5+ Years Vehicle Score $20,000 with children Livonia 5577 18% 40% 14% 63% 2% 5% 0 Livonia 5579 16% 35% 19% 62% 2% 5% 8 Livonia 5580 20% 37% 14% 58% 2% 4% 0 Livonia 5581 17% 46% 15% 57% 8% 7% 5 Livonia 5582 24% 45% 18% 52% 7% 10% 12 Livonia 5583 30% 55% 15% 32% 6% 13% 23 Livonia 5584 21% 40% 15% 49% 3% 5% 0 Livonia 5585 22% 46% 14% 52% 3% 6% 0 Livonia 5586 19% 51% 16% 49% 7% 10% 12 Livonia 5587 22% 28% 14% 59% 4% 10% 1 Livonia 5588 19% 40% 14% 63% 2% 7% 0 Livonia 5589 24% 41% 14% 56% 3% 4% 0 Livonia 5590 26% 44% 14% 56% 2% 5% 0 Livonia 5591 27% 44% 14% 54% 2% 7% 0 Livonia 5592 24% 47% 14% 60% 4% 7% 1 Northville City 5601 19% 29% 17% 32% 6% 12% 17 Northville Twp. 5602 37% 26% 19% 32% 4% 8% 22 Northville Twp. 5603 15% 31% 17% 46% 3% 8% 5 Northville Twp. 5604 15% 25% 17% 46% 4% 4% 6 Northville Twp. 5607 11% 22% 17% 39% 3% 2% 9 Plymouth City 5625 44% 36% 18% 29% 9% 11% 31 Plymouth City 5626 23% 30% 16% 38% 10% 15% 20 Plymouth City 5627 21% 32% 17% 44% 5% 11% 8 Plymouth Twp. 5616 22% 32% 15% 43% 12% 11% 12 Plymouth Twp. 5617 39% 56% 17% 38% 2% 10% 25 Plymouth Twp. 5619 10% 19% 16% 43% 2% 2% 6 Plymouth Twp. 5623 16% 22% 16% 51% 4% 0% 3 Plymouth Twp. 5624 13% 24% 14% 58% 3% 2% 0 Plymouth Twp. 5628 20% 33% 15% 45% 4% 6% 2 Plymouth Twp. 5629 29% 39% 15% 54% 3% 7% 2 Redford 5541 35% 49% 15% 52% 3% 8% 7 Redford 5542 39% 58% 15% 44% 7% 7% 20 Redford 5543 27% 52% 14% 56% 4% 8% 2 Redford 5544 37% 52% 17% 46% 7% 10% 22 Redford 5545 38% 55% 16% 38% 6% 12% 26 Redford 5546 26% 49% 14% 56% 4% 6% 1 Redford 5547 23% 45% 14% 53% 6% 11% 5 Redford 5548 31% 39% 15% 51% 4% 10% 5 Redford 5549 27% 47% 14% 56% 4% 8% 1 Redford 5551 28% 53% 15% 54% 3% 11% 8 Redford 5553 31% 50% 15% 47% 5% 8% 6 Redford 5554 38% 44% 14% 44% 5% 6% 9 Redford 5555 28% 46% 15% 52% 9% 14% 13 Redford 5556 25% 48% 15% 57% 8% 10% 7 Taylor 5830 37% 65% 16% 39% 6% 15% 34 Taylor 5831 40% 70% 17% 46% 3% 17% 30
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Appendix C Figure 31. Stress Index Value by Census Tract Single Percent parent Percent Percent Percent In Percent Households Stress Community and households high school Vacant Current Households with Income Index Census Tract as percent of graduate or Housing Residence with No Less than all families less Units 5+ Years Vehicle Score $20,000 with children Taylor 5832 44% 64% 18% 45% 6% 17% 36 Taylor 5833 30% 64% 14% 54% 7% 14% 21 Taylor 5834 30% 60% 15% 54% 5% 11% 14 Taylor 5835 31% 59% 14% 58% 3% 5% 11 Taylor 5836 27% 60% 15% 57% 5% 10% 10 Taylor 5837 30% 61% 15% 52% 7% 8% 16 Taylor 5838 23% 52% 15% 48% 5% 9% 3 Taylor 5839 49% 57% 16% 39% 10% 16% 35 Taylor 5840 42% 56% 18% 39% 7% 11% 31 Taylor 5841 32% 60% 14% 52% 2% 4% 13 Taylor 5842 47% 59% 16% 32% 7% 16% 35 Taylor 5843 45% 64% 16% 32% 7% 9% 35 Taylor 5844 30% 64% 17% 36% 13% 21% 40 Taylor 5845 43% 59% 25% 36% 4% 14% 37 Taylor 5846 55% 59% 18% 30% 12% 26% 47 Taylor 5847 31% 58% 15% 44% 6% 13% 20 Taylor 5848 78% 64% 22% 14% 20% 37% 63 Wayne 5664 65% 62% 19% 21% 15% 23% 57 Wayne 5665 42% 53% 18% 38% 25% 35% 45 Wayne 5666 27% 39% 15% 44% 5% 8% 2 Wayne 5667 33% 58% 16% 45% 6% 13% 21 Wayne 5668 38% 60% 15% 42% 3% 10% 19 Wayne 5669 46% 63% 16% 47% 7% 14% 32 Westland 5651 48% 56% 15% 38% 8% 16% 32 Westland 5652 30% 40% 16% 22% 13% 12% 27 Westland 5653 57% 42% 17% 24% 15% 18% 42 Westland 5654 46% 44% 20% 18% 12% 14% 41 Westland 5655 37% 50% 15% 28% 2% 4% 16 Westland 5656 21% 45% 14% 48% 1% 5% 0 Westland 5657 20% 39% 14% 38% 2% 8% 4 Westland 5658 30% 55% 17% 40% 8% 7% 22 Westland 5659 29% 53% 15% 42% 12% 10% 18 Westland 5670 48% 62% 18% 39% 9% 13% 40 Westland 5671 44% 53% 16% 40% 8% 17% 32 Westland 5672 31% 52% 15% 45% 6% 12% 12 Westland 5673 29% 44% 15% 51% 3% 6% 2 Westland 5674 20% 50% 14% 47% 6% 12% 8 Westland 5678 34% 56% 17% 36% 10% 15% 36 Westland 5679 31% 57% 15% 47% 4% 9% 10 Westland 5680 32% 47% 15% 38% 10% 20% 24 Westland 5682 25% 56% 14% 46% 3% 5% 6 Westland 5683 43% 56% 23% 34% 8% 20% 44 Westland 5684 29% 52% 17% 45% 3% 8% 10 Westland 5685 56% 68% 19% 25% 11% 22% 54 Westland 5687 30% 52% 14% 39% 4% 6% 9
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Appendix D. Table 1 Figure 36: Locations of Pediatricians & Ob/Gyns in Starfish Communities Subset NUMBER AT STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE THIS ADDRESS 1000 N. Telegraph Dearborn Pediatrician 1 1009 Drexel St. Dearborn Pediatrician 1 10326 W. Warren Dearborn Pediatrician 1 10645 W. Warren Dearborn Pediatrician 1 12813 W. Warren Dearborn Pediatrician 4 14650 W. Warren Dearborn Pediatrician 2 14716 W. Warren Dearborn Pediatrician 1 18101 Oakwood Blvd. Dearborn Pediatrician 15 19401 Hubbard Dr. Dearborn Pediatrician 11 20200 Outer Drive Dearborn Pediatrician 1 2331 Monroe St. Dearborn Pediatrician 4 2355 Monroe St. Dearborn Pediatrician 1 2845 Monroe St. Dearborn Pediatrician 4 3850 Pelham Dearborn Pediatrician 3 4700 Greenfield Rd. Dearborn Pediatrician 2 5050 Schaefer Road. Dearborn Pediatrician 5 5728 Schaefer Rd. Dearborn Pediatrician 1 6450 Maple St. Dearborn Pediatrician 1 6620 Schaefer Rd. Dearborn Pediatrician 1 9720 Dix Dearborn Pediatrician 1 1309 N. Evangeline St. Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 1 20211 Ann Arbor Trail Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 2 22350 Ford Rd. Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 1 25516 Ford Rd. Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 1 25614 Ford Rd. Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 2 27104 Timber Trail Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 1 8550 N. Silvery Lane Dearborn Heights Pediatrician 1 28248 Ford Rd. Garden City Pediatrician 1 29150 Ford R. Garden City Pediatrician 2 30260 Cherry Hill Rd. Garden City Pediatrician 2 577 Inkster Rd. Garden City Pediatrician 1 2500 Hamlin Dr. Inkster Pediatrician 2 271 Cherry Lane Inkster Pediatrician 1 388 Inkster Rd. Inkster Pediatrician 1 24555 Haig St. Taylor Pediatrician 3 25412 Goddard Rd. Taylor Pediatrician 1 8790 Telegraph Rd. Taylor Pediatrician 1 33030 Van Born Rd. Wayne Pediatrician 1 35240 Nankin Blvd. Westland Pediatrician 1 37660 Ford Rd. Westland Pediatrician 2
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Appendix D. Table 1 Figure 36: Locations of Pediatricians & Ob/Gyns in Starfish Communities Subset NUMBER AT STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE THIS ADDRESS 18101 Oakwood Blvd. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 33 19401 Hubbard Dr. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 10 2012 Monroe St. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 2040 Monroe St. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 2100 Monroe St. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 2142 Monroe St. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 2 22074 Michigan Dearborn Ob/Gyn 3 22161 Outer Drive Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 23100 Cherry Hill Road Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 25080 Michigan Dearborn Ob/Gyn 5 5050 Schaefer Road. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 10 5728 Schaefer Rd. Dearborn Ob/Gyn 1 9724 Dix Dearborn Ob/Gyn 2 24346 West Warren Dearborn Heights Ob/Gyn 1 27031 West Warren Dearborn Heights Ob/Gyn 4 6245 Inkster Rd. Garden City Ob/Gyn 9 24555 Haig St. Taylor Ob/Gyn 1 8790 Telegraph Rd. Taylor Ob/Gyn 3 9330 Telegraph Rd. Taylor Ob/Gyn 1 33155 Annapolis St. Wayne Ob/Gyn 2 4020 Venoy Road Wayne Ob/Gyn 1 4811 Venoy Road Wayne Ob/Gyn 2 1651 South Venoy Rd Westland Ob/Gyn 1 2001 S. Merriman Westland Ob/Gyn 1 35000 Ford Rd. Westland Ob/Gyn 2 35300 Nankin Blvd. Westland Ob/Gyn 1 8040 N. Middlebelt Westland Ob/Gyn 1
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Appendix D. Table 2 Figure 37. Locations of Hospitals and Health Clinics, Starfish Communities Subset NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE ACCESS Comm. Health & Research Ctr.6450 Maple St. Dearborn Community Clinic Inkster Teen Health Clinic 3250 Middllebelt Rd. Inkster Community Clinic MI Assoc. of Physicians of Indian Origin 12701 S. Telegraph Rd. Taylor Community Clinic Taylor Teen Health Center 26650 Eureka Rd. Taylor Community Clinic Hope Meidical Clinic Wayne 35080 Chestnut St. Wayne Community Clinic Planned Parenthood 37625 Ann Arbor Road.,Livonia Family Planning Northland Family Planning Center 35000 Ford Road Westland Family Planning Western Wayne Family Health Center 2500 Hamlin Road Inkster FQHC Health Care Western Wayne Family Health Center 26650 Eureka Road Taylor FQHC Health Care Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center 18101 Oakwood Blvd. Dearborn Hospitals Garden City Hospital 6245 N. Inkster Road Garden City Hospitals St. Mary Mercy Livonia Hospital 36475 Five Mile Road Livonia Hospitals Oakwood Heritage Hospital 10000 Telegraph Rd Taylor Hospitals Oakwood Annapolis Hospital 33155 Annapolis Road Wayne Hospitals Oakwood Health Care Center-Westland 2001 South Merriman Westland Hospitals Dearborn Health Center 6450 Maple St. Dearborn Wayne Cty Dept Public Hlth. Dearborn Health Department 16301 Michigan Ave. Dearborn Wayne Cty Dept Public Hlth. Taylor Health Center 26650 Eureka Rd. Taylor Wayne Cty Dept Public Hlth. Western Wayne WIC Center 25350 Ecorse Road Taylor Wayne Cty Dept Public Hlth. Wayne Health Center 33030 Van Born Rd. Wayne Wayne Cty Dept Public Hlth.
Appendix D. Table 3 Figure 38. Locations of Behavioral Health Facilities, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY ACCESS 6451 Schaefer Dearborn Hegira Programs, Inc. 1403 Inkster Inkster Starfish Family Services 18316 Middlebelt Livonia University Physicians Group - Livonia 16836 Newburgh Rd Livonia Lincoln Behavioral Services (ACT) 14500 Sheldon Road Plymouth Lincoln Behavioral Services (C&F Outpatient) 14500 Sheldon Road Plymouth Lincoln Behavioral Services 9315 Telegraph Rd. Redford Lincoln Behavioral Services 9329 Telegraph Rd. Redford Lincoln Behavioral Services (ACT) 24425 Plymouth Rd. Redford Lincoln Behavioral Services (Clubhouses & Drop-In Ctr)24425 Plymouth Rd. Redford Adult Well-Being Services 6700 Middlebelt Romulus Community Care Services 26650 Eureka Taylor Community Living Services 35425 Michigan Ave. West Wayne Hegira Programs, Inc. 33101 Annapolis Wayne Hegira ICR Program Kevdaco - Westland I 1900 Martin Street Westland Hegira Programs 8623 N. Wayne Rd. Westland Lifespan Clinical Services 35300 Nankin Blvd. Westland
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Appendix D. Table 4 Figure 39. Locations of GED classes, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Dearborn Public Schools 17200 West Outer Drive Dearborn Heights Schoolcraft College Garden City Campus 1751 Radcliff St. Garden City Inkster Vocational Center 29193 Beech Street Inkster Starfish Family Services 30000 Hiveley Inkster Westwood Cyber High School 25824 Michigan Avenue Inkster Livonia Public Schools McKinley School 9101 Hillcrest St. Livonia Schoolcraft College Main Campus 18600 Haggerty Rd. Livonia Starkweather Center 550 North Holbrook Street Plymouth The Guidance Center 14614 Duncan Taylor Wayne Westland Schools Tinkham Center 450 South Venoy Westland
Appendix D. Table 5 Figure 40. Locations of Community Colleges, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Schoolcraft CC-Canton High School 8415 N. Canton Rd. Canton Henry Ford Community College-Main Campus 5701 Evergreen, Rd. Dearborn M-Tech @Henry Ford CC 3601 Schaefer Dearborn Henry Ford CC-Dearborn Heights 22586 Ann Arbor Trail Dearborn Heights Schoolcraft CC-Garden City Middle School 1851 Radcliff St. Garden City Schoolcraft CC-Radcliff Center 1751 Radcliff St. Garden City Schoolcraft CC-Medical Center 17940 Farmington Rd. Livonia Schoolcraft Community College 18600 Haggerty Rd. Livonia Wayne County Community College-Downriver 21000 Northline Rd Taylor
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Appendix D. Table 6 Figure 41. Locations of Early Head Start, Head Start, Great Start Readiness Program, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY PROGRAM Inkster Early Head Start 30000 Hiveley Inkster Early Head Start Spectrum Early Head Start 28303 Joy Road Westland Early Head Start
Canton Ford Crossing (Starfish) 5880 Canton Ctr. Rd. Canton Head Start Sheldon (Starfish) 44649 Michigan Ave. Canton Head Start ACCESS (YWCA) 2651 Saulino Court Dearborn Head Start Littlefield Church (YWCA) 7560 Littlefield Dearborn Head Start M & M Day Care Head Start (YWCA) 5273 Kenilworth Dearborn Head Start St. Albert's - (YWCA) 4761 Parker Dearborn Heights Head Start Garden City - Farmington (Wayne County DH&HS) 33411 Marquette Garden City Head Start Lathers Elementary (YWCA) 28351 Marquette Garden City Head Start Gaudior/Inkster (Starfish) 27100 Avondale Inkster Head Start Smith (YWCA) 3605 Walnut Inkster Head Start Starfish Family Services 30000 Hiveley Inkster Head Start YWCA of Western Wayne County 26279 Michigan Ave Inkster Head Start Livonia Baptist (Starfish) 32940 Schoolcraft Rd. Livonia Head Start Beck Children's Center (YWCA) 27100 Bennett Redford Head Start Crestwood - St. John Bosco (Starfish) 12100 Beech Daly Redford Head Start Shear Early Childhood (YWCA) 26141 Schoolcraft Redford Head Start Taylor (Guidance Center) 14616 Duncan Taylor Head Start Full Gospel Baptist Church 34033 Palmer Road Westland Head Start Stottlemyer Early Childhood Center (W-W District 34801 Marquette Westland Head Start
Appendix D. Table 6 Figure 41. Locations of Early Head Start, Head Start, Great Start Readiness Program, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY PROGRAM Plymouth-Canton Comm. Schools 8055 Fleet St. Canton GSRP Advanced Technology Academy 4801 Oakman Blvd. Dearborn GSRP Dearborn City School District Cotter ECC 13020 Osborn Dearborn GSRP The Dearborn Academy 19310 Ford Road Dearborn GSRP U of M Dearborn 18501 Rotunda Dearborn GSRP Dearborn Heights School District #7 4950 Madison Dearborn Heights GSRP Dearborn Heights School District #7 4650 Croissant Dearborn Heights GSRP Riverside Academy 23713 Joy Rd. Dearborn Heights GSRP Star International Academy 24425 Haas Dearborn Heights GSRP Universal Learning Academy 24480 George St. Dearborn Heights GSRP Westwood 25251 Annapolis Dearborn Heights GSRP Garden City School Dist. Lathers Elementary 28351 Marquette Garden City GSRP Discovery Academy 27355 Woodsfield Inkster GSRP Gaudior Academy 27100 Avondale Inkster GSRP Livonia Public Schools Perrinville Early Childhood Ctr. 28201 Lyndon Livonia GSRP Redford Union School District MacGowan 18255 Kinloch Redford GSRP Guidance Center 14616 Duncan Taylor GSRP Taylor School District Johnson Preschool 20701 Wohlfeil Taylor GSRP Wayne-Westland Community Schools 34801 Marquette Westland GSRP
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Appendix D. Table 7 Figure 42. Locations of Workforce Development Orgs, Starfish Communities NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY The Information Center 20500 Eureka Rd. Taylor Goodwill Industries. Employment & Training. 28526 Van Born Rd Westland Dearborn Service Center 6451 Schaefer Dearborn Wayne Service Ctr: Emp. & Training Designs, Inc. 3693 Metro Place Mall Wayne Southeast Michigan Community Alliance 25363 Eureka Rd. Taylor Michigan Works! Service Center 35731 West Michigan Ave. Wayne The Transition Center, Schoolcraft College 18600 Haggerty road Livonia HFCC Michigan Technical Education Center 5101 Evergreen Road Dearborn Services to Enhance Potential 2941 South Gulley Road Dearborn
Appendix D. Table 8 Figure 43. Locations of Parenting and Caregiver Programs, Starfish Communities Subset NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Marriage Resource Center 23400 Michigan Avenue Dearborn Starfish Family Services Early Learning Communities 2651 Saulino Court Dearborn Garden City Family Resource Center 31735 Maplewood Garden City Starfish Family Services ELC, FSP, FRC, PEP 30000 Hiveley Inkster YWCA of Western Wayne County 26279 Michigan Avenue Inkster The Guidance Center 14616 Duncan Taylor Taylor Early Learning Community Hub 8900 Pardee Taylor Wayne Youth Assist. Program (Family Resource Ctr.) 4635 Howe Road Wayne Starfish Family Services Early Learning Comms 28303 Joy Road Westland Westland Youth Assist. Program (Family Resource Ctr.) 36701 Ford Road Westland
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Appendix D. Table 9 Figure 44. Locations of Registered Family Homes, Starfish Communities Subset STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE 20920 Carlysle Dearborn Registered Family Homes 22336 Cleveland Street Dearborn Registered Family Homes 22769 Nowlin Dearborn Registered Family Homes 24920 Wilson Dearborn Registered Family Homes 251 South Franklin Street Dearborn Registered Family Homes 261 S. Franklin Dearborn Registered Family Homes 3160 Detroit Street Dearborn Registered Family Homes 3371 Houston Dearborn Registered Family Homes 3715 Westpoint Dearborn Registered Family Homes 7919 East Morrow Circle Dearborn Registered Family Homes 25630 Stanford Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 25919 Annapolis Street Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 3930 Academy Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 4506 Cornell Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 5754 Belmont Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 6441 Centralia Dearborn Heights Registered Family Homes 1012 Helen St. Garden City Registered Family Homes 28484 Balmoral Garden City Registered Family Homes 29210 Bock Street Garden City Registered Family Homes 29664 Rosslyn Garden City Registered Family Homes 29724 Rosslyn Garden City Registered Family Homes 31034 Rosslyn Garden City Registered Family Homes 32261 Windsor Garden City Registered Family Homes 446 Gilman Garden City Registered Family Homes 6719 Lathers Street Garden City Registered Family Homes 1041 Harrison Inkster Registered Family Homes 1556 Crescent Drive Inkster Registered Family Homes 26452 Lehigh Inkster Registered Family Homes 28172 Rosewood Street Inkster Registered Family Homes 301 Arlington Street Inkster Registered Family Homes 3155 Walnut Inkster Registered Family Homes 3623 Spruce Inkster Registered Family Homes 11310 McKinley Taylor Registered Family Homes 20495 Haskell Street Taylor Registered Family Homes 20733 Lockwood Taylor Registered Family Homes 22149 Brian Taylor Registered Family Homes 23853 Fillmore Taylor Registered Family Homes 9378 Roosevelt Street Taylor Registered Family Homes 9695 Mueller Taylor Registered Family Homes 31670 Taft Wayne Registered Family Homes 35285 Currier Wayne Registered Family Homes 4079 Third Street Wayne Registered Family Homes 5158 Heather Place Wayne Registered Family Homes
105 February 2015
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Appendix D. Table 9 Figure 44. Locations of Registered Family Homes, Starfish Communities Subset STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE 111 Butternut Westland Registered Family Homes 1556 Zorn Street Westland Registered Family Homes 1867 Wilshire Street Westland Registered Family Homes 2012 Golfview Lane Westland Registered Family Homes 28911 Eton Westland Registered Family Homes 29687 Shacket Westland Registered Family Homes 29926 Shacket Street Westland Registered Family Homes 30491 Steinhauer St. Westland Registered Family Homes 30741 Mackenzie Dr. Westland Registered Family Homes 30856 Cooley Blvd Westland Registered Family Homes 31448 Ann Arbor Trail Westland Registered Family Homes 31551 Grandview Westland Registered Family Homes 32314 Glen Westland Registered Family Homes 32858 Comanche Street Westland Registered Family Homes 33346 Hunter Westland Registered Family Homes 34049 Frances Westland Registered Family Homes 34339 Sheridan Westland Registered Family Homes 35947 Avondale Westland Registered Family Homes 36208 Somerset Street Westland Registered Family Homes 36753 Spanish Oak Drive Westland Registered Family Homes 36851 Joy Road Westland Registered Family Homes 383 Ethan Dr Westland Registered Family Homes 452 Summerfield Dr. Westland Registered Family Homes 5788 North Globe Street Westland Registered Family Homes 6730 Moccasin Westland Registered Family Homes 814 Autumn Ridge Dr. Westland Registered Family Homes 8675 Shari Drive Westland Registered Family Homes
106 February 2015
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Appendix D. Table 10 Figure 45. Locations of Licensed Group Homes, Starfish Communities Subset STREET ADDRESS CITY TYPE 2757 Cornell Deaborn Licensed Group Homes 2800 Vassar Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 4109 Calhoun Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 7433 Hartwell Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 7435 Hartwell Street Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 7807 Oakman Blvd Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 101 South Gulley Road Dearborn Licensed Group Homes 8180 Riverdale Dearborn Heights Licensed Group Homes 8315 Virgil Dearborn Heights Licensed Group Homes 31327 Pardo Garden City Licensed Group Homes 961 Radcliff Garden City Licensed Group Homes 2312 Springhill Inkster Licensed Group Homes 29050 York Inkster Licensed Group Homes 29730 Carlysle Street Inkster Licensed Group Homes 29855 Hazelwood Inkster Licensed Group Homes 3542 Burns Inkster Licensed Group Homes 3604 Moore Ave. Inkster Licensed Group Homes 4073 Burton Inkster Licensed Group Homes 10783 William Taylor Licensed Group Homes 22068 Bernard Taylor Licensed Group Homes 1197 Selma Street Westland Licensed Group Homes 1635 Regene Westland Licensed Group Homes 30003 Malvern Westland Licensed Group Homes 36495 Joy Road Westland Licensed Group Homes 36791 Canyon Drive Westland Licensed Group Homes 5861 N. Dowling Westland Licensed Group Homes 815 Linville Westland Licensed Group Homes
107 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Table 11 Figure 47. Locations of Food Pantries and Food Banks, Starfish Communities Subset NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY First Assembly of God 5650 South Telegraph Dearborn Heights Help's on the Way 5358 Beech Daly Rd. Dearborn Heights Salvation Army Corps Community Center 26700 W. Warren Ave. Dearborn Heights Good Hope Evangelical Lutheran Church 28680 Cherry Hill Garden City Saint Dunstan's Church 1526 Belton Garden City Bethlehem Temple of Inkster 26100 Annapolis Inkster Focus Hope Inkster Food Center 759 Inkster Rd. Inkster New Birth 27628 Avondale Inkster Operation Refuge 27741 Carlysle Inkster Senior Luncheon 200 Inkster Inkster Sharon 7th Day Adventist 28537 Cherry St Inkster Wayne County Senior Luncheon 29477 Cherry Hill Inkster St. Clements Episcopal Church 4300 Harrison Inkster City of Taylor Community Connection 26650 Eureka Taylor Faith Christian Center 25535 Ecorse Taylor Gleaners Community Food Bank of SE MI 25670 Northline Rd. Taylor Oakwood SDA Pantry 26300 Goddard Rd. Taylor West Mound United Methodist 22395 Eureka Taylor First United Methodist Church 3 Towne Square St. Wayne Veteran's Outreach Center 4924 Wayne Rd Wayne Christ Temple Apostolic Church 29124 Eton St Westland Homebound Seniors 30712 Michigan Westland Lighthouse Home Mission 34033 Palmer Rd Westland Salvation Army 2300 Venoy Rd. Westland St. James United Methodist 30055 Annapolis Westland
108 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Table 12 Figure 48. Locations of Subsidized Housing, Starfish Communities Subset NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY # OF UNITS Kennedy Plaza 5111 Bingham Dearborn 119 Normandy Apts 24320 Michigan Ave. Dearborn 96 Lapeer Gardens 2880 Mazon & Roulo Dearborn 11 Salina Gardens 2946 Salina Dearborn 22 Ferney Gardens 1200 Ferney Dearborn 11 Dearborn Heights Coop 16600 W. Outer Drive Dearborn Heights 200 Brentwood Apts. 11331 Dexter Blvd. Garden City 40 Garden City Opportunity Manor 6337 Central Garden City 14 Garden City Towers 6120 Middlebelt Garden City 170 Alpha Phi Alpha Carlysle & Henry Ruff Inkster 134 Canterbury West 4401 Harriett Inkster 24 Chateau Cherry Hill 213 Henry Ruff Inkster 192 Cherry Hill 29477 Cherry Hill Inkster 186 Dartmouth Square 26382 Colgate Inkster 138 Hamlin Place 2680 Hamlin Blvd. Inkster 84 Heatherwood Apts 26190 Michigan Ave. Inkster 184 Le Moyne Gardens 30005 Pine Inkster 300 Lois Demby Terraces 4500 Inkster Inkster 200 Parklane Th Cooperative 30021 Liberty Inkster 88 St. Clements Manor 4009 Northland Inkster 40 Thompson Towers 27727 Michigan Ave. Inkster 300 Twin Tower Apts. 2000 Inkster Rd. Inkster 200 Courtyards (aka Woodbrook) 15005 Southland Taylor 274 Georgetown Place Coop 24276 Rosewood Taylor 192 Southland Apartments Ii 15459 Scott Drive Taylor 424 Branford Th Coop 9775 Pine Taylor 370 Courtyards Ph 2 (Woodbrook) 16000 Ira Drive Taylor 124 Maplewood 15270 Plaza S. Drive Taylor 111 Taylor Am. House AKA Southhaven 25259 Eureka Taylor 138 The Commons of Villages of Taylor 26121 Eureka Taylor 134 The Ponds @Villages of Taylor 15111 Pond Village Drive Taylor 20 The Springs at Village of Taylor 15459 Spring Village Drive Taylor 292 Villages At Taylor 15505 Court Village Lane Taylor 134 119 Hickory Hollow Coop II 5757 W. Hickory Hollow Wayne 173 120 Hickory Hollow I Coop 5757 W. Hickory Hollow Wayne 224 Courtyard Apts. 3444 Winifred Wayne 30 Newbery Lofts 35140 Michigan Wayne 12 Wayne Housing 34511 Glenwood Wayne 36 Wayne Housing Scattered Sites Wayne 37 Wayne Towers 35200 Sims Wayne 154 Westwicke Square Coop 4900 Heather Place Wayne 325 London Coop Iv 8090 Whitehall Dr. Westland 277 Greenwood Villa 7600 Nankin Ct. Westland 298 Norris Apartments 31627 Palmer Westland 60 Thomas F. Taylor Towers AKA Cent City 36500 Marquette Westland 266 Westgate Tower 34567 Elmwood Westland 148 Westhaven Manor 34601 Elmwood Ave. Westland 144 Woodbridge Pond 37255 S. Woodbridge Circle Westland 190
109 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Table 13 Figure 49. Civic Recreation Centers, Starfish Service Area Subset NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Dearborn Ice Skating Center (DISC) 14900 Ford Road Dearborn Ford Community and Performing Arts Center 15801 Michigan Avenue Dearborn Canfield Community Center 1801 N. Beech Daly Dearborn Heights Canfield Ice Arena 2100 Kinloch Dearborn Heights Richard Young Recreation Center 5400 McKinley Dearborn Heights Civic Ice Arena in City Park s. of Ford Road, corner of Merrman & Cherry Hill Garden City Maplewood Community Center 31735 Maplewood Garden City Dozier Recreation Center 2025 Middlebelt Road Inkster Taylor Receation Center 22805 Goddard Taylor Taylor Sportsplex 13333 Telegraph Rd Taylor Community Center 4635 Howe Road Wayne Melvin G. Bailey Recreation Center 36651 Ford Road Westland
Appendix D. Table 14 NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Dearborn Mini-Parks Akron Lowery, Alber-Bingham, Arthur Basse, Ash-Raymond, Canterbury. Dearborn Carlysle-Ash, Carlysle-Raymond, Cherry Hill, Columbia, Dearborn High, Dearborn Freda-Blesser, Gary, Martha-Myrtle, Palmer-Jerome, Pine-Linden, Riverdale, Dearborn Rosalie-Hubbard, Tannahill, Wyoming-Gould Dearborn Dearborn Neighborhood Parks Playgrounds, Pool Anthony, Argyle-Williamson, Bennington, Edison, Elmhurst-Schemansky, Oak, Dearborn Owen-Geer, Oxford, Penn-Vassar, Prospect-Woodworth, Summer Stephens, Dearborn Ten Eyck, Whitmore-Bolles Pool, York Dearborn Dearborn Community Parks Civic Center, King Boring Field, Crowley Playfield, Lapeer Field, Ford Field, Dearborn Levagood Playfield, Ford Woods Playfield, Walker Keilb (Porath), Hemlock Playfield Dearborn River Rouge Park 1-7 West Lane Dearborn
Central Park 1800 Kinloch Street Dearborn Heights Daly Park 4450 Westlake Dearborn Heights Heather Lane Park Heather Lane &Brookside/or Grindley Park & HanoverDearborn Heights Kinloch Park Kinloch Street just north of Ford Road Dearborn Heights Lyle C. Van Houten Park 6044 Slivery Lane Dearborn Heights Parkland Park 6500 Parkland Dearborn Heights Swapka Park 5400 McKinley Dearborn Heights Weddel Park 4460 Weddel Dearborn Heights Arcola Park south of Warren between Belton and Arcola StreetsGarden City City Park s. of Ford Road on corner of Merrman and CherryGarden Hill City Florence Park n. of Cherry Hill, east of Middlebelt on Florence StreetGarden City GCYAA - Moeller Field and Multi-Purposenorth Courts of Ford Road, west of Merriman on Moeller GardenSt. City Helen Park n. of Ford Rd., s. of Warren bet. Helen & Deering GardenSts. City Kiwanis Park n. of Ford Road at corner of Maplewood & Henry GardenRuff City
110 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Table 14 NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Rotary Park east of Venoy, west of Merriman on Marquette AvenueGarden City Bel-Air Park Central Avenue & O'Henry Court Inkster Brookside Park Carlysle & Irene Inkster Colonial Park Colonial & Inkster Road Inkster Dartmouth Square Playground Carlysle & Colgate Inkster Demby Park Pine & Hickory Inkster Inkster C.S.O. Basin Inkster Road & River Park Drive Inkster Inkster Park John Daly Between Inkster and N of Michigan Inkster Inkster Valley Golf Course 2150 Middlebelt Road Inkster Kennedy Park Henry Ruff & Grandview Inkster King Memorial Park Carlysle & Andover Inkster LeMoyne Park Middlebelt & Pine Inkster Manor Park Between Helen & Colonial S. of Avondale Inkster Moore Tot Lot Moore North of Carlysle Inkster Parkwood Park Parkwood and Jeffrey Lane Inkster Wellington Park Wellington & Andover Inkster Westwood Park Biltmore & Stollman Inkster Wheatley Park Carlysle & Beech Daly Inkster Boardman Park North of Wick Taylor Haig & Dudley Tot Lot South of Wick, East of Pardee Taylor Heritage Park 12111 Pardee Taylor Heritage Park Petting Farm 12803 Pardee Road Taylor Homestead Park Cornell & Superior Taylor Howard Noble Park Champaign, between Huron and Mayfair Taylor Jaycee Bicentennial Community Park Pinecrest & Merrick Taylor Lange Park Eureka & Northline Taylor Lucinda Burns Park Hipp and Avalon Taylor Memorial Park Behind City Hall on Pine Street Taylor Newcastle & Pardee North of Ecorse Taylor Northwest Park 6000 Duncan Taylor Papp Park Southwest corner of Wick & Westlake Taylor Pheonix Park South of Eureka at The Springs at Village of Taylor Taylor Rotary Park Telegraph, between Goddard &Northline Taylor Vince Caplis Park Wick, East of Pardee Taylor
111 February 2015
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Appendix D. Table 14 NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY Attwood Park Howe Rd. & Attwood Drive Wayne Avondale Park & Walz Quadraplex Hubbard St. & Forest Ave. Wayne Dynamite Park Josephine & Michigan Ave Wayne Goudy Park & Amphitheatre Sims Ave. & Wayne Road Wayne Jaycee Park Annapolis Ave. & Second St Wayne McClaughrey Creek Park Annapolis Ave. & Treadwell Road Wayne Mill Trail Park Second St. & Josephine St Wayne Rotary Park II Chamberlain St. & Stellwagen St Wayne Shafer Park Nyman & Cranmore Wayne Washington Park Elizabeth St. to S Wayne Road Wayne Cayley Park East Grand Traverse east of Everett Westland Cayley Park West Grand Traverse west of Everett Westland Colburn/Senior Friendship Colburn Park Westland Curtis Woods/Kiwanis Park Palmer east of Newburgh Westland Dorsey Park Grand Traverse at Northgate Westland Firefighter's Park Annapolis and Irene Westland Hix Park Warren at Hix Road Westland Holliday Park 7301-7677 Drew Circle Westland Hubbard Park Hubbard at Parkwood Westland Jaycee Park, Westland Sports Arena Hunter at Wildwood Road Westland Merriman Park Merriman Road at Alcona Westland Municipal Golf Course Merriman South of Cherryhill Westland Northgate Park Grand Traverse at Northgate Westland Public Park Wildwood North of Glenwood Westland Rotary Park Florence at Christine Road Westland Samuel J. Corrado Park Gladys at Flamingo Road Westland Stottlemeyer Park Dancy at Paul Westland Tattan Park Tot Lot Carlson and Orr Drive Westland Voss/Civitan Park Henry Ruff at Palmer Road Westland Westland Skate Park Ford Road Behind Bailey Center Westland
112 February 2015