PALEOTEMPESTOLOGY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF CLEAR POND,
SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS
A Thesis
Presented to
The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science
Mark R. Dalman
December, 2009
PALEOTEMPESTOLOGY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF CLEAR POND,
SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS
Mark R. Dalman
Thesis
Approved: Accepted:
______Advisor Dean of the College Lisa E. Park Chand K. Midha
______Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Ira D. Sasowsky George R. Newkome
______Faculty Reader Date John Peck
______Department Chair John P. Szabo
ii ABSTRACT
The field of paleotempestology has gained more awareness in the past decade as a result of increased hurricane intensity, quantity, and duration within the late Holocene.
One of the best localities to find records of hurricane overwash deposits is in the
Bahamian islands. San Salvador Island, Bahamas (SSI) is a small (150km2), isolated carbonate platform, that contains shallow (0.5-3m) saline lakes that occur in between interdune areas of arcuate dune ridges. Due to San Salvador Island’s location within the
Bahamian archipelago and the Atlantic Ocean, the island is poised to record hurricane strikes and the record of these events can be found in coastal lakes. Clear Pond is a shallow (~1m), variably saline (16-30 ppt) lake in the southwestern edge of the island, that is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Holocene dunes. It was a previously uncharacterized pond, but like many other depositional environments on San Salvador, it is constantly recording climatic and anthropogenic changes on the island. This study addresses the following questions: 1) Is there a seasonal salinity variation within the pond and what is the general limnology of the pond, 2) Can we identify large storm events in the sedimentary record of Clear Pond, and 3) What is the depositional history for Clear
Pond for the past 4000 years?
Nine sediment cores, ranging in length from 50 to 150 cm, were recovered from
Clear Pond. The cores were analyzed for organic and carbonate content, dry bulk density,
iii grain size, sediment fabric, and mollusk and ostracode composition. Additionally, x-ray fluorescence, spectrophotometry, and x-radiography were carried out on sediment cores.
Salinity varied from brackish conditions in the summer and fall to more marine during the winter and spring seasons. It was also influenced by a previously uncharacterized karst conduit. Large storm events were identified through an increase in grain size and dry bulk density, and additionally by x-radiographs. A catastrophic hurricane recurrence interval of 478 years and an annual landfall probability of 0.21% were found as well. The record of Clear Pond indicates an average sedimentation rate of
2.3 cm/ 100 years which suggests the record recovered is at least 5200 years old.
These cores record a major climatic shift occurring at 1460 ybp which correlates with the end of a documented Caribbean dryness period. The facies shift is from a sand and mud laminated facies to a recent, massive bioturbated facies. The record documents multiple hurricane strikes from 1600-3400 ybp which supports a hurricane "hyperactivity period" from 1000- 3000 ybp from other areas in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. These large storm events are linked to two large-scale climate mechanisms, the location of the
Bermuda high and the strength of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The ability to characterize and identify past overwash deposits in the Bahamas may be useful in climate reconstruction and landfall probability assessments. These results are the first proxy records for hurricane strikes on the west coast of San Salvador Island.
iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research could not have been conducted nor facilitated if weren't for my advisor Dr. Lisa Park. Her knowledge, patience, and focus were indispensable and steadfast through my Master’s. She provided a venue to understand the geological sciences in a way I never thought possible.
I would like to thank the Department of Geology and Environmental Science at
The University of Akron for internal grants that provided for the transportation and housing to and from my research site in the Bahamas and for ultimately picking "me."
Special thanks to Mr. Tom Quick for his expert technical knowledge and Ms. Elaine
Butcher for her omniscient properties when it came to paperwork that needed to be filled out. I would also like to thank Dr. John Peck for allowing me to not only use but also make a copy of his coring equipment for future students to use. Thanks are also in order to Dr. Joseph Ortiz from Kent State University for allowing me to utilize his lab and equipment. I would also like to thank Dr. Ira Sasowsky for being a part of my thesis committee and helping facilitate my interest in hydrogeology.
I would also like to thank my Paleo-Pirates for their support and help in the field, especially Sara Sipahioglu, Andy Michelson, and honorary member, Melisa Bishop for their help. I would also like to thank Renee Crane at Kent State University. Thanks to the
Gerace Research Centre and Dr. Tom Rothfus for housing and laboratory space at the
v field station along with a 2008 Gerace Research Centre Grant. Thank you to Dr. Fred
Siewers for help in the field and Dr. Tina Neimi for putting "everything" she had into this project. I would also like to thank Unit Director, Mr. Tony Carpenter for excellent X-rays at the Aultman West Hospital. Ultimately, I would like to thank Dr. Hays Cummins at
Miami University for taking a Zoology major under his wing. He let me catch the "bug" they call research beginning with an Undergraduate Summer Scholars award to San
Salvador Island, Bahamas.
Special thanks to my parents, Rick and Melody, for being the cornerstones of my life, standing unwaveringly by my side through thick and thin, for they have given me opportunities I cherish every day. I would like to thank my twin girls, Isabella and
Mackensie, for never letting me forget why I push myself. You both are truly the Sun that fuels my growth. Lastly, I would like to thank my one and only Sara for empathizing with
my research, understanding the trials and tribulations of school work, and encouraging
me to excel in life.
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES...... x
LIST OF FIGURES ...... xi
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1
Geology of the Bahamas and San Salvador Island ...... 4
Hurricanes...... 5
San Salvador Climate...... 11
Lakes on San Salvador Island...... 15
Clear Pond...... 15
Clear Pond Biota Overview ...... 19
Ostracoda in Clear Pond ...... 19
II. METHODS ...... 23
Dune Profiles...... 23
Physical Limnology ...... 23
Piston Coring...... 26
X-radiography...... 26
X-ray fluorescence...... 27
Spectrophotometry...... 27
vii Loss on Ignition ...... 28
Grain Size...... 29
Microfossil Analysis ...... 29
Radiometric Dating...... 30
III. RESULTS ...... 31
Dune Profiles...... 31
Physical Limnology ...... 33
Description of Core Facies...... 37
X-radiography...... 38
X-ray fluorescence...... 44
Spectrophotometry...... 44
Loss on Ignition ...... 45
Grain Size Analyses...... 46
Microfossil Analyses...... 49
Radiometric Dates...... 49
IV. DISCUSSION...... 54
V. CONCLUSIONS...... 64
REFERENCES ...... 66
APPENDICES ...... 72
APPENDIX A. DUNE TRANSECTS...... 73
APPENDIX B. LOSS ON IGNITION...... 76
APPENDIX C. GRAIN SIZE...... 98
APPENDIX D. MICROFOSSILS ...... 122
viii APPENDIX E. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ...... 126
APPENDIX F. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE...... 148
ix LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Modern geochemical data for Clear Pond taken at a lake depth of 68 cm, June 2008 ...... 17
2. Name, transect location, and length of cores extracted from Clear Pond in June, 2008...... 39
3. Radiometric dates and location on cores ...... 52
x LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Enhanced satellite image of the Bahamian archipelago with San Salvador Island shown ...... 2
2. Location map of San Salvador Island and Clear Pond ...... 3
3. Illustration of the four stages of glacioeustatic sea-level change on the development of the Bahamian archipelago...... 6
4. Stratigraphic column for San Salvador Island ...... 7
5. Hurricane (dark bars) and tropical storm (white bars) numbers from 1886 to 1996 for the Atlantic Ocean and their distribution in the Caribbean...... 9
6. Maximum wind speed recorded for hurricanes and tropical depression/ storms that have passed within 111 km (69 mi) of San Salvador Island for the past 154 years...... 10
7. Hypothesized shift in the Bermuda High for the past 6000 years ...... 14
8. Photographs of conduit location at northeastern margin of Clear Pond ...... 21
9. Ostracode salinity tolerances for species found on San Salvador Island, Bahamas prior to this study...... 22
10. Satellite image of Clear Pond indicating locations of dune transects, core locations, and salinity data logger...... 24
11. Location of salinity data logger placed near northeast conduit in Clear Pond ...... 25
12. Dune transect locations and geomorphology of dune bordering Atlantic Ocean ...... 32
13. Lake salinity measured in Clear Pond from June 20, 2008 to March 3, 2009 ...... 34
14. Bathymetric map of Clear Pond overlain onto satellite image ...... 36
xi 15. Photographs of cores in Transect 1 from Clear Pond ...... 40
16. Photographs of cores in Transect 2 from Clear Pond ...... 41
17. Photographs of cores in Transect 3 from Clear Pond ...... 42
18. X-radiographs and core photographs of core BA08CP-6A...... 43
19. Composite analytical data sets from BA08CP-7A/B...... 47
20. Composite analytical data sets from BA08CP-7A/B...... 48
21. ESEM images of abundant microfossils found within cores in Clear Pond...... 51
22. Calibrated age model for cores BA08CP-7A/B extracted from Clear Pond ...... 53
23. Radiocarbon date and overwash deposit locations on cores BA08CP-7A/B within Transect 3...... 58
24. Hurricane hyperactivity period identified in core data from Western Lake, Florida compared to core data from Clear Pond, San Salvador Island...... 60
xii CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
San Salvador Island (SSI), Bahamas is one of seven hundred islands that constitute the Bahamian archipelago stretching across the Tropic of Cancer along the continental margin southeast of Florida (Figure 1). It is a small island (175 km2), located at 24° N latitude and 74° 30’ W longitude, approximately 620 km ESE of Miami, Florida
(Figure 2). San Salvador is best known as the place where Christopher Columbus made landfall in 1492 (Morison and Obregon, 1964). It is also known for having some of the earliest (~700 AD) evidence of human occupation in the Bahamas. These people were known as the Lucayans, who were Arawakan-speaking people who most likely came from South America or Cuba (Berman and Gnivecki, 1995; Berman et al., 1999). Since that time, the island has also been inhabited by several groups of people, most notably the loyalist plantation owners and their slaves in the 18th and 19th centuries and most recently the United States Navy from the early 1940’s to 1970’s. Today, the population of San
Salvador is approximately 1000 people, mostly native Bahamians of Carib descent, and is home to a Club Med resort as well as the Gerace Research Centre which is part of The
College of the Bahamas.
1 N
Figure 1. Enhanced satellite image of the Bahamian archipelago with San Salvador Island shown. Source: Google Earth, 2009 (U.S. Navy, SIO, NOAA, NGA, GEBCO, Europa Technologies, and Tele Atlas images).
2 Storrs Lake
Blue Hole #5
Watling's Blue Hole
Figure 2. Location map of San Salvador Island and Clear Pond. Interior lakes are illustrated in dark gray and fringing reefs by dotted lines. From Robinson and Davis (1999).
3 Geology of the Bahamas and San Salvador Island
The Bahamas are relatively new--geologically speaking. The Bahamian archipelago formed from the initial Mesozoic rifting of North America and Africa that produced the Atlantic Ocean (Dietz et al., 1970; Sealey, 2006). As the crust began to thin, the coalescing of carbonate sediments caused the region to sink under the increasing mass. Shallow water, reef-building organisms kept up with subsidence and the Bahamas were one single marine plain dotted with islands (Meyerhoff and Hatten, 1974; Bosence,
2005).
Approximately 80 million years ago, the Bahamas were tectonically split from
Cuba and Florida, and the troughs and channels that separate Little and Great Bahama
Banks were developed (Sealey, 1994). The Bahama banks are undergoing both depositional progradation and erosional segmentation that have increased surface area in some cases, while submerging or flooding others (Eberli and Ginsberg, 1987; Mullins and Hine, 1989; Sealey, 1994). The upper portion of the islands has approximately 30 to
60 m of exposed carbonate bedrock that was originally formed by shallow water coral or by accretion of eolian dunes (Dietz et al., 1970; Uchupi et al., 1971; Meyerhoff and
Hatten, 1974; Sealey, 1994).
As carbonate accretion occurred during changes in sea level, paleosols developed that mark the erosional unconformities that occurred during sea level low-stands (Carew and Mylroie, 1995). The Wisconsinan age (c. 125,000 ya) still-stand deposits formed during oxygen isotope substage 5e, lasting between 132 to 119 ka (Chen et al., 1991), and are the only exposed remnants above the present Holocene sea level.
4 These still-stand deposits are 6 m higher than present sea level and were dated by
234U/ 230Th radiometric methods from in situ corals (Carew and Mylroie, 1995; Hearty et al., 1997, White et al., 1998). As sea level changed, conditions were created for the development of dissolution features such as flank margin caves, which have been used to corroborate sea level still and high-stands within the islands (Mylroie and Carew, 1990;
Carew and Mylroie, 1995) (Figure 3). The overall tectonic stability of the Bahamas, and in particular, San Salvador Island, makes the island more sensitive to sea level changes through time.
The more recent Holocene deposits in the Bahamas consist almost exclusively of eolianites whose bedding planes can be found below modern sea level (Carew and
Mylroie, 1995). These Holocene-aged eolianites are on top of a thin terra rossa paleosol horizon that marks the unconformity between the North Point Member of the Holocene
Rice Bay Formation and Pleistocene oolitic subtidal sands of the Cockburn Town
Member of the Grotto Beach Formation (Figure 4).
Hurricanes
Hurricanes are intense tropical cyclones that develop between 30° N and S latitude, where most solar insolation is localized. The word hurricane comes from the
Central American Taino language, meaning “God of Evil” (Eichler, 1996). Prevalent within the tropics, the occurrence of hurricanes and tropical storms plays a significant role in Caribbean and Central American resident’s lives, negatively impacting people and industry.
5
Figure 3. Illustration of the four stages of glacioeustatic sea-level change on the development of the Bahamian archipelago. A. Low-stand phase: ~85% of the Quaternary has been at this stage with sea level < 10 m below present and terra rossa paleosols developing. B. Transgressive phase: sea level rising to ~ 10 m above modern sea level and inundating the platform surface with transgressive eolianites being deposited. C. Still-stand phase: sea level reaches maximum and coral reefs develop influencing sediment deposition. D. Regressive phase: sea level falls below platform top depositing regressive eolianites and reworking previous subtidal deposits. (Carew and Mylroie, 1995).
6
Figure 4. Stratigraphic column for San Salvador Island. Rice Bay Formation includes a transgressive and still-stand stage predominantly peloidal and bioclastic in composition. Grotto Beach Formation has transgressive and complex arrangements of still-stand and regressive oolitic facies overlain by a paleosol. (Carew and Myrloie, 1995).
7 Hurricane development shows surprising variation. Out of the approximately 80
hurricanes that develop each year, 13% occur in the North Atlantic with 80% of that occurring in the Caribbean, usually during August through October (Lugo, 2000) (Figure
5). With increasing sea surface temperatures (SST) due to climatic change, there has been a predicted increase in the intensity and duration of hurricanes in the coming years
(Emmanuel, 2005; Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007).
A hurricane forms when Corriolis winds act on a low pressure system that forms
over warm ocean waters. Maintenance of hurricane winds is controlled by sustained low
vertical wind shear (Dunn and Miller, 1960). Hurricanes are typically defined using the
Saphir-Simpson 1-5 index scale. The weakest hurricane is considered a category 1 and
has wind speeds between 74-95 miles per hour. The strongest hurricanes are classified as
category 5 and have wind speeds exceeding 150 mph.
Due to San Salvador’s unique position in the northern Atlantic ocean, it is prone
to large storm events (Niemi et al., 2008; Sipahioglu, 2008; Park et al., 2009) (Figure 6).
A hurricane has hit the island on average every 4.3 years between 1851 and 2008, with 19
recorded from 1944 until 2008 (Dijken, 2006). The first week of September is the peak of
hurricane activity with an average of 1 storm occurring every 15.8 years (Shaklee, 1996;
Dijken, 2006). More than 15 hurricanes have passed directly over San Salvador Island
and these past storm events have directly influenced the formation of lakes on San
Salvador Island because they breached dunes and also closed off embayments.
8 Year
Figure 5. Hurricane (dark bars) and tropical storm (white bars) numbers from 1886 to 1996 for the Atlantic Ocean and their distribution in the Caribbean. Number of Hurricane occurrences and tropical storms over the Caribbean region. Isolines indicate areas with equal frequencies of storm events between 1871 and 1986 (Neumann et al., 1987; modified from Lugo, 2000).
9
Figure 6. Maximum wind speed recorded for hurricanes and tropical depression/storms that have passed within 111 km (69 mi) of San Salvador Island for the past 154 years. Each colored line represents the differentiation from one hurricane category to the next. The bottom green line indicates a category one (CAT 1) with top red line indicating category five (CAT 5) hurricane. Below bottom green line indicates sub-hurricane winds. Data are from http://stormcarib.com/climatology/.
10 San Salvador Climate
Climatologically, the Bahamas is positioned in between the tropical and temperate
zones, and is often referred to as being subtropical with the influence of the ocean,
resulting in a maritime climate (Sealey, 1994). The climate is relatively stable, ranging
from 4° to 35° C and with relatively high humidity. This is due to its position within the
path of the northeast tradewinds and being surrounded by water (Sealey, 1994; Shaklee,
1996).
Rainfall is highly uneven both spatially and temporally within the Bahamian
archipelago, with most precipitation occurring during storm events throughout the
summer and fall (Sealey, 1994; Shaklee, 1996; Gamble et al., 2008). San Salvador’s rainy
season is from June to December, with October being its rainiest month. For an island
this small, San Salvador has a lot of spatial variability of rainfall (Gamble et al., 2008).
However, some researchers have assumed that, due to the lack of orographic barriers and
the short residence life of density-separated air masses, there is little to no climatic
variability on an island as flat and small as San Salvador (Sealey, 1994; Shaklee, 1996).
From 1951 to 1970, average annual rainfall for Cockburn Town, San Salvador
was 82.8 cm with 91 rainy days per year (Sealey, 1994). More recently, during the period
between 2001-2003, total annual rainfall ranged from 90.2 to 121.0 cm and average rainy
day magnitude was about 1.0 cm, with storm duration lasting longer than an hour and a
half. More rainy days were linked to non-tropical systems (103) as compared to tropical systems (36) with over half the year having no clearly distinguishable cause for the weather system (Gamble et al., 2008).
11 The maritime climate of the Bahamas has not been consistent throughout the
Holocene. Donnelly and Woodruff (2007) have indicated that the North Atlantic ocean
has had intense hurricane activity for the past 5,000 years based on data from sediment
cores recovered from a Caribbean lagoon. Their records showed that hurricane activity
varied over hundreds to thousands of years, which has been attributed to modulations in
the ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation) and the strength of the West African monsoon.
Although others have advocated otherwise, this suggests that increased SST (sea surface
temperatures) in the Atlantic are not the only component necessary to support increased
frequency of intense hurricanes (Emmanuel, 2005). Fewer and less strong ENSO events
have also been found to correlate with less vertical wind shear over the North Atlantic, which corresponds with more hurricane activity during La Niña years (Donnelly and
Woodruff, 2007). The West African monsoon provides convectively favorable African easterly waves that move into the North Atlantic, providing conditions for intense storm activities (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007).
Mayewski and others (2004) have concluded that the Holocene has seen several
climate changes as recorded in the literature. These are identified as RCC’s (rapid climate
changes) which occur when "cool poles and warm, dry tropics" are observed.
Notable RCC’s for this study are during the following time intervals: 6000-5000,
4200-3800, 3500-2500, and 1200-1000 ybp (Mayewski et al., 2004). In the Caribbean,
intense hurricane activity was recorded in Puerto Rico during: 4400 to 3600, 2500 to
1000, and 1000 to 250 ybp (Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007). These intense hurricane
activity periods may be visible in the sediments from San Salvador lakes.
12 San Salvador’s climate has also been highly influenced by the clockwise-rotating
Bermuda High (Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone) (Liu and Fearn, 2000). As the
Bermuda High strengthens and stabilizes, moist, fast-moving air converges on the west side of the High, leading to unstable atmospheric conditions (Knowles, 2004). As the high pressure cell grows, hurricanes follow a trajectory along the eastern coast of North
America. However, the Bermuda High and hurricane trajectories have not been consistent through time (Liu and Fearn, 2000).
Liu and Fearn (1993, 2000) concluded that during the 3,400 to 1,000 ybp hurricane “hyperactivity” period, the Bermuda High was shifted southwest of its current location along with the jetstream at 3,000 ybp, by glacial cooling that began around 6000
ybp (Figure 7). This data correlates with the proposed formation of Clear Pond and
provides crucial evidence for future studies on the effects of expected global climate
change and testing the movement of the Bermuda High.
The movement of the Bermuda High would cause large storm events to be
directed into the Gulf of Mexico during 1000 BC to 1000 AD, whereas during the last
millennium, the High would shift to its present location and fewer hurricanes would be
predicted in the Gulf and more along the Atlantic coast of North America (Knowles,
2004) (Figure 7). This anti-phase record of hurricane activity is also observed by Scott et al. (2003) in core sediments from South Carolina.
13 Bermuda High corresponding to present and 6000 ybp
Bermuda High corresponding to 1000 and 3000 ybp
N
Figure 7. Hypothesized shift in the Bermuda High for the past 6000 years. (modified from Knowles, 2004). Note yellow line indicates areas affected corresponding to upward proposed Bermuda High location; green line represents areas affected during the downward shift of the Bermuda High (Liu and Fearn, 2000).
14 Lakes on San Salvador Island
The geomorphology of San Salvador Island consists of a variety of lithified arcuate dune ridges, as well as karst-related features such as sinkholes, caves and dissolution pits—all of which contribute to the formation of lake basins on the island. As
such, lakes on the island are of all shapes and sizes and have varying salinities. Dune
development is directly related to sea level changes and while some karst processes are
related to sea level lowstands, they can and do occur continuously (Carew et al., 1984,
Carew and Mylorie, 1995; and Teeter, 1995) (Figure 3). Lakes on San Salvador have varied significantly both in the modern and in the past with respect to their size and geochemistry (Trubee, 2002; Park and Trubee, 2008).
Because San Salvador has so many lakes of varying origins and characteristics, it is an important natural laboratory for studying lake sediment records (Titus, 1984; Hearty and Kindler, 1993). Of the many types of lakes on San Salvador, some of the most important are the coastal lakes such as Storr’s Lake, Salt Pond, and Clear Pond, which formed as cutoff lagoons or tidal creeks similar to modern Pigeon Creek. These lakes play a crucial role in buffering the island from large storm events and therefore also play
an important role in recording these storm events through time (Nutt, 1985; Zabielski,
1991; Cronin, 1994; Sipahioglu, 2008).
Clear Pond
Clear Pond is a cutoff lagoon located approximately 3 km northeast of Sandy
Point and 2.5 km north of French Bay, along the western coast of San Salvador. It is
separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a 50 m wide dune to the west, and a crushed-
15 carbonate rock road that borders the pond to the east. The pond is northeast-southwest
trending with low woody vegetation covering the western dune and some larger Auspine
trees throughout. The western dune has dense, woody vegetation bordering the pond to
the north and east with a past pond highstand marsh deposit to the south. Clear Pond has
an approximate surface area of 2.2 km2 with a maximum recorded depth of 0.98 m in
June, 2008. It is a fish filled, oligotrophic pond (Table 1) with little to no suspended
particles and dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg/ L in June, 2008 (A. Michelson, Personal
Communication).
An extensive literature search was conducted for any research performed in Clear
Pond. Only one undergraduate honors project (Hodges, unpublished), a Masters Thesis
(Bunt, 2001), and one publication (Turner et al. 2008) were identified. The Master’s
thesis and publication focused on the local fauna of pupfish morphotypes mtDNA,
comparing Osprey Lake, Crescent Pond, Clear Pond, Watling’s Blue Hole, and Little
Lake to determine the effects of reproductive isolation and genetic divergence in a young
“species flock” of Cyprinodon sp. (Bunt, 2001). Turner and others (2008) further
assessed these pupfish morphotypes using microsatellite evidence. The unpublished
undergraduate project extracted one core from two locations in San Salvador Island
(Clear Pond and Unnamed Pond) to assess the depositional history using microcrustaceans (Ostracoda). The author found that the paleoassemblage of Clear Pond
reflected an open marine shelf environment progressing to a more restricted, closed
environment in the modern. However, no geologically published data has been found regarding Clear Pond.
16 Table 1. Modern geochemical data for Clear Pond taken at a lake depth of 68 cm, June 2008. (23.97319 N Latitude, 74.547714 W Longitude) (A. Michelson, unpublished).
Sampled Value Sampled Value Lake area 2.2 km² Total Fe 0.054 mg/ L Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5.8 mg/ L Mn 0.020 mg/ L Conductivity 50.2 mS/ cm Na 10 290 mg/ L Salinity 33.1 ppt K 505.6 mg/ L Water temperature 34.8° C Ca 365.7 mg/ L pH 7.8 Mg 1 261 mg/ L Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 25.2 g/ L Sr 14.3 mg/ L Alkalinity 274.4 mg/ L Cl 17 660 mg/ L Nitrate 13.29 mg/ L Sulfate 2 470 mg/ L
17 At the northeast-central region of Clear Pond, a karst conduit is present that has a
man-made carbonate rock wall directly adjoining the southern opening of the conduit
prograding due east into the high (> 2m) woody vegetation (Figure 8). Dissolution
features such as blue holes, banana holes, and lake conduits/drains are not uncommon in
karst topography (Carew and Mylroie, 1995). Consequently, because of its connection,
lake levels fluctuate daily with the rise and fall of tides with a distinct lag time from local
high and low tide. The tidal range on San Salvador Island is approximately 2 m. The lake conduit has a bed of gastropods that forms a tidal delta deposit, free of lacustrine muds and sediments in front of the conduit opening in a west-east direction that parallels a rock wall that extends 8 m into Clear Pond. The lack of mud-sized deposits in this area is directly related to the discharge velocity of water coming in and out of Clear Pond.
Past research has indicated that unimpeded (though with diminished tidal lag) conduit connections result in normal marine conditions; however, salinity on these lakes is often a function of precipitation (Sipahioglu, 2008). When comparing Storr’s Lake,
Clear Pond, Blue Hole #5, and Watling's Blue Hole, they all have varying degrees of secondary dissolution features that connect to a marine or meteoric source (Figure 2). The more marine to brackish pond (23- 30 ppt) is Blue Hole #5 (Trubee, 2002) with the western and southern localities, Clear Pond (this study) and Watlings Blue Hole (Crotty,
1982) having brackish water (20- 25 ppt) and Storr’s lake having an average salinity of
62 ppt (McNeese, 1988; Zabielski, 1991; Mann and Nelson, 1989; Trubee, 2002;
Sipahioglu, 2008). Predominantly, lakes on the eastern side of the island show higher salinity, whereas those lakes on the western side of the island show lower, more marine, conditions. An exception is a tidal creek, Pigeon Creek (Nutt, 1985), on the southeastern
18 portion of the island. This spatial disparity of salinities may be due to precipitation
patterns on the island.
Clear Pond Biota Overview
Clear Pond’s modern salinity (~20- 30 ppt) leaves interesting questions about its
past. With the presence of pupfish (Bunt, 2001; Turner et al. 2008), gastropods,
ostracodes (Hodges, unpublished; this study), algae, and multiple individual observations
of a four-foot barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), questions remain if this environment
was always brackish or if changes in salinity have occurred throughout its depositional
history. The surrounding ocean reached its current sea level during the late Holocene
(~3,000 ybp) with many of the lakes beginning to fill in or become restricted around mid-
Holocene (~6,000 ybp) (Turner et al. 2008). Therefore, sediments in lakes on San
Salvador will have recorded primarily Holocene deposition; and species invasions of
Clear Pond will have occurred within the past 6,000 years.
Ostracoda in Clear Pond
Ostracodes, bivalved microcrustaceans, are one of the most diverse organisms
studied within micropaleontology and are used as proxy indicators for climate and environmental change (Teeter, 1985; Reed, 1996). They have been found in varied and stable saline settings in almost every environment, including areas where it is ephemerally wet (Ito et al. 2003). Ranging in size from 0.5- 2.0 mm, ostracodes have become increasingly important geochemical proxy indicators of paleoenvironments because their low- magnesium calcite carapaces are able to preserve the signal of the
19 original water chemistry within the sedimentological record of a lake (Teeter, 1985;
Trubee, 2002; Park and Trubee, 2008). This is primarily because ostracodes secrete their adult shells in relative equilibrium with the surrounding host-waters (Trubee, 2002).
Thus, measuring the changes in a species’ Mg/Ca or Sr/Ca content over time can yield a record of salinity and temperature changes of the water body (Teeter and Quick, 1990;
Trubee, 2002; Park and Trubee, 2008).
With approximately sixty known ostracode species on San Salvador Island, these species can be assigned to four groups of salinities (fresh, brackish, marine, and hypersaline) with several having extremely wide salinity tolerances (Teeter and Quick,
1990; Park and Beltz, 1998; Trubee, 2002; Park and Trubee, 2008) (Figure 9). Because of the relationship between ostracode species and water chemistry, ostracode distribution and lake water chemistry have a positive correlation, albeit weak (Trubee, 2002). This correlation is important in reconstructing paleosalinity and paleoenvironments on San
Salvador Island.
20 A
B
Figure 8. Photographs of conduit location at northeastern margin of Clear Pond. Note man-made wall that extends both into (A) and out (B) of water. Photo taken June, 2008.
21
Figure 9. Ostracode salinity tolerances for species found on San Salvador Island, Bahamas prior to this study. Dashed line indicates the number of lakes in which the species was found; black bars indicate the salinity tolerance of ostracode species. Red lines indicate addition of Clear Pond’s species to the number of lakes that ostracodes were found in. (Park and Trubee, 2008).
22 CHAPTER II
METHODS
Dune Profiles The western dune separating Clear Pond from the Atlantic Ocean was mapped and profiled using a modified Emery method (Emery, 1961) to characterize geomorphologic constraints that influence overwash deposits into the basin. The modification was using a bubble level to sight the elevation change instead of using the horizon. Profile start and stop locations were marked by global positioning system (GPS) coordinates with the start point at the Clear Pond shoreline. Time and date of the profile measurement was recorded with the profile referenced to morning low tide for the day.
One dune transect was recorded for each corresponding coring transect (Figure 10). All data from each transect can be found in Appendix A.
Physical Limnology
In order to characterize modern salinity changes within the lake and effects of a karst conduits connection on the lake’s geochemistry, a data logger was installed in June,
2008 (Figure 10). The unit was a 12-bit pic powered microprocessor designed by Hobart and William Smith Colleges. This unit was placed approximately 13 m from the conduit opening at a water depth of approximately 50 cm with the measuring probe at ~20 cm above lake bottom (Figure 11). The logger was set to measure salinity every 30 minutes.
23
9 N
1 1B 3B
8 4
6A 7A 5 6B 7B
150 m
Figure 10. Satellite image of Clear Pond indicating location of dune transects, core locations, and salinity data logger. Transect 1, 2 and 3 are located at the top, middle, and bottom of the figure, respectively. Core numbers parallel core locations and are indicated in white boxes. Cores 6A/ 6B and 7A/ 7B are consecutive cores of the same core location. Source: Google Earth, 2009 (U.S. Navy, SIO, NOAA, NGA, GEBCO, Europa Technologies, and Tele Atlas images).
24
Figure 11. Location of salinity data logger placed near northeast conduit in Clear Pond. Note that rope with float attached indicates location (See bottom picture). The salinity data logger was not exposed to air during sampling period.
25 Piston Coring
A total of nine piston cores were recovered during June, 2008 from locations
throughout Clear Pond using a custom-built Livingstone piston corer (Figure 10). All
cores were extracted using 2 inch (5.1cm) diameter black ABS piping. Core barrels were
pre-split and taped and cut to four-foot (123 cm) lengths.
In June, 2008, three cores were extracted from the basin from Transect 1, two
cores from Transect 2, three cores from Transect 3, and one core was extracted from the
northern end of Clear Pond, to obtain not only temporal but spatial sedimentological
variation within the basin (Figure 10). In addition, bathymetric readings were take
alongside the coring transects. Parallel to coring transects 1 and 2; surface sediment
samples were taken every 30 m for modern faunal assemblage studies. Cores and
sediment samples were transported to The University of Akron for analysis and storage.
Cores were split, after which digital pictures were taken and the cores were
described for their lithology, color, and bedding characteristics. After these initial
descriptions other analyses such as loss-on ignition, grain size, and microfossil analyses were performed. X-radiography, X-ray fluorescence, and spectrophotometry were also carried out on extracted cores.
X-radiography
X-radiographs are a quick, non-destructive way to obtain semi-quantitative data.
Cores were taken to Aultman West Hospital in Massillon, OH to be X-rayed at 50 KeV/
450 mAs to reveal internal structures and changes in sediment density (Bentley et al.,
2002). X-ray settings corresponded to those of an abdomen x-ray. Cores were placed four
26 across on an x-ray plate with metal stick pins placed every five centimeters for reference.
X-ray plates were 43 cm across by 76 cm long. The sheet X-radiographs were digitally
scanned at 600 DPI (dots per inch) and digitally merged via Adobe Photoshop™
software.
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence is a quick, unobtrusive, semi-quantitative way to measure
chemical composition in split sediment cores. Cores were taken to the Kent State
University Geology Department, where they were sampled at four cm intervals under the
supervision of Dr. Joe Ortiz. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were taken using
an INNOV-X Alpha series handheld scanner and sampled for 29 elements (P, S, Cl, K,
Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, Yb, Hg,
Pb, and U).
For reliable results, the samples must be homogenous, dry, and have a smooth surface. Unfortunately, mud and sand-sized sediment cores do not follow the first two assumptions. In order to obtain the third condition, a very thin Mylar sheet was placed over the freshly split core to improve the uneven split core surface.
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is an unobtrusive, semi-quantitative technique that analyzes
the visual infrared spectrum in the 450-900 nm wavelength, in addition to five more
inclusive channels labeled L*, a*, b*, C*, and h. Cores were analyzed at Kent State
University Geology Department using a Minolta CM-2600d/2500d spectrophotometer
27 under the supervision of Dr. Joe Ortiz. Cores were wrapped in Saran Wrap™ to minimize reflection and absorption of the xenon bulb flash.
Channel C* measures the chroma of the surface sampled and channel h measures the hue of the sample. Channel L* measures the luminosity (black/ white color space) of light reflected off the surface and correlates well with the color of carbonate sand
(Sipahioglu, 2008). Spectrophotometry, gamma-ray, and color loggers all produce data based on a combination of sediment properties. This data is relative to the lithologies tested and inherent heterogeneity in samples must be accounted for. Both channels, a* and b*, measure respective red/green and blue/yellow color spaces of the sample surface.
The red (positive)/ green (negative) color measure of a* can be used as a proxy for oxidation (Kokaly et al., 2007; Sellito et al., 2007; Ben- Dor et al., 2008; Sipahioglu,
2008), with the blue (negative)/ yellow (positive) color measure used as a proxy for sulfides and possibly for indication of reducing environments (Ortiz et al., 2003).
Ultimately, these data can help to correlate core data across transects with the potential to identify anthropogenic signals, but the technique of spectrophotometry has a limited event layer resolution that is constrained by the measuring device.
Loss on Ignition
Loss on ignition (LOI) was used as a proxy for the presence of allochthonous sediments displacing autochthonous lacustrine sediments. Sandy units corresponding with overwash layers displace both water and organic content and therefore have an increase in carbonate content. These layers would also show an increase in dry bulk density as a result. Sampling was done at 1 cm intervals for the length of the core using a
28 custom 1cc metal microcoring device with each sample placed in its own crucible. The crucible was placed into a 105° C drying oven for a period of 24 hours and weighed before and after to determine wet and dry bulk density and water content (Boyle, 2001).
The samples were then placed into a furnace at 550° C for a period of four hours to remove the organic content. Samples were reweighed and then heated a final time at
1000° C for four hours to determine the carbonate content.
Grain Size
One centimeter intervals were sampled from cores BA08CP-6A and 6B, 7A and
7B, and 8 and then analyzed on a Malvern Masstersizer 2000 laser diffractometer.
Sediment was freeze-thawed twice to help separate the sediments and then the sediment was added to deionized water and sieved to 2 mm. Obscuration was between 10 to 20%.
Two readings were taken for each interval and then an average reading was used for data analysis. Grain size was used as a proxy to identify similar sized allochthonous sediments from the dune complex that are transported to the lake basin by large storm events. Cores
BA08CP-6A/ 6B, 7A/ 7B, and 8 were the only cores sampled due to their position in the basin and their high possibility of recording past overwash deposits.
Microfossil Analysis
Macro and micro- marine fossils in terrestrial sediments are useful indicators of hurricane deposition and also allow interpretation of paleoenvironment and salinity
(Teeter, 1985; Parsons, 1998; Trubee, 2002; Sedgwick and Davis, 2003; Park and
Trubee, 2008). One cubic centimeter of sediment was taken from each centimeter interval
29 and processed using established freeze-thaw methods and then sieved at 125 microns
(Forester, 1990). Each interval was examined under an Olympus HSZ10 binocular stereoscope for the presence of ostracodes, mollusks (bivalves and gastropods), and
foraminifera and then placed on micropaleo slides for further quantification.
Radiometric Dating
Organic, woody material and organic sediments were removed from two cores and sent to Beta Analytical Labs for Analysis. Two AMS carbon dates were determined on core BA08CP-7A and one on core BA08CP-7B. Core BA08CP-7A was sampled at 20 and 49.5 cm for pieces of organic woody material. BA98CP-7B was sampled at a depth of 79 cm for organic sediments. The AMS radiocarbon dates were then calibrated using
CalPAL online (www.calpal-online.de) which converts radiocarbon dates to calendar calibrated years.
30 CHAPTER III
RESULTS
Dune Profiles
Three dune profiles were measured in June, 2008 and referenced to the Clear
Pond shoreline (Figure 12) (Appendix A). The northern transect (Transect 1) consisted of an eolianite carbonate bedrock cliff with little to no beachface exposed. The cliff face was approximately two meters tall with a low-sloping dune, consisting of carbonate rocks and sand distal to the cliff face. Some rafted debris was observed on the dune crest. Scrub vegetation was present for eight meters landward of the dune crest on the lee side of the profile. Woody vegetation was observed for the next ten meters, with the last two meters containing red and white mangroves at the pond's edge.
The second dune profile (Transect 2) was measured 50 meters north of a washover fan. The second transect had a sandy beach face with bedrock blocks present on the beachface, rising 1.17 m over a distance of seven meters. The dune crest was covered in scrub vegetation followed by woody vegetation similar to Transect 1; however, this transect’s woody vegetation was documented two meters closer to the dune crest with much higher (> 2 m), woody vegetation present.
Transect 3 was depositionally different from the other two transects. It was started approximately 50 meters southwest of the overwash fan.
31
Figure 12. Dune transect locations and geomorphology of dune bordering Atlantic Ocean. Graphs are referenced to the Clear Pond western shoreface. All measurements are in meters. 5:1 vertical exaggeration.
32 This transect had a storm beach slope exposed with some carbonate bedrock present below the water line. Beyond the dune crest, low scrub vegetation was observed along with unconsolidated sands. The dune complex is composed of unconsolidated carbonate sand that continues farther south along the coastline beyond the southern extent of Clear
Pond. No cores or trenches were taken through the dune. Transect 3's end point at the
Atlantic Ocean was 80 cm below transect 1 and 2 and is concluded as error and not tidal influence. Dune profile measurements were referenced to June 9th, 2008 at 7:30am.
The southern portion of the dune is composed primarily of loose carbonate sand, whereas dune transect one and two have a distinct bedrock core with unconsolidated
sands on top. Transect three also has past overwash fans that have been colonized with
short grass that have added to the back-barrier flat. The third transect had a standing dead
palm tree (10 cm in diameter) near the edge of the lake. Low, woody vegetation occurs at
the shoreline and there is a higher concentration of sand compared to transect 1 and 2.
Physical Limnology
Clear Pond is an oligotrophic lake with water temperature not varying more than
4.1° C (29.5- 33.6° C). The conductivity varied only 2.2 mS (49.3- 51.5 mS) during the sample period (June, 2008). Lake salinity was recorded via a data logger, over a nine month period (June, 2008 to March, 2009) near the lake conduit. The data indicate that
Clear Pond is a brackish lake during the wet, summer months and becomes increasingly more saline and variable during the dry, winter months (Figure 13).
33 Wet Season Dry Season 28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0 Spring tide Salinity (PPT) 18.0 Neap Tide
16.0
14.0
7/1/08 9/1/08 11/1/08 1/1/09 3/1/09 Date
Figure 13. Lake salinity measured in Clear Pond from June 20, 2008 to March 3, 2009. Measurements were taken every 30 minutes. Blue line indicates spring and neap tide cycles for Clear Pond (Source: NOAA). Bottom: Plot of salinity data from Reckley Hill Pond on the northernmost part of the island from 6/20/03 to 3/4/04 for comparison.
34 The data logger recorded salinity that was relatively stable at about 18.5 ppt from
June to August 31st, with a dramatic increase in salinity of 5 ppt on September 1st from
an average of 18.5 to 23.5 ppt over three days. After this initial peak, salinity dropped to
19 ppt and then peaked again at October 31 at 26 ppt. From November to January 16,
salinity averaged 24 ppt with increasing variability towards the end of January. Markedly
variable increases in salinity are seen from mid-January to March at bi-weekly
periodicities with increasing variability from February 14 to March 1. This variability
closely resembles biweekly and weekly tide cycles and not daily tidal influences. Further
work, including spectral analyses of the Clear Pond salinity record and cross spectral
analyses of the Clear Pond and nearby tidal height records, are needed to support the
spring/neap tidal interpretation. Spring and neap tides cycles for SSI are plotted on top of
salinity (Figure 13).
Bathymetry measurements were conducted during coring transects and recorded
as a distance from water level to lake bottom. In addition to these transects across the
lake, a northern and southern location was also measured. The depth of Clear Pond is
relatively uniform throughout its entirety; with gentle sloping sediments to a depth of
0.98 m in the south-central region of the pond closest to the past overwash deposit
(Figure 14). Ultimately, close to 75% of the pond’s depth was between 25 and 80 cm.
The bathymetry was steepest closest to the slipface of the overwash fan and near the lake
conduit’s delta. At the southern end of the pond, a previous high-stand marsh
environment was present which was capable of increasing nutrient and particulate
loading, surface area, and lake volume. This area was not included in lake surface area
measurements, and evaporites were found on the surface.
35
Figure 14. Bathymetric map of Clear Pond overlain onto satellite image. Note large overwash fan at central portion with minimal vegetation present. Blue circle designates location of conduit and red dashed line indicates area of dune breach and corresponding overwash.
36 Description of Core Facies
A total of eleven cores were extracted from Clear Pond (Figure 10, Table 2).
Cores BA08CP-6A/ 6B and BA08CP-7A/ 7B were consecutive cores from the same
location with BA08CP-9 as a single core extracted from just north of transect 1. Physical
examination of the cores in Clear Pond reveals similar facies across all the cores. All of
Clear Pond’s cores were sandy (~50- 70% sand) in composition (Figures 15-17). Cores
from transect 1, 2, and 3 reveal a highly bioturbated, medium brown to buff upper layer
ranging from 15 to 30 cm thick, with lower layers that are light tan to light gray in color,
and older sediments with laminated layers of both mud and sand (Figures 15- 17).
Further investigation of cores closer to the west dune have distinctly more sandy layers as
compared to distal locations. Core BA08CP-8 has several sandy layers below a depth of
28 cm due to its proximity to the slipface of an overwash fan (Figure 16). Little to no
identifiable organic carbon was present in all of the cores. Core BA08CP-7A/ 7B was
further examined and determined to be representative of Clear Pond and the basin as it
had the most resolved stratigraphy (Figure 17).
Core BA08CP-7A/ 7B- has a bioturbated massive unit from 0 to 30 cm.
Laminated mud-sized sediments were present throughout the core at 30-41, 42-49, 50-52,
55-57, 59-64, 65-71, and 72-74 cm. Sharp contacts with sandy layers deposited between
41-42, 49-50, a 2.5 cm thick event layer at 52 cm to 54.5 cm, 58-59, and 64-65 cm
indicating rapid deposition.
The lower part of the core (BA08CP-7B) is predominantly light tan to brown mud-sized sediments. Sandy layers were observed at 75-76, 77-78, and 83-84 cm. A
37 mixed shell and sand layer was found at 85-91 cm. Light buff to gray sediments are
observed from the lower contact at 92 cm to the bottom of core BA08CP-7B.
Within the cores, there was tapering of the sand layers, with mollusk shells
included within some of these units. The thickest sand layer was 3 cm and is located in
core BA08CP-6A which was closest to the large-scale (~30 m across) overwash deposit.
Cores taken proximal to the dune have higher total concentration of sand when compared
to areas more distal. Sharp contacts are observed between sandy layers. No evaporites or algal mats were found in any of the cores examined.
X-radiography
Qualitative X-radiographs of each core were taken for all eleven cores. X-rays
reveal distinct density differences between sand, mud, and bioturbated layers (Figure 18).
Sand deposits appear as primarily white bands in the core with mud deposits
predominantly as black bands due to the less dense, mud-sized particles. Bioturbated
layers were identified as highly mixed units on the magnitude of one to several
centimeters that gave a mottled white and black appearance with no distinct layering
present and with no sharp contacts.
Within cores BA08CP-7A and 7B, X-radiographs indicate an upper bioturbated
unit from 0 to 30 cm with increasing sand and mud dominated layers present to the
bottom sediments in core BA08CP-7B. Cores examined from Clear Pond show
increasingly less sandy event layers towards the bottom of core BA08CP-7B as observed
in X-radiographs.
38 Table 2. Name, transect location, and length of cores extracted from Clear Pond in June, 2008.
Name Transect Location Length (cm) BA08CP-1 Transect 1 71 BA08CP-1B Transect 1 70 BA08CP-3B Transect 1 74 BA08CP-4 Transect 2 64 BA08CP-5 Transect 3 75 BA08CP-6A Transect 3 70 BA08CP-6B Transect 3 65 BA08CP-7A Transect 3 74 BA08CP-7B Transect 3 49 BA08CP-8 Transect 2 51 BA08CP-9 Northern core location 50
39
BA08CP-1 BA08CP-1B BA08CP-3B 20 m 35 m 50 m
Figure 15. Photographs of cores in Transect 1 from Clear Pond. Measurements listed at bottom of each core are distances from the western shore of Clear Pond. Dashed lines represent visual correlation between similar bed in three cores.
40 BA08CP-8 35 m
BA08CP-4 60 m
Figure 16. Photographs of cores in Transect 2 from Clear Pond. Measurements listed at bottom of each core are distances from the western shore of Clear Pond. Dashed lines represent visual correlation between similar bed in two cores.
41 BA08CP-5 100 m
Top: BA08CP-7A and Bottom: BA08CP-7B 60 m
Top: BA08CP-6A and Bottom: BA08CP-6B 30 m
Figure 17. Photographs of cores in Transect 3 from Clear Pond. Measurements listed at bottom of each core are distances from the western shore of Clear Pond. Red triangles mark fusion of consecutive top and bottom of cores in that coring location. Dashed lines represent visual correlation between similar bed in three cores.
42
A
B
C
Figure 18. X-radiographs and core photographs of core BA08CP-6A. A. Bioturbated facies B. laminated carbonate mud. C. Loose carbonate sand layers surrounded by less dense mud layers. Scale in centimeters.
43 X-ray fluorescence
Elements present in the sediments play crucial roles in provenance studies as well as in understanding the appearance of humans and their influences on land. In addition to these signals, information on biochemical and geochemical processes such as diagenesis, decomposition, or productivity can be interpreted. A total of nine of the twenty-nine elemental concentrations were chosen and identified in cores recovered from Clear Pond.
Within BA08CP-7A and 7B, eight (calcium, strontium, tin, nickel, copper, cadmium,
phosphorous, and lead) of nine elements co-varied through the core, with only iron
having a distinctly different pattern (Figure 19). The eight elements show distinct peaks at 31, 41, 65, and 89 cm, with a broad, peaked increase observed from 0 to 30 cm and centered at 15 cm. These eight elemental concentrations recorded an increase in concentration throughout the entire length of the core (Figure 19). Iron concentration was
uniform from 0 to 36 cm, with a decrease in concentration at 41 cm. An increase in
concentration was observed at 45, 85, and 105 cm. An overall decrease in iron
concentration was observed in the core from the oldest to the youngest sediments (Figure
19).
Spectrophotometry
Luminosity, L*, is positively correlated with sandy event layers and can be a
measure of overwash events, as L* is a direct measure of color (Sipahioglu, 2008).
Unfortunately, sample size resolution limited the signal strength. Both a* and b* have
been utilized as indicators of biological conditions (Sipahioglu, 2008), however, the
44 dominant sandy substrate has apparently influenced signal strength as both a* and b*
seem to have recorded a high degree of noise and are not well resolved (Figure 19).
Down core, as L* increased, a* was inversely related, indicating non-oxidative
conditions. Additionally, through the entire length of BA08CP-7A and 7B, a* was
increasingly less positive, indicating a more reducing environment. L* was found to
increase downcore which may be a function of lithology color. For Core BA08CP-7A
and 7B, b* was found to be negligibly influenced by mud, sand, or bioturbated facies
with a weak positive relationship with a* and DBD. Inherent voids in unconsolidated
carbonate mud and sand sediments may have played a role in correct detection of a* and
b* biological signals.
Loss on Ignition
Dry bulk density, organic, and carbonate content were measured on all cores.
Data from BA08CP-7A and B indicate that mud dominated facies contain high organic
concentrations and water content, whereas sand and shell-dominated areas contain high
concentrations of carbonate with relative decreases in organic and water content (Figure
20). This statement holds true with the exception of interbeded layers where carbonate,
organic, and dry bulk density signals become less prominent.
Cores extracted from Clear Pond record the presence of overwash events in
between the laminated mud sediments. Major overwash events are indicated by increases
in the dry bulk density and carbonate content and a decrease in water content and organic
matter as demonstrated by Park et al. (2009). The LOI for cores BA08CP-7A and 7B
show a constant concentration from 0 to 40 cm with four distinct inverse relationships
45 between organic matter and carbonate content at 40 to 44, 64, 68 to 73, and 94 to 98 cm.
From 98 cm to the bottom of the core, LOI becomes constant again. The LOI data did not consistently document changes in sediment composition which may be a result of sampling resolution or heterogeneity in samples. All data are in Appendix B.
Grain Size Analyses
Grain size measurements have been widely used to identify fine, medium, and coarse-grained sand from mud-sized particles for paleotempestological studies (Liu and
Fearn, 1993; Park et al. 2008; 2009). Additionally, grain size data have been documented to help provide provenance of allochthonous sediments deposited in a back barrier lagoon or lake (Liu and Fearn, 1993, 2000; Hart, 2003, Knowles, 2004; Park et al. 2008;
Sipahioglu, 2008).
All grain size measurements were performed at 1 cm intervals (Figure 20) and data are in Appendix C. Previous data has demonstrated that dune sediments are well- sorted, sub-angular fine to medium-grained sand on San Salvador Island (Park et al.
2008; 2009). Sand overwash deposits record a distinct peak at 300 microns. When percent sand is plotted against depth, data is similar to LOI (Sipahioglu, 2008; Park et al,
2009). Throughout the basin, proximal cores to the dune separating Clear Pond from the
Atlantic Ocean, record higher percentages of fine to coarse sand. Cores extracted from
Clear Pond record very sandy (~50-70% sand) core lithology with overwash events correlating with grain size and dry bulk density. However, grain size measurements only assess sorting and identifying overwash may be influenced by composition, as it is not directly examined via this method.
46 green(-) color space and b* ud and sand-dominated facies. ud and sand-dominated vely). XRF values are in PPM (parts (L*, a*, and b*) XRF elements luminosity, a* is red(+)/ m bioturbated facies to m m bioturbated line indicates the change fro cadmium, iron, phosphorous, and lead, respecti ts from BA08CP-7A/B. Spectrophotometry ts from BA08CP-7A/B. Figure 19. Composite analytical data se (calcium, strontium, tin, nickel, copper, per million). Spectrophotometry is graphed as % reflectance where L* space. Dashed is blue(-)/ yellow(+) color Orange dashed line indicates sandy layers.
47 r content (plotted as % as (plotted r content ed as % of total mollusks and rons), loss on ignition (dashed red line (dashed loss on ignition rons), to mud and sand dominated facies. Orange dashed line odes), mollusks and forams (plott carbonate content), dr y bulk density, and wate nge from bioturbated facies n size (sand-size particles- 63 to 2000 mic 63 to 2000 (sand-size particles- n size lid blue line indicates , (plotted as percent total ostrac total percent as , (plotted total mass). Dashed line indicates the cha the Dashed line indicates mass). total indicates sandy layers. indicates organic matter (OM); so forams, respectively) in addition to grai forams, respectively) Ostracodes C. americana, H. setipunctata, P. bicelliforma, D. sets from BA08CP-7A/B. Figure 20. Composite analytical data multicarnata inopinata, R.
48 Microfossil Analyses
Ostracodes, mollusks, and forams have been used widely as proxy indicators for paleo- and modern environments to infer salinity, pH, productivity, and water depth
(Crotty, 1982; Teeter and Quick, 1990; Reed, 1996). Microfossils found in Clear Pond live in brackish to normal marine conditions (Figure 21).
Ostracode species are present throughout core BA08CP-7A and 7B (Figure 20).
The middle to bottom portion of the core was dominated by euryhaline species, Cyprideis americana and Perissocytheridea bicelliforma and the upper portion dominated by the increased presence of Hemicyprideis setipunctata and Dolerocypria inopinata which may due to more stable brackish salinity within the lake.
Mollusks are restricted to the upper 10 cm of the core along with punctuated observations down the core. An increase in mollusk abundance towards the bottom of the core begins at 80 cm. R. multicarnata had similiar distribution to that of mollusks.
Further down core and back in time, the presence of forams occur with high abundances below a depth of 70 cm indicating marine salinity.
Radiometric Dates
Core BA08CP-7A, which was taken in the lower central region of Clear Pond, yielded two radiocarbon dates (Table 3 and Figure 22). The uppermost date in core
BA08CP-7A was 1,250 +/- 40 ybp (cal. 762 +/- 61 yrs AD) from an organic sediment layer at 20 cm. The bottom date in core BA08CP-7A was taken at a depth of 49 cm and yielded a date of 1,850 +/- 40 ybp (cal. 159 +/- 51 yrs AD) from organic material. The
49 bottom most radiocarbon date was taken 79 cm downcore from the surface in BA08CP-
7B on woody material and yielded a date of 3,350 +/- 40 ybp (cal. 1,632 +/- 59 yrs BC).
An average sedimentation rate for the upper 20 centimeters was 1.7 cm/ 100 years. The average sedimentation rate for the middle 29.5 centimeters was 4.9 cm/ 100 years with the bottom 30 cm bracketed area of the core yielding a sedimentation rate of
2.5 cm/ 100 years (Figure 22). The overall sedimentation rate for the entire core was 2.3 cm/ 100 years.
50
A B
C D
E F
Figure 21. ESEM images of abundant microfossils found within cores in Clear Pond. A. H. setipunctata; B. C. americana; C. P. bicelliforma; D. D. inopinata, E. foram; F. gastropod.
51 Table 3. Radiometric dates and location on cores. Depth in parentheses indicates depth in individual core from top. Dates calibrated using www.calpal-online.de.
Core Name Depth (cm) Radiocarbon Age Calendar Year
BA08CP-7A 20 1250 ± 40 ybp 762 ± 61 AD BA08CP-7A 49.5 1850 ±40 ybp 159 ± 51 AD BA08CP-7B 79 (12) 3350 ± 40 ybp 1632 ± 59 BC
52 1250 ± 40 ybp
1850 ± 40 ybp
3350 ± 40 ybp
Figure 22. Calibrated age model for cores BA08CP-7A/B extracted from Clear Pond. Red dashed line indicates average sedimentation rate for entire core. Dotted lines on each side indicate 99% confidence interval for carbon dates recorded plotted through -59 ybp. Gray solid line indicates average sedimentation rates between carbon dates sampled. Dates are calibrated using Cal Pal (www.calpal-online.de).
53 CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
Long-term, high resolution lake sediment records can document climatological, biological, and geological change. These records can be used to reconstruct salinity, pH, water depth, sedimentation, precipitation, as well as flora and fauna changes through time. The patterns of environmental change and their effect on related ecosystems over the past 4,000 years have been recorded in Clear Pond and can be used to discern larger patterns of change within the Caribbean and North Atlantic Ocean.
The geomorphology of Clear Pond indicates that it was once open to the Atlantic
Ocean and was slowly closed off by longshore transport from the southwest. The northern dune profiles reveal lithified carbonate bedrock in the core, whereas the southern transect shows unlithified sands within the dune. The dune has been breached before by large storm events and sediment deposits were transported into the back barrier flat in an east-northeast direction.
Clear Pond is shallow, with the entire pond well within the photic zone. The bathymetry is, however, interrupted by two features. The first is a large scale overwash fan deposit that breached the dune and carried sand 50 m into the pond. This deposit has been colonized by scrub vegetation, and based on the vegetation observed, the overwash deposit is at least 3 to 5 years old. The second feature is a karst conduit which has a
54 deltaic deposit of mollusk shells bordering a historic rock wall that extends out into the pond. The dissolution feature is an ebb and flow spring though further conduit characterization is needed. The conduit discharge both into and out of Clear Pond has scoured the surface in front of the conduit and left a bed of gastropoda that has no fine grain mud present. The gastropod shells built up the morphology of the basin here. Both of these features are abrupt bathymetric changes within the overall basin morphology.
Clear Pond is shallow and has low nutrient load giving it its clear quality. Its water chemistry was found to be near marine salinity at the time of June 2008 sampling.
However, the pond recorded brackish salinities during the summer to fall months with the winter to spring months more marine as recorded by the salinity data logger. The accuracy of our data was verified as not being attributed to data logger drift through observation of other salinity data from a northern pond on San Salvador Island, Reckley
Hill Pond (RHP) (Figure 13). The RHP salinity data was almost six years old and showed the same phenomenon around the same time to that of Clear Pond. This indicates that precipitation and conduit discharge play influential roles on the overall salinity of these coastal lakes on San Salvador Island.
A karst conduit found in the northeast-central part of Clear Pond was examined to determine its effect on the pond’s salinity. It was found to have different effects during dry versus wet seasons (Figure 13). Having distinct changes in discharge, the lake conduit showed surprisingly little effect on the overall salinity of Clear Pond during the summer to fall months considered as the "wet season" with increasing salinity variability during the winter to spring months, known as the "dry season." The relative stability in salinity (18-21 ppt) during the wet season may be a result of meteoric precipitation
55 maintaining the overall brackish salinity of the lake (Figure 13). As the storm season ends
and the climate becomes drier, there is less input of freshwater from precipitation and the
conduits’ influence is not only from daily tides but also spring and neap tidal cycles,
which is not observed during the wet season. However, further cross-spectral analyses are
needed to corroborate tidal influence.
Therefore, since salinity ranges from 16 to 30 ppt and varies between the wet and
dry season, measurements in this pond should be done with caution. Additionally, the
identification of a previously unknown karst conduit may have implications on the
salinity variation both throughout the year and in the future and may influence
paleosalinity reconstruction in Clear Pond. The pond also has been influenced by the
regional climate through large storm events.
The presence of large storm deposits has been documented throughout the
Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico and from the east side of San Salvador Island but
never before from Clear Pond. Because Clear Pond has no rivers or any other way to
bring sediment into the lake other than through a large storm, allochthonous sediments
found in the cores should be from the dune complex. The karst conduit was not observed
bringing sediments into Clear Pond. These storm deposits were found in cores of Clear
Pond.
There were three distinct facies observed throughout the cores extracted from
Clear Pond (Figure 18). The sandy facies was associated with hurricane deposits. The identification of hurricane deposits was based on the increase in dry bulk density and grain size, x-radiography, and the sandy composition of the material. Additionally, spectrophotometry and XRF, correlated overwash deposits with increased luminosity and
56 an overall increase in elemental concentrations (Figure 19 and 20). The increase in elemental concentrations from large storm events may be the result of depositing dissolved elements from marine water or from soil erosion and vegetation changes in the surrounding catchment. The transfer of detritus and vegetation into Clear Pond from the surrounding dune is through storm surge uprooting the organic matter and subsequently depositing into the lake.
This study is the first to document that coastal lakes on the western side of San
Salvador Island have recorded overwash deposits (Figure 23). The record obtained from
Clear Pond extends back at least 3350 ybp based on AMS radiocarbon dates.
Extrapolating a linear sedimentation rate of 2.3 cm/ 100 years, the radiocarbon dates suggest a depositional history that might extend back to 5200 ybp based on the length of core recovered. If this were true, it would support past research that suggested that most of the exterior lakes were beginning to form within the last 6000 ybp (Bunt, 2001; Turner et al. 2008). Clear Pond was most likely a lagoon before it got cut off from the ocean around 3400 ybp. Therefore, species invasion and colonization within this pond would have been well within the last 6000 ybp when lakes would have become restricted
(Turner et al., 2008).
Hurricanes have been recorded in lake sediments and have shed light on hurricane activity in the Caribbean. Seven overwash layers were identified throughout core
BA08CP-7A/ 7B, over the last 3350 years (Figure 23), providing an annual landfall probability of 0.21%, or a catastrophic hurricane return period of 478 years.
57 Depth (cm)
Figure 23. Radiocarbon date and overwash deposit locations on cores BA08CP-7A/B within Transect 3. Core picture and x-radiography images are shown in the middle. Radiometric dates are on left with calendar calibrated dates in parentheses. An abbreviated list of historical events for San Salvador Island and the Bahamas is listed on the far right. Orange arrows indicate overwash deposits. Scale is in centimeters. LIA and MWP are abbreviated for Little Ice Age and Medieval Warming Period, which occurred at 1650- 1850 and 800- 1300 AD, respectively.
58 Lakes on the eastern side of the island have recorded a return period for CAT 4 or 5
hurricanes every 233 years (Sipahioglu, 2008). San Salvador Island has had six CAT 4 or
5 hurricanes within the last 157 years. The inconsistency between the two reoccurrence
intervals may be a result of Clear Pond being on the leeward side of the island, whereas
Storr's Lake is on the windward side of the island which would not be protected from the initial hurricane storm surge. Other areas in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean show return periods of 300 years or annual probabilities of 0.33% (Liu and Fearn, 2000). The increased presence of hurricanes, such as Hurricane Floyd (1999) and Frances (2004), on
San Salvador during the recent century may indicate that another hurricane hyperactivity period may be starting as a result of global climate change. The sedimentological record of Clear Pond supports the previously documented hurricane hyperactivity period
(1000—3400 ybp) in the Gulf of Mexico (Liu and Fearn, 1993; 2000) (Figure 24). Within the sedimentological record of Clear Pond, distinct changes in the lithology and microfauna assemblage were observed.
The depositional history of Clear Pond documents a major shift in environment that corresponds to approximately 540 AD (1460 ybp) (Figure 22). This shift is from a laminated mud and sand dominated facies in the bottom of the core to a more recent massive bioturbated unit. This time period also corresponds to the end of a documented dry period within the Caribbean. The massively bedded upper core unit does not record any overwash deposits and may be indicative of the environment teeming with infauna that increases sediment mixing.
59
Dates 1250 ± 40 ybp 3250 ± 40 ybp Radiocarbon
DBD (g/cc) BA08CP-7A/7B urbated massive unit. DBD is dry earn, 2000). Brown dashed line from Western Lake, Florida
dor Island. Dashed red lines indicate sandy event
data (modified from Liu and F data (modified from Liu nd mud laminated facies to a biot
bulk density. compared to core data from Clear Pond, San Salva layers corresponding to core proxy sand a shift from facies indicates Figure 24. Hurricane hyperactivity period identified in core data Figure 24. Hurricane hyperactivity period
60 This change in facies is also correlated with an increased presence of D. inopinata and H. setipunctata, a decreased presence of C. americana, along with a broad peak in elemental concentrations at 15 cm which corresponds to 1100 AD (900 ybp). The increased presence of elemental concentrations around 1100 AD is around the time pine pollen abundance began to increase along with an increased presence of charcoal that is indicative of slash and burn processes (Berman and Pearsall, 2000). This period has been widely debated as the time when the Lucayans colonized SSI (Berman and Gnivecki,
1995; Berman et al. 1999, Berman and Pearsall, 2000). Additionally, this time period coincides with the drought-related collapse of the Mayan civilization during a rapid climate change (RCC) event that lasted from 1200-1000 ybp.
The facies change around 540 AD may result from a change to a more stable marine to brackish environment, from an otherwise saline environment, that allowed for a larger diversity and abundance of epi- and infauna species to thrive. The upper massive facies can be interpreted as a high energy environment with sand and mud sized sediments mixed together, but with no distinct bedding or infaunal features. The lack of overwash event layers within this unit and a more massive bioturbated muddy sand may
be a result of being at the most distal end of an overwash fan as described by Sedgwick
and Davis (2003). They noted that there is an absence in bedding associated with an
overwash fan at the most distal end. However, because cores both more proximal and
distal to the dune in transect 3 record this same bioturbated facies, this unit is not a
function of the overwash fan but rather the microfauna present in the lake.
From the bottom of the core at 5200 ybp, the presence of mollusks and forams
indicate a period of open but restricted connection to marine waters up to 3350 ybp,
61 which is 70 cm down core. Clear Pond was, however, not an open shelf at this time, as sea level only reached its current height approximately 3000 ybp and the sediment cores have recorded low energy, fine-grained mud during this period as well. These conditions became fresh enough at times to record the presence of P. bicelliforma but were dominated by C. americana and R. multicarnata at the most distal end of the core, indicating a more marine setting during the oldest stratigraphic sediments. The older stratigraphic units were found to have an overall less oxidative signature as recorded by spectral reflectance but, most importantly, the inherent heterogeneity of cores taken from
Clear Pond along with the machine resolution, does not provide a resolved account of oxidation and reduction within these cores as others have found (Sipahioglu, 2008). The
result observed in Clear Pond is attributed to the resolution and inherent errors in sampling a non-homogenous, flat, and non-dry sample.
The lower sand and mud dominated facies that occur from the bottom of the core
to 30 cm down core, record distinct quiescent periods as indicated by mud sized particles
and high organic matter, punctuated by sandy layers between 1640 `ybp and 3350 ybp.
These deposits are composed of sand-sized particles that are correlated with increased dry
bulk density and are similar in sorting, grain size, and composition to sand observed from
the dune (Sipahioglu, 2008). These sandy layers are deposited under high energy
conditions as they are laid down in a stratified context as suggested by x-radiography. All
seven of the punctuated overwash event layers correlate significantly well with a
hurricane hyperactivity period (1000- 3400 ybp) proposed by past research (Liu and
Fearn, 1993; 2000) in addition to other research on San Salvador (Sipahioglu, 2008; Park
et al. 2009).
62 The youngest sediments (top 8 cm) in Clear Pond were deposited during the historical events of Columbus' landing, both Colonial periods, and presence of the US
Navy. Few proxies change within this time period except for the increased presence of R. multicarnata and gastropods which indicate a diverse salinity at this time.
The resultant proxy data, along with AMS radiocarbon dates, have successfully explained the depositional history of Clear Pond. Clear Pond was less restricted and more marine during 3300 to 5200 ybp as apparent through microfossil presence and then progressively became more restricted during the most recent 1000 ybp, as evident by D.
inopinata and P. bicelliforma, whose presence indicates brackish conditions. Clear Pond,
also records a hurricane hyperactivity period from 1600-3400 ybp that correlates well
with Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico records (Figure 23).
Due to the close proximity of Clear Pond to a well known archaeological site,
Three Dog (Berman and Pearsall, 2000), and its subsequent brackish to marine water
conditions along with a man-made rock wall from the early colonial period, this study
will help to provide a geological context in which to examine the nature of human
colonization of San Salvador Island and the entire Bahamian archipelago. The rock walls
present at Clear Pond may have served as a holding area for live food such as fish,
mollusk, and turtles similarly to Watling’s Blue Hole (Berman and Pearsall, 2000),
though no evidence was found in this preliminary survey of Clear Pond.
63 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS
1. The modern water geochemistry of Clear Pond resembles that of marine, and
seasonally varies from a brackish, uninfluenced salinity during the summer to fall,
becoming increasingly more variable and saline during the winter and spring. The
lake salinity is influenced by seasonal changes in precipitation and may be
influenced by a previously uncharacterized karst conduit.
2. The microfaunal change and the southern transect of the dune separating Clear
Pond from the Atlantic Ocean indicate that the closure of Clear Pond occurred
around 3350 ybp and was more than likely from longshore transport of sediments,
based on the geomorphology of the dune ridge separating the pond from the
ocean.
3. This study provides the first documented observation of paleo-overwash on the
western coast of San Salvador Island and was identified in Clear Pond by an
increase in dry bulk density, grain size, luminosity, and by X-radiography.
4. Hurricane overwash deposits in Clear Pond stratigraphically date to 1600-3400
ybp and support a previously documented hurricane "hyperactivity period" from
1000 to 3400 ybp.
64 5. The sedimentological record of Clear Pond records a facies shift in environment
that corresponds to 1460 ybp (540 AD) from a sand and mud-dominated facies to
a massive bioturbated muddy sand unit which corresponds to the end of a
documented dryness period in the Caribbean.
6. Based on an average, linear sedimentation rate of 2.3 cm/ 100 yrs, the sediments
recovered from Clear Pond were deposited within the past 5200 years.
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71
APPENDICES
72 APPENDIX A
DUNE TRANSECTS
Transect 1. June 2008 START 2651103N 546035E; END 2651133N 545922E
Cumulative Cumulative Elevation Elevation Cum. Elev. Cum. Elev. Distance Distance Distance Distance change change change change (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) Comment 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 BBF 200 2.00 200 2.00 51 0.51 51 0.51 200 2.00 400 4.00 24 0.24 75 0.75 200 2.00 600 6.00 23 0.23 98 0.98 200 2.00 800 8.00 27 0.27 125 1.25 200 2.00 1000 10.00 41 0.41 166 1.66 200 2.00 1200 12.00 46 0.46 212 2.12 200 2.00 1400 14.00 42 0.42 254 2.54 200 2.00 1600 16.00 36 0.36 290 2.90 200 2.00 1800 18.00 38 0.38 328 3.28 200 2.00 2000 20.00 39 0.39 367 3.67 200 2.00 2200 22.00 -20 -0.20 347 3.47 Dune crest 200 2.00 2400 24.00 -24 -0.24 323 3.23 200 2.00 2600 26.00 -18 -0.18 305 3.05 200 2.00 2800 28.00 -14 -0.14 291 2.91 200 2.00 3000 30.00 -26 -0.26 265 2.65 200 2.00 3200 32.00 -26 -0.26 239 2.39 200 2.00 3400 34.00 -26 -0.26 213 2.13 200 2.00 3600 36.00 -128 -1.28 85 0.85 0 0.00 3672 36.72 -10 -0.10 75 0.75 72 0.72 3672 36.72 -70 -0.70 5 0.05 118 1.18 3790 37.90 -2 -0.02 3 0.03 200 2.00 3990 39.90 -32 -0.32 -29 -0.29 200 2.00 4190 41.90 -50 -0.50 -79 -0.79 200 2.00 4390 43.90 -35 -0.35 -114 -1.14 Ocean
73 Transect 2. June 2008 START 2650671N 545753E; END 2650702N 545697E
Cum. Cum. Cumulative Cumulative Elevation Elevation Elev. Elev. Distance Distance Distance Distance change change change change (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) Comment 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 BBF 200 2.00 200 2.00 20 0.20 20 0.20 200 2.00 400 4.00 21 0.21 41 0.41 200 2.00 600 6.00 28 0.28 69 0.69 200 2.00 800 8.00 31 0.31 100 1.00 200 2.00 1000 10.00 44 0.44 144 1.44 200 2.00 1200 12.00 31 0.31 175 1.75 200 2.00 1400 14.00 30 0.30 205 2.05 200 2.00 1600 16.00 31 0.31 236 2.36 200 2.00 1800 18.00 35 0.35 271 2.71 200 2.00 2000 20.00 46 0.46 317 3.17 200 2.00 2200 22.00 51 0.51 368 3.68 200 2.00 2400 24.00 52 0.52 420 4.20 200 2.00 2600 26.00 47 0.47 467 4.67 200 2.00 2800 28.00 52 0.52 519 5.19 200 2.00 3000 30.00 78 0.78 597 5.97 Dune crest 200 2.00 3200 32.00 -20 -0.20 577 5.77 200 2.00 3400 34.00 -44 -0.44 533 5.33 200 2.00 3600 36.00 -62 -0.62 471 4.71 200 2.00 3800 38.00 -56 -0.56 415 4.15 200 2.00 4000 40.00 -114 -1.14 301 3.01 200 2.00 4200 42.00 -40 -0.40 261 2.61 200 2.00 4400 44.00 -30 -0.30 231 2.31 200 2.00 4600 46.00 -34 -0.34 197 1.97 200 2.00 4800 48.00 -20 -0.20 177 1.77 0 0.00 5000 50.00 -56 -0.56 121 1.21 200 2.00 5000 50.00 -35 -0.35 86 0.86 166 1.66 5166 51.66 -46 -0.46 40 0.40 200 2.00 5366 53.66 -18 -0.18 22 0.22 200 2.00 5566 55.66 -18 -0.18 4 0.04 200 2.00 5766 57.66 -45 -0.45 -41 -0.41 200 2.00 5966 59.66 -36 -0.36 -77 -0.77 200 2.00 6166 61.66 -46 -0.46 -123 -1.23 Ocean
74 Transect 3. June 2008 START 2650517N 545669E; END 2650548N 545612E
Cum. Cum. Cumulative Cumulative Elevation Elevation Elev. Elev. Distance Distance Distance Distance change change change change (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) (cm) (m) Comment 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 BBF 200 2.00 200 2.00 18 0.18 18 0.18 200 2.00 400 4.00 21 0.21 39 0.39 200 2.00 600 6.00 23 0.23 62 0.62 200 2.00 800 8.00 28 0.28 90 0.90 200 2.00 1000 10.00 31 0.31 121 1.21 200 2.00 1200 12.00 21 0.21 142 1.42 200 2.00 1400 14.00 23 0.23 165 1.65 200 2.00 1600 16.00 38 0.38 203 2.03 200 2.00 1800 18.00 41 0.41 244 2.44 200 2.00 2000 20.00 42 0.42 286 2.86 200 2.00 2200 22.00 40 0.40 326 3.26 200 2.00 2400 24.00 26 0.26 352 3.52 200 2.00 2600 26.00 21 0.21 373 3.73 Dune Crest 200 2.00 2800 28.00 -60 -0.60 313 3.13 200 2.00 3000 30.00 -60 -0.60 253 2.53 200 2.00 3200 32.00 -52 -0.52 201 2.01 200 2.00 3400 34.00 -50 -0.50 151 1.51 200 2.00 3600 36.00 -44 -0.44 107 1.07 200 2.00 3800 38.00 -40 -0.40 67 0.67 200 2.00 4000 40.00 -36 -0.36 31 0.31 200 2.00 4200 42.00 -34 -0.34 -3 -0.03 200 2.00 4400 44.00 -10 -0.10 -13 -0.13 200 2.00 4600 46.00 -10 -0.10 -23 -0.23 200 2.00 4800 48.00 -18 -0.18 -41 -0.41 200 2.00 5000 50.00 -20 -0.20 -61 -0.61 200 2.00 5200 52.00 -33 -0.33 -94 -0.94 200 2.00 5400 54.00 -38 -0.38 -132 -1.32 200 2.00 5600 56.00 -41 -0.41 -173 -1.73 200 2.00 5800 58.00 -33 -0.33 -206 -2.06 200 2.00 6000 60.00 -10 -0.10 -216 -2.16 Ocean 200 2.00 6200 62.00 -24 -0.24 -240 -2.40 Ocean 200 2.00 6400 64.00 -24 -0.24 -264 -2.64 Ocean 200 2.00 6600 66.00 -28 -0.28 -292 -2.92 Ocean 200 2.00 6800 68.00 -24 -0.24 -316 -3.16 Ocean
75
APPENDIX B
LOSS ON IGNITION
Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-1.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample wt % wt % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 4.422 5.448 0.405 0.215 0.200 46.9 7.0 0.405 60.5 1.5 4.538 5.517 0.416 0.355 0.209 14.7 41.1 0.416 57.5 2.5 4.418 5.448 0.438 0.371 0.219 15.3 41.0 0.438 57.5 3.5 4.210 5.305 0.479 0.412 0.243 14.0 41.0 0.479 56.3 4.5 4.915 5.964 0.490 0.434 0.250 11.4 42.4 0.490 53.3 5.5 5.097 6.115 0.488 0.430 0.252 11.9 41.4 0.488 52.1 6.5 4.531 5.578 0.484 0.424 0.246 12.4 42.0 0.484 53.8 7.5 4.552 5.642 0.527 0.467 0.269 11.4 42.4 0.527 51.7 8.5 4.409 5.252 0.434 0.384 0.225 11.5 41.4 0.434 48.5 9.5 4.797 5.966 0.629 0.572 0.328 9.1 42.7 0.629 46.2 10.5 4.540 5.627 0.597 0.546 0.315 8.5 42.3 0.597 45.1 11.5 5.047 5.776 0.408 0.375 0.219 8.1 41.6 0.408 44.0 12.5 4.700 5.855 0.677 0.623 0.358 8.0 42.5 0.677 41.4 13.5 4.613 5.696 0.648 0.602 0.347 7.1 42.4 0.648 40.2 14.5 4.614 6.229 1.039 0.972 0.561 6.4 42.3 1.039 35.7 15.5 5.154 6.814 1.115 1.041 0.598 6.6 42.6 1.115 32.8 16.5 4.048 5.566 0.908 0.832 0.482 8.4 42.1 0.908 40.2 17.5 4.960 6.657 1.250 1.191 0.680 4.7 42.9 1.250 26.3 18.5 4.416 5.826 1.057 0.767 0.574 27.4 25.2 1.057 25.0 19.5 4.310 5.948 1.161 1.099 0.628 5.3 42.9 1.161 29.1 20.5 4.500 6.276 1.207 1.133 0.648 6.1 42.8 1.207 32.0 21.5 5.726 7.066 0.907 0.849 0.489 6.4 42.4 0.907 32.3 22.5 5.199 6.684 0.825 0.759 0.433 8.0 43.0 0.825 44.4 23.5 5.155 6.630 0.809 0.733 0.425 9.4 42.0 0.809 45.2 24.5 4.692 6.116 0.801 0.736 0.417 8.1 43.3 0.801 43.8 25.5 5.434 6.810 0.728 0.591 0.382 18.8 35.4 0.728 47.1 26.5 4.679 6.077 0.854 0.753 0.455 11.8 39.6 0.854 38.9 27.5 5.088 6.262 0.640 0.563 0.334 12.0 40.7 0.640 45.5 28.5 4.551 5.914 0.589 0.491 0.298 16.6 39.3 0.589 56.8 29.5 4.448 5.882 0.576 0.505 0.286 12.3 43.4 0.576 59.8 30.5 4.565 5.965 0.515 0.435 0.252 15.5 42.1 0.515 63.2 31.5 4.836 6.111 0.458 0.390 0.221 14.8 43.3 0.458 64.1 32.5 5.270 6.722 0.731 0.677 0.381 7.4 43.7 0.731 49.7 33.5 4.579 5.997 0.526 0.463 0.259 12.0 44.1 0.526 62.9 76 34.5 5.005 6.658 0.989 0.929 0.526 6.1 43.4 0.989 40.2 35.5 4.261 5.648 0.652 0.547 0.336 16.1 38.6 0.652 53.0 36.5 5.167 6.546 0.451 0.358 0.217 20.6 39.4 0.451 67.3 37.5 4.781 6.227 0.578 0.314 0.293 45.7 6.7 0.578 60.0 38.5 4.785 6.148 0.442 0.235 0.205 46.8 12.8 0.442 67.6 39.5 4.411 5.610 0.387 0.214 0.193 44.7 9.8 0.387 67.7 40.5 5.037 6.262 0.780 0.487 0.419 37.6 14.0 0.780 36.3 41.5 4.540 5.668 0.643 0.357 0.342 44.5 4.2 0.643 43.0 42.5 4.777 6.249 0.711 0.394 0.368 44.6 6.6 0.711 51.7 43.5 4.430 5.985 0.848 0.630 0.444 25.7 29.5 0.848 45.5 44.5 4.236 5.583 0.543 0.297 0.271 45.3 8.8 0.543 59.7 45.5 4.731 6.112 0.571 0.318 0.288 44.3 9.4 0.571 58.7 46.5 4.562 6.036 0.651 0.358 0.337 45.0 5.9 0.651 55.8 47.5 4.711 6.136 0.584 0.321 0.297 45.0 7.5 0.584 59.0 48.5 4.472 5.907 0.688 0.382 0.362 44.5 5.2 0.688 52.1 49.5 5.463 6.877 0.566 0.312 0.286 44.9 8.3 0.566 60.0 50.5 5.584 7.044 0.610 0.335 0.310 45.1 7.5 0.610 58.2 51.5 5.378 6.905 0.712 0.493 0.372 30.8 24.5 0.712 53.4 52.5 4.614 6.041 0.552 0.362 0.276 34.4 23.8 0.552 61.3 53.5 5.215 6.613 0.582 0.324 0.297 44.3 8.3 0.582 58.4 54.5 4.444 5.867 0.545 0.297 0.275 45.5 7.4 0.545 61.7 55.5 5.614 7.340 1.150 0.729 0.621 36.6 14.8 1.150 33.4 56.5 5.387 6.845 0.694 0.381 0.360 45.1 5.5 0.694 52.4 57.5 4.923 6.448 0.658 0.361 0.335 45.1 7.2 0.658 56.9 58.5 4.766 6.065 0.560 0.344 0.286 38.6 16.9 0.560 56.9 59.5 4.788 6.165 0.650 0.401 0.339 38.3 15.5 0.650 52.8 60.5 4.512 6.052 0.754 0.419 0.398 44.4 5.0 0.754 51.0 61.5 4.231 5.706 0.669 0.367 0.342 45.1 6.8 0.669 54.6 62.5 4.332 6.034 1.351 1.001 0.739 25.9 26.2 1.351 20.6 63.5 5.330 6.744 0.765 0.559 0.403 26.9 27.9 0.765 45.9 64.5 4.216 5.515 0.689 0.381 0.362 44.7 5.0 0.689 47.0 65.5 5.287 6.561 0.762 0.424 0.406 44.4 4.2 0.762 40.2 66.5 4.774 6.197 0.549 0.346 0.279 37.0 19.4 0.549 61.4 67.5 4.391 5.765 0.626 0.362 0.322 42.2 11.0 0.626 54.4 68.5 4.738 6.103 0.541 0.310 0.281 42.7 9.4 0.541 60.4 69.5 5.386 6.599 0.453 0.252 0.226 44.4 10.3 0.453 62.7 70.5 5.066 6.424 0.760 0.427 0.407 43.8 4.7 0.760 44.0
77 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-1B.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 5.094 6.212 0.645 0.357 0.343 44.7 3.9 0.645 42.3 1.5 4.353 5.368 0.632 0.348 0.339 44.9 2.6 0.632 37.7 2.5 4.564 5.746 0.644 0.352 0.338 45.3 4.0 0.644 45.5 3.5 5.572 6.791 0.741 0.407 0.394 45.1 3.2 0.741 39.2 4.5 5.187 6.784 1.087 0.645 0.584 40.7 9.5 1.087 31.9 5.5 4.408 5.867 1.033 0.575 0.564 44.3 1.9 1.033 29.2 6.5 5.315 7.000 1.130 0.624 0.610 44.8 2.2 1.130 32.9 7.5 4.736 6.187 1.082 0.605 0.592 44.1 2.1 1.082 25.4 8.5 4.975 6.609 1.122 0.620 0.605 44.7 2.4 1.122 31.3 9.5 4.504 5.986 0.876 0.483 0.465 44.9 3.7 0.876 40.9 10.5 4.356 6.107 1.246 0.692 0.675 44.5 2.5 1.246 28.8 11.5 4.783 6.140 0.629 0.344 0.324 45.3 5.8 0.629 53.6 12.5 4.247 5.724 0.671 0.364 0.341 45.8 6.3 0.671 54.6 13.5 4.044 5.390 0.468 0.252 0.229 46.2 9.1 0.468 65.2 14.5 4.518 5.701 0.516 0.281 0.261 45.5 7.1 0.516 56.4 15.5 4.437 5.477 0.484 0.265 0.247 45.2 6.8 0.484 53.5 16.5 5.193 6.428 0.655 0.366 0.347 44.1 5.2 0.655 47.0 17.5 5.136 6.271 0.467 0.254 0.236 45.6 7.1 0.467 58.9 18.5 4.428 5.639 0.556 0.306 0.283 45.0 7.5 0.556 54.1 19.5 4.996 6.361 0.491 0.264 0.241 46.2 8.7 0.491 64.0 20.5 5.409 6.763 0.528 0.286 0.264 45.8 7.7 0.528 61.0 21.5 4.397 5.613 0.637 0.353 0.333 44.6 5.7 0.637 47.6 22.5 5.872 6.861 0.408 0.223 0.207 45.3 7.2 0.408 58.7 23.5 4.616 5.899 0.748 0.413 0.398 44.8 3.6 0.748 41.7 24.5 4.471 5.829 0.658 0.361 0.338 45.1 6.4 0.658 51.5 25.5 4.260 5.642 0.496 0.272 0.247 45.2 9.2 0.496 64.1 26.5 5.199 6.448 0.448 0.242 0.216 46.0 10.7 0.448 64.1 27.5 4.451 5.673 0.356 0.189 0.166 46.9 12.2 0.356 70.9 28.5 5.270 6.423 0.663 0.371 0.354 44.0 4.6 0.663 42.5 29.5 5.231 6.621 0.828 0.461 0.440 44.3 4.6 0.828 40.4 30.5 4.757 6.134 0.727 0.409 0.380 43.7 7.1 0.727 47.2 31.5 5.112 6.647 0.731 0.403 0.376 44.9 6.7 0.731 52.4 32.5 4.610 5.998 0.539 0.297 0.269 44.9 9.4 0.539 61.2 33.5 5.310 6.598 0.613 0.338 0.317 44.9 6.2 0.613 52.4 34.5 5.126 6.461 0.502 0.272 0.244 45.8 10.3 0.502 62.4 35.5 4.220 5.512 0.553 0.366 0.280 33.8 23.5 0.553 57.2 36.5 4.834 6.408 0.892 0.686 0.478 23.1 30.3 0.892 43.3 37.5 4.446 5.565 0.559 0.377 0.293 32.6 22.3 0.559 50.0 38.5 4.729 6.132 0.641 0.499 0.329 22.2 34.1 0.641 54.3 39.5 5.052 6.607 0.807 0.600 0.423 25.7 29.5 0.807 48.1 40.5 4.787 6.154 0.522 0.331 0.261 36.6 21.1 0.522 61.8 41.5 4.735 6.176 0.550 0.338 0.272 38.5 19.5 0.550 61.8 42.5 4.230 5.996 1.375 1.247 0.751 9.3 39.8 1.375 22.1 43.5 5.462 6.840 0.807 0.651 0.429 19.3 34.1 0.807 41.4 44.5 5.005 6.215 0.527 0.338 0.272 35.9 19.5 0.527 56.4 78 45.5 4.472 5.727 0.655 0.485 0.344 26.0 29.1 0.655 47.8 46.5 4.768 6.253 0.761 0.673 0.401 11.6 40.4 0.761 48.8 47.5 5.065 6.854 1.077 0.939 0.573 12.8 39.0 1.077 39.8 48.5 4.554 6.360 1.202 0.955 0.640 20.5 33.0 1.202 33.4 49.5 4.512 6.218 1.231 1.019 0.670 17.2 34.2 1.231 27.8 50.5 4.528 5.818 0.742 0.630 0.391 15.1 37.9 0.742 42.5 51.5 4.962 6.097 0.489 0.318 0.246 35.0 22.6 0.489 56.9 52.5 5.161 6.377 0.493 0.376 0.252 23.7 33.0 0.493 59.5 53.5 5.097 6.665 1.024 0.908 0.551 11.3 39.3 1.024 34.7 54.5 4.050 5.924 1.421 1.315 0.780 7.5 40.7 1.421 24.2 55.5 4.613 6.043 0.624 0.493 0.316 21.0 35.9 0.624 56.4 56.5 4.917 6.284 0.557 0.375 0.279 32.7 25.6 0.557 59.3 57.5 4.505 5.798 0.529 0.348 0.261 34.2 25.0 0.529 59.1 58.5 5.271 6.709 0.741 0.531 0.387 28.3 27.1 0.741 48.5 59.5 4.799 6.081 0.621 0.418 0.321 32.7 23.2 0.621 51.6 60.5 4.426 5.838 0.630 0.408 0.321 35.2 21.3 0.630 55.4 61.5 4.612 6.153 0.861 0.772 0.451 10.3 41.6 0.861 44.1 62.5 5.215 6.425 0.468 0.378 0.233 19.2 38.4 0.468 61.3 63.5 4.877 6.535 1.137 0.906 0.613 20.3 32.3 1.137 31.4 64.5 4.445 6.102 1.245 1.040 0.677 16.5 34.9 1.245 24.9 65.5 5.320 6.981 1.222 1.133 0.665 7.3 41.3 1.222 26.4 66.5 4.335 5.338 0.575 0.416 0.304 27.7 26.9 0.575 42.7 67.5 4.776 5.854 0.752 0.697 0.410 7.3 41.2 0.752 30.2 68.5 4.455 5.300 0.487 0.357 0.262 26.7 26.6 0.487 42.4 69.5 4.773 5.797 0.486 0.328 0.252 32.5 23.2 0.486 52.5
79 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-3B.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 4.421 5.202 0.375 0.203 0.189 45.9 6.9 0.375 52.0 1.5 5.126 6.295 0.513 0.279 0.259 45.6 7.2 0.513 56.1 2.5 4.786 6.348 0.870 0.493 0.459 43.3 6.9 0.870 44.3 3.5 4.608 5.975 0.658 0.361 0.341 45.1 5.5 0.658 51.9 4.5 5.320 6.870 0.706 0.387 0.365 45.2 5.7 0.706 54.5 5.5 5.159 6.498 0.542 0.294 0.271 45.8 7.8 0.542 59.5 6.5 5.193 6.382 0.506 0.276 0.255 45.5 7.6 0.506 57.4 7.5 4.043 5.621 0.719 0.395 0.371 45.1 6.1 0.719 54.4 8.5 4.336 5.703 0.634 0.350 0.326 44.8 6.9 0.634 53.6 9.5 5.135 6.464 0.571 0.312 0.291 45.4 6.7 0.571 57.0 10.5 4.370 5.827 0.650 0.356 0.331 45.2 7.0 0.650 55.4 11.5 5.175 6.640 0.649 0.355 0.329 45.3 7.3 0.649 55.7 12.5 5.191 6.629 0.647 0.356 0.331 45.0 7.0 0.647 55.0 13.5 4.976 6.568 0.689 0.379 0.352 45.0 7.1 0.689 56.7 14.5 4.849 6.394 0.700 0.383 0.360 45.3 6.0 0.700 54.7 15.5 5.616 7.080 0.633 0.351 0.324 44.5 7.7 0.633 56.8 16.5 4.517 5.977 0.665 0.367 0.342 44.8 6.8 0.665 54.5 17.5 4.677 6.092 0.618 0.342 0.316 44.7 7.6 0.618 56.3 18.5 4.781 6.364 0.765 0.424 0.395 44.6 6.8 0.765 51.7 19.5 5.093 6.409 0.509 0.280 0.256 45.0 8.6 0.509 61.3 20.5 5.313 6.952 0.679 0.380 0.350 44.0 7.9 0.679 58.6 21.5 4.738 6.293 0.686 0.378 0.351 44.9 7.1 0.686 55.9 22.5 5.383 6.649 0.529 0.294 0.270 44.4 8.2 0.529 58.2 23.5 4.543 5.953 0.599 0.340 0.315 43.2 7.4 0.599 57.5 24.5 5.034 6.412 0.654 0.375 0.348 42.7 7.2 0.654 52.5 25.5 4.373 5.648 0.549 0.309 0.284 43.7 8.1 0.549 56.9 26.5 4.710 5.885 0.620 0.366 0.333 41.0 9.0 0.620 47.2 27.5 4.623 6.014 0.766 0.450 0.412 41.3 8.4 0.766 44.9 28.5 4.213 5.639 0.665 0.394 0.351 40.8 10.9 0.665 53.4 29.5 4.473 5.758 0.590 0.343 0.308 41.9 10.2 0.590 54.1 30.5 4.620 6.041 0.660 0.481 0.340 27.1 29.3 0.660 53.6 31.5 4.540 5.799 0.505 0.342 0.260 32.3 24.0 0.505 59.9 32.5 4.536 5.977 0.756 0.558 0.408 26.2 26.9 0.756 47.5 33.5 4.880 6.053 0.628 0.474 0.340 24.5 28.3 0.628 46.5 34.5 4.320 5.289 0.508 0.433 0.274 14.8 36.7 0.508 47.6 35.5 4.676 5.834 0.559 0.436 0.294 22.0 32.6 0.559 51.7 36.5 5.091 6.220 0.518 0.398 0.272 23.2 31.7 0.518 54.1 37.5 4.402 5.531 0.498 0.286 0.261 42.6 8.7 0.498 55.9 38.5 4.300 5.683 0.649 0.426 0.340 34.4 20.2 0.649 53.1 39.5 5.152 6.392 0.619 0.367 0.330 40.7 10.1 0.619 50.1 40.5 5.273 6.411 0.479 0.328 0.252 31.5 23.2 0.479 57.9 41.5 4.541 5.515 0.480 0.269 0.254 44.0 5.6 0.480 50.7 42.5 4.357 5.622 0.740 0.414 0.401 44.1 3.1 0.740 41.5 43.5 4.261 5.710 0.824 0.462 0.443 43.9 4.1 0.824 43.1 44.5 4.426 5.616 0.631 0.354 0.338 43.9 4.5 0.631 47.0 80 45.5 4.454 5.739 0.610 0.341 0.323 44.1 5.3 0.610 52.5 46.5 5.410 6.670 0.533 0.297 0.280 44.3 5.7 0.533 57.7 47.5 4.998 6.208 0.602 0.342 0.322 43.2 5.8 0.602 50.2 48.5 4.400 5.727 0.642 0.364 0.344 43.3 5.5 0.642 51.6 49.5 4.407 5.929 0.785 0.445 0.424 43.3 4.7 0.785 48.4 50.5 4.410 5.588 0.663 0.374 0.360 43.6 3.7 0.663 43.7 51.5 5.868 7.001 0.680 0.380 0.367 44.1 3.4 0.680 40.0 52.5 5.169 6.566 0.840 0.506 0.451 39.8 10.9 0.840 39.9 53.5 5.775 6.817 0.624 0.347 0.334 44.4 3.7 0.624 40.1 54.5 5.022 6.239 0.746 0.415 0.401 44.4 3.4 0.746 38.7 55.5 4.754 5.891 0.686 0.384 0.369 44.0 3.9 0.686 39.7 56.5 4.694 6.061 0.798 0.446 0.429 44.1 3.8 0.798 41.6 57.5 5.113 6.644 0.920 0.518 0.499 43.7 3.7 0.920 39.9 58.5 5.730 7.366 0.971 0.546 0.527 43.8 3.5 0.971 40.6 59.5 5.575 6.841 0.759 0.427 0.414 43.7 3.0 0.759 40.0 60.5 4.917 5.602 0.408 0.231 0.224 43.4 3.0 0.408 40.4 61.5 4.788 5.981 0.682 0.385 0.369 43.5 4.2 0.682 42.8 62.5 4.793 5.632 0.477 0.271 0.260 43.2 4.1 0.477 43.1 63.5 4.220 5.372 0.625 0.353 0.337 43.5 4.5 0.625 45.7 64.5 4.507 5.496 0.567 0.318 0.307 43.9 3.5 0.567 42.7 65.5 4.581 5.966 0.751 0.424 0.407 43.5 4.0 0.751 45.8 66.5 4.696 5.590 0.422 0.241 0.226 42.9 6.2 0.422 52.8 67.5 5.374 6.540 0.631 0.362 0.345 42.6 4.7 0.631 45.9 68.5 5.203 6.327 0.436 0.249 0.231 42.9 7.2 0.436 61.2 69.5 5.581 6.713 0.685 0.393 0.379 42.6 3.6 0.685 39.5 70.5 4.257 5.466 0.690 0.453 0.375 34.3 17.2 0.690 42.9 71.5 4.553 5.607 0.666 0.383 0.368 42.5 3.9 0.666 36.8 72.5 5.432 6.296 0.541 0.310 0.295 42.7 4.8 0.541 37.4 73.5 4.545 5.755 0.841 0.474 0.460 43.6 3.0 0.841 30.5
81 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-4.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 4.260 4.924 0.253 0.158 0.123 37.5 22.2 0.253 61.9 1.5 4.403 5.299 0.360 0.193 0.177 46.4 8.3 0.360 59.8 2.5 4.538 5.423 0.375 0.200 0.185 46.7 7.5 0.375 57.6 3.5 5.026 5.973 0.417 0.224 0.206 46.3 8.0 0.417 56.0 4.5 4.999 5.981 0.434 0.235 0.219 45.9 6.8 0.434 55.8 5.5 4.789 5.767 0.435 0.235 0.218 46.0 7.2 0.435 55.5 6.5 5.775 6.679 0.422 0.231 0.214 45.3 7.4 0.422 53.3 7.5 5.148 6.086 0.420 0.227 0.210 46.0 7.5 0.420 55.2 8.5 5.204 6.140 0.442 0.240 0.224 45.7 6.7 0.442 52.8 9.5 5.423 6.298 0.433 0.312 0.222 27.9 28.8 0.433 50.5 10.5 4.757 5.684 0.471 0.258 0.244 45.2 5.4 0.471 49.2 11.5 4.918 5.865 0.478 0.261 0.246 45.4 5.7 0.478 49.5 12.5 5.276 6.231 0.482 0.377 0.248 21.8 34.2 0.482 49.5 13.5 4.297 5.229 0.477 0.361 0.247 24.3 31.6 0.477 48.8 14.5 4.422 5.378 0.546 0.331 0.287 39.4 13.3 0.546 42.9 15.5 5.720 6.713 0.518 0.397 0.267 23.4 32.7 0.518 47.8 16.5 4.216 5.348 0.615 0.337 0.322 45.2 4.5 0.615 45.7 17.5 4.402 5.615 0.722 0.504 0.378 30.2 25.0 0.722 40.5 18.5 4.475 5.827 0.691 0.376 0.356 45.6 5.3 0.691 48.9 19.5 4.552 5.513 0.480 0.262 0.247 45.4 5.7 0.480 50.1 20.5 5.170 6.231 0.489 0.267 0.250 45.4 6.4 0.489 53.9 21.5 5.576 6.705 0.579 0.320 0.302 44.7 5.6 0.579 48.7 22.5 5.579 6.753 0.472 0.284 0.235 39.8 17.3 0.472 59.8 23.5 4.796 5.664 0.362 0.198 0.179 45.3 9.6 0.362 58.3 24.5 4.583 5.797 0.500 0.269 0.246 46.2 8.6 0.500 58.8 25.5 4.260 5.443 0.426 0.229 0.205 46.2 10.5 0.426 64.0 26.5 4.695 5.819 0.489 0.266 0.246 45.6 7.5 0.489 56.5 27.5 4.414 5.559 0.500 0.327 0.252 34.6 22.9 0.500 56.3 28.5 4.459 5.618 0.434 0.271 0.212 37.6 21.8 0.434 62.6 29.5 4.358 5.630 0.613 0.343 0.320 44.0 6.7 0.613 51.8 30.5 5.377 6.671 0.593 0.324 0.304 45.4 6.2 0.593 54.2 31.5 4.408 5.595 0.491 0.266 0.243 45.8 8.6 0.491 58.6 32.5 5.871 7.132 0.502 0.363 0.253 27.7 30.3 0.502 60.2 33.5 4.695 5.898 0.453 0.248 0.225 45.3 9.3 0.453 62.3 34.5 4.509 5.586 0.415 0.225 0.206 45.8 8.4 0.415 61.5 35.5 4.472 5.539 0.478 0.269 0.243 43.7 9.7 0.478 55.2 36.5 5.617 6.670 0.501 0.275 0.256 45.1 6.9 0.501 52.4 37.5 5.128 6.327 0.485 0.309 0.242 36.3 21.7 0.485 59.5 38.5 4.324 5.354 0.456 0.284 0.233 37.7 18.0 0.456 55.7 39.5 4.609 5.062 0.499 0.272 0.249 45.5 8.5 0.499 -10.2 40.5 4.708 5.964 0.484 0.266 0.242 45.0 9.0 0.484 61.5 41.5 4.622 5.716 0.404 0.224 0.202 44.6 9.8 0.404 63.1 42.5 4.621 6.249 0.972 0.540 0.514 44.4 4.8 0.972 40.3 43.5 5.190 6.560 0.548 0.301 0.274 45.1 9.0 0.548 60.0 44.5 4.213 5.667 0.592 0.324 0.296 45.3 8.6 0.592 59.3 82 45.5 5.095 6.524 0.665 0.364 0.344 45.3 5.5 0.665 53.5 46.5 4.520 5.913 0.567 0.310 0.286 45.3 7.7 0.567 59.3 47.5 4.784 6.117 0.560 0.307 0.283 45.2 7.8 0.560 58.0 48.5 5.171 6.387 0.582 0.326 0.306 44.0 6.1 0.582 52.1 49.5 5.191 6.403 0.654 0.364 0.346 44.3 4.9 0.654 46.0 50.5 4.740 6.088 0.678 0.375 0.356 44.7 5.1 0.678 49.7 51.5 5.382 6.680 0.580 0.321 0.299 44.7 6.9 0.580 55.3 52.5 4.422 5.312 0.465 0.254 0.246 45.4 3.1 0.465 47.8 53.5 4.370 5.725 0.749 0.416 0.402 44.5 3.4 0.749 44.7 54.5 5.159 6.806 1.045 0.585 0.564 44.0 3.6 1.045 36.6 55.5 4.544 6.298 1.300 0.761 0.710 41.5 6.7 1.300 25.9 56.5 4.043 5.269 0.607 0.338 0.316 44.3 6.5 0.607 50.5 57.5 4.542 5.813 0.648 0.358 0.337 44.8 5.9 0.648 49.0 58.5 4.673 5.949 0.611 0.340 0.316 44.4 7.1 0.611 52.1 59.5 4.331 5.696 0.540 0.300 0.273 44.4 9.0 0.540 60.4 60.5 4.549 5.821 0.612 0.340 0.318 44.4 6.5 0.612 51.9 61.5 4.676 6.076 0.556 0.304 0.277 45.3 8.9 0.556 60.3 62.5 5.314 6.561 0.504 0.276 0.250 45.2 9.4 0.504 59.6 63.5 5.036 6.243 0.502 0.284 0.249 43.4 12.3 0.502 58.4
83 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-5.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 4.615 5.268 0.312 0.168 0.157 46.2 6.5 0.312 52.2 1.5 4.838 5.880 0.480 0.260 0.243 45.8 6.5 0.480 53.9 2.5 4.450 5.639 0.589 0.324 0.306 45.0 5.6 0.589 50.5 3.5 4.449 5.065 0.346 0.192 0.182 44.5 5.2 0.346 43.8 4.5 5.264 6.303 0.569 0.313 0.299 45.0 4.5 0.569 45.2 5.5 4.919 5.582 0.365 0.202 0.193 44.7 4.5 0.365 44.9 6.5 4.771 5.281 0.299 0.165 0.159 44.8 3.6 0.299 41.4 7.5 4.523 5.535 0.553 0.304 0.292 45.0 3.9 0.553 45.4 8.5 4.555 5.783 0.726 0.398 0.382 45.2 4.0 0.726 40.9 9.5 4.411 5.633 0.730 0.403 0.385 44.8 4.5 0.730 40.3 10.5 4.332 5.478 0.680 0.375 0.359 44.9 4.3 0.680 40.7 11.5 4.233 5.918 1.142 0.635 0.613 44.4 3.5 1.142 32.2 12.5 5.161 6.563 0.779 0.427 0.410 45.2 4.0 0.779 44.4 13.5 5.318 6.605 0.741 0.409 0.392 44.8 4.2 0.741 42.4 14.5 4.770 6.159 0.697 0.381 0.361 45.3 5.2 0.697 49.8 15.5 5.054 6.228 0.535 0.294 0.271 45.0 7.8 0.535 54.4 16.5 5.068 6.127 0.496 0.271 0.253 45.4 6.6 0.496 53.2 17.5 5.463 6.631 0.728 0.404 0.388 44.5 4.0 0.728 37.7 18.5 4.883 6.380 0.958 0.531 0.511 44.6 3.8 0.958 36.0 19.5 4.447 5.441 0.616 0.340 0.325 44.8 4.4 0.616 38.0 20.5 4.506 5.933 0.807 0.442 0.424 45.2 4.1 0.807 43.4 21.5 4.959 6.179 0.487 0.268 0.244 45.0 9.0 0.487 60.1 22.5 4.732 5.711 0.343 0.186 0.167 45.8 10.2 0.343 65.0 23.5 4.709 5.919 0.379 0.208 0.181 45.1 13.0 0.379 68.7 24.5 4.474 5.311 0.408 0.227 0.213 44.4 6.2 0.408 51.3 25.5 4.609 5.304 0.334 0.187 0.174 44.0 7.0 0.334 51.9 26.5 4.548 5.659 0.479 0.266 0.245 44.5 7.9 0.479 56.9 27.5 5.190 6.322 0.481 0.268 0.245 44.3 8.6 0.481 57.5 28.5 4.056 5.161 0.438 0.243 0.219 44.5 9.9 0.438 60.4 29.5 4.710 5.852 0.494 0.270 0.252 45.3 6.7 0.494 56.7 30.5 5.006 6.140 0.414 0.232 0.206 44.0 11.2 0.414 63.5 31.5 4.799 6.190 0.562 0.318 0.281 43.4 11.6 0.562 59.6 32.5 5.182 6.562 0.567 0.332 0.287 41.4 13.6 0.567 58.9 33.5 4.675 5.952 0.463 0.258 0.228 44.3 11.6 0.463 63.7 34.5 4.624 5.964 0.495 0.332 0.245 32.9 26.2 0.495 63.1 35.5 5.218 6.673 0.845 0.610 0.451 27.8 26.1 0.845 41.9 36.5 5.143 6.552 0.568 0.371 0.285 34.7 23.2 0.568 59.7 37.5 4.678 6.010 0.551 0.307 0.281 44.3 8.5 0.551 58.6 38.5 4.977 6.192 0.489 0.269 0.246 45.0 8.6 0.489 59.8 39.5 5.095 6.398 0.534 0.291 0.269 45.5 7.6 0.534 59.0 40.5 4.428 5.896 0.620 0.340 0.312 45.2 8.2 0.620 57.8 41.5 4.334 5.604 0.539 0.300 0.275 44.3 8.3 0.539 57.6 42.5 5.114 6.468 0.587 0.325 0.300 44.6 7.7 0.587 56.6 43.5 4.784 6.092 0.571 0.316 0.293 44.7 7.3 0.571 56.3 44.5 4.542 5.918 0.596 0.330 0.307 44.6 7.0 0.596 56.7 84 45.5 4.553 5.814 0.642 0.355 0.333 44.7 6.2 0.642 49.1 46.5 4.743 6.136 0.844 0.472 0.452 44.1 4.2 0.844 39.4 47.5 5.093 6.500 0.637 0.354 0.329 44.4 7.1 0.637 54.7 48.5 5.315 6.507 0.499 0.278 0.255 44.3 8.3 0.499 58.1 49.5 4.850 6.270 0.561 0.312 0.285 44.4 8.7 0.561 60.5 50.5 5.164 6.471 0.803 0.451 0.431 43.8 4.4 0.803 38.6 51.5 4.038 5.442 0.890 0.498 0.478 44.0 4.0 0.890 36.6 52.5 5.037 6.332 0.487 0.260 0.238 46.6 8.5 0.487 62.4 53.5 4.504 5.949 0.901 0.501 0.481 44.4 4.0 0.901 37.6 54.5 4.788 5.758 0.578 0.319 0.302 44.8 5.3 0.578 40.4 55.5 4.776 6.538 1.082 0.701 0.581 35.2 17.1 1.082 38.6 56.5 5.383 6.751 0.712 0.397 0.375 44.2 5.5 0.712 48.0 57.5 4.215 5.572 0.667 0.375 0.352 43.8 6.1 0.667 50.8 58.5 5.323 6.661 0.640 0.355 0.333 44.5 6.2 0.640 52.2 59.5 4.788 6.377 0.893 0.496 0.473 44.5 4.6 0.893 43.8 60.5 4.859 6.180 0.610 0.340 0.316 44.3 7.1 0.610 53.8 61.5 4.623 5.990 0.512 0.282 0.256 44.9 9.2 0.512 62.5 62.5 4.374 5.660 0.548 0.301 0.277 45.1 8.0 0.548 57.4 63.5 4.423 5.775 0.496 0.269 0.240 45.8 10.8 0.496 63.3 64.5 5.141 6.543 0.652 0.357 0.330 45.2 7.6 0.652 53.5 65.5 4.883 6.224 0.735 0.411 0.390 44.1 5.1 0.735 45.2 66.5 4.524 6.008 0.814 0.531 0.428 34.8 19.4 0.814 45.1 67.5 5.234 6.640 0.599 0.330 0.302 44.9 8.5 0.599 57.4 68.5 4.540 5.779 0.538 0.295 0.275 45.2 6.8 0.538 56.6 69.5 5.379 6.788 0.654 0.361 0.336 44.8 6.9 0.654 53.6 70.5 5.213 6.649 0.639 0.351 0.325 45.1 7.4 0.639 55.5 71.5 4.759 6.308 0.706 0.390 0.361 44.8 7.4 0.706 54.4 72.5 4.215 5.816 0.848 0.467 0.442 44.9 5.4 0.848 47.0 73.5 4.692 6.166 0.650 0.356 0.329 45.2 7.6 0.650 55.9 74.5 4.472 5.919 0.664 0.365 0.340 45.0 6.8 0.664 54.1
85 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-6A.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/ cc) (%) 0.5 5.140 6.406 0.652 0.453 0.339 30.5 25.2 0.652 48.5 1.5 5.376 6.585 0.585 0.423 0.299 27.7 29.3 0.585 51.6 2.5 4.915 6.058 0.536 0.381 0.272 28.9 28.6 0.536 53.1 3.5 4.401 5.524 0.504 0.280 0.254 44.4 9.3 0.504 55.1 4.5 5.415 6.676 0.650 0.385 0.334 40.8 13.2 0.650 48.5 5.5 4.995 6.292 0.676 0.400 0.349 40.8 12.7 0.676 47.9 6.5 5.618 7.113 0.775 0.423 0.399 45.4 5.7 0.775 48.2 7.5 5.169 6.500 0.755 0.413 0.394 45.3 4.6 0.755 43.3 8.5 4.797 6.051 0.727 0.399 0.383 45.1 4.0 0.727 42.0 9.5 4.788 6.040 0.748 0.409 0.392 45.3 4.2 0.748 40.3 10.5 5.868 7.654 1.161 0.653 0.619 43.8 5.2 1.161 35.0 11.5 4.182 5.848 1.137 0.630 0.610 44.6 3.2 1.137 31.8 12.5 4.295 5.830 1.054 0.582 0.565 44.8 2.9 1.054 31.3 13.5 4.692 6.511 1.253 0.694 0.670 44.6 3.5 1.253 31.1 14.5 4.582 6.153 1.100 0.608 0.591 44.7 2.8 1.100 30.0 15.5 4.468 6.180 1.171 0.650 0.633 44.5 2.6 1.171 31.6 16.5 5.245 6.817 1.160 0.643 0.627 44.6 2.5 1.160 26.2 17.5 4.550 5.782 0.914 0.507 0.495 44.5 2.4 0.914 25.8 18.5 5.576 7.095 1.115 0.619 0.605 44.5 2.3 1.115 26.6 19.5 4.526 6.367 1.405 0.783 0.765 44.3 2.3 1.405 23.7 20.5 4.416 6.286 1.373 0.767 0.748 44.1 2.5 1.373 26.6 21.5 4.864 6.150 0.854 0.473 0.458 44.6 3.2 0.854 33.6 22.5 5.275 7.043 1.261 0.699 0.681 44.6 2.6 1.261 28.7 23.5 4.361 5.920 0.932 0.512 0.493 45.1 3.7 0.932 40.2 24.5 4.439 5.761 0.802 0.440 0.423 45.1 3.9 0.802 39.3 25.5 5.022 6.653 0.789 0.433 0.410 45.1 5.3 0.789 51.6 26.5 5.126 5.999 0.421 0.231 0.217 45.1 6.1 0.421 51.8 27.5 4.406 5.990 1.124 0.622 0.606 44.7 2.6 1.124 29.0 28.5 5.407 7.136 1.250 0.694 0.676 44.5 2.6 1.250 27.7 29.5 5.717 7.074 0.661 0.359 0.339 45.7 5.6 0.661 51.3 30.5 4.404 5.578 0.560 0.306 0.287 45.4 6.2 0.560 52.3 31.5 4.626 6.039 0.647 0.351 0.330 45.7 6.0 0.647 54.2 32.5 5.346 6.643 0.713 0.391 0.373 45.2 4.6 0.713 45.0 33.5 4.509 6.223 1.213 0.670 0.653 44.8 2.5 1.213 29.2 34.5 5.775 6.933 0.615 0.336 0.319 45.4 5.1 0.615 46.9 35.5 4.258 5.798 0.895 0.497 0.474 44.5 4.6 0.895 41.9 36.5 4.460 5.610 0.694 0.387 0.371 44.2 4.1 0.694 39.7 37.5 5.573 7.148 1.047 0.596 0.563 43.1 5.5 1.047 33.5 38.5 4.413 5.626 0.609 0.335 0.317 45.0 5.4 0.609 49.8 39.5 5.287 6.588 0.696 0.380 0.362 45.4 4.7 0.696 46.5 40.5 4.552 5.927 0.680 0.375 0.352 44.9 6.1 0.680 50.5 41.5 5.163 6.614 0.665 0.437 0.340 34.3 22.2 0.665 54.2 42.5 4.505 5.891 0.678 0.407 0.353 40.0 13.3 0.678 51.1 43.5 5.385 6.862 0.654 0.360 0.336 45.0 6.7 0.654 55.7 44.5 4.542 6.037 0.675 0.378 0.347 44.0 8.2 0.675 54.8 86 45.5 5.209 7.177 1.577 1.246 0.866 21.0 30.5 1.577 19.9 46.5 4.787 6.237 0.645 0.370 0.334 42.6 9.7 0.645 55.5 47.5 4.471 6.152 0.989 0.677 0.531 31.5 21.6 0.989 41.2 48.5 4.759 5.927 0.640 0.354 0.336 44.7 5.1 0.640 45.2 49.5 4.777 5.982 0.616 0.396 0.299 35.7 24.5 0.616 48.9 50.5 4.424 6.053 1.253 0.942 0.635 24.8 32.6 1.253 23.1 51.5 4.885 6.337 0.643 0.442 0.328 31.3 25.8 0.643 55.7 52.5 4.696 6.091 0.592 0.465 0.301 21.5 35.3 0.592 57.6 53.5 4.215 5.406 0.653 0.381 0.345 41.7 9.4 0.653 45.2 54.5 4.544 6.096 0.832 0.495 0.441 40.5 10.9 0.832 46.4 55.5 4.233 5.959 1.235 0.870 0.672 29.6 22.8 1.235 28.4 56.5 5.091 6.615 0.715 0.541 0.379 24.3 29.9 0.715 53.1 57.5 5.326 6.848 0.870 0.551 0.466 36.7 15.4 0.870 42.8 58.5 5.162 6.926 1.466 1.333 0.816 9.1 38.8 1.466 16.9 59.5 5.141 6.668 0.920 0.711 0.461 22.7 35.2 0.920 39.8 60.5 5.111 6.486 0.754 0.480 0.400 36.3 16.7 0.754 45.2 61.5 4.554 6.109 0.889 0.673 0.470 24.3 30.2 0.889 42.8 62.5 4.446 6.144 0.948 0.647 0.505 31.8 21.9 0.948 44.2 63.5 5.314 6.798 0.798 0.528 0.427 33.8 19.1 0.798 46.2 64.5 4.758 6.244 0.857 0.540 0.455 37.0 15.7 0.857 42.3 65.5 4.679 6.353 1.130 0.797 0.609 29.5 23.6 1.130 32.5 66.5 4.785 6.553 1.162 1.021 0.623 12.1 39.0 1.162 34.3 67.5 4.789 6.437 0.926 0.701 0.491 24.3 30.0 0.926 43.8 68.5 4.413 6.017 0.958 0.621 0.461 35.2 25.8 0.958 40.3 69.5 4.771 6.039 0.663 0.488 0.344 26.4 29.5 0.663 47.7
87 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-6B.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 5.037 5.910 0.433 0.291 0.224 32.8 23.0 0.433 50.4 1.5 5.285 6.755 0.971 0.727 0.518 25.1 28.7 0.971 33.9 2.5 4.916 6.311 1.050 0.816 0.571 22.3 30.0 1.050 24.7 3.5 4.550 5.645 0.868 0.673 0.474 22.5 29.6 0.868 20.7 4.5 5.560 6.982 0.965 0.761 0.521 21.1 31.5 0.965 32.1 5.5 4.296 5.671 0.948 0.605 0.511 36.2 15.5 0.948 31.1 6.5 5.244 6.676 1.096 0.727 0.598 33.7 17.7 1.096 23.5 7.5 5.096 5.991 0.717 0.418 0.389 41.7 6.9 0.717 19.9 8.5 5.417 6.999 1.212 0.771 0.661 36.4 14.3 1.212 23.4 9.5 4.404 5.601 0.777 0.464 0.416 40.3 10.3 0.777 35.1 10.5 4.214 5.418 0.944 0.560 0.518 40.7 7.5 0.944 21.6 11.5 4.798 6.268 0.919 0.517 0.491 43.7 5.0 0.919 37.5 12.5 5.179 6.571 0.680 0.378 0.353 44.4 6.6 0.680 51.1 13.5 5.871 7.284 0.678 0.372 0.349 45.1 6.2 0.678 52.0 14.5 5.187 6.475 0.540 0.292 0.264 45.9 9.6 0.540 58.1 15.5 4.414 5.873 0.711 0.388 0.367 45.4 5.4 0.711 51.3 16.5 4.182 5.820 1.259 0.753 0.688 40.2 8.6 1.259 23.1 17.5 5.407 6.900 0.753 0.413 0.387 45.2 6.3 0.753 49.6 18.5 4.407 6.009 0.994 0.550 0.528 44.7 4.0 0.994 38.0 19.5 4.365 5.766 0.708 0.391 0.367 44.8 6.1 0.708 49.5 20.5 4.438 5.824 0.673 0.368 0.335 45.3 9.0 0.673 51.4 21.5 4.553 5.889 0.599 0.322 0.303 46.2 5.9 0.599 55.2 22.5 4.461 6.149 1.166 0.654 0.634 43.9 3.1 1.166 30.9 23.5 4.789 6.245 0.703 0.387 0.361 45.0 6.7 0.703 51.7 24.5 5.141 6.596 0.935 0.521 0.503 44.3 3.5 0.935 35.7 25.5 5.718 7.262 0.995 0.556 0.535 44.1 3.8 0.995 35.6 26.5 4.420 5.941 0.783 0.435 0.404 44.4 7.1 0.783 48.5 27.5 4.522 6.026 0.746 0.413 0.387 44.6 6.3 0.746 50.4 28.5 5.618 6.902 0.712 0.397 0.374 44.2 5.8 0.712 44.5 29.5 4.692 5.871 0.644 0.366 0.338 43.2 7.7 0.644 45.4 30.5 4.583 5.953 0.690 0.395 0.370 42.8 6.3 0.690 49.6 31.5 5.377 6.846 0.935 0.562 0.507 39.9 9.8 0.935 36.4 32.5 5.345 6.865 0.894 0.529 0.480 40.8 9.3 0.894 41.2 33.5 5.137 6.745 1.065 0.594 0.573 44.2 3.5 1.065 33.8 34.5 4.427 5.678 0.733 0.547 0.391 25.4 28.5 0.733 41.4 35.5 5.775 6.991 0.741 0.562 0.397 24.2 29.4 0.741 39.1 36.5 4.040 5.395 0.750 0.525 0.395 30.0 24.8 0.750 44.6 37.5 5.318 6.693 0.796 0.606 0.422 23.9 30.4 0.796 42.1 38.5 4.884 6.126 0.760 0.605 0.409 20.4 32.4 0.760 38.8 39.5 4.959 6.141 0.731 0.411 0.392 43.8 4.6 0.731 38.2 40.5 5.464 6.972 0.940 0.650 0.508 30.9 21.8 0.940 37.7 41.5 4.844 6.408 0.990 0.682 0.538 31.1 21.1 0.990 36.7 42.5 4.916 6.587 1.121 0.795 0.612 29.1 23.0 1.121 32.9 43.5 4.552 6.027 0.927 0.551 0.503 40.6 8.7 0.927 37.2 44.5 4.836 6.324 0.948 0.534 0.513 43.7 3.9 0.948 36.3 88 45.5 4.712 6.281 1.055 0.592 0.570 43.9 3.7 1.055 32.8 46.5 4.708 6.087 0.829 0.572 0.441 31.0 22.9 0.829 39.9 47.5 4.549 5.915 0.912 0.731 0.493 19.8 32.6 0.912 33.2 48.5 5.027 6.529 0.981 0.790 0.530 19.5 32.9 0.981 34.7 49.5 4.512 6.167 1.067 0.874 0.577 18.1 34.0 1.067 35.5 50.5 4.374 5.940 1.019 0.571 0.552 44.0 3.3 1.019 34.9 51.5 5.279 6.324 0.715 0.399 0.387 44.2 3.0 0.715 31.6 52.5 5.141 6.507 0.872 0.489 0.471 43.9 3.7 0.872 36.2 53.5 5.127 6.575 0.914 0.511 0.492 44.1 3.7 0.914 36.9 54.5 4.975 6.261 0.834 0.469 0.452 43.8 3.6 0.834 35.1 55.5 5.205 6.590 0.913 0.514 0.495 43.7 3.7 0.913 34.1 56.5 4.996 6.265 0.917 0.511 0.496 44.3 2.9 0.917 27.7 57.5 5.580 7.151 1.109 0.618 0.598 44.3 3.2 1.109 29.4 58.5 4.623 6.078 0.970 0.627 0.523 35.4 16.6 0.970 33.3 59.5 5.261 6.511 0.785 0.436 0.418 44.5 4.1 0.785 37.2 60.5 4.448 5.736 0.836 0.463 0.445 44.6 3.9 0.836 35.1 61.5 4.055 5.377 0.794 0.438 0.423 44.8 3.4 0.794 39.9 62.5 5.007 6.610 1.005 0.561 0.538 44.2 4.1 1.005 37.3 63.5 4.475 5.815 0.884 0.490 0.474 44.6 3.3 0.884 34.0 64.5 4.261 5.861 1.128 0.628 0.608 44.3 3.2 1.128 29.5
89 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-7A.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD Content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 5.093 6.107 0.36 0.194 0.175 46.1 9.8 0.36 64.5 1.5 4.543 5.738 0.517 0.276 0.26 46.6 5.8 0.517 56.7 2.5 5.137 6.209 0.486 0.26 0.245 46.5 5.8 0.486 54.7 3.5 5.383 6.446 0.503 0.272 0.257 45.9 5.5 0.503 52.7 4.5 4.446 5.448 0.475 0.259 0.24 45.5 7.3 0.475 52.6 5.5 4.789 5.784 0.513 0.278 0.263 45.8 5.4 0.513 48.4 6.5 4.235 5.306 0.565 0.306 0.293 45.8 4.2 0.565 47.2 7.5 4.526 5.734 0.66 0.36 0.347 45.5 3.6 0.66 45.4 8.5 4.769 5.864 0.626 0.343 0.333 45.2 2.9 0.626 42.8 9.5 4.791 5.972 0.725 0.399 0.387 45.0 3.0 0.725 38.6 10.5 4.332 5.709 0.83 0.455 0.444 45.2 2.4 0.83 39.7 11.5 4.447 5.711 0.815 0.45 0.437 44.8 2.9 0.815 35.5 12.5 4.504 5.566 0.686 0.379 0.372 44.8 1.8 0.686 35.4 13.5 4.787 5.605 0.499 0.275 0.268 44.9 2.5 0.499 39.0 14.5 5.202 6.768 0.986 0.543 0.525 44.9 3.3 0.986 37.0 15.5 5.325 6.782 0.978 0.54 0.527 44.8 2.4 0.978 32.9 16.5 4.473 6.178 1.161 0.641 0.625 44.8 2.5 1.161 31.9 17.5 5.157 6.7 0.952 0.522 0.504 45.2 3.4 0.952 38.3 18.5 4.611 6.234 1.089 0.602 0.586 44.7 2.7 1.089 32.9 19.5 4.732 6.047 0.692 0.381 0.362 44.9 5.0 0.692 47.4 20.5 4.675 5.521 0.448 0.245 0.235 45.3 4.1 0.448 47.0 21.5 5.191 6.79 0.896 0.489 0.472 45.4 3.5 0.896 44.0 22.5 4.787 5.374 0.291 0.155 0.148 46.7 4.5 0.291 50.4 23.5 4.859 6.154 0.611 0.333 0.314 45.5 5.7 0.611 52.8 24.5 4.786 6.115 0.665 0.364 0.347 45.3 4.7 0.665 50.0 25.5 5.069 6.363 0.784 0.432 0.417 44.9 3.5 0.784 39.4 26.5 4.744 6.16 0.863 0.477 0.461 44.7 3.4 0.863 39.1 27.5 4.615 5.949 0.797 0.441 0.428 44.7 2.9 0.797 40.3 28.5 4.214 5.562 0.633 0.345 0.326 45.5 5.5 0.633 53.0 29.5 5.314 6.337 0.441 0.24 0.224 45.6 6.7 0.441 56.9 30.5 4.549 5.807 0.481 0.264 0.241 45.1 8.7 0.481 61.8 31.5 5.189 6.32 0.455 0.248 0.231 45.5 6.9 0.455 59.8 32.5 4.413 5.568 0.449 0.244 0.225 45.7 7.8 0.449 61.1 33.5 4.697 5.789 0.474 0.257 0.24 45.8 6.6 0.474 56.6 34.5 5.165 6.507 0.527 0.288 0.262 45.4 9.0 0.527 60.7 35.5 4.887 6.13 0.516 0.284 0.263 45.0 7.4 0.516 58.5 36.5 4.626 6.086 0.561 0.309 0.281 44.9 9.1 0.561 61.6 37.5 4.681 6.131 0.57 0.314 0.287 44.9 8.6 0.57 60.7 38.5 4.771 6.194 0.621 0.34 0.316 45.2 7.1 0.621 56.4 39.5 4.76 6.148 0.597 0.328 0.304 45.1 7.3 0.597 57.0 40.5 4.426 6.208 1.388 1.18 0.757 15.0 35.8 1.388 22.1 41.5 4.523 6.183 0.984 0.664 0.514 32.5 22.6 0.984 40.7 42.5 5.234 6.597 0.635 0.387 0.329 39.1 15.0 0.635 53.4 43.5 4.801 6.166 0.553 0.33 0.279 40.3 15.5 0.553 59.5 44.5 5.375 6.677 0.549 0.378 0.285 31.1 24.6 0.549 57.8 90 45.5 4.769 6.083 0.546 0.311 0.279 43.0 10.3 0.546 58.4 46.5 5.106 6.563 0.553 0.304 0.278 45.0 8.6 0.553 62.0 47.5 5.055 6.469 0.642 0.354 0.329 44.9 7.1 0.642 54.6 48.5 5.143 6.534 0.582 0.323 0.294 44.5 9.0 0.582 58.2 49.5 5.168 6.512 0.817 0.5 0.439 38.8 12.2 0.817 39.2 50.5 5.619 7.065 0.691 0.387 0.361 44.0 6.7 0.691 52.2 51.5 4.883 6.142 0.591 0.331 0.307 44.0 7.3 0.591 53.1 52.5 4.788 6.14 0.809 0.455 0.433 43.8 4.8 0.809 40.2 53.5 4.403 5.924 0.944 0.558 0.513 40.9 8.1 0.944 37.9 54.5 4.549 6.187 1.029 0.626 0.556 39.2 11.2 1.029 37.2 55.5 4.584 6.081 0.632 0.355 0.324 43.8 8.7 0.632 57.8 56.5 4.42 5.909 0.708 0.398 0.372 43.8 6.5 0.708 52.5 57.5 4.551 5.496 0.498 0.278 0.263 44.2 5.4 0.498 47.3 58.5 5.716 7.232 0.736 0.415 0.39 43.6 6.0 0.736 51.5 59.5 5.372 6.794 0.614 0.341 0.316 44.5 7.3 0.614 56.8 60.5 5.408 6.745 0.592 0.328 0.304 44.6 7.3 0.592 55.7 61.5 4.918 6.394 0.669 0.368 0.344 45.0 6.5 0.669 54.7 62.5 4.475 5.889 0.644 0.356 0.332 44.7 6.7 0.644 54.5 63.5 4.463 5.897 0.563 0.313 0.284 44.4 9.3 0.563 60.7 64.5 4.213 6.153 1.469 1.165 0.803 20.7 31.1 1.469 24.3 65.5 5.417 6.842 0.602 0.334 0.308 44.5 7.8 0.602 57.8 66.5 5.286 6.709 0.612 0.336 0.309 45.1 8.0 0.612 57.0 67.5 5.247 6.649 0.581 0.323 0.291 44.4 9.9 0.581 58.6 68.5 5.095 6.492 0.6 0.447 0.3 25.5 32.9 0.6 57.1 69.5 4.296 5.666 0.669 0.5 0.346 25.3 30.8 0.669 51.2 70.5 4.524 5.957 0.697 0.502 0.362 28.0 27.9 0.697 51.4 71.5 4.406 5.78 0.598 0.416 0.305 30.4 26.7 0.598 56.5 72.5 5.343 6.554 0.605 0.484 0.313 20.0 35.3 0.605 50.0 73.5 5.774 7.281 0.741 0.632 0.382 14.7 39.6 0.741 50.8
91 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-7B.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % wt % DBD content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) (%) 0.5 4.512 5.768 0.647 0.356 0.339 45.0 4.8 0.647 48.5 1.5 4.713 5.906 0.658 0.364 0.35 44.7 3.8 0.658 44.8 2.5 4.449 5.761 0.656 0.359 0.341 45.3 5.0 0.656 50.0 3.5 4.961 6.306 0.632 0.34 0.316 46.2 7.1 0.632 53.0 4.5 4.375 5.743 0.676 0.371 0.353 45.1 4.9 0.676 50.6 5.5 5.124 6.498 0.702 0.387 0.37 44.9 4.4 0.702 48.9 6.5 5.009 6.441 0.666 0.364 0.342 45.3 6.0 0.666 53.5 7.5 4.846 6.252 0.697 0.384 0.364 44.9 5.2 0.697 50.4 8.5 4.919 6.553 1.053 0.588 0.565 44.2 3.9 1.053 35.6 9.5 4.842 6.419 0.920 0.505 0.486 45.1 3.8 0.920 41.7 10.5 5.467 6.945 0.725 0.402 0.375 44.6 6.7 0.725 50.9 11.5 4.55 6.039 0.616 0.348 0.32 43.5 8.0 0.616 58.6 12.5 4.477 5.322 0.448 0.249 0.235 44.4 5.6 0.448 47.0 13.5 5.206 6.339 0.695 0.389 0.374 44.0 3.9 0.695 38.7 14.5 4.981 6.487 0.795 0.446 0.423 43.9 5.2 0.795 47.2 15.5 4.439 6.134 1.112 0.619 0.598 44.3 3.4 1.112 34.4 16.5 4.188 5.659 0.746 0.415 0.393 44.4 5.3 0.746 49.3 17.5 5.031 6.543 0.705 0.389 0.36 44.8 7.5 0.705 53.4 18.5 4.624 6.211 0.816 0.453 0.424 44.5 6.4 0.816 48.6 19.5 4.802 6.294 0.865 0.484 0.459 44.0 5.2 0.865 42.0 20.5 4.061 5.049 0.499 0.284 0.261 43.1 8.1 0.499 49.5 21.5 4.697 6.062 0.831 0.467 0.445 43.8 4.7 0.831 39.1 22.5 4.415 5.531 0.695 0.393 0.372 43.5 5.3 0.695 37.7 23.5 5.002 6.403 0.870 0.504 0.469 42.1 6.9 0.870 37.9 24.5 4.558 5.856 0.747 0.489 0.397 34.5 18.8 0.747 42.4 25.5 5.876 7.237 0.688 0.422 0.358 38.7 15.2 0.688 49.4 26.5 4.868 6.014 0.492 0.281 0.246 42.9 12.5 0.492 57.1 27.5 4.433 5.835 0.794 0.552 0.42 30.5 23.9 0.794 43.4 28.5 5.263 6.687 0.900 0.507 0.484 43.7 4.5 0.900 36.8 29.5 5.561 6.924 0.749 0.422 0.401 43.7 5.0 0.749 45.0 30.5 5.04 6.352 0.836 0.468 0.45 44.0 3.8 0.836 36.3 31.5 5.13 6.45 0.730 0.406 0.385 44.4 5.2 0.730 44.7 32.5 4.261 5.282 0.549 0.307 0.29 44.1 5.5 0.549 46.2 33.5 5.582 6.887 0.744 0.419 0.4 43.7 4.5 0.744 43.0 34.5 5.28 6.239 0.507 0.286 0.269 43.6 5.9 0.507 47.1 35.5 4.704 5.702 0.642 0.355 0.342 44.7 3.7 0.642 35.7 36.5 5.093 6.439 0.874 0.481 0.460 45.0 4.4 0.874 35.1 37.5 4.791 6.342 1.050 0.581 0.562 44.7 3.3 1.050 32.3 38.5 4.339 5.718 0.863 0.478 0.456 44.6 4.6 0.863 37.4 39.5 5.318 6.782 0.937 0.519 0.498 44.6 4.0 0.937 36.0 40.5 4.039 5.168 0.662 0.366 0.351 44.7 4.1 0.662 41.4 41.5 4.503 5.709 0.672 0.376 0.358 44.0 4.8 0.672 44.3 42.5 4.697 5.678 0.577 0.324 0.309 43.8 4.6 0.577 41.2 43.5 4.733 6.227 0.838 0.472 0.45 43.7 4.7 0.838 43.9 44.5 4.674 5.76 0.616 0.346 0.332 43.8 4.0 0.616 43.3 92 45.5 4.857 6.313 0.931 0.546 0.504 41.4 7.7 0.931 36.1 46.5 4.443 6.007 0.939 0.577 0.505 38.6 12.5 0.939 40.0 47.5 4.77 6.196 0.862 0.617 0.46 28.4 25.4 0.862 39.6 48.5 5.194 6.582 0.851 0.593 0.453 30.3 23.6 0.851 38.7
93 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-8.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD Content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) % 0.5 4.443 5.529 0.516 0.283 0.264 45.2 6.7 0.516 52.5 1.5 4.771 5.633 0.358 0.190 0.176 46.9 7.4 0.358 58.5 2.5 4.476 5.417 0.412 0.222 0.204 46.1 8.1 0.412 56.2 3.5 5.407 6.448 0.490 0.259 0.246 47.1 5.0 0.490 52.9 4.5 4.886 5.856 0.458 0.246 0.235 46.3 4.5 0.458 52.8 5.5 4.546 5.456 0.451 0.243 0.235 46.1 3.3 0.451 50.4 6.5 5.189 5.895 0.362 0.195 0.188 46.1 3.6 0.362 48.7 7.5 4.611 5.103 0.249 0.136 0.131 45.4 3.7 0.249 49.4 8.5 4.546 5.468 0.467 0.255 0.243 45.4 4.7 0.467 49.3 9.5 4.529 5.131 0.327 0.178 0.171 45.6 3.9 0.327 45.7 10.5 4.545 5.747 0.692 0.380 0.365 45.1 3.9 0.692 42.4 11.5 5.069 6.161 0.634 0.350 0.336 44.8 4.0 0.634 41.9 12.5 4.759 5.72 0.578 0.449 0.305 22.3 32.1 0.578 39.9 13.5 5.141 6.376 0.623 0.339 0.321 45.6 5.3 0.623 49.6 14.5 5.165 6.573 0.769 0.423 0.406 45.0 4.0 0.769 45.4 15.5 4.331 5.492 0.625 0.340 0.329 45.6 3.2 0.625 46.2 16.5 5.092 6.34 0.769 0.422 0.410 45.1 2.8 0.769 38.4 17.5 4.615 6.056 0.811 0.448 0.428 44.8 4.5 0.811 43.7 18.5 4.627 5.854 0.470 0.248 0.232 47.2 6.5 0.470 61.7 19.5 4.791 6.139 0.680 0.370 0.354 45.6 4.3 0.680 49.6 20.5 5.316 6.471 0.485 0.256 0.240 47.2 6.3 0.485 58.0 21.5 5.151 6.478 0.633 0.342 0.323 46.0 5.6 0.633 52.3 22.5 4.787 6.112 0.933 0.522 0.504 44.1 3.4 0.933 29.6 23.5 4.682 5.897 0.701 0.385 0.370 45.1 3.9 0.701 42.3 24.5 4.788 5.88 0.493 0.276 0.254 44.0 8.0 0.493 54.9 25.5 5.136 6.744 0.934 0.514 0.495 45.0 3.7 0.934 41.9 26.5 4.216 6.056 1.476 1.176 0.809 20.3 31.2 1.476 19.8 27.5 4.235 5.952 1.108 0.774 0.591 30.1 23.6 1.108 35.5 28.5 5.383 7.266 1.311 0.957 0.711 27.0 25.7 1.311 30.4 29.5 4.416 6.001 0.963 0.726 0.512 24.6 29.5 0.963 39.2 30.5 4.745 6.56 1.445 1.217 0.792 15.8 34.9 1.445 20.4 31.5 4.338 6.228 1.512 1.009 0.619 33.3 38.7 1.512 20.0 32.5 4.428 5.544 0.684 0.372 0.360 45.6 3.2 0.684 38.7 33.5 4.463 6.071 1.092 0.608 0.596 44.3 2.0 1.092 32.1 34.5 5.056 6.787 1.232 0.688 0.670 44.2 2.6 1.232 28.8 35.5 4.524 6.359 1.233 0.688 0.672 44.2 2.3 1.233 32.8 36.5 5.775 7.632 1.282 0.711 0.698 44.5 1.8 1.282 31.0 37.5 4.406 6.035 0.887 0.487 0.468 45.1 3.9 0.887 45.5 38.5 5.285 7.113 1.277 0.709 0.696 44.5 1.8 1.277 30.1 39.5 5.713 7.513 1.277 0.712 0.700 44.2 1.7 1.277 29.1 40.5 4.549 6.302 1.154 0.638 0.625 44.7 2.0 1.154 34.2 41.5 4.476 6.387 1.338 0.743 0.636 44.5 14.4 1.338 30.0 42.5 5.339 7.082 1.226 0.679 0.671 44.6 1.2 1.226 29.7 43.5 5.617 7.148 1.101 0.614 0.602 44.2 2.0 1.101 28.1 44.5 4.583 6.196 1.105 0.618 0.590 44.1 4.5 1.105 31.5 94 45.5 5.417 7.131 1.066 0.590 0.574 44.7 2.7 1.066 37.8 46.5 4.215 5.712 1.010 0.561 0.549 44.5 2.1 1.010 32.5 47.5 4.879 6.04 0.855 0.484 0.471 43.4 2.7 0.855 26.4 48.5 4.803 6.371 1.062 0.660 0.580 37.9 12.1 1.062 32.3 49.5 5.244 6.956 1.270 0.885 0.698 30.3 21.1 1.270 25.8 50.5 4.537 6.239 1.206 0.804 0.659 33.3 18.0 1.206 29.1
95 Loss on Ignition: BA08CP-9.
Wet 105º C 550º C 1000º C wt wt Water Sampled Crucible sample sample sample sample % % DBD Content (cm) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) OM CO3 (g/cc) % 0.5 4.514 5.527 0.457 0.245 0.233 46.4 4.9 0.457 54.9 1.5 4.367 5.164 0.382 0.208 0.196 45.5 5.8 0.382 52.1 2.5 5.561 6.627 0.516 0.279 0.261 45.9 6.5 0.516 51.6 3.5 4.431 5.658 0.627 0.343 0.325 45.3 5.2 0.627 48.9 4.5 4.447 5.661 0.621 0.342 0.322 44.9 5.8 0.621 48.8 5.5 4.554 5.554 0.556 0.305 0.293 45.1 3.9 0.556 44.4 6.5 4.058 5.07 0.570 0.316 0.299 44.6 5.4 0.570 43.7 7.5 4.702 5.868 0.634 0.348 0.330 45.1 5.2 0.634 45.6 8.5 4.187 5.301 0.667 0.366 0.353 45.1 3.6 0.667 40.1 9.5 4.411 5.813 0.731 0.400 0.381 45.3 4.8 0.731 47.9 10.5 4.699 5.829 0.467 0.254 0.236 45.6 7.1 0.467 58.7 11.5 5.197 6.619 0.819 0.448 0.432 45.3 3.6 0.819 42.4 12.5 4.621 5.502 0.513 0.281 0.271 45.2 3.6 0.513 41.8 13.5 4.736 5.832 0.659 0.363 0.352 44.9 3.0 0.659 39.9 14.5 4.553 5.745 0.755 0.415 0.405 45.0 2.4 0.755 36.7 15.5 4.262 6.063 1.031 0.567 0.544 45.0 4.1 1.031 42.8 16.5 4.504 5.814 0.592 0.319 0.300 46.1 6.0 0.592 54.8 17.5 4.04 5.114 0.435 0.234 0.218 46.2 6.8 0.435 59.5 18.5 4.375 5.601 0.834 0.457 0.444 45.2 2.8 0.834 32.0 19.5 4.771 6.129 0.890 0.491 0.477 44.8 2.9 0.890 34.5 20.5 4.475 5.475 0.688 0.393 0.370 42.9 5.9 0.688 31.2 21.5 4.441 5.807 0.917 0.505 0.493 44.9 2.4 0.917 32.9 22.5 4.996 5.999 0.472 0.261 0.244 44.7 6.5 0.472 52.9 23.5 5.257 6.361 0.493 0.268 0.248 45.6 7.5 0.493 55.3 24.5 5.467 6.639 0.500 0.275 0.254 45.0 7.6 0.500 57.3 25.5 4.952 6.006 0.405 0.221 0.203 45.4 8.1 0.405 61.6 26.5 4.865 6.054 0.502 0.341 0.254 32.1 25.5 0.502 57.8 27.5 4.858 5.805 0.422 0.276 0.213 34.6 22.8 0.422 55.4 28.5 4.711 5.775 0.698 0.540 0.372 22.6 31.1 0.698 34.4 29.5 4.849 6.551 1.299 0.722 0.711 44.4 1.5 1.299 23.7 30.5 4.981 6.135 0.594 0.322 0.309 45.8 4.0 0.594 48.5 31.5 5.207 6.24 0.596 0.329 0.317 44.8 3.6 0.596 42.3 32.5 5.12 6.7 0.952 0.529 0.510 44.4 3.6 0.952 39.7 33.5 5.319 6.394 0.481 0.263 0.247 45.3 6.1 0.481 55.3 34.5 5.122 5.876 0.368 0.200 0.189 45.7 5.5 0.368 51.2 35.5 4.691 5.736 0.563 0.309 0.297 45.1 3.9 0.563 46.1 36.5 5.01 5.652 0.308 0.169 0.159 45.1 5.9 0.308 52.0 37.5 4.923 5.43 0.234 0.127 0.118 45.7 7.1 0.234 53.8 38.5 5.177 5.801 0.362 0.201 0.191 44.5 5.0 0.362 42.0 39.5 4.84 5.467 0.305 0.169 0.158 44.6 6.5 0.305 51.4 40.5 4.445 5.036 0.263 0.142 0.134 46.0 5.6 0.263 55.5 41.5 5.028 5.793 0.360 0.196 0.187 45.6 4.6 0.360 52.9 42.5 4.802 5.328 0.249 0.134 0.128 46.2 4.5 0.249 52.7 43.5 4.676 5.817 0.581 0.318 0.305 45.3 4.1 0.581 49.1
96 44.5 5.278 6.63 0.799 0.441 0.427 44.8 3.2 0.799 40.9 45.5 5.22 6.34 0.609 0.334 0.318 45.2 4.8 0.609 45.6 46.5 5.582 6.743 0.598 0.332 0.314 44.5 5.4 0.598 48.5 47.5 5.377 6.468 0.593 0.328 0.311 44.7 5.2 0.593 45.6 48.5 5.041 5.916 0.541 0.304 0.290 43.8 4.6 0.541 38.2 49.5 4.916 5.991 0.719 0.403 0.390 43.9 3.2 0.719 33.1
97
APPENDIX C
GRAIN SIZE
Grain size: BA08CP-6A
D [4, 3] D [3, 2] specific volume surface Sample surface weighted weighted Sample Name depth Obscuration Concentration area mean mean d(0.10) d(0.50) d(0.90) BA08CP6A - 0.5cm 18.47 0.0759 0.0783 222.558 28.924 14.822 178.603 505.871 Average BA08CP6A - 1.5cm 18.39 0.083 0.0712 270.941 31.801 16.654 219.247 613.281 Average BA08CP6A 2.5cm 14.41 0.0551 0.0817 239.86 27.71 14.942 183.996 558.022 BA08CP6A 2.5cm 14.41 0.0542 0.0831 233.887 27.237 14.628 176.264 548.418 BA08CP6A - 2.5cm 14.41 0.0546 0.0824 236.874 27.471 14.783 180.103 553.233 Average BA08CP6A 3.5cm 14.86 0.0655 0.0713 274.994 31.76 17.154 216.692 628.863 BA08CP6A 3.5cm 14.86 0.0668 0.07 277.442 32.365 17.445 217.439 636.61 BA08CP6A - 3.5cm 14.86 0.0661 0.0706 276.218 32.06 17.299 217.066 632.759 Average BA08CP6A 4.5cm 13.06 0.0534 0.076 264.889 29.787 15.494 207 611.504 BA08CP6A 4.5cm 12.99 0.0491 0.0818 254.741 27.664 14.898 194.123 594.464 BA08CP6A - 4.5cm 13.03 0.0513 0.0789 259.815 28.687 15.189 200.475 603.237 Average BA08CP6A 5.5cm 13.07 0.0405 0.0994 248.333 22.782 12.537 172.641 606.224 BA08CP6A 5.5cm 12.93 0.039 0.102 233.625 22.216 12.14 159.255 572.835 BA08CP6A - 5.5cm 13 0.0397 0.101 240.979 22.495 12.334 165.739 590.089 Average BA08CP6A 6.5cm 13.9 0.0458 0.0939 232.168 24.122 13.704 171.794 549.07 BA08CP6A 6.5cm 13.86 0.0453 0.0946 229.751 23.928 13.541 164.531 551.83 BA08CP6A - 6.5cm 13.88 0.0456 0.0942 230.96 24.025 13.622 168.128 550.44 Average BA08CP6A 7.5cm 15.01 0.0501 0.0935 228.289 24.222 13.73 159.862 551.434 BA08CP6A 7.5cm 14.96 0.0491 0.095 222.022 23.844 13.448 151.992 538.879 BA08CP6A - 7.5cm 14.98 0.0496 0.0942 225.156 24.032 13.587 155.839 545.396 Average BA08CP6A 8.5cm 14.02 0.0595 0.0736 280.23 30.747 16.725 200.734 667.902 BA08CP6A 8.5cm 13.93 0.0537 0.0807 247.037 28.04 15.72 180.458 583.029 BA08CP6A - 8.5cm 13.97 0.0566 0.0772 263.633 29.331 16.205 189.973 626.238 Average BA08CP6A 9.5cm 13.76 0.0516 0.0828 234.843 27.338 15.571 170.067 555.271 BA08CP6A 9.5cm 13.69 0.051 0.0835 224.053 27.128 15.355 164.216 526.409 BA08CP6A - 9.5cm 13.72 0.0513 0.0831 229.448 27.233 15.462 167.058 541.063 Average BA08CP6A 10.5cm 13.84 0.0527 0.0815 248.961 27.77 15.989 184.233 583.428 BA08CP6A 10.5cm 13.76 0.0525 0.0813 245.115 27.833 15.96 182.157 572.295 BA08CP6A - 10.5cm 13.8 0.0526 0.0814 247.038 27.801 15.974 183.196 577.8 Average BA08CP6A 11.5cm 12.75 0.0412 0.0949 251.083 23.85 13.763 183.247 598.997 BA08CP6A 11.5cm 12.66 0.0408 0.0951 247.124 23.814 13.685 177.989 592.023 98 BA08CP6A - 11.5cm 12.7 0.041 0.095 249.103 23.832 13.724 180.609 595.482 Average BA08CP6A 12.5cm 15.1 0.0516 0.091 317.793 24.891 14.6 201.547 800.617 BA08CP6A 12.5cm 14.96 0.0483 0.0962 288.93 23.532 13.605 178.804 721.966 BA08CP6A - 12.5cm 15.03 0.0499 0.0936 303.361 24.192 14.082 189.875 762.414 Average BA08CP6A 13.5cm 14.61 0.0518 0.0875 327.052 25.878 15.492 205.653 830.004 BA08CP6A 13.5cm 14.57 0.0583 0.0777 365.342 29.125 16.959 232.061 941.693 BA08CP6A - 13.5cm 14.59 0.055 0.0826 346.197 27.406 16.194 218.292 887.455 Average BA08CP6A 14.5cm 15.23 0.0528 0.0895 366.999 25.291 15.163 231.838 958.441 BA08CP6A 14.5cm 15.11 0.0518 0.0906 349.211 24.981 14.847 222.13 902.922 BA08CP6A - 14.5cm 15.17 0.0523 0.0901 358.105 25.135 15.003 226.854 931.489 Average BA08CP6A 15.5cm 13.64 0.0532 0.0793 322.121 28.553 16.845 227.886 765.159 BA08CP6A 15.5cm 13.56 0.0554 0.0757 347.173 29.891 17.716 242.994 841.215 BA08CP6A - 15.5cm 13.6 0.0543 0.0775 334.647 29.206 17.271 235.275 802.704 Average BA08CP6A 16.5cm 13.5 0.0509 0.0819 349.411 27.657 16.094 244.499 854.012 BA08CP6A 16.5cm 13.42 0.0534 0.0776 382.807 29.177 17.074 262.955 967.622 BA08CP6A - 16.5cm 13.46 0.0521 0.0797 366.109 28.397 16.57 253.586 911.426 Average BA08CP6A 17.5cm 16.12 0.0797 0.0636 400.416 35.582 20.966 314.316 916.953 BA08CP6A 17.5cm 16.08 0.0823 0.0615 414.641 36.795 21.853 329.223 943.771 BA08CP6A - 17.5cm 16.1 0.081 0.0626 407.529 36.178 21.401 321.642 930.676 Average BA08CP6A 18.5cm 13.31 0.0611 0.0673 442.09 33.622 19.567 314.911 1104.092 BA08CP6A 18.5cm 13.15 0.0589 0.069 429.125 32.817 18.821 299.706 1082.516 BA08CP6A - 18.5cm 13.23 0.06 0.0682 435.607 33.214 19.185 307.265 1093.422 Average BA08CP6A 19.5cm 15.48 0.0815 0.0597 415.317 37.92 23.22 299.571 1008.495 BA08CP6A 19.5cm 15.4 0.0846 0.0572 452.047 39.569 24.336 326.102 1105.302 BA08CP6A - 19.5cm 15.44 0.0831 0.0585 433.682 38.727 23.767 312.155 1059.419 Average BA08CP6A 20.5cm 12.95 0.0733 0.0548 408.922 41.308 26.836 318.224 930.862 BA08CP6A 20.5cm 12.85 0.0804 0.0499 430.401 45.385 28.405 336.413 983.196 BA08CP6A - 20.5cm 12.9 0.0769 0.0523 419.662 43.25 27.606 327.138 957.502 Average BA08CP6A 21.5cm 15.25 0.0497 0.0952 374.675 23.785 13.785 245.99 962.749 BA08CP6A 21.5cm 15.14 0.0474 0.0991 354.739 22.857 13.094 221.631 924.619 BA08CP6A - 21.5cm 15.19 0.0485 0.0971 364.707 23.312 13.429 233.532 944.057 Average BA08CP6A 22.5cm 14.29 0.0617 0.0719 415.61 31.48 17.343 303.452 1020.235 BA08CP6A 22.5cm 14.17 0.059 0.0746 375.943 30.344 16.366 279.768 895.945 BA08CP6A - 22.5cm 14.23 0.0603 0.0733 395.777 30.902 16.836 291.142 960.397 Average BA08CP6A 23.5cm 17.85 0.0426 0.132 233.14 17.217 9.759 125.86 595.256 BA08CP6A 23.5cm 17.78 0.0408 0.137 216.775 16.566 9.342 112.576 547.899 BA08CP6A - 23.5cm 17.82 0.0417 0.134 224.957 16.885 9.545 118.943 572.351 Average BA08CP6A 24.5cm 17.86 0.0385 0.145 181.976 15.565 8.838 100.821 454.447 BA08CP6A 24.5cm 17.78 0.0379 0.147 166.638 15.376 8.721 94.447 427.168 BA08CP6A - 24.5cm 17.82 0.0382 0.146 174.307 15.47 8.779 97.539 440.424 Average BA08CP6A 25.5cm 17.36 0.0391 0.138 342.368 16.388 9.389 154.34 999.629 BA08CP6A 25.5cm 17.19 0.0379 0.141 304.913 16.06 9.158 140.093 856.158 BA08CP6A - 25.5cm 17.27 0.0385 0.14 323.64 16.222 9.272 146.994 930.205 Average BA08CP6A 26.5cm 17.83 0.036 0.155 216.186 14.614 8.539 89.936 597.083 BA08CP6A 26.5cm 17.8 0.0364 0.153 217.333 14.803 8.661 89.338 602.625 BA08CP6A - 26.5cm 17.82 0.0362 0.154 216.759 14.708 8.6 89.634 599.813 Average 99 BA08CP6A 27.5cm 17.89 0.0635 0.0891 300.374 25.421 15.973 173.158 769.688 BA08CP6A 27.5cm 18.45 0.0626 0.0935 264.741 24.223 15.017 154.14 668.961 BA08CP6A - 27.5cm 18.17 0.063 0.0913 282.557 24.808 15.476 163.151 718.414 Average BA08CP6A 28.5cm 17 0.0535 0.0993 353.32 22.8 13.469 239.522 879.78 BA08CP6A 28.5cm 17 0.0541 0.0983 336.229 23.036 13.56 242.189 803.688 BA08CP6A - 28.5cm 17 0.0538 0.0988 344.774 22.917 13.514 240.87 840.706 Average BA08CP6A 29.5cm 17.18 0.0514 0.104 291.724 21.693 12.814 194.867 700.293 BA08CP6A 29.5cm 17.36 0.0504 0.108 267.814 21.023 12.298 177.431 638.025 BA08CP6A - 29.5cm 17.27 0.0509 0.106 279.769 21.353 12.549 185.874 669.284 Average BA08CP6A 30.5cm 17.32 0.0386 0.141 191.489 16.111 9.055 101.066 486.705 BA08CP6A 30.5cm 17.3 0.0367 0.147 162.777 15.355 8.599 89.497 413.248 BA08CP6A - 30.5cm 17.31 0.0377 0.144 177.133 15.724 8.819 95.019 448.634 Average BA08CP6A 31.5cm 15.78 0.0469 0.105 239.283 21.578 12.777 133.43 605.081 BA08CP6A 31.5cm 15.71 0.0459 0.107 230.768 21.214 12.475 127.587 584.278 BA08CP6A - 31.5cm 15.75 0.0464 0.106 235.026 21.395 12.624 130.473 594.716 Average BA08CP6A 32.5cm 16.72 0.0501 0.105 214.14 21.573 12.459 124.109 529.465 BA08CP6A 32.5cm 16.86 0.0516 0.103 226.246 22.027 12.714 126.681 563.201 BA08CP6A - 32.5cm 16.79 0.0508 0.104 220.193 21.798 12.586 125.373 545.927 Average BA08CP6A 33.5cm 17.68 0.0607 0.0922 264.518 24.568 14.408 154.524 659.552 BA08CP6A 33.5cm 17.84 0.0586 0.0965 230.549 23.462 13.616 135.92 563.77 BA08CP6A - 33.5cm 17.76 0.0597 0.0943 247.534 24.002 13.996 144.706 611.487 Average BA08CP6A 34.5cm 15.16 0.0855 0.0575 289.331 39.363 18.09 167.039 741.533 BA08CP6A 34.5cm 15.42 0.0859 0.0583 291 38.825 17.754 159.536 768.898 BA08CP6A - 34.5cm 15.29 0.0857 0.0579 290.165 39.092 17.92 163.225 754.67 Average BA08CP6A 35.5cm 16.2 0.0801 0.0651 237.787 34.804 18.483 143.229 578.977 BA08CP6A 35.5cm 16.47 0.0779 0.0682 215.892 33.207 17.366 130.667 514.946 BA08CP6A - 35.5cm 16.33 0.079 0.0666 226.839 33.987 17.9 136.727 547.675 Average BA08CP6A 36.5cm 15.29 0.0645 0.0749 306.052 30.247 16.041 170.062 807.543 BA08CP6A 36.5cm 15.36 0.0641 0.0757 318.843 29.892 15.68 168.065 869.593 BA08CP6A - 36.5cm 15.33 0.0643 0.0753 312.447 30.069 15.857 169.087 838.587 Average BA08CP6A 37.5cm 17.01 0.0389 0.137 198.902 16.496 9.22 92.098 531.892 BA08CP6A 37.5cm 17.03 0.0376 0.142 179.408 15.934 8.916 84.373 485.194 BA08CP6A - 37.5cm 17.02 0.0383 0.14 189.155 16.21 9.065 88.111 507.571 Average BA08CP6A 38.5cm 17.87 0.0458 0.123 182.217 18.369 10.562 107.351 461.267 BA08CP6A 38.5cm 18.27 0.0434 0.133 150.726 16.994 9.816 90.159 379.381 BA08CP6A - 38.5cm 18.07 0.0446 0.128 166.472 17.655 10.17 98.241 420.039 Average BA08CP6A 39.5cm 17.81 0.0407 0.138 175.077 16.43 9.454 99.62 433.242 BA08CP6A 39.5cm 18.17 0.0388 0.148 146.481 15.33 8.849 84.211 360.172 BA08CP6A - 39.5cm 17.99 0.0397 0.143 160.779 15.861 9.138 91.405 396.579 Average BA08CP6A 40.5cm 18.58 0.0519 0.114 177.065 19.942 12.171 112.748 436.558 BA08CP6A 40.5cm 19.17 0.0501 0.122 163.963 18.57 11.316 99.584 394.677 BA08CP6A - 40.5cm 18.87 0.051 0.118 170.514 19.232 11.722 105.902 416.524 Average BA08CP6A 41.5cm 17.04 0.0318 0.168 161.733 13.506 7.895 79.316 426.38 BA08CP6A 41.5cm 17.04 0.0302 0.177 140.748 12.806 7.541 68.434 381.993 BA08CP6A - 41.5cm 17.04 0.031 0.172 151.241 13.147 7.713 73.587 404.433 Average BA08CP6A 42.5cm 17.31 0.0329 0.165 161.223 13.735 8.02 81.712 405.519
100 BA08CP6A 42.5cm 17.34 0.0308 0.177 126.307 12.825 7.544 68.567 324.497 BA08CP6A - 42.5cm 17.32 0.0319 0.171 143.765 13.264 7.773 74.682 363.163 Average BA08CP6A 43.5cm 17.96 0.053 0.107 222.554 21.125 12.451 133.262 551.359 BA08CP6A 43.5cm 18.32 0.0519 0.112 205.259 20.231 11.876 119.871 514.623 BA08CP6A - 43.5cm 18.14 0.0524 0.11 213.907 20.669 12.153 126.345 533.297 Average BA08CP6A 44.5cm 12.08 0.0836 0.0448 482.176 50.485 33.475 408.742 1012.014 BA08CP6A 44.5cm 12.1 0.0832 0.0452 487.736 50.139 32.723 411.661 1029.261 BA08CP6A - 44.5cm 12.09 0.0834 0.045 484.956 50.311 33.094 410.194 1020.717 Average BA08CP6A 45.5cm 17.85 0.0394 0.143 199.819 15.879 9.171 87.378 560.391 BA08CP6A 45.5cm 17.87 0.0398 0.141 232.088 16.002 9.219 87.567 730.088 BA08CP6A - 45.5cm 17.86 0.0396 0.142 215.953 15.94 9.195 87.471 645.246 Average BA08CP6A 46.5cm 17.62 0.0877 0.0643 315.845 35.208 19.351 197.452 789.152 BA08CP6A 46.5cm 18.74 0.077 0.0778 293.916 29.084 17.262 175.722 745.818 BA08CP6A - 46.5cm 18.18 0.0823 0.0711 304.88 31.854 18.229 186.384 767.863 Average BA08CP6A 47.5cm 19.02 0.0729 0.0834 264.914 27.145 16.448 160.08 657.67 BA08CP6A 47.5cm 20.11 0.0655 0.0987 215.601 22.949 14.432 133.263 519.388 BA08CP6A - 47.5cm 19.57 0.0692 0.091 240.258 24.871 15.359 146.017 586.845 Average BA08CP6A 48.5cm 14.25 0.0347 0.127 179.412 17.845 10.205 110.261 447.786 BA08CP6A 48.5cm 14.39 0.033 0.135 152.995 16.792 9.632 94.363 380.253 BA08CP6A - 48.5cm 14.32 0.0339 0.131 166.203 17.303 9.907 101.933 413.612 Average BA08CP6A 49.5cm 15.37 0.0546 0.0881 257.36 25.694 15.251 145.994 653.856 BA08CP6A 49.5cm 15.85 0.0506 0.0984 194.891 23.001 13.471 117.628 476.359 BA08CP6A - 49.5cm 15.61 0.0526 0.0933 226.125 24.273 14.289 130.667 561.056 Average BA08CP6A 50.5cm 15.26 0.0629 0.076 370.161 29.805 16.92 218.814 968.533 BA08CP6A 50.5cm 15.41 0.0553 0.087 326.82 26.034 15.09 182.563 860.818 BA08CP6A - 50.5cm 15.33 0.0591 0.0815 348.491 27.792 15.94 200.056 916.778 Average BA08CP6A 51.5cm 17.94 0.0979 0.0593 263.974 38.164 19.893 173.471 625.21 BA08CP6A 51.5cm 19.35 0.0896 0.0701 223.878 32.293 17.271 149.613 528.915 BA08CP6A - 51.5cm 18.64 0.0937 0.0647 243.926 34.984 18.48 161.061 576.213 Average BA08CP6A 52.5cm 19.04 0.0598 0.101 225.258 22.314 13.278 146.157 546.342 BA08CP6A 52.5cm 19.76 0.0589 0.107 197.278 21.079 12.534 130.067 482.24 BA08CP6A - 52.5cm 19.4 0.0593 0.104 211.268 21.679 12.891 137.817 513.869 Average BA08CP6A 53.5cm 18.16 0.0409 0.14 159.171 16.141 9.603 82.399 421.617 BA08CP6A 53.5cm 18.35 0.0412 0.141 160.387 16.081 9.552 81.388 427.481 BA08CP6A - 53.5cm 18.26 0.041 0.141 159.779 16.111 9.577 81.898 424.587 Average BA08CP6A 54.5cm 14.63 0.0501 0.0905 247.282 25.011 15.313 169.684 562.884 BA08CP6A 54.5cm 14.58 0.05 0.0905 270.657 25.014 15.095 171.697 645.592 BA08CP6A - 54.5cm 14.61 0.0501 0.0905 258.97 25.012 15.202 170.653 600.878 Average BA08CP6A 55.5cm 16.98 0.0576 0.0923 425.734 24.52 14.696 203.818 1236.682 BA08CP6A 55.5cm 16.98 0.0565 0.0942 419.092 24.039 14.259 193.824 1233.489 BA08CP6A - 55.5cm 16.98 0.0571 0.0933 422.413 24.277 14.473 198.824 1235.095 Average BA08CP6A 56.5cm 16.44 0.0872 0.0601 337.764 37.686 22.953 191.524 891.9 BA08CP6A 56.5cm 17.33 0.0814 0.0682 267.056 33.202 19.43 155.367 669.231 BA08CP6A - 56.5cm 16.88 0.0843 0.0641 302.41 35.302 21.024 171.899 785.252 Average BA08CP6A 57.5cm 14.83 0.1833 0.0264 583.36 85.603 52.503 493.888 1250.422 BA08CP6A 57.5cm 14.83 0.1811 0.0268 587.726 84.532 51.148 495.68 1263.314
101 BA08CP6A - 57.5cm 14.83 0.1822 0.0266 585.543 85.064 51.828 494.776 1256.932 Average BA08CP6A 58.5cm 18.25 0.0493 0.117 217.687 19.323 11.907 105.864 579.421 BA08CP6A 58.5cm 18.53 0.0477 0.123 203.128 18.373 11.262 95.284 548.449 BA08CP6A - 58.5cm 18.39 0.0485 0.12 210.408 18.836 11.573 100.405 564.116 Average BA08CP6A 59.5cm 17.06 0.0668 0.0809 246.469 27.999 17.202 163.624 580.586 BA08CP6A 59.5cm 17.9 0.0645 0.0882 214.774 25.668 15.507 143.364 507.785 BA08CP6A - 59.5cm 17.48 0.0656 0.0845 230.621 26.783 16.298 153.082 544.085 Average BA08CP6A 60.5cm 16.58 0.0555 0.0937 246.478 24.17 14.196 166.676 592.576 BA08CP6A 60.5cm 16.82 0.0516 0.102 242.117 22.135 13.435 155.49 588.425 BA08CP6A - 60.5cm 16.7 0.0536 0.098 244.297 23.108 13.803 160.993 590.601 Average BA08CP6A 61.5cm 16.14 0.0712 0.0714 346.577 31.732 19.305 234.672 839.772 BA08CP6A 61.5cm 17.01 0.0651 0.0824 307.966 27.487 16.915 197.797 755.943 BA08CP6A - 61.5cm 16.58 0.0681 0.0769 327.271 29.458 18.019 215.196 799.497 Average BA08CP6A 62.5cm 16.36 0.0472 0.108 210.247 20.878 12.973 129.088 512.825 BA08CP6A 62.5cm 17.3 0.0468 0.116 201.8 19.453 12.047 113.849 482.492 BA08CP6A - 62.5cm 16.83 0.047 0.112 206.024 20.14 12.487 121.213 498.997 Average BA08CP6A 63.5cm 17.37 0.0679 0.0811 230.142 27.915 16.914 169.646 518.365 BA08CP6A 63.5cm 18.16 0.0594 0.0972 181.702 23.305 14.507 139.685 412.594 BA08CP6A - 63.5cm 17.77 0.0637 0.0891 205.922 25.403 15.602 153.747 463.638 Average BA08CP6A 64.5cm 17.49 0.0629 0.0881 215.135 25.697 15.497 147.967 491.829 BA08CP6A 64.5cm 18.09 0.0603 0.0954 187.842 23.728 14.085 130.683 425.474 BA08CP6A - 64.5cm 17.79 0.0616 0.0918 201.488 24.674 14.747 139.047 458.022 Average BA08CP6A 65.5cm 18.33 0.0952 0.0621 273.313 36.473 21.356 192.901 624.868 BA08CP6A 65.5cm 19.01 0.0927 0.0663 249.167 34.156 19.558 177.063 565.072 BA08CP6A - 65.5cm 18.67 0.0939 0.0642 261.24 35.277 20.41 184.776 594.798 Average BA08CP6A 66.5cm 17.64 0.0608 0.0918 243.942 24.658 14.638 143.71 609.944 BA08CP6A 66.5cm 18.13 0.0606 0.095 240.77 23.842 14.06 134.168 612.32 BA08CP6A - 66.5cm 17.88 0.0607 0.0934 242.356 24.243 14.34 138.87 611.072 Average BA08CP6A 68.5cm 16.27 0.0408 0.125 178.673 18.16 10.405 102.949 448.097 BA08CP6A 68.5cm 16.39 0.0391 0.131 156.979 17.25 9.904 90.402 391.625 BA08CP6A - 68.5cm 16.33 0.04 0.128 167.826 17.693 10.146 96.346 420.004 Average BA08CP6A 67.5cm 17.83 0.1813 0.0332 347.045 68.165 31.695 241.093 813.903 BA08CP6A 67.5cm 19.23 0.1672 0.039 298.022 58.043 26.378 202.924 694.329 BA08CP6A - 67.5cm 18.53 0.1742 0.0361 322.533 62.698 28.792 221.107 755.655 Average
102 Grain size: BA08CP-6B.
D [4, 3] D [3, 2] specific volume surface Sample surface weighted weighted Sample Name depth Obscuration Concentration area mean mean d(0.10) d(0.50) d(0.90) BA08CP6B 0.5cm 14.64 0.0483 0.0943 275.585 24 14.001 141.397 728.515 BA08CP6B - Average 0.5cm 14.67 0.0483 0.0946 266.308 23.939 14.038 140.709 692.444 BA08CP6B 1.5cm 14.72 0.0332 0.137 198.806 16.49 9.623 86.798 556.501 BA08CP6B 1.5cm 14.56 0.0332 0.136 214.103 16.709 9.694 87.58 608.323 BA08CP6B - Average 1.5cm 14.64 0.0332 0.136 206.454 16.599 9.659 87.184 581.755 BA08CP6B 2.5cm 13.43 0.0464 0.0892 356.372 25.388 14.68 242.966 893.472 BA08CP6B 2.5cm 13.35 0.0496 0.0832 360.168 27.218 14.985 255.734 884.146 BA08CP6B - Average 2.5cm 13.39 0.048 0.0862 358.27 26.271 14.832 249.278 888.663 BA08CP6B 3.5cm 16.87 0.0444 0.119 321.776 19.012 11.081 148.694 884.79 BA08CP6B 3.5cm 16.83 0.0449 0.117 352.029 19.292 11.165 164.547 991.362 BA08CP6B - Average 3.5cm 16.85 0.0447 0.118 336.902 19.151 11.123 156.272 939.004 BA08CP6B 4.5cm 17.05 0.0741 0.0727 434.813 31.128 17.926 282.594 1123.192 BA08CP6B 4.5cm 17.05 0.0621 0.0865 340.687 26.19 15.332 224.24 846.294 BA08CP6B - Average 4.5cm 17.05 0.0681 0.0796 387.75 28.446 16.514 251.368 993.939 BA08CP6B 5.5cm 18.62 0.0632 0.0937 291.148 24.167 14.21 177.547 728.989 BA08CP6B 5.5cm 18.55 0.0648 0.0909 340.384 24.913 14.502 195.603 904.362 BA08CP6B - Average 5.5cm 18.59 0.064 0.0923 315.766 24.534 14.355 186.195 813.401 BA08CP6B 6.5cm 19.03 0.0784 0.0781 283.514 29 16.818 166.745 716.604 BA08CP6B 6.5cm 19.78 0.0802 0.0796 313.185 28.457 16.344 175.979 829.09 BA08CP6B - Average 6.5cm 19.41 0.0793 0.0788 298.349 28.726 16.578 171.173 771.263 BA08CP6B 7.5cm 16.49 0.1196 0.046 285.514 49.215 20.601 164.858 727.163 BA08CP6B 7.5cm 17.56 0.069 0.0813 234.213 27.854 16.413 136.237 577.058 BA08CP6B - Average 7.5cm 17.03 0.0943 0.0636 259.864 35.574 18.31 150.1 648.007 BA08CP6B 8.5cm 18.53 0.1306 0.0478 311.61 47.401 19.771 175.277 821.87 BA08CP6B 8.5cm 19.63 0.0792 0.08 274.955 28.286 16.513 155.477 701.928 BA08CP6B - Average 8.5cm 19.08 0.1049 0.0639 293.282 35.43 18.029 165.386 759.975 BA08CP6B 9.5cm 18.3 0.0973 0.0609 298.762 37.168 19.721 175.152 761.201 BA08CP6B 9.5cm 19.57 0.0828 0.0763 277.281 29.681 17.414 158.743 708.292 BA08CP6B - Average 9.5cm 18.93 0.0901 0.0686 288.021 33.005 18.497 166.818 734.697 BA08CP6B 10.5cm 17.44 0.0864 0.0647 325.197 35.02 19.542 189.444 842.425 BA08CP6B 10.5cm 18.27 0.0759 0.0769 300.128 29.448 17.628 172.912 769.685 BA08CP6B - Average 10.5cm 17.86 0.0812 0.0708 312.663 31.993 18.529 181.087 805.918 BA08CP6B 11.5cm 18.82 0.1631 0.039 419.77 58.007 23.661 268.75 1072.619 BA08CP6B 11.5cm 19.79 0.1664 0.0404 428.125 56.02 22.426 274.931 1097.931 BA08CP6B - Average 11.5cm 19.3 0.1647 0.0397 423.947 56.996 23.028 271.8 1085.4 BA08CP6B 12.5cm 17.11 0.1457 0.0395 326.623 57.383 23.765 198.863 822.331 BA08CP6B 12.5cm 18.67 0.1428 0.0442 303.246 51.217 20.99 178.388 769.894 BA08CP6B - Average 12.5cm 17.89 0.1442 0.0418 314.934 54.125 22.276 188.466 795.973 BA08CP6B 13.5cm 19.66 0.1497 0.0444 314.709 50.95 21.512 198.09 778.028 BA08CP6B 13.5cm 21.13 0.1068 0.0649 290.952 34.866 18.551 175.181 727.109 103 BA08CP6B - Average 13.5cm 20.39 0.1283 0.0547 302.831 41.401 19.937 186.332 753.589 BA08CP6B 14.5cm 18.01 0.0546 0.104 259.34 21.691 11.928 144.776 666.541 BA08CP6B 14.5cm 18.43 0.0498 0.117 210.488 19.296 11.033 119.167 536.258 BA08CP6B - Average 14.5cm 18.22 0.0522 0.111 234.914 20.423 11.458 131.033 600.258 BA08CP6B 15.5cm 19.51 0.136 0.0486 252.313 46.604 19.257 161.582 603.418 BA08CP6B 15.5cm 20.59 0.0931 0.0724 222.303 31.283 16.596 140.924 531.487 BA08CP6B - Average 15.5cm 20.05 0.1145 0.0605 237.308 37.437 17.845 150.837 567.909 BA08CP6B 16.5cm 14.86 0.0813 0.0574 473.687 39.469 21.061 416.425 1040.216 BA08CP6B 16.5cm 14.9 0.0838 0.0558 485.443 40.55 21.284 441.005 1033.297 BA08CP6B - Average 16.5cm 14.88 0.0826 0.0566 479.565 40.002 21.173 428.991 1036.631 BA08CP6B 17.5cm 17.44 0.0837 0.0669 240.7 33.846 18.739 152.396 574.337 BA08CP6B 17.5cm 18.09 0.0796 0.0732 216.061 30.92 16.939 133.892 514.883 BA08CP6B - Average 17.5cm 17.77 0.0817 0.0701 228.381 32.317 17.781 142.855 544.928 BA08CP6B 18.5cm 16.08 0.0337 0.149 147.035 15.223 9.634 80.673 380.618 BA08CP6B 18.5cm 16.05 0.0315 0.159 124.924 14.255 9.046 69.449 321.727 BA08CP6B - Average 18.5cm 16.07 0.0326 0.154 135.98 14.723 9.328 74.713 351.337 BA08CP6B 19.5cm 17.82 0.0472 0.119 196.898 19.014 11.075 112.155 489.83 BA08CP6B 19.5cm 18.06 0.0451 0.126 173.456 17.906 10.442 98.469 429.364 BA08CP6B - Average 19.5cm 17.94 0.0462 0.123 185.177 18.443 10.746 105.038 459.797 BA08CP6B 20.5cm 19.03 0.1554 0.0415 299.744 54.594 23.019 193.476 722.365 BA08CP6B 20.5cm 20.96 0.1476 0.0485 244.971 46.654 19.454 159.087 582.669 BA08CP6B - Average 20.5cm 19.99 0.1515 0.045 272.357 50.313 21.052 175.358 650.743 BA08CP6B 21.5cm 17.31 0.1393 0.0416 292.546 54.373 23.768 188.511 700.967 BA08CP6B 21.5cm 18.66 0.0911 0.0663 236.206 34.142 18.866 152.262 561.019 BA08CP6B - Average 21.5cm 17.98 0.1152 0.054 264.376 41.945 21.052 169.252 629.895 BA08CP6B 22.5cm 15.05 0.0776 0.0612 265.764 36.968 20.744 207.758 582.655 BA08CP6B 22.5cm 15.08 0.0768 0.0621 271.519 36.458 19.904 210.059 591.709 BA08CP6B - Average 22.5cm 15.06 0.0772 0.0617 268.642 36.712 20.311 208.909 587.098 BA08CP6B 23.5cm 17.44 0.0608 0.0909 232.364 24.911 14.676 137.397 571.571 BA08CP6B 23.5cm 18.11 0.0558 0.103 190.158 21.945 13.462 116.141 465.391 BA08CP6B - Average 23.5cm 17.78 0.0583 0.097 211.261 23.334 14.033 126.164 516.549 BA08CP6B 24.5cm 16.12 0.1459 0.0367 305.838 61.741 29.818 225.988 676.811 BA08CP6B 24.5cm 16.43 0.141 0.0387 298.727 58.503 27.039 219.652 663.856 BA08CP6B - Average 24.5cm 16.27 0.1434 0.0377 302.283 60.078 28.357 222.835 670.392 BA08CP6B 25.5cm 15.78 0.1396 0.0376 292.898 60.244 27.157 214.413 650.239 BA08CP6B 25.5cm 16.17 0.1345 0.04 279.98 56.673 25.235 211.355 618.902 BA08CP6B - Average 25.5cm 15.97 0.137 0.0388 286.439 58.404 26.158 212.881 633.89 BA08CP6B 26.5cm 16.16 0.0717 0.0718 204.361 31.515 17.993 128.172 492.11 BA08CP6B 26.5cm 16.44 0.0696 0.0754 178.296 30.013 17.022 117.422 424.949 BA08CP6B - Average 26.5cm 16.3 0.0707 0.0736 191.328 30.746 17.488 122.647 457.216 BA08CP6B 27.5cm 15.61 0.0493 0.0994 171.32 22.783 15.4 99.832 405.355 BA08CP6B 27.5cm 15.86 0.0473 0.105 141.219 21.483 14.425 89.129 335.784 BA08CP6B - Average 27.5cm 15.73 0.0483 0.102 156.269 22.114 14.891 94.265 368.597 BA08CP6B 28.5cm 18.62 0.0297 0.197 109.642 11.487 7.071 52.494 275.996 BA08CP6B 28.5cm 18.53 0.0293 0.199 107.231 11.388 7.004 50.682 273.856
104 BA08CP6B - Average 28.5cm 18.57 0.0295 0.198 108.437 11.438 7.037 51.571 274.955 BA08CP6B 29.5cm 16.58 0.0426 0.122 176.678 18.512 11.193 89.455 442.593 BA08CP6B 29.5cm 16.64 0.041 0.128 158.027 17.731 10.707 80.696 383.049 BA08CP6B - Average 29.5cm 16.61 0.0418 0.125 167.352 18.113 10.943 84.876 413.207 BA08CP6B 30.5cm 16.91 0.0438 0.121 184.016 18.704 11.492 101.891 449.437 BA08CP6B 30.5cm 17 0.0416 0.128 150.344 17.625 10.731 89.955 367.484 BA08CP6B - Average 30.5cm 16.95 0.0427 0.125 167.18 18.149 11.095 95.646 406.226 BA08CP6B 31.5cm 15.46 0.0874 0.0576 255.803 39.314 18.386 147.695 651.986 BA08CP6B 31.5cm 15.9 0.0832 0.0621 258.192 36.489 17.13 142.133 670.84 BA08CP6B - Average 31.5cm 15.68 0.0853 0.0598 256.997 37.849 17.733 144.922 661.1 BA08CP6B 32.5cm 16.16 0.0451 0.112 213.006 20.233 12.646 117.349 566.703 BA08CP6B 32.5cm 16.27 0.0427 0.119 190.652 19.001 11.676 106.143 504.641 BA08CP6B - Average 32.5cm 16.22 0.0439 0.116 201.829 19.597 12.137 111.557 536.102 BA08CP6B 33.5cm 18.35 0.0685 0.0855 207.664 26.491 16.44 133.159 507.974 BA08CP6B 33.5cm 19.57 0.0625 0.1 194.125 22.572 14.44 120.134 484.631 BA08CP6B - Average 33.5cm 18.96 0.0655 0.0929 200.894 24.375 15.377 126.528 496.451 BA08CP6B 34.5cm 18.05 0.0433 0.131 179.684 17.251 10.977 94.259 477.425 BA08CP6B 34.5cm 18.17 0.043 0.133 190.52 17.003 10.677 91.095 523.658 BA08CP6B - Average 34.5cm 18.11 0.0431 0.132 185.102 17.126 10.824 92.674 499.036 BA08CP6B 35.5cm 15.71 0.0363 0.134 192.215 16.868 10.53 96.717 524.756 BA08CP6B 35.5cm 15.57 0.0339 0.142 168.629 15.916 9.775 85.799 465.135 BA08CP6B - Average 35.5cm 15.64 0.0351 0.138 180.422 16.378 10.134 90.985 495.141 BA08CP6B 36.5cm 16.95 0.0499 0.107 196.529 21.212 13.855 117.683 497.426 BA08CP6B 36.5cm 17.18 0.0494 0.11 200.709 20.665 13.285 112.84 513.123 BA08CP6B - Average 36.5cm 17.07 0.0496 0.108 198.619 20.935 13.562 115.234 504.805 BA08CP6B 37.5cm 15.33 0.0573 0.0842 207.004 26.887 15.895 126.995 517.61 BA08CP6B 37.5cm 15.28 0.0513 0.0934 193.997 24.237 14.647 113.371 484.548 BA08CP6B - Average 37.5cm 15.31 0.0543 0.0888 200.5 25.493 15.239 119.945 501.914 BA08CP6B 38.5cm 17.3 0.0444 0.123 178.101 18.471 11.689 89.426 494.057 BA08CP6B 38.5cm 17.48 0.0452 0.122 200.302 18.56 11.626 89.695 566.712 BA08CP6B - Average 38.5cm 17.39 0.0448 0.122 189.201 18.515 11.657 89.558 528.346 BA08CP6B 39.5cm 17.01 0.0583 0.0921 253.328 24.594 15.52 125.174 692.151 BA08CP6B 39.5cm 17.18 0.0552 0.0984 216.23 23.013 14.19 110.508 576.688 BA08CP6B - Average 39.5cm 17.1 0.0567 0.0952 234.779 23.777 14.816 117.525 632.69 BA08CP6B 40.5cm 17.62 0.0457 0.122 182.138 18.617 11.933 91.175 505.394 BA08CP6B 40.5cm 17.67 0.045 0.124 187.277 18.263 11.524 86.811 532.982 BA08CP6B - Average 40.5cm 17.64 0.0453 0.123 184.708 18.439 11.722 88.97 518.845 BA08CP6B 41.5cm 14.56 0.0428 0.105 225.309 21.49 13.517 107.72 623.509 BA08CP6B 41.5cm 14.52 0.0425 0.106 229.223 21.383 13.195 104.661 653.926 BA08CP6B - Average 41.5cm 14.54 0.0427 0.106 227.266 21.437 13.351 106.194 639.442 BA08CP6B 42.5cm 16.19 0.0528 0.0965 216.79 23.47 14.594 103.393 604.804 BA08CP6B 42.5cm 16.5 0.0536 0.097 222.945 23.334 14.338 105.452 615.913 BA08CP6B - Average 42.5cm 16.34 0.0532 0.0968 219.868 23.402 14.464 104.393 610.305 BA08CP6B 43.5cm 14.02 0.032 0.135 193.054 16.809 10.539 87.83 544.58 BA08CP6B 43.5cm 13.77 0.031 0.137 182.261 16.585 10.252 83.778 528.065
105 BA08CP6B - Average 43.5cm 13.89 0.0315 0.136 187.657 16.696 10.391 85.78 535.769 BA08CP6B 44.5cm 12.48 0.0256 0.148 189.809 15.276 9.328 89.628 538.881 BA08CP6B 44.5cm 12.28 0.0255 0.146 205.08 15.461 9.345 90.898 579.917 BA08CP6B - Average 44.5cm 12.38 0.0255 0.147 197.444 15.367 9.337 90.248 557.627 BA08CP6B 45.5cm 11.83 0.0313 0.114 327.442 19.803 12.545 183.894 864.387 BA08CP6B 45.5cm 11.61 0.0285 0.123 293.822 18.425 11.332 156.922 784.646 BA08CP6B - Average 45.5cm 11.72 0.0299 0.119 310.632 19.089 11.903 169.584 825.245 BA08CP6B 46.5cm 13.75 0.0385 0.11 230.132 20.607 13.421 121.786 608.905 BA08CP6B 46.5cm 13.76 0.0353 0.12 207.167 18.89 11.891 105.964 555.034 BA08CP6B - Average 46.5cm 13.75 0.0369 0.115 218.649 19.711 12.6 113.647 581.766 BA08CP6B 47.5cm 16.11 0.046 0.11 242.043 20.669 13.253 118.103 661.344 BA08CP6B 47.5cm 16.31 0.0452 0.113 247.306 20.048 12.73 117.39 681.198 BA08CP6B - Average 47.5cm 16.21 0.0456 0.111 244.674 20.354 12.987 117.754 671.517 BA08CP6B 48.5cm 16.27 0.0367 0.137 204.785 16.469 10.662 103.158 546.954 BA08CP6B 48.5cm 16.32 0.035 0.145 202.374 15.641 9.891 96.756 545.854 BA08CP6B - Average 48.5cm 16.29 0.0358 0.141 203.579 16.044 10.261 99.948 546.435 BA08CP6B 49.5cm 17.27 0.0309 0.174 215.993 13.026 7.974 95.456 605.162 BA08CP6B 49.5cm 17.17 0.0297 0.18 194.589 12.613 7.606 90.986 532.842 BA08CP6B - Average 49.5cm 17.22 0.0303 0.177 205.291 12.816 7.785 93.212 567.525 BA08CP6B 50.5cm 18.85 0.0329 0.18 186.477 12.602 7.624 93.434 505.117 BA08CP6B 50.5cm 18.76 0.0336 0.175 228.643 12.947 7.797 99.822 641.384 BA08CP6B - Average 50.5cm 18.8 0.0332 0.177 207.56 12.773 7.71 96.498 568.735 BA08CP6B 51.5cm 14.4 0.029 0.153 216.127 14.82 9.345 100.646 620.413 BA08CP6B 51.5cm 14.44 0.0298 0.148 236.604 15.255 9.155 104.963 693.455 BA08CP6B - Average 51.5cm 14.42 0.0294 0.151 226.366 15.034 9.249 102.711 656.668 BA08CP6B 52.5cm 16.05 0.0306 0.163 192.325 13.932 8.645 90.05 538.391 BA08CP6B 52.5cm 16.1 0.0292 0.171 176.462 13.244 8.086 83.461 495.407 BA08CP6B - Average 52.5cm 16.08 0.0299 0.167 184.393 13.579 8.356 86.713 516.359 BA08CP6B 53.5cm 15.47 0.0372 0.129 206.652 17.582 11.028 103.372 569.559 BA08CP6B 53.5cm 15.52 0.0344 0.14 181.048 16.218 9.977 91.625 504.176 BA08CP6B - Average 53.5cm 15.49 0.0358 0.134 193.85 16.872 10.474 97.327 536.313 BA08CP6B 54.5cm 14.76 0.0267 0.17 140.86 13.316 8.331 73.363 354.189 BA08CP6B 54.5cm 14.66 0.026 0.173 134.678 13.064 8.077 68.917 348.466 BA08CP6B - Average 54.5cm 14.71 0.0264 0.172 137.769 13.189 8.201 71.118 351.21 BA08CP6B 55.5cm 15.02 0.0383 0.121 248.984 18.64 11.882 110.357 712.984 BA08CP6B 55.5cm 14.95 0.0372 0.124 234.042 18.213 11.409 106.845 655.376 BA08CP6B - Average 55.5cm 14.99 0.0377 0.123 241.513 18.424 11.64 108.623 682.21 BA08CP6B 56.5cm 14.86 0.0286 0.159 279.123 14.241 8.668 146.762 760.226 BA08CP6B 56.5cm 14.74 0.0296 0.153 305.805 14.823 8.923 166.017 820.63 BA08CP6B - Average 56.5cm 14.8 0.0291 0.156 292.464 14.526 8.794 155.943 791.538 BA08CP6B 57.5cm 12.96 0.0235 0.168 192.177 13.505 8.405 82.319 550.568 BA08CP6B 57.5cm 12.89 0.0242 0.162 203.658 13.989 8.371 82.53 592.08 BA08CP6B - Average 57.5cm 12.93 0.0239 0.165 197.917 13.743 8.388 82.422 571.185 BA08CP6B 58.5cm 13.06 0.027 0.147 184.016 15.36 9.523 83.874 526.949 BA08CP6B 58.5cm 13.07 0.0268 0.149 191.313 15.193 9.319 80.403 559.276
106 BA08CP6B - Average 58.5cm 13.07 0.0269 0.148 187.664 15.276 9.419 82.133 542.331 BA08CP6B 59.5cm 14.31 0.0275 0.159 205.076 14.203 8.458 83.166 617.054 BA08CP6B 59.5cm 14.26 0.0272 0.161 187.499 14.076 8.333 80.103 547.315 BA08CP6B - Average 59.5cm 14.28 0.0273 0.16 196.287 14.139 8.395 81.615 581.93 BA08CP6B 60.5cm 14.22 0.0283 0.154 201.637 14.712 8.891 85.629 569.434 BA08CP6B 60.5cm 14.13 0.028 0.155 192.668 14.634 8.771 82.536 547.741 BA08CP6B - Average 60.5cm 14.17 0.0282 0.154 197.152 14.673 8.831 84.059 558.332 BA08CP6B 61.5cm 11.53 0.0224 0.156 193.921 14.54 8.687 80.716 577.357 BA08CP6B 61.5cm 11.39 0.0218 0.158 169.884 14.338 8.502 75.506 489.492 BA08CP6B - Average 61.5cm 11.46 0.0221 0.157 181.903 14.438 8.593 78.036 532.598 BA08CP6B 62.5cm 13.15 0.0282 0.143 161.692 15.887 9.876 86.815 424.391 BA08CP6B 62.5cm 12.86 0.0268 0.146 153.847 15.483 9.473 79.761 413.07 BA08CP6B - Average 62.5cm 13.01 0.0275 0.144 157.77 15.683 9.667 83.194 418.808 BA08CP6B 63.5cm 14.02 0.0237 0.181 139.139 12.505 7.774 67.659 386.844 BA08CP6B 63.5cm 13.78 0.0252 0.167 169.618 13.557 8.21 72.101 499.105 BA08CP6B - Average 63.5cm 13.9 0.0244 0.174 154.378 13.01 7.989 69.785 441.149
107 Grain size: BA08CP-7A.
D [4, 3] D [3, 2] specific volume surface Sample surface weighted weighted Sample Name depth Obscuration Concentration area mean mean d(0.10) d(0.50) d(0.90) BA08CP7A 0.5cm 17.72 0.067 0.084 256.79 26.926 14.507 185.72 612.202 BA08CP7A 0.5cm 17.8 0.0679 0.083 253.529 27.14 14.634 182.025 606.766 BA08CP7A - 0.5cm 17.76 0.0675 0.084 255.16 27.032 14.571 183.826 609.511 Average BA08CP7A 1.5cm 12.61 0.0291 0.132 203.511 17.125 9.616 110.839 535.185 BA08CP7A 1.5cm 12.54 0.0294 0.130 200.589 17.373 9.741 110.016 519.106 BA08CP7A - 1.5cm 12.57 0.0293 0.131 202.05 17.248 9.678 110.422 527.262 Average BA08CP7A 2.5cm 14.25 0.041 0.107 236.423 21.069 12.021 132.397 602.141 BA08CP7A 2.5cm 14.23 0.0418 0.105 233.26 21.494 12.262 134.262 589.834 BA08CP7A - 2.5cm 14.24 0.0414 0.106 234.842 21.279 12.14 133.322 595.659 Average BA08CP7A 3.5cm 14.67 0.0333 0.136 188.427 16.623 9.584 94.233 505.887 BA08CP7A 3.5cm 14.66 0.0355 0.128 231.477 17.703 10.226 105.742 630.174 BA08CP7A - 3.5cm 14.67 0.0344 0.132 209.952 17.146 9.894 99.701 560.371 Average BA08CP7A 4.5cm 11.9 0.0347 0.104 241.48 21.67 12.582 141.719 604.853 BA08CP7A 4.5cm 11.8 0.0351 0.102 246.702 22.102 12.816 141.946 628.827 BA08CP7A - 4.5cm 11.85 0.0349 0.103 244.091 21.884 12.698 141.832 617.259 Average BA08CP7A 5.5cm 17.59 0.0361 0.152 202.353 14.856 8.434 89.062 544.247 BA08CP7A 5.5cm 17.55 0.0362 0.152 201.277 14.921 8.463 87.274 534.981 BA08CP7A - 5.5cm 17.57 0.0362 0.152 201.815 14.889 8.448 88.158 539.771 Average BA08CP7A 6.5cm 13.94 0.0315 0.136 212.093 16.662 9.73 100.676 558.966 BA08CP7A 6.5cm 13.88 0.0331 0.129 243.065 17.57 10.276 108.925 655.712 BA08CP7A - 6.5cm 13.91 0.0323 0.132 227.579 17.104 9.996 104.633 603.539 Average BA08CP7A 7.5cm 13.19 0.0341 0.118 243.377 19.116 11.424 133.76 624.007 BA08CP7A 7.5cm 13.13 0.0375 0.107 273.336 21.099 12.199 144.552 719.845 BA08CP7A - 7.5cm 13.16 0.0358 0.113 258.356 20.059 11.801 139.013 670.267 Average BA08CP7A 8.5cm 13.36 0.0363 0.113 238.128 20.066 12.478 133.681 597.827 BA08CP7A 8.5cm 13.22 0.0358 0.113 236.13 20.003 12.332 129.661 599.042 BA08CP7A - 8.5cm 13.29 0.0361 0.113 237.129 20.035 12.404 131.683 598.437 Average BA08CP7A 9.5cm 16.04 0.0292 0.170 206.107 13.299 7.61 68.346 605.411 BA08CP7A 9.5cm 16.22 0.0381 0.132 316.232 17.145 9.993 130.966 844.111 BA08CP7A - 9.5cm 16.13 0.0337 0.151 261.169 14.979 8.633 86.795 774.444 Average BA08CP7A 10.5cm 11.54 0.0128 0.271 47.854 8.356 4.967 36.272 109.922 BA08CP7A 10.5cm 10.9 0.0109 0.300 39.072 7.547 4.422 29.408 89.727 BA08CP7A - 10.5cm 11.22 0.0118 0.285 43.463 7.931 4.674 32.515 100.265 Average BA08CP7A 11.5cm 13.22 0.0545 0.074 489.196 30.417 18.755 398.006 1147.275 BA08CP7A 11.5cm 13.37 0.0748 0.055 483.109 41.024 26.133 494.012 910.665 BA08CP7A - 11.5cm 13.29 0.0646 0.065 486.152 34.933 21.815 460.168 1013.142 Average BA08CP7A 12.5cm 24.45 0.0594 0.134 280.935 16.879 10.204 138.622 753.456 BA08CP7A 12.5cm 24.31 0.0521 0.152 296.24 14.925 8.862 98.1 933.429 BA08CP7A - 12.5cm 24.38 0.0557 0.143 288.588 15.842 9.482 115.767 841.513 Average
108 BA08CP7A 13.5cm 14.67 0.0224 0.202 100.766 11.196 6.976 47.191 157.421 BA08CP7A 13.5cm 13.55 0.0153 0.271 41.1 8.343 4.996 29.662 94.572 BA08CP7A - 13.5cm 14.11 0.0188 0.237 70.933 9.561 5.811 36.83 123.804 Average BA08CP7A 14.5cm 12.71 0.0239 0.163 103.42 13.919 8.191 64.018 259.836 BA08CP7A 14.5cm 11.93 0.016 0.226 69.37 10.012 5.97 38.235 147.617 BA08CP7A - 14.5cm 12.32 0.0199 0.194 86.395 11.647 6.894 48.49 218.059 Average BA08CP7A 15.5cm 19.09 0.0494 0.122 268.89 18.525 11.172 133.968 698.379 BA08CP7A 15.5cm 18.71 0.0348 0.169 187.36 13.394 7.77 68.776 543.3 BA08CP7A - 15.5cm 18.9 0.0421 0.146 228.125 15.547 9.133 91.69 636.641 Average BA08CP7A 16.5cm 16.89 0.0397 0.133 324.905 17.052 10.156 117.173 915.183 BA08CP7A 16.5cm 15.91 0.0222 0.223 105.908 10.171 6.069 42.976 160.024 BA08CP7A - 16.5cm 16.4 0.0309 0.178 215.407 12.742 7.543 63.087 735.674 Average BA08CP7A 17.5cm 20.32 0.0471 0.138 192.288 16.454 9.358 120.148 481.622 BA08CP7A 17.5cm 20.53 0.0535 0.123 225.81 18.453 10.596 167.306 543.092 BA08CP7A - 17.5cm 20.42 0.0503 0.130 209.049 17.396 9.935 142.436 513.107 Average BA08CP7A 18.5cm 15.03 0.0331 0.140 171.617 16.119 9.691 80.886 456.11 BA08CP7A 18.5cm 14.24 0.0223 0.197 123.199 11.488 6.992 47.896 175.855 BA08CP7A - 18.5cm 14.64 0.0277 0.169 147.408 13.415 8.088 60.708 370.785 Average BA08CP7A 19.5cm 20.02 0.0352 0.181 109.712 12.516 7.644 59.255 258.344 BA08CP7A 19.5cm 20.04 0.035 0.182 102.538 12.413 7.588 57.706 245.964 BA08CP7A - 19.5cm 20.03 0.0351 0.182 106.125 12.464 7.616 58.471 252.181 Average BA08CP7A 20.5cm 22.18 0.0383 0.187 142.456 12.135 7.61 57.146 491.376 BA08CP7A 20.5cm 21.14 0.0294 0.230 66.384 9.841 6.031 38.635 138.955 BA08CP7A - 20.5cm 21.66 0.0339 0.208 104.42 10.868 6.723 46.839 226.703 Average BA08CP7A 21.5cm 15.7 0.0177 0.274 62.695 8.259 4.869 30.327 137.531 BA08CP7A 21.5cm 15.21 0.0148 0.317 41.576 7.141 4.163 23.267 90.176 BA08CP7A - 21.5cm 15.45 0.0162 0.296 52.135 7.659 4.489 26.294 110.77 Average BA08CP7A 22.5cm 17.76 0.0236 0.237 105.934 9.565 5.915 31.672 128.423 BA08CP7A 22.5cm 17.43 0.0208 0.263 45.315 8.601 5.369 27.346 84.352 BA08CP7A - 22.5cm 17.59 0.0222 0.250 75.625 9.057 5.628 29.339 102.422 Average BA08CP7A 23.5cm 20.04 0.0419 0.153 153.688 14.83 8.685 70.412 390.016 BA08CP7A 23.5cm 20.38 0.0444 0.147 145.485 15.424 9.06 73.049 405.065 BA08CP7A - 23.5cm 20.21 0.0431 0.150 149.586 15.122 8.869 71.707 398.588 Average BA08CP7A 24.5cm 23.11 0.0809 0.094 207.594 24.071 13.15 116.506 530.892 BA08CP7A 24.5cm 23.44 0.0804 0.096 217.525 23.553 12.824 110.717 575.452 BA08CP7A - 24.5cm 23.27 0.0807 0.095 212.559 23.809 12.984 113.571 552.34 Average BA08CP7A 25.5cm 21.58 0.036 0.194 56.877 11.664 6.719 37.834 125.178 BA08CP7A 25.5cm 21.19 0.0351 0.195 56.252 11.607 6.62 37.332 137.488 BA08CP7A - 25.5cm 21.39 0.0355 0.195 56.564 11.635 6.669 37.577 131.295 Average BA08CP7A 26.5cm 13.33 0.0379 0.108 247.529 20.916 11.951 119.185 668.999 BA08CP7A 26.5cm 13.4 0.0381 0.108 241.225 20.883 11.882 115.534 649.508 BA08CP7A - 26.5cm 13.37 0.038 0.108 244.377 20.9 11.916 117.35 659.13 Average BA08CP7A 27.5cm 13.05 0.0321 0.125 188.546 18.145 10.599 106.084 497.958 BA08CP7A 27.5cm 13.03 0.0317 0.126 185.321 17.964 10.461 102.877 492.002 BA08CP7A - 27.5cm 13.04 0.0319 0.125 186.934 18.054 10.53 104.464 495.004 Average BA08CP7A 28.5cm 13.38 0.0389 0.106 256.097 21.353 11.925 141.927 664.669
109 BA08CP7A 28.5cm 13.34 0.0387 0.106 251.785 21.331 11.849 140.859 652.78 BA08CP7A - 28.5cm 13.36 0.0388 0.106 253.941 21.342 11.887 141.398 658.658 Average BA08CP7A 29.5cm 14.58 0.0429 0.106 218.972 21.456 12.104 120.453 573.289 BA08CP7A 29.5cm 14.74 0.0436 0.105 234.319 21.541 12.139 122.984 621.819 BA08CP7A - 29.5cm 14.66 0.0433 0.105 226.645 21.499 12.122 121.691 597.31 Average BA08CP7A 30.5cm 21.94 0.0502 0.141 173.127 16.08 9.307 97.618 448.783 BA08CP7A 30.5cm 22.14 0.0489 0.146 156.964 15.485 8.985 89.071 405.095 BA08CP7A - 30.5cm 22.04 0.0496 0.144 165.046 15.777 9.142 93.177 427.391 Average BA08CP7A 31.5cm 23.6 0.0447 0.171 136.652 13.207 7.963 78.129 347.59 BA08CP7A 31.5cm 23.77 0.0433 0.178 127.134 12.693 7.663 71.102 324.81 BA08CP7A - 31.5cm 23.69 0.044 0.175 131.893 12.945 7.81 74.49 336.563 Average BA08CP7A 32.5cm 19.75 0.1032 0.063 204.209 36.201 21.224 145.436 473.211 BA08CP7A 32.5cm 20.93 0.1007 0.068 189.206 33.18 19.172 132.506 442.58 BA08CP7A - 32.5cm 20.34 0.1019 0.065 196.707 34.624 20.141 138.802 458.237 Average BA08CP7A 33.5cm 19.27 0.0419 0.146 170.232 15.547 8.883 97.216 436.856 BA08CP7A 33.5cm 19.34 0.0397 0.154 149.884 14.68 8.397 85.021 386.764 BA08CP7A - 33.5cm 19.31 0.0408 0.150 160.058 15.101 8.632 90.79 412.184 Average BA08CP7A 34.5cm 25.74 0.0438 0.193 121.239 11.704 7.128 61.549 308.148 BA08CP7A 34.5cm 25.9 0.0435 0.196 120.975 11.545 7.038 59.574 300.429 BA08CP7A - 34.5cm 25.82 0.0436 0.195 121.107 11.624 7.083 60.546 304.325 Average BA08CP7A 35.5cm 24.9 0.045 0.181 111.714 12.475 7.58 68.144 273.034 BA08CP7A 35.5cm 24.12 0.0419 0.188 103.001 12.061 7.346 61.987 253.237 BA08CP7A - 35.5cm 24.51 0.0435 0.185 107.357 12.265 7.46 64.957 263.378 Average BA08CP7A 36.5cm 25.08 0.0436 0.189 103.251 11.989 7.217 63.837 256.29 BA08CP7A 36.5cm 25.23 0.0425 0.195 95.568 11.603 7.006 59.138 236.539 BA08CP7A - 36.5cm 25.16 0.043 0.192 99.409 11.793 7.11 61.418 246.407 Average BA08CP7A 37.5cm 23.6 0.0554 0.139 153.354 16.335 9.393 101.625 370.986 BA08CP7A 37.5cm 23.78 0.0538 0.144 142.076 15.722 9.037 92.989 340.944 BA08CP7A - 37.5cm 23.69 0.0546 0.141 147.715 16.023 9.21 97.17 356.112 Average BA08CP7A 38.5cm 21.34 0.0493 0.139 167.025 16.276 9.6 94.23 427.701 BA08CP7A 38.5cm 21.54 0.0487 0.142 160.036 15.908 9.384 89.621 413.387 BA08CP7A - 38.5cm 21.44 0.049 0.141 163.53 16.09 9.491 91.892 420.451 Average BA08CP7A 39.5cm 23.17 0.0418 0.180 108.472 12.601 7.647 67.584 268.613 BA08CP7A 39.5cm 23.4 0.0405 0.188 99.131 12.064 7.349 61.603 240.842 BA08CP7A - 39.5cm 23.28 0.0412 0.184 103.801 12.327 7.495 64.491 254.924 Average BA08CP7A 40.5cm 23.01 0.0606 0.124 213.3 18.31 10.729 109.257 566.805 BA08CP7A 40.5cm 23.33 0.0571 0.133 175.821 16.985 10.03 93.67 449.877 BA08CP7A - 40.5cm 23.17 0.0588 0.128 194.561 17.622 10.363 101.033 505.911 Average BA08CP7A 41.5cm 25.09 0.0584 0.141 285.507 16.094 9.847 146.292 759.641 BA08CP7A 41.5cm 25.31 0.0571 0.145 286.786 15.562 9.52 135.192 783.714 BA08CP7A - 41.5cm 25.2 0.0577 0.143 286.147 15.823 9.68 140.676 771.467 Average BA08CP7A 42.5cm 21.21 0.0334 0.203 124.174 11.145 7.015 54.892 283.829 BA08CP7A 42.5cm 21.29 0.0316 0.216 89.798 10.492 6.648 48.241 224.929 BA08CP7A - 42.5cm 21.25 0.0325 0.209 106.986 10.809 6.826 51.401 251.077 Average BA08CP7A 43.5cm 25.24 0.036 0.230 90.031 9.861 5.992 47.528 224.07 BA08CP7A 43.5cm 25.31 0.0353 0.235 84.221 9.642 5.864 45.107 208.434
110 BA08CP7A - 43.5cm 25.28 0.0356 0.232 87.126 9.75 5.927 46.289 216.196 Average BA08CP7A 44.5cm 25.99 0.0448 0.191 115.81 11.837 7.06 65.877 286.341 BA08CP7A 44.5cm 26.14 0.0439 0.197 107.394 11.517 6.878 61.989 269.518 BA08CP7A - 44.5cm 26.06 0.0443 0.194 111.602 11.675 6.967 63.891 277.854 Average BA08CP7A 45.5cm 25.03 0.0517 0.158 201.498 14.305 7.724 101.904 534.07 BA08CP7A 45.5cm 25.77 0.0445 0.190 153.325 11.91 6.395 77.767 413.41 BA08CP7A - 45.5cm 25.4 0.0481 0.174 177.411 12.998 7.002 88.945 472.19 Average BA08CP7A 46.5cm 24.11 0.0488 0.161 123.148 14.027 8.634 78.571 301.014 BA08CP7A 46.5cm 24.31 0.0484 0.164 117.776 13.784 8.49 75.504 290.487 BA08CP7A - 46.5cm 24.21 0.0486 0.163 120.462 13.904 8.561 77.015 295.703 Average BA08CP7A 47.5cm 22.93 0.057 0.130 169.276 17.362 10.444 104.152 422.002 BA08CP7A 47.5cm 23.18 0.0543 0.139 146.364 16.324 9.813 92.055 362.414 BA08CP7A - 47.5cm 23.06 0.0557 0.135 157.82 16.827 10.117 97.768 392.161 Average BA08CP7A 48.5cm 23.01 0.0443 0.168 145.371 13.446 8.306 78.56 369.866 BA08CP7A 48.5cm 22.37 0.0412 0.175 119.243 12.902 8.008 70.473 300.561 BA08CP7A - 48.5cm 22.69 0.0427 0.172 132.307 13.169 8.154 74.317 333.124 Average BA08CP7A 49.5cm 22.61 0.0681 0.108 278.226 21.053 12.453 170.981 703.246 BA08CP7A 49.5cm 23.01 0.067 0.112 269.013 20.294 12.002 158.556 690.143 BA08CP7A - 49.5cm 22.81 0.0676 0.110 273.619 20.666 12.222 164.65 697.018 Average BA08CP7A 50.5cm 19.25 0.0434 0.141 177.393 16.095 9.701 94.745 446.991 BA08CP7A 50.5cm 19.51 0.042 0.147 159.499 15.357 9.283 85.926 401.151 BA08CP7A - 50.5cm 19.38 0.0427 0.144 168.446 15.718 9.487 90.198 423.595 Average BA08CP7A 51.5cm 19.33 0.036 0.170 123.655 13.296 8.096 74.196 309.606 BA08CP7A 51.5cm 19.55 0.0357 0.174 120.752 13.011 7.943 70.231 302.813 BA08CP7A - 51.5cm 19.44 0.0358 0.172 122.203 13.152 8.019 72.171 306.324 Average BA08CP7A 52.5cm 17.13 0.0378 0.142 180.09 15.991 9.466 100.564 473.439 BA08CP7A 52.5cm 17.3 0.0373 0.145 188.017 15.615 9.247 94.985 513.044 BA08CP7A - 52.5cm 17.21 0.0376 0.143 184.053 15.801 9.355 97.712 491.793 Average BA08CP7A 53.5cm 15.94 0.1731 0.030 342.976 74.359 46.793 280.42 713.209 BA08CP7A 53.5cm 16.39 0.113 0.046 303.014 48.84 34.873 256.003 632.293 BA08CP7A - 53.5cm 16.17 0.1431 0.038 322.995 58.956 40.331 267.975 671.317 Average BA08CP7A 54.5cm 16.39 0.1784 0.031 318.353 74.301 50.957 257.508 661.98 BA08CP7A 54.5cm 16.55 0.1689 0.032 302.413 69.896 48.008 251.26 621.102 BA08CP7A - 54.5cm 16.47 0.1736 0.031 310.383 72.031 49.482 254.312 641.092 Average BA08CP7A 55.5cm 18.04 0.0422 0.135 185.342 16.826 10.187 107.366 460.645 BA08CP7A 55.5cm 18.35 0.0411 0.141 169.372 16.088 9.732 98.387 431.967 BA08CP7A - 55.5cm 18.2 0.0416 0.138 177.357 16.449 9.954 102.743 446.114 Average BA08CP7A 56.5cm 21.52 0.0581 0.119 235.903 19.015 11.499 136.192 598.72 BA08CP7A 56.5cm 21.8 0.0557 0.126 204.845 17.98 10.834 120.551 524.16 BA08CP7A - 56.5cm 21.66 0.0569 0.122 220.374 18.483 11.155 128.036 560.349 Average BA08CP7A 57.5cm 24.4 0.0681 0.117 250.489 19.345 12.013 145.508 635.832 BA08CP7A 57.5cm 24.88 0.0647 0.126 210.012 17.955 11.038 125.182 531.347 BA08CP7A - 57.5cm 24.64 0.0664 0.122 230.25 18.624 11.503 134.82 581.534 Average BA08CP7A 58.5cm 23.4 0.0278 0.271 92.107 8.345 5.047 33.397 282.558 BA08CP7A 58.5cm 23.47 0.0279 0.271 92.689 8.347 5.046 33.323 280.722 BA08CP7A - 58.5cm 23.44 0.0279 0.271 92.398 8.346 5.047 33.36 281.615 Average 111 BA08CP7A 59.5cm 19.8 0.0278 0.226 83.013 10.04 5.972 45.083 223.192 BA08CP7A 59.5cm 19.93 0.0275 0.229 79.147 9.866 5.875 43.43 211.154 BA08CP7A - 59.5cm 19.87 0.0277 0.228 81.08 9.952 5.923 44.245 217.214 Average BA08CP7A 60.5cm 20.06 0.0355 0.180 102.326 12.559 7.608 58.978 260.801 BA08CP7A 60.5cm 20.27 0.0352 0.184 93.437 12.309 7.486 56.627 235.531 BA08CP7A - 60.5cm 20.17 0.0353 0.182 97.882 12.433 7.547 57.774 247.869 Average BA08CP7A 61.5cm 20.23 0.0406 0.159 150.969 14.252 8.369 70.186 384.234 BA08CP7A 61.5cm 20.36 0.0388 0.168 129.638 13.486 8.171 66.932 341.852 BA08CP7A - 61.5cm 20.3 0.0397 0.163 140.303 13.858 8.269 68.516 362.083 Average BA08CP7A 62.5cm 16.73 0.0362 0.144 179.002 15.701 9.039 96.641 461.755 BA08CP7A 62.5cm 17.48 0.0316 0.173 145.879 13.057 7.745 74.357 367.749 BA08CP7A - 62.5cm 17.1 0.0339 0.159 162.44 14.257 8.339 84.573 417.51 Average BA08CP7A 63.5cm 18.06 0.0538 0.106 238.65 21.304 11.929 125.103 621.987 BA08CP7A 63.5cm 18.77 0.0494 0.121 204.689 18.769 10.894 106.308 515.711 BA08CP7A - 63.5cm 18.42 0.0516 0.113 221.67 19.956 11.386 115.059 570.264 Average BA08CP7A 64.5cm 12.41 0.0654 0.059 282.369 38.391 22.846 233.111 612.436 BA08CP7A 64.5cm 12.92 0.0633 0.064 257.633 35.642 20.769 215.924 560.204 BA08CP7A - 64.5cm 12.66 0.0644 0.061 270.001 36.965 21.754 224.375 585.837 Average BA08CP7A 65.5cm 15.56 0.0484 0.100 196.783 22.541 12.92 134.886 471.607 BA08CP7A 65.5cm 15.67 0.0436 0.112 174.318 20.157 11.914 117.877 420.612 BA08CP7A - 65.5cm 15.62 0.046 0.106 185.55 21.283 12.392 126.021 446.332 Average BA08CP7A 66.5cm 15.91 0.0451 0.110 240.622 20.498 11.877 116.757 647.583 BA08CP7A 66.5cm 16.28 0.044 0.116 195.546 19.512 11.383 102.968 509.074 BA08CP7A - 66.5cm 16.09 0.0446 0.113 218.084 19.993 11.624 109.442 573.604 Average BA08CP7A 67.5cm 13.11 0.0274 0.147 146.475 15.409 8.803 80.034 392.663 BA08CP7A 67.5cm 13.45 0.0269 0.154 132.172 14.707 8.46 71.802 353.367 BA08CP7A - 67.5cm 13.28 0.0271 0.150 139.324 15.05 8.627 75.715 373.561 Average BA08CP7A 68.5cm 17.83 0.032 0.175 104.016 12.911 7.673 69.605 248.952 BA08CP7A 68.5cm 17.9 0.031 0.181 94.84 12.482 7.453 63.69 226.48 BA08CP7A - 68.5cm 17.87 0.0315 0.178 99.428 12.693 7.562 66.532 237.803 Average BA08CP7A 69.5cm 19.51 0.0389 0.160 114.023 14.163 8.841 68.961 283.193 BA08CP7A 69.5cm 19.58 0.0386 0.162 113.02 13.991 8.751 66.676 277.075 BA08CP7A - 69.5cm 19.55 0.0387 0.161 113.521 14.076 8.796 67.805 280.216 Average BA08CP7A 70.5cm 20.51 0.0495 0.133 151.259 17.05 9.953 98.253 372.883 BA08CP7A 70.5cm 20.49 0.048 0.137 145.396 16.561 9.685 92.248 363.575 BA08CP7A - 70.5cm 20.5 0.0487 0.135 148.328 16.802 9.817 95.198 368.22 Average BA08CP7A 71.5cm 22.69 0.0391 0.188 117.091 12.066 7.276 65.676 283.967 BA08CP7A 71.5cm 22.74 0.0377 0.195 106.134 11.613 7.045 59.838 251.122 BA08CP7A - 71.5cm 22.71 0.0384 0.191 111.613 11.835 7.158 62.645 267.441 Average BA08CP7A 72.5cm 22.03 0.0415 0.171 104.616 13.233 8.301 67.55 254.475 BA08CP7A 72.5cm 22.1 0.041 0.174 103.537 13.018 8.175 65.011 251.925 BA08CP7A - 72.5cm 22.06 0.0413 0.173 104.076 13.125 8.237 66.264 253.24 Average BA08CP7A 73.5cm 22.65 0.0394 0.186 126.479 12.183 7.594 59.544 341.384 BA08CP7A 73.5cm 23.05 0.0382 0.195 110.309 11.582 7.278 53.563 300.168 BA08CP7A - 73.5cm 22.85 0.0388 0.191 118.394 11.875 7.432 56.412 320.862 Average BA08CP7A 74.5cm 21.57 0.0378 0.183 116.916 12.341 7.555 57.023 301.51
112 BA08CP7A 74.5cm 21.78 0.0368 0.191 99.472 11.879 7.324 52.815 251.415 BA08CP7A - 74.5cm 21.68 0.0373 0.187 108.194 12.106 7.437 54.835 275.651 Average
113 Grain size: BA08CP-7B.
D [4, 3] D [3, 2] specific volume surface Sample surface weighted weighted Sample Name depth Obscuration Concentration area mean mean d(0.10) d(0.50) d(0.90) BA08CP7B 1.5cm 11.8 0.0358 0.101 222.204 22.516 13.077 154.366 537.841 BA08CP7B 1.5cm 11.89 0.0388 0.094 275.305 24.21 14.092 177.054 673.177 BA08CP7B - 1.5cm 11.85 0.0373 0.097 248.755 23.332 13.564 165.078 600.039 Average BA08CP7B 2.5cm 15.81 0.0407 0.121 197.09 18.723 11.145 112.341 510.605 BA08CP7B 2.5cm 15.73 0.0393 0.125 185.163 18.164 10.761 105.543 481.061 BA08CP7B - 2.5cm 15.77 0.04 0.123 191.127 18.439 10.948 108.883 495.639 Average BA08CP7B 3.5cm 22.17 0.032 0.223 82.23 10.142 6.398 41.426 180.125 BA08CP7B 3.5cm 22.19 0.031 0.231 68.625 9.804 6.205 38.946 156.351 BA08CP7B - 3.5cm 22.18 0.0315 0.227 75.427 9.97 6.3 40.154 167.532 Average BA08CP7B 4.5cm 22.87 0.0376 0.197 96.77 11.489 7.336 47.227 250.02 BA08CP7B 4.5cm 23.01 0.0379 0.197 97.53 11.51 7.353 47.286 255.912 BA08CP7B - 4.5cm 22.94 0.0378 0.197 97.15 11.499 7.344 47.256 252.968 Average BA08CP7B 5.5cm 22.57 0.0392 0.186 93.813 12.173 8.047 52.68 233.432 BA08CP7B 5.5cm 22.66 0.0388 0.189 91.859 12 7.936 51.18 226.44 BA08CP7B - 5.5cm 22.61 0.039 0.187 92.836 12.086 7.991 51.919 230.025 Average BA08CP7B 6.5cm 22.05 0.0398 0.178 133.156 12.712 7.975 63.742 308.296 BA08CP7B 6.5cm 22.05 0.0389 0.182 118.496 12.41 7.781 59.825 278.644 BA08CP7B - 6.5cm 22.05 0.0394 0.180 125.826 12.559 7.876 61.723 293.05 Average BA08CP7B 7.5cm 23.07 0.0605 0.124 168.249 18.232 11.053 97.567 413.065 BA08CP7B 7.5cm 23.12 0.0592 0.127 153.136 17.783 10.757 92.977 371.63 BA08CP7B - 7.5cm 23.09 0.0599 0.126 160.693 18.005 10.902 95.234 391.825 Average BA08CP7B 8.5cm 23.15 0.046 0.164 118.708 13.786 8.515 60.579 301.744 BA08CP7B 8.5cm 23.17 0.0442 0.171 105.209 13.266 8.203 56.559 262.095 BA08CP7B - 8.5cm 23.16 0.0451 0.167 111.959 13.521 8.356 58.509 281.559 Average BA08CP7A 9.5cm 9.55 0.0296 0.098 218.98 23.177 13.017 174.469 506.089 BA08CP7B 9.5cm 10.08 0.0286 0.107 237.089 21.213 11.73 186.777 562.992 BA08CP7B - 9.5cm 9.82 0.0291 0.102 228.034 22.151 12.342 179.959 535.557 Average BA08CP7B 10.5cm 19.25 0.0362 0.169 123.317 13.407 8.338 61.155 322.369 BA08CP7B 10.5cm 19.3 0.0363 0.169 123.587 13.383 8.321 60.136 315.691 BA08CP7B - 10.5cm 19.28 0.0362 0.169 123.452 13.395 8.33 60.64 319.038 Average BA08CP7B 11.5cm 19.31 0.0315 0.194 100.511 11.657 6.824 45.683 259.096 BA08CP7B 11.5cm 19.42 0.0304 0.203 93.023 11.16 6.686 44.35 244.683 BA08CP7B - 11.5cm 19.37 0.0309 0.199 96.767 11.403 6.754 45.007 251.865 Average BA08CP7B 12.5cm 20.9 0.0611 0.110 230.59 20.553 11.608 116.694 614.094 BA08CP7B 12.5cm 21.04 0.0621 0.109 237.217 20.716 11.662 114.875 642.398 BA08CP7B - 12.5cm 20.97 0.0616 0.110 233.904 20.634 11.636 115.781 627.866 Average BA08CP7B 13.5cm 21.21 0.05 0.136 225.144 16.645 10.12 92.071 659.241 BA08CP7B 13.5cm 21.28 0.0494 0.138 208.017 16.383 9.906 89.397 593.998 BA08CP7B - 13.5cm 21.24 0.0497 0.137 216.581 16.513 10.012 90.716 624.5 Average
114 BA08CP7B 14.5cm 24.19 0.0457 0.172 197.304 13.16 8.139 82.338 550.968 BA08CP7B 14.5cm 24.19 0.0438 0.179 193.255 12.624 7.721 76.741 557.796 BA08CP7B - 14.5cm 24.19 0.0448 0.176 195.28 12.886 7.924 79.481 554.379 Average BA08CP7B 15.5cm 23.73 0.0618 0.125 206.641 18.089 10.924 106.228 539.573 BA08CP7B 15.5cm 23.75 0.0576 0.134 184.043 16.845 9.989 94.999 474.482 BA08CP7B - 15.5cm 23.74 0.0597 0.130 195.342 17.445 10.433 100.406 506.844 Average BA08CP7B 16.5cm 19.8 0.048 0.132 167.999 17.163 10.116 78.848 425.509 BA08CP7B 16.5cm 19.76 0.0461 0.137 135.769 16.526 9.706 73.857 336.36 BA08CP7B - 16.5cm 19.78 0.0471 0.134 151.884 16.839 9.906 76.275 376.122 Average BA08CP7B 17.5cm 21.96 0.0488 0.145 163.582 15.584 9.199 75.917 432.644 BA08CP7B 17.5cm 22.13 0.049 0.146 165.706 15.516 9.153 75.383 451.581 BA08CP7B - 17.5cm 22.05 0.0489 0.146 164.644 15.55 9.176 75.65 441.998 Average BA08CP7B 18.5cm 28.54 0.0607 0.158 141.782 14.307 8.727 75.831 347.975 BA08CP7B 18.5cm 28.64 0.0593 0.163 131.49 13.925 8.485 71.422 310.034 BA08CP7B - 18.5cm 28.59 0.06 0.160 136.636 14.113 8.605 73.56 329.002 Average BA08CP7B 19.5cm 24.11 0.05 0.158 159.864 14.375 8.283 75.487 411.187 BA08CP7B 19.5cm 24.11 0.0505 0.156 167.393 14.533 8.358 75.414 447.975 BA08CP7B - 19.5cm 24.11 0.0503 0.157 163.628 14.454 8.32 75.45 428.978 Average BA08CP7B 20.5cm 26.09 0.0485 0.177 125.223 12.772 7.885 66.326 280.73 BA08CP7B 20.5cm 26.02 0.0479 0.179 124.123 12.642 7.771 64.496 279.876 BA08CP7B - 20.5cm 26.05 0.0482 0.178 124.673 12.706 7.827 65.399 280.321 Average BA08CP7B 21.5cm 21.27 0.0428 0.159 169.981 14.266 8.728 77.125 449.693 BA08CP7B 21.5cm 21.38 0.0424 0.161 156.252 14.057 8.575 75.033 410.489 BA08CP7B - 21.5cm 21.32 0.0426 0.160 163.116 14.161 8.65 76.07 428.249 Average BA08CP7B 22.5cm 22.78 0.0366 0.200 136.017 11.303 6.878 60.14 367.781 BA08CP7B 22.5cm 22.84 0.0361 0.204 137.167 11.121 6.75 58.065 366.277 BA08CP7B - 22.5cm 22.81 0.0363 0.202 136.592 11.211 6.813 59.087 367.084 Average BA08CP7B 23.5cm 20.92 0.0412 0.162 164.239 13.957 8.301 74.196 445.93 BA08CP7B 23.5cm 21.12 0.0403 0.168 145.816 13.515 8.02 70.023 403.625 BA08CP7B - 23.5cm 21.02 0.0407 0.165 155.028 13.733 8.158 72.064 423.459 Average BA08CP7B 24.5cm 14.88 0.0341 0.135 165.259 16.714 9.916 81.497 439.625 BA08CP7B 24.5cm 14.69 0.0327 0.139 153.927 16.283 9.583 75.777 419.991 BA08CP7B - 24.5cm 14.79 0.0334 0.137 159.593 16.496 9.745 78.541 429.705 Average BA08CP7B 25.5cm 27.01 0.0402 0.222 127.674 10.215 5.922 55.097 349.804 BA08CP7B 25.5cm 27.11 0.0391 0.229 110.569 9.88 5.702 51.804 301.652 BA08CP7B - 25.5cm 27.06 0.0396 0.225 119.121 10.045 5.81 53.41 324.886 Average BA08CP7B 26.5cm 23.22 0.0447 0.168 119.257 13.464 7.725 71.237 294.239 BA08CP7B 26.5cm 23.2 0.044 0.171 115.605 13.266 7.6 68.546 283.945 BA08CP7B - 26.5cm 23.21 0.0444 0.169 117.431 13.364 7.662 69.869 289.185 Average BA08CP7B 27.5cm 24.76 0.0473 0.171 177.565 13.232 8.365 72.888 504.688 BA08CP7B 27.5cm 24.85 0.0443 0.183 129.076 12.354 7.728 65.08 338.286 BA08CP7B - 27.5cm 24.81 0.0458 0.177 153.32 12.778 8.033 68.802 408.612 Average BA08CP7B 28.5cm 27.31 0.0315 0.285 125.195 7.94 4.35 40.541 307.248 BA08CP7B 28.5cm 27.24 0.0307 0.292 103.799 7.75 4.213 38.614 250.317 BA08CP7B - 28.5cm 27.27 0.0311 0.289 114.497 7.844 4.28 39.559 276.519 Average BA08CP7B 29.5cm 24.31 0.0263 0.299 106.884 7.582 4.063 35.9 198.056
115 BA08CP7B 29.5cm 24.17 0.0255 0.305 93.448 7.414 3.945 34.234 161.209 BA08CP7B - 29.5cm 24.24 0.0259 0.302 100.166 7.497 4.003 35.05 176.803 Average BA08CP7B 30.5cm 17.26 0.0245 0.219 120.971 10.316 6.101 51.813 363.382 BA08CP7B 30.5cm 17.26 0.0252 0.213 147.831 10.62 6.285 53.916 453.056 BA08CP7B - 30.5cm 17.26 0.0248 0.216 134.401 10.466 6.193 52.842 406.369 Average BA08CP7B 31.5cm 23.4 0.0272 0.276 139.984 8.215 4.407 48.903 437.754 BA08CP7B 31.5cm 23.33 0.0272 0.275 143.36 8.244 4.412 49.161 437.16 BA08CP7B - 31.5cm 23.37 0.0272 0.275 141.672 8.23 4.41 49.032 437.45 Average BA08CP7B 32.5cm 16.2 0.0209 0.240 94.3 9.431 5.356 44.695 228.179 BA08CP7B 32.5cm 16.04 0.0208 0.238 114.953 9.531 5.417 44.494 239.369 BA08CP7B - 32.5cm 16.12 0.0209 0.239 104.627 9.481 5.387 44.594 233.286 Average BA08CP7B 33.5cm 21.68 0.0302 0.229 124.951 9.904 5.598 54.422 340.175 BA08CP7B 33.5cm 21.74 0.0296 0.234 112.291 9.676 5.442 52.257 317.575 BA08CP7B - 33.5cm 21.71 0.0299 0.231 118.621 9.788 5.519 53.33 328.354 Average BA08CP7B 34.5cm 27.8 0.0344 0.267 104.176 8.466 4.651 40.498 263.236 BA08CP7B 34.5cm 27.92 0.0356 0.260 127.656 8.705 4.794 42.68 377.779 BA08CP7B - 34.5cm 27.86 0.035 0.264 115.916 8.584 4.722 41.562 316.782 Average BA08CP7B 35.5cm 23.6 0.0308 0.247 194.545 9.182 5.293 54.666 630.235 BA08CP7B 35.5cm 23.59 0.0304 0.250 160.885 9.073 5.21 53.321 492.185 BA08CP7B - 35.5cm 23.59 0.0306 0.248 177.715 9.127 5.251 53.989 548.036 Average BA08CP7B 36.5cm 24.39 0.0346 0.228 155.545 9.914 6.011 54.723 460.539 BA08CP7B 36.5cm 24.46 0.0321 0.247 137.857 9.173 5.459 47.786 376.701 BA08CP7B - 36.5cm 24.43 0.0333 0.238 146.701 9.529 5.723 51.074 421.817 Average BA08CP7B 37.5cm 20.89 0.0413 0.162 149.583 13.999 8.934 78.71 393.661 BA08CP7B 37.5cm 20.99 0.0403 0.166 153.221 13.603 8.614 74.114 409.63 BA08CP7B - 37.5cm 20.94 0.0408 0.164 151.402 13.798 8.771 76.361 401.028 Average BA08CP7B 38.5cm 19.77 0.0352 0.178 175.392 12.701 7.697 63.133 517.858 BA08CP7B 38.5cm 19.84 0.0334 0.189 143.146 11.992 7.249 57.106 377.341 BA08CP7B - 38.5cm 19.8 0.0343 0.184 159.269 12.336 7.466 59.977 446.04 Average BA08CP7B 39.5cm 22.44 0.0369 0.195 145.913 11.616 7.312 67.923 399.142 BA08CP7B 39.5cm 22.53 0.04 0.181 195.221 12.502 7.895 78.28 570.928 BA08CP7B - 39.5cm 22.48 0.0385 0.188 170.567 12.043 7.593 72.731 484.666 Average BA08CP7B 40.5cm 18.02 0.0297 0.190 198.842 11.945 7.352 67.947 620.923 BA08CP7B 40.5cm 17.88 0.0277 0.201 149.937 11.244 6.853 60.035 424.796 BA08CP7B - 40.5cm 17.95 0.0287 0.195 174.39 11.584 7.094 63.763 513.513 Average BA08CP7B 41.5cm 20.85 0.0292 0.226 115.158 9.997 6.047 50.196 303.093 BA08CP7B 41.5cm 20.75 0.0291 0.227 120.177 9.987 6.023 49.564 319.709 BA08CP7B - 41.5cm 20.8 0.0291 0.227 117.668 9.992 6.035 49.879 311.072 Average BA08CP7B 42.5cm 23.79 0.0298 0.257 102.417 8.826 4.97 52.309 274.532 BA08CP7B 42.5cm 23.75 0.0298 0.256 103.275 8.831 4.955 52.178 279.768 BA08CP7B - 42.5cm 23.77 0.0298 0.256 102.846 8.828 4.963 52.244 277.192 Average BA08CP7B 43.5cm 21.91 0.031 0.225 161.449 10.047 5.898 60.838 451.583 BA08CP7B 43.5cm 21.8 0.0303 0.229 160.764 9.896 5.772 58.815 445.018 BA08CP7B - 43.5cm 21.85 0.0307 0.227 161.106 9.971 5.834 59.815 448.415 Average BA08CP7B 44.5cm 20.01 0.0303 0.208 205.206 10.874 6.49 69.039 628.185 BA08CP7B 44.5cm 19.8 0.0265 0.235 135.516 9.617 5.585 53.496 368.073
116 BA08CP7B - 44.5cm 19.91 0.0284 0.222 170.361 10.207 6.005 60.433 479.468 Average BA08CP7B 45.5cm 23.52 0.0345 0.219 203.182 10.328 6.1 75.663 594.739 BA08CP7B 45.5cm 23.36 0.0317 0.236 168.894 9.588 5.545 64.131 497.593 BA08CP7B - 45.5cm 23.44 0.0331 0.228 186.038 9.944 5.811 69.569 545.663 Average BA08CP7B 46.5cm 24.17 0.0308 0.253 127.348 8.936 5.291 46.819 368.004 BA08CP7B 46.5cm 24.05 0.0298 0.260 111.052 8.702 5.113 44.293 321.244 BA08CP7B - 46.5cm 24.11 0.0303 0.257 119.2 8.818 5.2 45.532 343.899 Average BA08CP7B 47.5cm 20.06 0.0293 0.216 202.437 10.486 6.37 60.493 650.795 BA08CP7B 47.5cm 19.87 0.027 0.231 150.111 9.782 5.86 52.148 456.104 BA08CP7B - 47.5cm 19.96 0.0282 0.224 176.274 10.122 6.105 56.029 543.979 Average BA08CP7B 48.5cm 14.29 0.0236 0.185 203.66 12.23 7.558 71.938 603.794 BA08CP7B 48.5cm 14.06 0.0223 0.192 194.207 11.766 7.192 65.441 595.34 BA08CP7B - 48.5cm 14.17 0.023 0.189 198.934 11.994 7.37 68.58 599.516 Average
117 Grain size: BA08CP-8.
D [4, 3] D [3, 2] Specific Volume Surface Sample surface weighted weighted Sample Name depth Obscuration Concentration area mean mean d(0.10) d(0.50) d(0.90) BA08CP-8 0.5cm 13.57 0.0573 0.0738 276.964 30.661 16.17 206.965 651.608 BA08CP-8 0.5cm 13.6 0.0573 0.0741 261.74 30.545 16.054 194.855 617.598 BA08CP-8 - Average 0.5cm 13.58 0.0573 0.074 269.352 30.603 16.111 200.708 634.895 BA08CP-8 1.5cm 12.79 0.0437 0.09 239.837 25.149 14.438 172.823 573.817 BA08CP-8 1.5cm 12.86 0.0481 0.0828 239.29 27.339 15.071 170.004 576.92 BA08CP-8 - Average 1.5cm 12.83 0.0459 0.0864 239.564 26.198 14.752 171.403 575.378 BA08CP-8 2.5cm 15.61 0.0633 0.0774 248.927 29.243 17.165 178.205 587.534 BA08CP-8 2.5cm 15.64 0.0675 0.0732 242.071 30.947 17.33 174.179 571.706 BA08CP-8 - Average 2.5cm 15.62 0.0654 0.0753 245.499 30.071 17.248 176.189 579.459 BA08CP-8 3.5cm 13.61 0.0343 0.122 210.747 18.554 10.577 117.758 543.214 BA08CP-8 3.5cm 13.45 0.0333 0.124 183.931 18.24 10.343 107.019 466.422 BA08CP-8 - Average 3.5cm 13.53 0.0338 0.123 197.339 18.396 10.458 112.133 503.937 BA08CP-8 4.5cm 15.52 0.0558 0.087 225.129 26.031 15.885 158.8 536.301 BA08CP-8 4.5cm 15.53 0.0609 0.0801 230.947 28.25 16.459 159.8 555.228 BA08CP-8 - Average 4.5cm 15.53 0.0584 0.0836 228.038 27.095 16.17 159.299 545.652 BA08CP-8 5.5cm 13.21 0.0377 0.108 218.544 21.036 11.931 132.727 558.085 BA08CP-8 5.5cm 12.99 0.0339 0.118 186.824 19.226 11.158 114.843 472.984 BA08CP-8 - Average 5.5cm 13.1 0.0358 0.113 202.684 20.09 11.528 123.272 515.731 BA08CP-8 6.5cm 14.61 0.0477 0.0951 215.664 23.797 14.121 145.309 524.721 BA08CP-8 6.5cm 14.51 0.0484 0.0931 215.894 24.317 14.356 144.493 525.799 BA08CP-8 - Average 6.5cm 14.56 0.0481 0.0941 215.779 24.054 14.239 144.902 525.251 BA08CP-8 7.5cm 16.38 0.0622 0.083 225.857 27.29 16.984 153.428 545.26 BA08CP-8 7.5cm 16.39 0.0589 0.0877 202.1 25.802 15.712 138.782 481.197 BA08CP-8 - Average 7.5cm 16.39 0.0605 0.0854 213.979 26.525 16.317 145.83 513.571 BA08CP-8 8.5cm 13.88 0.038 0.113 187.343 20.05 12.1 112.608 479.822 BA08CP-8 8.5cm 13.76 0.0374 0.114 176.385 19.892 11.903 106.497 446.078 BA08CP-8 - Average 8.5cm 13.82 0.0377 0.113 181.864 19.971 12 109.474 463.095 BA08CP-8 9.5cm 13.5 0.04 0.104 174.73 21.712 12.754 110.503 428.532 BA08CP-8 9.5cm 13.42 0.0407 0.102 182.104 22.219 12.99 112.555 456.44 BA08CP-8 - Average 9.5cm 13.46 0.0404 0.103 178.417 21.963 12.872 111.516 442.528 BA08CP-8 10.5cm 14.27 0.0448 0.0989 214.533 22.888 13.572 127.612 539.49 BA08CP-8 10.5cm 14.19 0.0447 0.0985 204.816 22.981 13.536 125.617 518.784 BA08CP-8 - Average 10.5cm 14.23 0.0447 0.0987 209.674 22.935 13.554 126.608 528.785 BA08CP-8 11.5cm 15.23 0.0521 0.0913 236.388 24.812 15.149 148.751 585.693 BA08CP-8 11.5cm 15.11 0.0486 0.0969 207.014 23.375 13.95 131.869 511.938 BA08CP-8 - Average 11.5cm 15.17 0.0503 0.0941 221.701 24.072 14.519 139.878 549.15 BA08CP-8 12.5cm 14.59 0.0452 0.1 211.777 22.595 13.41 136.127 525.035 BA08CP-8 12.5cm 14.41 0.0447 0.1 205.941 22.631 13.29 132.645 508.42 BA08CP-8 - Average 12.5cm 14.5 0.0449 0.1 208.859 22.613 13.349 134.377 516.752 BA08CP-8 13.5cm 13.63 0.0448 0.094 237.931 24.081 14.509 150.155 583.038 118 BA08CP-8 13.5cm 13.53 0.0453 0.0924 244.667 24.513 14.639 149.804 606.897 BA08CP-8 - Average 13.5cm 13.58 0.045 0.0932 241.299 24.295 14.574 149.98 594.778 BA08CP-8 14.5cm 15.32 0.0355 0.134 214.244 16.924 9.759 107.044 568.337 BA08CP-8 14.5cm 15.21 0.0346 0.136 193.793 16.63 9.541 99.788 510.791 BA08CP-8 - Average 14.5cm 15.26 0.035 0.135 204.019 16.776 9.648 103.316 538.796 BA08CP-8 15.5cm 14.57 0.0361 0.125 228.423 18.154 10.476 121.013 596.301 BA08CP-8 15.5cm 14.49 0.0355 0.126 207.003 17.949 10.31 114.046 534.086 BA08CP-8 - Average 15.5cm 14.53 0.0358 0.125 217.713 18.051 10.392 117.461 563.794 BA08CP-8 16.5cm 16.13 0.0427 0.118 229.667 19.268 11.204 149.806 568.864 BA08CP-8 16.5cm 16.19 0.0432 0.117 232.814 19.395 11.231 144.296 575.286 BA08CP-8 - Average 16.5cm 16.16 0.043 0.117 231.24 19.331 11.217 147.009 571.914 BA08CP-8 17.5cm 14.19 0.0247 0.176 158.65 12.872 7.099 74.022 441.49 BA08CP-8 17.5cm 14.17 0.0245 0.178 156.091 12.73 7.033 68.33 432.202 BA08CP-8 - Average 17.5cm 14.18 0.0246 0.177 157.371 12.801 7.066 71.076 437.204 BA08CP-8 18.5cm 17.02 0.0435 0.123 226.408 18.475 10.601 136.686 577.436 BA08CP-8 18.5cm 17.19 0.0448 0.12 254.303 18.816 10.801 134.265 678.325 BA08CP-8 - Average 18.5cm 17.11 0.0441 0.121 240.356 18.644 10.7 135.47 623.544 BA08CP-8 19.5cm 17.2 0.0594 0.0913 274.945 24.802 14.196 191.375 661.39 BA08CP-8 19.5cm 17.29 0.0574 0.0951 236.238 23.813 13.447 167.567 567.904 BA08CP-8 - Average 19.5cm 17.25 0.0584 0.0932 255.592 24.298 13.807 178.857 613.546 BA08CP-8 20.5cm 17.35 0.0672 0.0824 260.716 27.491 14.189 153.41 661.638 BA08CP-8 20.5cm 17.68 0.0688 0.0822 260.437 27.542 14.169 148.591 670.412 BA08CP-8 - Average 20.5cm 17.52 0.068 0.0823 260.576 27.516 14.179 150.964 665.957 BA08CP-8 21.5cm 18 0.0548 0.104 257.675 21.801 12.05 161.362 639.487 BA08CP-8 21.5cm 17.94 0.054 0.105 253.092 21.537 11.842 155.44 630.898 BA08CP-8 - Average 21.5cm 17.97 0.0544 0.104 255.384 21.668 11.945 158.347 635.341 BA08CP-8 22.5cm 16.99 0.0797 0.0678 300.953 33.403 18.819 224.366 697.951 BA08CP-8 22.5cm 16.84 0.076 0.0704 295.791 32.142 17.77 212.341 698.417 BA08CP-8 - Average 22.5cm 16.91 0.0779 0.0691 298.372 32.76 18.277 218.386 698.179 BA08CP-8 23.5cm 16.63 0.0279 0.186 159.461 12.199 7.02 77.768 436.794 BA08CP-8 23.5cm 16.59 0.0272 0.19 155.804 11.916 6.874 70.535 435.722 BA08CP-8 - Average 23.5cm 16.61 0.0275 0.188 157.633 12.056 6.946 74.015 436.278 BA08CP-8 24.5cm 14.92 0.0323 0.143 183.015 15.86 8.847 96.134 480.516 BA08CP-8 24.5cm 15.04 0.0308 0.151 156.076 14.97 8.385 82.204 412.746 BA08CP-8 - Average 24.5cm 14.98 0.0316 0.147 169.546 15.402 8.608 88.732 446.614 BA08CP-8 25.5cm 15.88 0.0397 0.124 222.255 18.214 10.267 132.657 574.106 BA08CP-8 25.5cm 16.04 0.0362 0.138 192.281 16.411 9.245 106.362 504.521 BA08CP-8 - Average 25.5cm 15.96 0.038 0.131 207.268 17.266 9.721 118.68 540.861 BA08CP-8 26.5cm 12.37 0.1078 0.0362 370.489 62.522 47.019 345.997 690.933 BA08CP-8 26.5cm 12.61 0.0843 0.0465 371.534 48.7 36.156 345.223 707.367 BA08CP-8 - Average 26.5cm 12.49 0.0961 0.0414 371.012 54.752 41.456 345.618 699.079 BA08CP-8 27.5cm 13.66 0.0333 0.126 254.382 17.983 9.934 179.199 623.364 BA08CP-8 27.5cm 13.59 0.0333 0.125 274.351 18.071 9.952 181.723 683.781 BA08CP-8 - Average 27.5cm 13.62 0.0333 0.126 264.367 18.027 9.943 180.374 653.297 BA08CP-8 28.5cm 15.25 0.0511 0.0929 247.648 24.375 13.288 200.05 540.249 119 BA08CP-8 28.5cm 15.38 0.0509 0.0942 231.692 24.023 12.961 194.421 508.05 BA08CP-8 - Average 28.5cm 15.31 0.051 0.0936 239.67 24.198 13.121 197.237 523.395 BA08CP-8 29.5cm 18.44 0.0326 0.178 220.224 12.694 7.396 71.282 669.658 BA08CP-8 29.5cm 18.4 0.0301 0.192 168.924 11.775 6.906 58.68 508.328 BA08CP-8 - Average 29.5cm 18.42 0.0314 0.185 194.574 12.217 7.141 64.446 582.617 BA08CP-8 30.5cm 13.2 0.1202 0.0349 348.428 64.919 54.945 311.758 653.873 BA08CP-8 30.5cm 13.21 0.1166 0.0359 345.616 63.038 52.822 313.925 646.648 BA08CP-8 - Average 30.5cm 13.21 0.1184 0.0354 347.022 63.965 53.877 312.838 650.163 BA08CP-8 31.5cm 13.39 0.1606 0.0271 356.212 83.485 60.677 322.894 663.442 BA08CP-8 31.5cm 13.36 0.1602 0.0271 362.708 83.496 60.852 328.09 676.934 BA08CP-8 - Average 31.5cm 13.38 0.1604 0.0271 359.46 83.49 60.762 325.472 670.266 BA08CP-8 32.5cm 14.94 0.0416 0.111 233.766 20.415 12.053 158.216 573.606 BA08CP-8 32.5cm 14.78 0.0415 0.11 227.966 20.57 12.026 155.073 557.875 BA08CP-8 - Average 32.5cm 14.86 0.0416 0.11 230.866 20.492 12.039 156.671 565.498 BA08CP-8 33.5cm 17.09 0.0509 0.105 211.276 21.482 12.604 143.624 514.351 BA08CP-8 33.5cm 16.95 0.0483 0.11 205.697 20.553 11.847 132.109 510.547 BA08CP-8 - Average 33.5cm 17.02 0.0496 0.108 208.486 21.007 12.209 137.952 512.445 BA08CP-8 34.5cm 13.94 0.068 0.0637 292.025 35.541 22.764 258.441 611.076 BA08CP-8 34.5cm 13.89 0.0588 0.0732 281.014 30.925 18.257 242.617 606.624 BA08CP-8 - Average 34.5cm 13.91 0.0634 0.0685 286.519 33.073 20.271 250.686 608.922 BA08CP-8 35.5cm 15.58 0.0309 0.156 192.624 14.519 8.416 98.108 501.115 BA08CP-8 35.5cm 15.4 0.0295 0.161 183.604 14.064 8.115 88.465 483.629 BA08CP-8 - Average 35.5cm 15.49 0.0302 0.158 188.114 14.288 8.261 93.255 492.183 BA08CP-8 36.5cm 12.37 0.0574 0.0667 274.695 33.936 18.852 236.832 593.1 BA08CP-8 36.5cm 12.2 0.0551 0.0686 266.603 32.991 17.727 226.769 580.46 BA08CP-8 - Average 36.5cm 12.29 0.0563 0.0677 270.649 33.457 18.264 231.737 587.007 BA08CP-8 37.5cm 19.14 0.0506 0.12 176.358 18.822 11.361 110.771 442.354 BA08CP-8 37.5cm 19.32 0.0509 0.121 177.758 18.74 11.279 109.082 450.157 BA08CP-8 - Average 37.5cm 19.23 0.0507 0.121 177.058 18.781 11.32 109.93 446.262 BA08CP-8 38.5cm 13.98 0.0467 0.0922 270.878 24.552 14.511 232.739 599.39 BA08CP-8 38.5cm 13.84 0.0464 0.0919 267.329 24.625 14.379 231.221 589.956 BA08CP-8 - Average 38.5cm 13.91 0.0465 0.0921 269.104 24.589 14.444 231.974 594.627 BA08CP-8 39.5cm 12.2 0.0537 0.0701 290.626 32.278 17.626 241.124 643.134 BA08CP-8 39.5cm 12.1 0.0531 0.0703 293.627 32.226 17.247 247.164 648.201 BA08CP-8 - Average 39.5cm 12.15 0.0534 0.0702 292.126 32.252 17.433 244.101 645.711 BA08CP-8 40.5cm 13.46 0.0426 0.0974 273.393 23.236 12.7 205.405 650.806 BA08CP-8 40.5cm 13.44 0.0402 0.103 254.914 21.984 11.948 182.22 614.539 BA08CP-8 - Average 40.5cm 13.45 0.0414 0.1 264.153 22.593 12.308 193.711 633.063 BA08CP-8 41.5cm 17.38 0.0368 0.148 193.104 15.295 8.817 98.705 512.836 BA08CP-8 41.5cm 17.38 0.0351 0.155 177.509 14.602 8.443 84.44 484.21 BA08CP-8 - Average 41.5cm 17.38 0.0359 0.152 185.307 14.941 8.624 91.132 498.683 BA08CP-8 42.5cm 10.03 0.0512 0.0594 359.028 38.089 24.099 334.444 703.348 BA08CP-8 42.5cm 10.52 0.0389 0.0815 320.504 27.787 15.977 303.963 641.557 BA08CP-8 - Average 42.5cm 10.28 0.0451 0.0705 339.766 32.132 19.246 319.044 672.596 BA08CP-8 43.5cm 11.82 0.04 0.0889 318.17 25.457 18.016 308.136 628.306
120 BA08CP-8 43.5cm 11.93 0.0508 0.0712 342.456 31.806 22.61 334.124 660.969 BA08CP-8 - Average 43.5cm 11.88 0.0454 0.0801 330.313 28.279 20.071 321.042 645.141 BA08CP-8 44.5cm 15.53 0.1092 0.0449 358.395 50.456 42.792 337.695 678.155 BA08CP-8 44.5cm 15.74 0.1243 0.0403 372.196 56.183 47.193 348.058 703.551 BA08CP-8 - Average 44.5cm 15.63 0.1167 0.0426 365.296 53.166 44.916 342.844 690.783 BA08CP-8 45.5cm 16.15 0.0783 0.0656 256.226 34.517 19.449 201.972 581.822 BA08CP-8 45.5cm 16.17 0.0757 0.0679 244.766 33.331 18.368 189.883 560.687 BA08CP-8 - Average 45.5cm 16.16 0.077 0.0668 250.496 33.913 18.886 195.903 571.349 BA08CP-8 46.5cm 19.37 0.0781 0.0796 241.543 28.437 16.809 182.148 562.723 BA08CP-8 46.5cm 19.31 0.0739 0.0839 230.068 27 15.697 169.264 541.824 BA08CP-8 - Average 46.5cm 19.34 0.076 0.0817 235.805 27.7 16.232 175.685 552.232 BA08CP-8 47.5cm 12.03 0.052 0.071 297.884 31.882 18.742 261.764 642.716 BA08CP-8 47.5cm 11.83 0.049 0.074 295.244 30.576 17.395 251.637 650.963 BA08CP-8 - Average 47.5cm 11.93 0.0505 0.0725 296.564 31.216 18.038 256.751 646.752 BA08CP-8 48.5cm 15.53 0.0574 0.0848 230.754 26.695 16.424 159.69 555.846 BA08CP-8 48.5cm 15.63 0.0608 0.0808 233.073 28.024 16.285 162.396 559.498 BA08CP-8 - Average 48.5cm 15.58 0.0591 0.0828 231.913 27.343 16.354 161.027 557.681 BA08CP-8 49.5cm 18.06 0.0992 0.0581 313.47 38.947 26.029 281.9 653.597 BA08CP-8 49.5cm 17.61 0.0939 0.0597 310.002 37.919 24.703 278.229 649.864 BA08CP-8 - Average 49.5cm 17.84 0.0966 0.0589 311.736 38.426 25.351 280.083 651.738 BA08CP-8 50.5cm 18.48 0.0544 0.107 283.181 21.224 13.712 236.941 641.924 BA08CP-8 50.5cm 18.54 0.0599 0.0973 295.487 23.271 14.524 255.47 656.401 BA08CP-8 - Average 50.5cm 18.51 0.0572 0.102 289.334 22.2 14.107 246.197 649.436
121
APPENDIX D
MICROFOSSILS
Microfossils: BA08CP-7A.
C. H. P. D. R. Total Total Ostracode Depth Total americana setipunctata bicelliforma inopinata multicarnata Gastropods Forams % of total Core (cm) (N) % of total % of total % of total % of total % of total % % microfossil 7A 0.5 47 44 28 6 19 3 6 0 68 7A 1.5 36 23 73 0 4 0 4 0 72 7A 2.5 32 35 59 6 0 0 6 0 53 7A 3.5 36 71 24 5 0 0 6 0 58 7A 4.5 58 25 35 9 27 4 1 0 95 7A 5.5 19 26 21 16 37 0 0 0 100 7A 6.5 11 64 27 0 9 0 0 0 100 7A 7.5 12 42 25 0 33 0 0 0 100 7A 8.5 11 36 18 0 36 9 0 0 100 7A 9.5 17 65 6 0 29 0 0 0 100 7A 10.5 18 61 0 11 28 0 0 0 100 7A 11.5 18 44 11 6 39 0 0 0 100 7A 12.5 7 67 17 0 17 0 0.4 0 86 7A 13.5 23 50 35 5 10 0 1 0 87 7A 14.5 12 64 9 9 18 0 0.4 0 92 7A 15.5 11 73 0 0 27 0 0 0 100 7A 16.5 16 56 13 6 25 0 0 0 100 7A 17.5 14 71 0 7 21 0 0 0 100 7A 18.5 29 69 17 3 10 0 0 0 100 7A 19.5 27 69 23 0 8 0 0 0.3 96 7A 20.5 12 64 18 0 18 0 0.4 0 92 7A 21.5 13 83 0 17 0 0 0 0.3 92 7A 22.5 13 62 15 15 8 0 0 0 100 7A 23.5 16 75 13 13 0 0 0 0 100 7A 24.5 31 84 6 3 6 0 0 0 100 7A 25.5 26 85 8 0 8 0 0 0 100 7A 26.5 28 96 0 0 4 0 0 0 100 7A 27.5 21 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 28.5 22 86 14 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 29.5 25 72 28 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 30.5 19 89 11 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 31.5 31 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 32.5 17 88 12 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 33.5 25 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 122 7A 34.5 19 89 11 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 35.5 14 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 36.5 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 37.5 37 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 38.5 16 88 13 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 39.5 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 40.5 8 88 13 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 41.5 14 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 42.5 19 89 11 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 43.5 16 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 44.5 9 78 0 22 0 0 0 0 100 7A 45.5 18 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 46.5 3 67 0 33 0 0 0 0 100 7A 47.5 14 71 0 29 0 0 0 0 100 7A 48.5 26 76 0 24 0 0 0 0.3 96 7A 49.5 23 90 0 10 0 0 1 0 87 7A 50.5 30 86 4 11 0 0 0.4 0.3 93 7A 51.5 28 86 4 11 0 0 0 0 100 7A 52.5 26 100 0 0 0 0 1 0 88 7A 53.5 24 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 54.5 26 96 0 4 0 0 0.4 0 96 7A 55.5 5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7A 56.5 38 72 22 6 0 0 2 0 84 7A 57.5 48 71 23 6 0 0 5 0 73 7A 58.5 25 68 8 24 0 0 0 0 100 7A 59.5 9 67 0 33 0 0 0 0 100 7A 60.5 52 94 0 6 0 0 0 0 100 7A 61.5 29 90 0 10 0 0 0 0 100 7A 62.5 23 91 0 9 0 0 0 0 100 7A 63.5 17 88 0 12 0 0 0 0 100 7A 64.5 28 86 4 11 0 0 0 0 100 7A 65.5 36 94 0 6 0 0 0 0 100 7A 66.5 40 95 0 5 0 0 0 0 100 7A 67.5 20 89 0 11 0 0 0.4 0 95 7A 68.5 45 78 7 16 0 0 0 0 100 7A 69.5 43 84 2 14 0 0 0 0 100 7A 70.5 18 76 0 12 0 12 0 0.3 94 7A 71.5 24 96 0 4 0 0 0 0.3 96 7A 72.5 33 91 0 9 0 0 0 0 100 7A 73.5 22 77 9 14 0 0 0 0 100
123 Microfossils: BA08CP-7B
C. H. P. D. R. Total Total Ostracode Depth Total americana setipunctata bicelliforma inopinata multicarnata Gastropod Forams % of total Core (cm) (N) % of total % of total % of total % of total % of total % % microfossil 7B 0.5 77 97 0 3 0 0 1 1 92 7B 1.5 71 96 1 3 0 0 1 0 96 7B 2.5 28 96 4 0 0 0 0 0.3 96 7B 3.5 9 100 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 89 7B 4.5 20 92 0 8 0 0 0 2 65 7B 5.5 39 97 0 3 0 0 0 2 85 7B 6.5 42 91 6 3 0 0 1 1 83 7B 7.5 57 92 0 8 0 0 0.4 1 91 7B 8.5 18 100 0 0 0 0 0 1 83 7B 9.5 30 100 0 0 0 0 0 1 90 7B 10.5 32 100 0 0 0 0 2 2 63 7B 11.5 12 100 0 0 0 0 0 1 83 7B 12.5 28 92 0 8 0 0 0 1 89 7B 13.5 18 64 9 27 0 0 0 2 61 7B 14.5 21 90 0 10 0 0 1 3 48 7B 15.5 13 67 0 33 0 0 0 2 46 7B 16.5 39 88 4 8 0 0 0.4 3 67 7B 17.5 12 75 0 13 13 0 0 1 67 7B 18.5 17 86 0 14 0 0 0.4 3 41 7B 19.5 30 25 13 44 19 0 0.4 4 53 7B 20.5 62 48 2 12 38 0 1 5 68 7B 21.5 44 34 6 28 31 0 1 3 73 7B 22.5 53 59 10 15 15 0 2 2 74 7B 23.5 70 65 11 13 11 0 4 4 66 7B 24.5 43 81 4 11 4 0 1 4 63 7B 25.5 28 58 5 21 16 0 0 3 68 7B 26.5 28 77 0 23 0 0 2 3 46 7B 27.5 39 64 4 28 0 4 2 2 64 7B 28.5 20 75 0 19 6 0 1 1 80 7B 29.5 13 67 17 17 0 0 1 1 46 7B 30.5 44 54 4 43 0 0 6 1 64 7B 31.5 66 86 0 14 0 0 6 3 64 7B 32.5 52 82 0 18 0 0 2 4 63 7B 33.5 54 61 0 39 0 0 3 5 52 7B 34.5 43 75 0 25 0 0 4 3 56 7B 35.5 15 50 0 33 0 17 0.4 2 40 7B 36.5 22 78 0 22 0 0 0.4 3 41 7B 37.5 15 38 0 50 13 0 1 1 53 7B 38.5 17 31 0 62 0 8 0.4 1 76 7B 39.5 41 39 11 36 0 14 1 3 68 7B 40.5 25 67 7 20 0 7 1 2 60 7B 41.5 30 64 4 24 0 8 1 1 83 7B 42.5 33 65 0 27 4 4 0 2 79 7B 43.5 31 65 13 17 0 4 2 1 74 124 7B 44.5 43 67 17 8 0 8 4 3 56 7B 45.5 47 83 2 7 0 7 2 0.3 87 7B 46.5 35 58 4 19 4 15 2 1 74 7B 47.5 44 59 0 35 0 6 1 2 77 7B 48.5 48 56 6 29 0 9 4 1 71
125
APPENDIX E
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-1
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 21.02.00 G39 49.9199 6.8633 14.6787 16.2040 64.9406 1.5 21.02.00 G26 50.5730 6.2349 13.6560 15.0120 65.4600 2.5 21.02.00 G80 48.7922 6.8870 14.5114 16.0628 64.6115 3.5 21.02.00 G110 48.6882 6.8675 15.1383 16.6232 65.5985 4.5 21.02.00 G125 48.3542 7.0381 14.5058 16.1230 64.1176 5.5 21.02.00 G99 48.3782 7.7075 17.1139 18.7694 65.7548 6.5 21.02.00 G89 48.3012 7.2246 16.4489 17.9655 66.2881 7.5 21.02.00 G96 50.0803 6.7453 16.0402 17.4008 67.1920 8.5 21.02.00 G77 51.9238 7.0187 15.7779 17.2686 66.0183 9.5 21.02.00 G115 51.9751 6.6288 15.4229 16.7871 66.7417 10.5 21.02.00 G131 46.2352 7.3959 15.7231 17.3757 64.8085 11.5 21.02.00 G50 53.8628 6.9065 15.8936 17.3294 66.5128 12.5 21.02.00 G51 55.7704 5.7423 13.9038 15.0429 67.5591 13.5 21.02.00 G121 53.2644 6.3774 15.9152 17.1454 68.1636 14.5 21.02.00 G84 53.2124 6.0064 14.3085 15.5180 67.2283 15.5 21.02.00 G135 53.2808 5.2587 14.5630 15.4834 70.1454 16.5 21.02.00 G64 53.5850 5.6826 16.5747 17.5217 71.0757 17.5 21.02.00 G66 54.8195 5.9891 15.0186 16.1688 68.2589 18.5 21.02.00 G118 53.3527 5.3688 15.0137 15.9447 70.3231 19.5 21.02.00 G127 53.1881 5.3086 14.1475 15.1106 69.4323 20.5 21.02.00 G31 62.8807 3.9812 15.0370 15.5551 75.1705 21.5 21.02.00 G118 48.4109 3.9524 14.4803 15.0100 74.7328 22.5 21.02.00 G95 48.0305 4.7829 16.3652 17.0498 73.7085 23.5 21.02.00 G115 44.3272 4.6880 16.0226 16.6943 73.6912 24.5 21.02.00 G90 45.9740 4.2592 14.0397 14.6715 73.1238 25.5 21.02.00 G81 56.5695 4.8221 14.2363 15.0308 71.2879 26.5 21.02.00 G104 51.9229 4.3915 15.4440 16.0562 74.1270 27.5 21.02.00 G106 51.8204 4.3785 13.7843 14.4630 72.3780 28.5 21.02.00 G103 48.7761 4.2205 16.3874 16.9222 75.5575 29.5 21.02.00 G158 47.9109 4.4119 16.2966 16.8832 74.8516 30.5 21.02.00 G77 53.3130 4.3587 17.7468 18.2742 76.2009 31.5 21.02.00 G95 50.7557 4.1361 16.9142 17.4126 76.2590 32.5 21.02.00 G60 56.3960 4.4183 16.6684 17.2441 75.1541 33.5 21.02.00 G92 51.1424 5.2031 16.7179 17.5088 72.7124 34.5 21.02.00 G62 49.4258 5.2910 18.8930 19.6199 74.3549
126 35.5 21.02.00 G65 51.2820 4.9256 18.2647 18.9172 74.9075 36.5 21.02.00 G54 45.6968 3.4287 13.9724 14.3869 76.2124 37.5 21.02.00 G99 39.0146 3.7540 15.4902 15.9385 76.3773 38.5 21.02.00 G125 36.9676 3.7817 12.1921 12.7651 72.7673 39.5 21.02.00 G160 50.0052 3.4666 15.0295 15.4241 77.0116 40.5 21.02.00 G15 66.8823 2.5181 13.1744 13.4129 79.1792 41.5 21.02.00 G85 55.5161 3.5256 15.6185 16.0114 77.2797 42.5 21.02.00 G86 56.4909 4.4344 19.4210 19.9209 77.1381 43.5 21.02.00 G64 50.6186 3.6139 16.7993 17.1836 77.8595 44.5 21.02.00 G76 52.1109 3.6120 16.6905 17.0768 77.7890 45.5 21.02.00 G71 47.7584 2.9228 15.5717 15.8436 79.3693 46.5 21.02.00 G131 54.1119 3.7253 16.8891 17.2950 77.5613 47.5 21.02.00 G37 53.2102 3.6462 15.1248 15.5581 76.4463 48.5 21.02.00 G74 48.9097 3.6407 14.9496 15.3865 76.3130 49.5 21.02.00 G81 46.9094 3.3912 17.3183 17.6472 78.9208 50.5 21.02.00 G57 53.7596 3.8789 16.6178 17.0645 76.8615 51.5 21.02.00 G72 51.6358 3.9474 16.9273 17.3815 76.8735 52.5 21.02.00 G81 52.3616 4.0402 16.2565 16.7511 76.0432 53.5 21.02.00 G73 51.3285 3.8363 16.5441 16.9831 76.9447 54.5 21.02.00 G90 50.7974 4.1762 18.1659 18.6397 77.0532 55.5 21.02.00 G69 52.1155 3.9812 18.7958 19.2128 78.0406 56.5 21.02.00 G100 52.1431 3.1214 18.0420 18.3101 80.1844 57.5 21.02.00 G68 50.4181 3.4948 14.8482 15.2539 76.7553 58.5 21.02.00 G79 49.9061 3.0709 16.2567 16.5442 79.3030 59.5 21.02.00 G72 53.8548 3.2792 16.0206 16.3528 78.4320 60.5 21.02.00 G56 55.7428 2.9758 16.6262 16.8904 79.8523 61.5 21.02.00 G93 55.9305 2.9497 16.1390 16.4063 79.6423 62.5 21.02.00 G78 51.2627 3.1969 19.0909 19.3567 80.4937 63.5 21.02.00 G97 56.7716 3.8427 17.8386 18.2478 77.8433 64.5 21.02.00 G113 54.0913 3.6985 18.3066 18.6765 78.5783 65.5 21.02.00 G73 55.0068 3.0838 14.1087 14.4417 77.6705 66.5 21.02.00 G67 50.2839 2.6359 15.5176 15.7398 80.3596 67.5 21.02.00 G57 52.3234 2.6141 14.4310 14.6659 79.7324 68.5 21.02.00 G63 43.0195 2.3949 9.9995 10.2823 76.5314 69.5 21.02.00 G16 51.8453 1.9743 11.7579 11.9225 80.4681
127 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-1B.
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 22.02.00 G98 55.1426 4.1776 12.1343 12.8333 71.0026 1.5 22.02.00 G55 52.6789 5.5930 11.8616 13.1141 64.7552 2.5 22.02.00 G88 51.4036 7.4256 15.6580 17.3295 64.6278 3.5 22.02.00 G79 55.1181 6.0040 15.0186 16.1742 68.2098 4.5 22.02.00 G73 54.5187 6.2667 15.4262 16.6505 67.8911 5.5 22.02.00 G91 56.9175 5.3636 15.6306 16.5252 71.0605 6.5 22.02.00 G71 51.4797 7.3916 16.0478 17.6683 65.2692 7.5 22.02.00 G135 58.2085 3.9385 13.9736 14.5180 74.2592 8.5 22.02.00 G82 58.2888 4.2462 14.8209 15.4172 74.0128 9.5 22.02.00 G70 51.2058 5.7571 16.1779 17.1717 70.4113 10.5 22.02.00 G89 50.5358 4.4714 14.7918 15.4528 73.1806 11.5 22.02.00 G61 48.1186 4.4546 16.2264 16.8268 74.6490 12.5 22.02.00 G63 49.3019 4.8379 18.3320 18.9596 75.2165 13.5 22.02.00 G58 49.6408 3.9099 14.0798 14.6126 74.4801 14.5 22.02.00 G58 53.7924 5.4984 16.5938 17.4810 71.6672 15.5 22.02.00 G67 51.8002 4.7672 17.1619 17.8117 74.4758 16.5 22.02.00 G92 51.1674 5.3388 17.3708 18.1727 72.9157 17.5 22.02.00 G82 47.2813 4.8317 18.0216 18.6580 74.9916 18.5 22.02.00 G88 50.9297 5.0454 20.7554 21.3598 76.3370 19.5 22.02.00 G62 52.4567 4.2066 17.6071 18.1027 76.5631 20.5 22.02.00 G80 49.2141 3.8852 17.0455 17.4827 77.1598 21.5 22.02.00 G86 50.4080 4.7947 18.7200 19.3243 75.6338 22.5 22.02.00 G70 62.4646 3.7711 17.8539 18.2478 78.0732 23.5 22.02.00 G97 50.0418 4.6263 16.3346 16.9771 74.1869 24.5 22.02.00 G83 50.6259 4.4082 17.5955 18.1393 75.9353 25.5 22.02.00 G64 43.7175 3.7396 15.3454 15.7945 76.3042 26.5 22.02.00 G65 45.2433 3.9569 16.5767 17.0424 76.5747 27.5 22.02.00 G56 45.1196 4.3156 14.3269 14.9627 73.2363 28.5 22.02.00 G135 50.4951 2.8795 12.4018 12.7317 76.9284 29.5 22.02.00 G77 52.6332 3.6738 16.4173 16.8233 77.3863 30.5 22.02.00 G130 58.8393 2.9779 14.4983 14.8010 78.3932 31.5 22.02.00 G69 52.8349 4.2276 15.1881 15.7655 74.4455 32.5 22.02.00 G54 52.2173 3.9923 16.9691 17.4324 76.7609 33.5 22.02.00 G70 43.1278 2.8137 15.8910 16.1382 79.9593 34.5 22.02.00 G65 50.0288 4.0819 19.4179 19.8423 78.1284 35.5 22.02.00 G118 60.4033 2.8242 15.2142 15.4741 79.4838 36.5 22.02.00 G65 48.0195 3.8924 14.7999 15.3032 75.2649 37.5 22.02.00 G69 50.7699 3.7766 18.8183 19.1935 78.6521 38.5 22.02.00 G48 56.7791 4.2838 18.0079 18.5104 76.6189 39.5 22.02.00 G55 54.2468 4.2128 16.5967 17.1230 75.7573 40.5 22.02.00 G81 56.3490 3.4753 18.0005 18.3329 79.0725 41.5 22.02.00 G70 53.5036 4.0712 18.0022 18.4568 77.2568 42.5 22.02.00 G100 65.6553 2.4596 15.6332 15.8255 81.0590 43.5 22.02.00 G72 52.5503 3.6274 18.3687 18.7235 78.8290 44.5 22.02.00 G84 53.0756 4.0076 18.1400 18.5775 77.5421 128 45.5 22.02.00 G97 57.4026 3.4898 18.4409 18.7682 79.2841 46.5 22.02.00 G82 51.9749 3.8443 18.3751 18.7729 78.1833 47.5 22.02.00 G65 55.9189 4.0211 19.5054 19.9156 78.3514 48.5 22.02.00 G77 62.2257 2.9485 17.3170 17.5663 80.3371 49.5 22.02.00 G75 51.7866 3.5336 19.3072 19.6279 79.6284 50.5 22.02.00 G92 52.4560 3.8250 18.7157 19.1026 78.4494 51.5 22.02.00 G79 54.0917 3.2300 18.2382 18.5220 79.9570 52.5 22.02.00 G77 51.5266 2.7883 14.0929 14.3661 78.8084 53.5 22.02.00 G103 49.1041 3.3375 14.5462 14.9241 77.0777 54.5 22.02.00 G81 52.5283 2.5116 13.3681 13.6020 79.3594 55.5 22.02.00 G63 53.8963 3.7674 16.6104 17.0323 77.2209 56.5 22.02.00 G65 48.1809 3.3434 16.6301 16.9628 78.6324 57.5 22.02.00 G76 50.8644 2.8349 18.1121 18.3326 81.1042 58.5 22.02.00 G94 49.8669 2.9460 12.8995 13.2316 77.1352 59.5 22.02.00 G84 57.6555 3.3815 20.2053 20.4863 80.4993 60.5 22.02.00 G76 53.1166 3.5878 19.7959 20.1184 79.7271 61.5 22.02.00 G96 52.1781 2.8964 16.8718 17.1186 80.2590 62.5 22.02.00 G59 52.4032 3.1372 15.8436 16.1512 78.7999 63.5 22.02.00 G35 58.9823 2.8918 16.1463 16.4033 79.8458 64.5 22.02.00 G81 63.0980 2.1488 16.4010 16.5412 82.5358 65.5 22.02.00 G73 63.3037 2.4376 15.2956 15.4886 80.9452 66.5 22.02.00 G87 50.8965 2.7751 15.4254 15.6730 79.8013 67.5 22.02.00 G69 61.2359 2.0129 13.4569 13.6066 81.4926 68.5 22.02.00 G101 54.5421 2.6735 14.2524 14.5010 79.3759 69.5 22.02.00 G112 58.7912 2.2620 16.5355 16.6895 82.2104
129 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-3B
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 22.02.00 G14 52.470 5.742 15.806 16.816 70.034 1.5 22.02.00 G29 50.695 5.280 10.666 11.901 63.664 2.5 22.02.00 G6 54.395 3.973 14.143 14.691 74.308 3.5 22.02.00 G14 59.679 3.039 13.824 14.154 77.601 4.5 22.02.00 G62 56.069 4.443 16.109 16.711 74.580 5.5 22.02.00 G41 56.827 3.783 16.296 16.729 76.932 6.5 22.02.00 G39 57.419 4.036 16.131 16.628 75.954 7.5 22.02.00 G83 60.464 3.665 16.225 16.633 77.271 8.5 22.02.00 G83 54.622 4.045 15.937 16.442 75.759 9.5 22.02.00 G70 54.881 3.153 15.784 16.096 78.702 10.5 22.02.00 G47 55.119 3.622 16.795 17.181 77.829 11.5 22.02.00 G47 55.084 3.537 14.617 15.039 76.397 12.5 22.02.00 G42 54.490 3.599 16.816 17.197 77.921 13.5 22.02.00 G45 58.730 3.881 15.520 15.998 75.959 14.5 22.02.00 G47 56.190 3.177 15.617 15.936 78.502 15.5 22.02.00 G46 55.839 3.413 16.464 16.814 78.290 16.5 22.02.00 G55 52.333 3.545 15.947 16.336 77.468 17.5 22.02.00 G50 53.020 3.271 14.955 15.309 77.662 18.5 22.02.00 G55 54.484 3.538 18.582 18.916 79.221 19.5 22.02.00 G59 53.557 2.941 14.335 14.634 78.407 20.5 22.02.00 G62 58.497 2.893 14.560 14.844 78.760 21.5 22.02.00 G55 49.279 2.913 16.426 16.682 79.945 22.5 22.02.00 G68 49.577 2.916 16.000 16.264 79.672 23.5 22.02.00 G48 54.733 2.142 13.771 13.937 81.159 24.5 22.02.00 G104 50.702 2.181 16.580 16.723 82.507 25.5 22.02.00 G85 39.312 2.436 12.326 12.564 78.819 26.5 22.02.00 G64 49.648 2.631 15.523 15.744 80.381 27.5 22.02.00 G64 56.211 2.547 15.775 15.979 80.828 28.5 22.02.00 G56 54.136 2.492 14.829 15.037 80.459 29.5 22.02.00 G94 53.564 2.149 12.618 12.800 80.335 30.5 22.02.00 G40 56.797 3.492 16.870 17.228 78.307 31.5 22.02.00 G70 49.498 2.719 13.689 13.956 78.765 32.5 22.02.00 G85 53.972 2.310 15.162 15.337 81.339 33.5 22.02.00 G25 60.116 1.666 12.305 12.417 82.291 34.5 22.02.00 G6 58.546 1.746 11.985 12.112 81.712 35.5 22.02.00 G53 55.708 2.151 13.705 13.873 81.079 36.5 22.02.00 G78 53.203 2.375 13.873 14.074 80.287 37.5 22.02.00 G32 53.364 2.706 13.507 13.775 78.672 38.5 22.02.00 G20 53.574 3.160 15.407 15.728 78.408 39.5 22.02.00 G66 50.511 3.445 16.576 16.930 78.261 40.5 22.02.00 G51 49.277 2.952 14.996 15.284 78.863 41.5 22.02.00 G77 53.794 3.620 16.625 17.014 77.717 42.5 22.02.00 G85 54.516 1.819 14.527 14.641 82.864 43.5 22.02.00 G71 57.714 1.613 13.017 13.117 82.937 44.5 22.02.00 G72 58.154 1.577 13.539 13.631 83.358 130 45.5 22.02.00 G56 56.365 1.943 14.646 14.774 82.444 46.5 22.02.00 G46 56.749 2.156 14.344 14.505 81.453 47.5 22.02.00 G60 57.220 2.032 14.795 14.934 82.180 48.5 22.02.00 G53 54.112 2.233 14.858 15.024 81.452 49.5 22.02.00 G55 55.833 1.917 13.691 13.825 82.029 50.5 22.02.00 G78 63.290 0.787 12.792 12.816 86.479 51.5 22.02.00 G52 57.680 1.826 14.381 14.496 82.765 52.5 22.02.00 G75 61.919 1.089 14.239 14.280 85.625 53.5 22.02.00 G80 57.766 1.850 16.176 16.282 83.476 54.5 22.02.00 G72 59.008 1.698 15.091 15.186 83.581 55.5 22.02.00 G51 61.992 1.666 13.580 13.682 83.008 56.5 22.02.00 G78 61.280 1.931 14.263 14.394 82.289 57.5 22.02.00 G109 59.589 1.527 14.286 14.367 83.898 58.5 22.02.00 G94 59.592 1.266 12.934 12.996 84.408 59.5 22.02.00 G50 57.454 1.503 12.586 12.675 83.189 60.5 22.02.00 G74 60.235 1.696 14.450 14.550 83.308 61.5 22.02.00 G48 62.466 1.786 14.136 14.248 82.798 62.5 22.02.00 G68 58.054 1.760 13.882 13.994 82.776 63.5 22.02.00 G95 53.651 4.631 19.143 19.695 76.401 64.5 22.02.00 G23 60.213 1.843 13.785 13.907 82.387 65.5 22.02.00 G49 56.198 2.564 16.156 16.359 80.982 66.5 22.02.00 G44 61.081 1.139 13.589 13.637 85.208 67.5 22.02.00 G55 53.845 2.804 14.935 15.196 79.368 68.5 22.02.00 G69 60.484 1.224 12.910 12.968 84.585 69.5 22.02.00 G78 51.684 0.820 10.733 10.765 85.632 70.5 22.02.00 G43 54.447 0.580 10.144 10.160 86.727 71.5 22.02.00 G41 55.614 1.258 11.408 11.478 83.706 72.5 22.02.00 G37 55.197 3.827 15.089 15.567 75.768
131 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-4
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G69 45.2433 5.5933 13.6190 14.7228 67.6720 1.5 09.03.00 G89 50.2516 6.0794 13.8784 15.1515 66.3442 2.5 09.03.00 G48 50.6545 6.4950 14.8893 16.2442 66.4321 3.5 09.03.00 G51 50.4258 7.0028 16.0148 17.4789 66.3816 4.5 09.03.00 G58 52.2644 6.8436 15.9569 17.3625 66.7865 5.5 09.03.00 G60 51.2682 7.1000 16.0140 17.5173 66.0893 6.5 09.03.00 G57 52.1619 6.8250 15.5617 16.9925 66.3189 7.5 09.03.00 G53 52.1191 6.3949 14.9943 16.3010 66.9023 8.5 09.03.00 G67 51.8085 6.9191 15.8225 17.2692 66.3806 9.5 09.03.00 G60 51.6028 6.9376 16.0146 17.4527 66.5775 10.5 09.03.00 G58 53.5338 7.0245 16.6070 18.0315 67.0725 11.5 09.03.00 G51 53.1448 6.5256 15.6300 16.9376 67.3391 12.5 09.03.00 G44 54.1782 6.7772 15.7511 17.1472 66.7192 13.5 09.03.00 G44 53.6533 6.7053 15.3315 16.7337 66.3778 14.5 09.03.00 G54 52.8797 6.7148 16.1279 17.4699 67.3958 15.5 09.03.00 G54 53.1688 6.8361 16.0006 17.3998 66.8659 16.5 09.03.00 G47 54.5540 6.8552 16.5058 17.8728 67.4460 17.5 09.03.00 G53 53.8593 6.5004 15.8663 17.1462 67.7211 18.5 09.03.00 G69 50.8663 6.6305 16.1524 17.4603 67.6820 19.5 09.03.00 G56 52.0661 5.9345 15.3989 16.5029 68.9241 20.5 09.03.00 G49 52.4035 4.5028 14.5053 15.1881 72.7543 21.5 09.03.00 G56 59.9461 4.4335 14.5200 15.1818 73.0205 22.5 09.03.00 G50 54.0695 5.6313 16.8112 17.7293 71.4805 23.5 09.03.00 G59 54.5616 5.4227 16.5357 17.4022 71.8436 24.5 09.03.00 G50 54.2548 5.8297 16.1915 17.2091 70.1987 25.5 09.03.00 G58 45.4386 6.1383 17.1171 18.1844 70.2719 26.5 09.03.00 G71 50.8592 6.1844 18.6412 19.6403 71.6461 27.5 09.03.00 G74 48.0903 5.2487 17.5497 18.3177 73.3494 28.5 09.03.00 G42 44.9753 3.9076 12.7646 13.3493 72.9793 29.5 09.03.00 G76 41.7244 4.5307 14.8434 15.5195 73.0261 30.5 09.03.00 G80 56.6679 4.1792 19.4247 19.8691 77.8578 31.5 09.03.00 G75 48.4647 4.1746 18.0141 18.4915 76.9525 32.5 09.03.00 G82 56.0597 3.8269 16.6742 17.1077 77.0738 33.5 09.03.00 G56 56.7847 4.6438 19.6189 20.1610 76.6831 34.5 09.03.00 G85 51.7859 4.0000 15.7429 16.2431 75.7437 35.5 09.03.00 G78 51.3466 4.1793 18.7911 19.2502 77.4612 36.5 09.03.00 G60 60.8822 4.0541 18.3867 18.8284 77.5659 37.5 09.03.00 G53 51.4468 3.5667 16.8577 17.2309 78.0539 38.5 09.03.00 G56 55.8968 4.3732 16.4167 16.9892 75.0837 39.5 09.03.00 G65 53.1144 3.7044 17.9265 18.3053 78.3246 40.5 09.03.00 G67 50.7510 3.9486 17.4747 17.9153 77.2671 41.5 09.03.00 G49 51.0680 4.1480 15.7652 16.3018 75.2589 42.5 09.03.00 G51 51.7501 4.1358 17.3430 17.8293 76.5871 43.5 09.03.00 G58 54.4217 4.1515 20.4193 20.8370 78.5078 44.5 09.03.00 G59 50.6882 3.6190 16.3650 16.7604 77.5301 132 45.5 09.03.00 G47 53.1264 3.0871 17.6645 17.9322 80.0869 46.5 09.03.00 G57 58.8352 4.0011 19.1318 19.5457 78.1878 47.5 09.03.00 G40 52.7440 3.8867 15.5474 16.0259 75.9643 48.5 09.03.00 G54 56.7697 2.8040 13.7437 14.0268 78.4688 49.5 09.03.00 G44 56.4439 3.2669 15.0900 15.4396 77.7842 50.5 09.03.00 G53 54.4632 3.6424 16.0382 16.4466 77.2048 51.5 09.03.00 G43 54.5583 3.5435 16.2636 16.6451 77.7084 52.5 09.03.00 G70 55.4306 3.9107 17.8987 18.3209 77.6752 53.5 09.03.00 G68 52.6578 3.9098 16.6998 17.1513 76.8232 54.5 09.03.00 G27 56.8797 3.1851 15.1587 15.4897 78.1338 55.5 09.03.00 G90 56.9578 3.2438 15.6128 15.9462 78.2629 56.5 09.03.00 G50 59.4384 3.2138 16.0288 16.3478 78.6623 57.5 09.03.00 G89 61.3744 1.8451 14.4052 14.5229 82.7008 58.5 09.03.00 G87 53.0520 3.5731 16.1689 16.5590 77.5388 59.5 09.03.00 G76 55.8272 3.5509 17.6580 18.0115 78.6299 60.5 09.03.00 G69 51.8088 3.6509 17.7772 18.1482 78.3944 61.5 09.03.00 G85 44.7022 3.6898 16.0864 16.5041 77.0815 62.5 09.03.00 G68 52.1299 4.4055 16.8645 17.4304 75.3597 63.5 09.03.00 G58 54.8780 4.0887 14.7728 15.3282 74.5295 64.5 09.03.00 G5 53.3754 3.6629 13.9258 14.3994 75.2633
133 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-5
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G87 47.1562 5.7395 12.4570 13.7157 65.2624 1.5 09.03.00 G41 50.5360 6.2221 13.0763 14.4812 64.5537 2.5 09.03.00 G80 48.9894 6.9257 15.9504 17.3891 66.5293 3.5 09.03.00 G59 51.8316 6.2184 13.7526 15.0931 65.6694 4.5 09.03.00 G12 56.3614 4.4189 10.2856 11.1947 66.7508 5.5 09.03.00 G37 53.3509 4.1289 10.1182 10.9282 67.8015 6.5 09.03.00 G10 51.0085 5.4439 10.7299 12.0319 63.0987 7.5 09.03.00 G68 53.0844 5.4951 13.0264 14.1381 67.1278 8.5 09.03.00 G80 53.5738 6.5031 16.0578 17.3247 67.9529 9.5 09.03.00 G61 58.2166 4.9273 11.1953 12.2317 66.2446 10.5 09.03.00 G109 53.4312 5.4408 14.9574 15.9162 70.0111 11.5 09.03.00 G90 53.6169 4.8024 15.8473 16.5590 73.1410 12.5 09.03.00 G78 53.1610 6.7273 15.5906 16.9801 66.6599 13.5 09.03.00 G85 52.7327 4.8890 15.1341 15.9042 72.0971 14.5 09.03.00 G72 55.5857 5.9871 13.3055 14.5904 65.7735 15.5 09.03.00 G55 55.9162 5.5443 15.2948 16.2687 70.0746 16.5 09.03.00 G87 53.2796 6.2013 16.3376 17.4750 69.2146 17.5 09.03.00 G126 54.1577 5.0467 16.3424 17.1039 72.8388 18.5 09.03.00 G93 52.5696 5.9121 18.6583 19.5726 72.4185 19.5 09.03.00 G95 55.7913 5.5431 15.8450 16.7866 70.7186 20.5 09.03.00 G74 49.9105 5.2429 16.5267 17.3384 72.3989 21.5 09.03.00 G54 47.5029 3.9342 13.5903 14.1483 73.8549 22.5 09.03.00 G76 45.4525 5.4130 15.9325 16.8270 71.2349 23.5 09.03.00 G102 49.8365 3.5016 14.4375 14.8560 76.3670 24.5 09.03.00 G23 60.6980 4.1106 18.6337 19.0817 77.5597 25.5 09.03.00 G18 55.5227 2.4672 12.6861 12.9238 78.9944 26.5 09.03.00 G58 51.8776 4.4862 16.1009 16.7142 74.4306 27.5 09.03.00 G51 52.2498 5.3346 17.4081 18.2071 72.9627 28.5 09.03.00 G79 53.3846 4.3957 16.8197 17.3846 75.3537 29.5 09.03.00 G73 53.4648 4.0062 14.5517 15.0931 74.6074 30.5 09.03.00 G17 54.7889 3.9914 15.3403 15.8510 75.4154 31.5 09.03.00 G50 57.2314 4.2574 18.3308 18.8187 76.9245 32.5 09.03.00 G68 55.9608 4.3724 17.8228 18.3513 76.2160 33.5 09.03.00 G57 52.9712 4.1754 15.4946 16.0473 74.9186 34.5 09.03.00 G55 52.1838 4.4464 15.9191 16.5284 74.3944 35.5 09.03.00 G75 52.1432 3.8537 15.6824 16.1489 76.1942 36.5 09.03.00 G82 57.3840 4.4000 19.0772 19.5780 77.0124 37.5 09.03.00 G65 55.3110 4.4291 17.8455 18.3869 76.0614 38.5 09.03.00 G67 53.9418 4.4724 17.5681 18.1284 75.7173 39.5 09.03.00 G50 54.4760 4.0598 17.3311 17.8002 76.8163 40.5 09.03.00 G66 55.0700 4.0892 16.5053 17.0043 76.0851 41.5 09.03.00 G45 53.9012 3.5682 18.8347 19.1697 79.2727 42.5 09.03.00 G14 57.5328 3.5109 15.0609 15.4647 76.8779 43.5 09.03.00 G51 57.9935 3.8166 18.6979 19.0834 78.4632 44.5 09.03.00 G61 54.5941 4.1632 17.5212 18.0090 76.6338 134 45.5 09.03.00 G57 52.1734 3.7066 15.3136 15.7558 76.3935 46.5 09.03.00 G69 56.4578 3.7672 15.9326 16.3719 76.6970 47.5 09.03.00 G61 53.9665 3.7959 15.4711 15.9300 76.2145 48.5 09.03.00 G44 53.7687 3.7601 15.0687 15.5307 75.9889 49.5 09.03.00 G37 55.4020 3.4031 14.8388 15.2241 77.0831 50.5 09.03.00 G56 60.8549 3.0742 15.3169 15.6224 78.6512 51.5 09.03.00 G58 50.6954 3.2095 14.0663 14.4278 77.1470 52.5 09.03.00 G55 37.1025 2.6502 9.2757 9.6468 74.0546 53.5 09.03.00 G99 50.7970 3.1645 14.3068 14.6526 77.5278 54.5 09.03.00 G75 51.7111 3.0847 14.1795 14.5111 77.7269 55.5 09.03.00 G81 54.8788 3.2429 15.4990 15.8347 78.1824 56.5 09.03.00 G60 53.6234 3.8137 15.9269 16.3771 76.5341 57.5 09.03.00 G77 59.0721 2.4731 14.0438 14.2598 80.0128 58.5 09.03.00 G88 58.0497 3.7276 19.0825 19.4432 78.9470 59.5 09.03.00 G118 58.2981 3.6983 17.4132 17.8016 78.0095 60.5 09.03.00 G78 54.2640 4.2841 17.7048 18.2158 76.3974 61.5 09.03.00 G47 51.3457 4.2332 15.8833 16.4377 75.0766 62.5 09.03.00 G64 52.1303 3.8247 16.0014 16.4521 76.5573 63.5 09.03.00 G72 49.1768 4.3763 15.9099 16.5009 74.6201 64.5 09.03.00 G96 53.1823 3.9870 14.9901 15.5112 75.1053 65.5 09.03.00 G84 56.7296 3.6634 15.9864 16.4007 77.0930 66.5 09.03.00 G64 55.8969 3.6651 16.9105 17.3031 77.7709 67.5 09.03.00 G71 55.1346 3.6909 16.6133 17.0184 77.4742 68.5 09.03.00 G56 53.4413 3.5795 15.1451 15.5623 76.7024 69.5 09.03.00 G78 61.5435 2.1988 18.7188 18.8475 83.3005 70.5 09.03.00 G65 57.8305 3.9369 16.1287 16.6022 76.2827 71.5 09.03.00 G64 58.7264 3.7496 16.1203 16.5506 76.9058 72.5 09.03.00 G62 59.9459 4.6433 16.0697 16.7271 73.8836 73.5 09.03.00 G56 52.3723 3.3340 14.6720 15.0460 77.1976 74.5 09.03.00 G68 58.7373 3.7774 15.7896 16.2352 76.5459
135 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-6A
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G48 48.0049 6.6187 14.5611 15.9948 65.5561 1.5 09.03.00 G93 47.0805 6.9106 15.3846 16.8654 65.8107 2.5 09.03.00 G70 51.6439 6.5485 15.1439 16.4991 66.6152 3.5 09.03.00 G67 48.4895 6.7740 14.8873 16.3560 65.5336 4.5 09.03.00 G62 50.7888 7.4436 16.1596 17.7916 65.2679 5.5 09.03.00 G63 49.5837 6.9163 15.5511 17.0198 66.0230 6.5 09.03.00 G40 51.5223 7.2859 16.5681 18.0994 66.2624 7.5 09.03.00 G79 50.0134 7.2031 16.9628 18.4288 66.9918 8.5 09.03.00 G35 55.1113 5.4915 14.2635 15.2841 68.9432 9.5 09.03.00 G35 52.5240 6.0534 13.9216 15.1807 66.4997 10.5 09.03.00 G57 54.3310 6.2628 16.6117 17.7531 69.3430 11.5 09.03.00 G93 54.9870 6.1281 17.5253 18.5658 70.7266 12.5 09.03.00 G124 51.0092 5.4939 13.3559 14.4417 67.6405 13.5 09.03.00 G57 56.3828 5.5201 15.3534 16.3156 70.2246 14.5 09.03.00 G55 54.5607 6.2056 15.7696 16.9467 68.5195 15.5 09.03.00 G102 51.3013 5.0579 14.3194 15.1865 70.5457 16.5 09.03.00 G64 52.4504 7.4932 17.7671 19.2826 67.1326 17.5 09.03.00 G49 60.6260 4.6361 16.4724 17.1124 74.2811 18.5 09.03.00 G100 52.2329 6.6823 17.0757 18.3366 68.6280 19.5 09.03.00 G103 56.0544 5.3137 15.6375 16.5157 71.2321 20.5 09.03.00 G13 56.0719 6.1186 14.5173 15.7541 67.1460 21.5 09.03.00 G18 56.5657 4.7025 15.6217 16.3141 73.2471 22.5 09.03.00 G62 53.6515 5.4056 14.9478 15.8952 70.1183 23.5 09.03.00 G19 55.8669 5.7199 15.8956 16.8934 70.2091 24.5 09.03.00 G47 55.7022 6.3924 16.6883 17.8707 69.0409 25.5 09.03.00 G21 53.8668 4.6871 14.4024 15.1459 71.9731 26.5 09.03.00 G87 51.1800 6.2568 16.6405 17.7779 69.3938 27.5 09.03.00 G47 55.8056 5.0578 14.0056 14.8909 70.1438 28.5 09.03.00 G84 51.8353 6.0319 17.5940 18.5993 71.0763 29.5 09.03.00 G41 53.7837 4.5392 13.7745 14.5032 71.7610 30.5 09.03.00 G62 52.0326 6.3273 17.3986 18.5134 70.0153 31.5 09.03.00 G68 53.6487 6.4196 18.0712 19.1776 70.4429 32.5 09.03.00 G51 63.8365 5.1470 17.4565 18.1995 73.5721 33.5 09.03.00 G45 52.1934 5.9813 16.1053 17.1801 69.6257 34.5 09.03.00 G63 54.6996 6.9628 18.2520 19.5350 69.1189 35.5 09.03.00 G58 41.4476 5.7201 13.7855 14.9252 67.4647 36.5 09.03.00 G75 54.2005 2.9415 13.8444 14.1535 78.0048 37.5 09.03.00 G41 54.0870 4.1379 15.0168 15.5765 74.5944 38.5 09.03.00 G18 53.5397 5.0124 15.5279 16.3168 72.1098 39.5 09.03.00 G104 47.6051 5.8375 17.3061 18.2641 71.3601 40.5 09.03.00 G77 51.8704 5.4501 16.5080 17.3844 71.7293 41.5 09.03.00 G75 55.6071 5.9437 18.1109 19.0613 71.8310 42.5 09.03.00 G98 51.1989 5.2791 16.0652 16.9104 71.8091 43.5 09.03.00 G55 54.7450 5.7032 16.5910 17.5439 71.0296 44.5 09.03.00 G70 51.7010 5.7853 17.5819 18.5092 71.7862 136 45.5 09.03.00 G27 65.3166 2.9608 16.4624 16.7266 79.8044 46.5 09.03.00 G58 52.5349 4.6885 15.8103 16.4909 73.4824 47.5 09.03.00 G112 54.1451 5.0287 17.6960 18.3967 74.1365 48.5 09.03.00 G92 54.5942 4.4738 18.8647 19.3880 76.6588 49.5 09.03.00 G61 59.1556 3.6108 16.8740 17.2560 77.9215 50.5 09.03.00 G67 45.8197 4.8147 15.8611 16.5758 73.1141 51.5 09.03.00 G61 52.6304 5.1485 17.2926 18.0428 73.4204 52.5 09.03.00 G8 57.7564 4.3427 14.7838 15.4084 73.6300 53.5 09.03.00 G83 61.6889 3.9126 16.6017 17.0566 76.7389 54.5 09.03.00 G101 53.7960 4.9819 16.1860 16.9353 72.8923 55.5 09.03.00 G69 61.8920 3.0790 16.7506 17.0313 79.5844 56.5 09.03.00 G62 54.1081 3.7846 12.8734 13.4182 73.6175 57.5 09.03.00 G136 59.4043 2.7216 14.8512 15.0985 79.6152 58.5 09.03.00 G74 60.6056 1.9917 12.0296 12.1934 80.5992 59.5 09.03.00 G114 52.8750 2.5568 10.4028 10.7124 76.1915 60.5 09.03.00 G23 54.6258 4.3328 14.7001 15.3253 73.5774 61.5 09.03.00 G16 54.9668 3.9724 15.3728 15.8778 75.5116 62.5 09.03.00 G42 55.0313 3.4625 13.9733 14.3959 76.0829 63.5 09.03.00 G47 61.1840 3.1172 13.1113 13.4768 76.6262 64.5 09.03.00 G46 56.8489 4.0586 13.0763 13.6916 72.7570 65.5 09.03.00 G82 54.2951 4.2663 14.1114 14.7422 73.1786 66.5 09.03.00 G25 54.1405 3.5755 11.6429 12.1795 72.9286 67.5 09.03.00 G19 54.7016 3.5986 11.7525 12.2910 72.9755 68.5 09.03.00 G32 56.4919 4.4385 12.8055 13.5529 70.8834 69.5 09.03.00 G42 53.7985 4.7495 16.6147 17.2802 74.0468
137 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-6B.
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G79 48.1795 6.4554 16.5548 17.7689 68.6972 1.5 09.03.00 G68 53.8031 4.6817 15.7339 16.4156 73.4294 2.5 09.03.00 G70 57.5536 4.7265 14.3076 15.0680 71.7192 3.5 09.03.00 G49 57.8441 5.7777 17.0928 18.0429 71.3237 4.5 09.03.00 G45 55.1257 6.0950 16.0223 17.1425 69.1727 5.5 09.03.00 G66 58.7338 5.0832 17.4421 18.1677 73.7521 6.5 09.03.00 G79 59.3873 4.3482 17.5675 18.0976 76.0979 7.5 09.03.00 G79 62.6990 3.1605 16.1563 16.4625 78.9315 8.5 09.03.00 G89 57.8692 4.1819 17.8177 18.3019 76.7914 9.5 09.03.00 G69 59.7741 3.0726 14.1329 14.4631 77.7344 10.5 09.03.00 G72 51.8255 4.7422 16.3712 17.0442 73.8454 11.5 09.03.00 G76 60.2426 3.4982 17.2692 17.6200 78.5487 12.5 09.03.00 G72 54.8188 5.0836 19.9181 20.5566 75.6822 13.5 09.03.00 G32 51.8555 4.3383 14.0588 14.7129 72.8508 14.5 09.03.00 G25 55.5376 4.5195 14.6681 15.3486 72.8749 15.5 09.03.00 G77 54.3865 4.9272 15.0871 15.8713 71.9138 16.5 09.03.00 G76 62.1785 4.2933 19.0140 19.4927 77.2762 17.5 09.03.00 G78 55.0915 5.7998 16.8523 17.8224 71.0090 18.5 09.03.00 G88 56.3759 5.0599 19.4567 20.1039 75.4226 19.5 09.03.00 G58 52.9470 4.1315 13.8103 14.4151 73.3447 20.5 09.03.00 G77 56.9592 6.3606 17.7901 18.8929 70.3263 21.5 09.03.00 G65 55.3941 5.8711 16.5162 17.5287 70.4309 22.5 09.03.00 G81 59.9850 4.6428 16.4662 17.1082 74.2536 23.5 09.03.00 G50 55.8149 4.7127 16.1060 16.7813 73.6901 24.5 09.03.00 G89 59.1840 4.4854 18.7321 19.2616 76.5341 25.5 09.03.00 G102 61.7545 4.6322 20.6905 21.2027 77.3807 26.5 09.03.00 G65 52.9648 5.9348 18.3831 19.3173 72.1079 27.5 09.03.00 G60 57.6067 5.7037 17.3558 18.2689 71.8077 28.5 09.03.00 G41 59.0697 5.2708 19.1975 19.9079 74.6474 29.5 09.03.00 G59 50.0780 3.8478 17.2613 17.6850 77.4333 30.5 09.03.00 G58 51.2215 2.8190 14.8195 15.0852 79.2299 31.5 09.03.00 G6 51.3902 3.7732 16.4300 16.8577 77.0661 32.5 09.03.00 G55 56.4813 2.5297 15.0432 15.2544 80.4545 33.5 09.03.00 G76 52.9327 3.9198 17.7964 18.2230 77.5785 34.5 09.03.00 G54 57.2144 2.7802 14.7620 15.0215 79.3340 35.5 09.03.00 G57 54.9697 3.3340 15.5719 15.9248 77.9151 36.5 09.03.00 G49 57.0069 3.0458 15.1103 15.4142 78.6036 37.5 09.03.00 G53 53.3264 3.5246 15.1368 15.5417 76.8924 38.5 09.03.00 G70 57.9586 1.8555 12.9045 13.0372 81.8176 39.5 09.03.00 G72 56.9902 2.4820 13.5212 13.7471 79.5983 40.5 09.03.00 G68 57.3166 2.4906 13.7381 13.9620 79.7244 41.5 09.03.00 G27 59.0916 2.4699 13.2441 13.4725 79.4362 42.5 09.03.00 G16 62.0017 1.5556 13.1349 13.2267 83.2458 43.5 09.03.00 G84 57.4243 2.4255 13.7337 13.9462 79.9844 44.5 09.03.00 G84 56.7669 2.7021 14.5925 14.8405 79.5092 138 45.5 09.03.00 G50 47.3680 3.1747 10.9453 11.3964 73.8253 46.5 09.03.00 G40 56.4156 3.3163 15.8912 16.2336 78.2122 47.5 09.03.00 G70 60.2544 1.8997 14.2541 14.3802 82.4085 48.5 09.03.00 G76 58.9232 2.0623 14.1296 14.2793 81.6960 49.5 09.03.00 G77 60.1482 1.8637 13.8395 13.9645 82.3304 50.5 09.03.00 G88 57.3830 1.8693 13.8854 14.0107 82.3329 51.5 09.03.00 G62 62.0632 1.7746 14.9611 15.0660 83.2354 52.5 09.03.00 G73 60.5449 1.9327 14.3585 14.4880 82.3337 53.5 09.03.00 G107 53.7765 2.2540 14.2111 14.3888 80.9876 54.5 09.03.00 G80 62.8158 1.4411 15.1579 15.2263 84.5691 55.5 09.03.00 G73 59.4907 2.1332 14.7823 14.9354 81.7883 56.5 09.03.00 G58 57.2829 2.4546 16.4059 16.5885 81.4908 57.5 09.03.00 G74 55.1667 2.3267 15.9560 16.1248 81.7037 58.5 09.03.00 G46 55.6963 2.8143 16.0192 16.2645 80.0356 59.5 09.03.00 G95 53.6626 3.1026 16.6965 16.9824 79.4730 60.5 09.03.00 G72 56.9254 2.6098 14.5289 14.7614 79.8167 61.5 09.03.00 G55 56.0180 2.2055 12.5939 12.7855 80.0667 62.5 09.03.00 G1 61.4509 1.9120 12.1238 12.2736 81.0377
139 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-7A.
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G105 46.0126 6.1282 15.1285 16.3226 67.9482 1.5 09.03.00 G56 49.3006 7.0515 15.0817 16.6487 64.9412 2.5 09.03.00 G84 48.3022 7.0888 16.7919 18.2269 67.1126 3.5 09.03.00 G94 47.7963 7.5336 16.8954 18.4989 65.9680 4.5 09.03.00 G64 49.4881 7.4150 16.2599 17.8708 65.4854 5.5 09.03.00 G73 50.1881 7.2613 16.1904 17.7442 65.8441 6.5 09.03.00 G79 48.2023 6.9427 15.5579 17.0367 65.9511 7.5 09.03.00 G79 53.4435 6.4273 16.3829 17.5986 68.5789 8.5 09.03.00 G77 53.0358 6.9339 16.9504 18.3138 67.7520 9.5 09.03.00 G22 50.7467 8.8308 13.0038 15.7188 55.8200 10.5 09.03.00 G99 53.0210 6.7032 17.6980 18.9249 69.2555 11.5 09.03.00 G50 54.7174 6.0626 15.7864 16.9105 68.9913 12.5 09.03.00 G137 37.9727 5.5681 12.8493 14.0038 66.5708 13.5 09.03.00 G38 53.5304 6.7355 16.4504 17.7759 67.7336 14.5 09.03.00 G77 49.2425 5.6914 16.3083 17.2729 70.7617 15.5 09.03.00 G72 52.8473 6.1261 15.8791 17.0199 68.9037 16.5 09.03.00 G29 52.1925 5.9535 12.8558 14.1674 65.1515 17.5 09.03.00 G72 55.6910 6.9897 17.6633 18.9960 68.4103 18.5 09.03.00 G80 52.6262 5.6754 17.3427 18.2478 71.8794 19.5 09.03.00 G61 49.7059 5.3164 15.4049 16.2965 70.9598 20.5 09.03.00 G69 56.0070 5.9749 16.6783 17.7163 70.2901 21.5 09.03.00 G77 50.9640 6.0325 17.2476 18.2721 70.7223 22.5 09.03.00 G66 51.0753 7.7591 17.2626 18.9262 65.7974 23.5 09.03.00 G70 52.0918 7.1507 17.4295 18.8393 67.6935 24.5 09.03.00 G102 51.7018 6.5422 17.2997 18.4954 69.2850 25.5 09.03.00 G84 52.5880 5.0032 17.7466 18.4384 74.2554 26.5 09.03.00 G50 55.7403 4.4363 17.0534 17.6210 75.4181 27.5 09.03.00 G42 55.1980 3.9668 14.1373 14.6832 74.3264 28.5 09.03.00 G34 55.0738 4.7846 15.4881 16.2103 72.8328 29.5 09.03.00 G65 51.3003 5.0976 16.4460 17.2179 72.7787 30.5 09.03.00 G52 55.7058 5.1790 18.0488 18.7772 73.9894 31.5 09.03.00 G45 51.2044 4.6966 15.6194 16.3103 73.2644 32.5 09.03.00 G39 54.4681 4.9985 15.3971 16.1882 72.0146 33.5 09.03.00 G50 55.0874 4.6292 17.0717 17.6882 74.8285 34.5 09.03.00 G73 56.5378 5.1350 17.5550 18.2906 73.6953 35.5 09.03.00 G54 53.4520 5.7413 15.5327 16.5598 69.7145 36.5 09.03.00 G59 48.3223 4.5645 14.6727 15.3663 72.7199 37.5 09.03.00 G66 50.7627 4.9544 16.5361 17.2623 73.3213 38.5 09.03.00 G92 50.5833 4.8730 17.2533 17.9283 74.2281 39.5 09.03.00 G52 53.2063 4.4284 16.5527 17.1349 75.0222 40.5 09.03.00 G79 67.2566 2.6755 17.2132 17.4199 81.1649 41.5 09.03.00 G52 54.6442 4.0515 18.3774 18.8187 77.5674 42.5 09.03.00 G39 56.8908 4.4198 18.3499 18.8746 76.4574 43.5 09.03.00 G38 52.6863 4.8359 16.6464 17.3346 73.8011 44.5 09.03.00 G32 52.8231 3.1555 15.9303 16.2398 78.7957 140 45.5 09.03.00 G11 53.3532 3.2439 13.7523 14.1297 76.7277 46.5 09.03.00 G54 49.5738 3.7468 14.5882 15.0616 75.5956 47.5 09.03.00 G25 54.4185 4.5723 17.4721 18.0605 75.3349 48.5 09.03.00 G86 58.4755 4.0710 18.8842 19.3180 77.8346 49.5 09.03.00 G53 54.9928 4.2430 16.3290 16.8713 75.4342 50.5 09.03.00 G50 51.4944 3.6598 14.2106 14.6743 75.5580 51.5 09.03.00 G85 52.9671 4.5356 18.0122 18.5745 75.8662 52.5 09.03.00 G88 54.4323 3.0301 15.2436 15.5419 78.7573 53.5 09.03.00 G101 60.8650 3.0020 16.3689 16.6419 79.6077 54.5 09.03.00 G76 59.4791 3.5348 17.8335 18.1804 78.7886 55.5 09.03.00 G21 56.9504 3.0479 13.0765 13.4270 76.8795 56.5 09.03.00 G24 51.9458 3.1299 11.9261 12.3300 75.2948 57.5 09.03.00 G63 53.5781 3.1155 15.3068 15.6207 78.4955 58.5 09.03.00 G41 60.5279 2.7484 13.7333 14.0057 78.6830 59.5 09.03.00 G44 50.7406 4.4000 15.5742 16.1838 74.2242 60.5 09.03.00 G9 51.1777 3.3049 13.1684 13.5768 75.9113 61.5 09.03.00 G40 48.2534 3.4551 14.4705 14.8773 76.5709 62.5 09.03.00 G57 51.9358 4.3524 14.7584 15.3868 73.5688 63.5 09.03.00 G69 50.4500 4.0012 16.5663 17.0426 76.4214 64.5 09.03.00 G28 64.6368 2.7162 14.7364 14.9846 79.5566 65.5 09.03.00 G50 51.8218 4.6665 15.3255 16.0202 73.0648 66.5 09.03.00 G28 54.6035 4.3048 14.5840 15.2060 73.5546 67.5 09.03.00 G8 57.6416 3.9400 15.6109 16.1004 75.8351 68.5 09.03.00 G### 58.6005 3.8681 14.6003 15.1040 75.1615 69.5 09.03.00 G17 56.8087 3.6655 13.0537 13.5586 74.3152 70.5 09.03.00 G### 60.8638 4.0067 14.7732 15.3069 74.8256 71.5 09.03.00 G### 62.5566 3.6282 12.4954 13.0115 73.8086 72.5 09.03.00 G51 56.6608 3.8666 14.6528 15.1544 75.2177 73.5 09.03.00 G31 57.9772 4.2945 16.4089 16.9616 75.3337
141 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-7B
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G24 63.1798 2.5939 13.1245 13.3784 78.8204 1.5 09.03.00 G129 56.3547 2.5545 13.2408 13.4850 79.0803 2.5 09.03.00 G80 55.0893 4.4133 16.8514 17.4197 75.3240 3.5 09.03.00 G60 58.3120 3.8084 16.6626 17.0923 77.1256 4.5 09.03.00 G57 58.2243 4.5042 18.0738 18.6266 76.0062 5.5 09.03.00 G99 53.8365 4.1952 17.4220 17.9200 76.4610 6.5 09.03.00 G60 53.6991 4.2929 16.8024 17.3422 75.6680 7.5 09.03.00 G102 52.2531 3.9136 16.5461 17.0026 76.6925 8.5 09.03.00 G81 61.4002 3.8315 18.5362 18.9281 78.3214 9.5 09.03.00 G90 54.2485 3.5620 16.3194 16.7036 77.6874 10.5 09.03.00 G95 49.1809 3.1794 16.9905 17.2855 79.4011 11.5 09.03.00 G69 50.2931 2.1414 15.1771 15.3274 81.9690 12.5 09.03.00 G59 53.6631 2.4549 15.9925 16.1798 81.2731 13.5 09.03.00 G93 50.7125 3.4585 16.4472 16.8069 78.1249 14.5 09.03.00 G54 58.3578 2.0710 14.6329 14.7787 81.9443 15.5 09.03.00 G56 55.2349 2.2952 13.9939 14.1809 80.6858 16.5 09.03.00 G65 49.0374 3.7958 18.0895 18.4834 78.1493 17.5 09.03.00 G72 55.0468 3.4499 16.5005 16.8573 78.1908 18.5 09.03.00 G52 51.8194 2.9737 15.8929 16.1687 79.4019 19.5 09.03.00 G52 58.9846 1.8452 13.1871 13.3156 82.0346 20.5 09.03.00 G59 56.2984 3.0260 15.3015 15.5978 78.8136 21.5 09.03.00 G60 59.0892 2.1478 13.7871 13.9533 81.1454 22.5 09.03.00 G55 59.7116 2.0635 14.6144 14.7593 81.9632 23.5 09.03.00 G61 54.3070 2.6961 14.7106 14.9557 79.6143 24.5 09.03.00 G63 50.2359 3.2315 15.5438 15.8762 78.2558 25.5 09.03.00 G40 47.3652 2.6311 16.1554 16.3683 80.7500 26.5 09.03.00 G48 58.3746 1.5128 12.5287 12.6197 83.1149 27.5 09.03.00 G80 60.3613 2.0034 14.7579 14.8933 82.2694 28.5 09.03.00 G75 59.7005 1.9324 14.0678 14.1999 82.1785 29.5 09.03.00 G52 59.1448 2.0670 14.1218 14.2723 81.6729 30.5 09.03.00 G65 61.3053 1.1597 12.7877 12.8402 84.8180 31.5 09.03.00 G66 55.9992 2.6078 14.4784 14.7114 79.7896 32.5 09.03.00 G78 60.3114 2.0777 15.9125 16.0476 82.5610 33.5 09.03.00 G47 56.2710 2.3152 13.7944 13.9874 80.4724 34.5 09.03.00 G56 59.0110 2.2836 15.5259 15.6929 81.6327 35.5 09.03.00 G57 57.4550 2.1529 14.9504 15.1046 81.8056 36.5 09.03.00 G65 52.3202 2.6688 15.2127 15.4450 80.0497 37.5 09.03.00 G56 60.6616 3.0711 18.0802 18.3392 80.3596 38.5 09.03.00 G37 61.7399 2.5108 15.0148 15.2233 80.5068 39.5 09.03.00 G63 59.1538 2.5372 15.1139 15.3254 80.4705 40.5 09.03.00 G56 57.5997 2.6678 14.4778 14.7215 79.5592 41.5 09.03.00 G73 60.7813 2.1226 12.3406 12.5218 80.2407 42.5 09.03.00 G69 60.8802 1.7905 13.4665 13.5850 82.4263 43.5 09.03.00 G64 58.5611 2.1136 13.6523 13.8149 81.1994 44.5 09.03.00 G67 62.6825 1.8896 13.8088 13.9375 82.2081 142 45.5 09.03.00 G82 62.9268 1.9713 13.5377 13.6805 81.7150 46.5 09.03.00 G99 60.3278 2.4411 14.1217 14.3312 80.1927 47.5 09.03.00 G68 61.8143 2.5838 14.1217 14.3561 79.6315
143 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-8
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G115 47.0790 7.1954 17.3578 18.7901 67.4844 1.5 09.03.00 G20 50.0897 6.4657 14.7083 16.0667 66.2699 2.5 09.03.00 G92 48.7963 6.6572 15.1690 16.5656 66.3047 3.5 09.03.00 G93 48.5442 7.3543 17.1151 18.6283 66.7469 4.5 09.03.00 G10 55.1666 6.1714 15.4636 16.6496 68.2433 5.5 09.03.00 G65 51.2660 7.1142 16.6273 18.0853 66.8357 6.5 09.03.00 G14 52.5488 6.3672 14.8610 16.1676 66.8073 7.5 09.03.00 G73 48.9018 6.9387 14.8250 16.3685 64.9186 8.5 09.03.00 G60 52.0633 6.7883 16.2778 17.6365 67.3624 9.5 09.03.00 G47 49.3042 7.0704 15.7917 17.3023 65.8805 10.5 09.03.00 G79 49.5707 7.2037 17.2257 18.6713 67.3057 11.5 09.03.00 G69 49.8516 7.3966 16.5751 18.1506 65.9514 12.5 09.03.00 G71 51.0835 6.7046 16.2753 17.6022 67.6108 13.5 09.03.00 G70 50.6082 7.2155 16.9435 18.4159 66.9329 14.5 09.03.00 G86 51.4461 6.5709 15.1201 16.4862 66.5113 15.5 09.03.00 G41 49.9630 5.6578 17.3478 18.2471 71.9368 16.5 09.03.00 G61 54.5927 5.7961 19.2242 20.0790 73.2219 17.5 09.03.00 G31 52.1955 5.8250 16.5701 17.5642 70.6315 18.5 09.03.00 G38 51.7398 6.4855 17.5226 18.6843 69.6895 19.5 09.03.00 G56 52.7667 4.8314 16.1364 16.8442 73.3320 20.5 09.03.00 G42 42.3348 4.3131 14.4858 15.1143 73.4192 21.5 09.03.00 G27 41.6912 5.2998 12.1960 13.2978 66.5126 22.5 09.03.00 G58 49.4709 6.0357 16.2476 17.3325 69.6210 23.5 09.03.00 G41 57.6327 5.4075 16.9430 17.7849 72.2992 24.5 09.03.00 G68 52.2000 4.8796 16.4643 17.1722 73.4916 25.5 09.03.00 G67 51.2821 5.4928 16.8814 17.7526 71.9763 26.5 09.03.00 G111 59.7598 4.1555 18.3065 18.7722 77.2109 27.5 09.03.00 G89 53.4118 5.3075 17.0686 17.8747 72.7269 28.5 09.03.00 G81 48.2584 5.0899 16.9475 17.6953 73.2832 29.5 09.03.00 G78 54.5352 3.4965 15.7238 16.1079 77.4630 30.5 09.03.00 G92 65.9345 2.9401 17.5397 17.7844 80.4841 31.5 09.03.00 G52 59.8265 4.0686 17.2755 17.7482 76.7475 32.5 09.03.00 G16 55.8240 4.6897 9.0743 10.2145 62.6694 33.5 09.03.00 G21 57.9211 3.4734 12.1226 12.6104 74.0118 34.5 09.03.00 G37 60.1521 3.7838 15.7026 16.1520 76.4518 35.5 09.03.00 G69 60.0703 3.9563 14.1721 14.7140 74.4025 36.5 09.03.00 G57 53.0015 3.9979 15.2105 15.7272 75.2738 37.5 09.03.00 G63 59.5242 4.5213 17.2123 17.7962 75.2822 38.5 09.03.00 G58 55.4102 4.4086 18.0582 18.5885 76.2806 39.5 09.03.00 G114 61.9665 4.6357 17.3606 17.9689 75.0495 40.5 09.03.00 G75 67.7786 3.1733 15.9379 16.2507 78.7396 41.5 09.03.00 G59 59.3182 4.7332 16.4359 17.1038 73.9346 42.5 09.03.00 G56 68.4809 4.9441 17.9065 18.5765 74.5649 43.5 09.03.00 G61 68.9380 4.3721 18.3569 18.8703 76.6033 44.5 09.03.00 G96 61.1875 4.2641 17.5937 18.1030 76.3761 144 45.5 09.03.00 G73 55.7400 5.0762 15.5543 16.3617 71.9258 46.5 09.03.00 G46 57.0539 5.9957 16.7680 17.8077 70.3246 47.5 09.03.00 G62 63.1944 4.3858 17.9691 18.4965 76.2837 48.5 09.03.00 G1 61.5359 3.3123 12.9583 13.3749 75.6615 49.5 09.03.00 G14 62.7129 3.2555 14.1717 14.5408 77.0625 50.5 09.03.00 G18 63.0915 2.5834 13.5663 13.8100 79.2182 51.5 09.03.00 G149 41.4676 2.4637 11.7524 12.0078 78.1603
145 Spectrophotometry: BA08CP-9.
Depth (cm) Name L* a* b* C* h 0.5 09.03.00 G66 50.4098 7.2366 16.1653 17.7111 65.8835 1.5 09.03.00 G28 53.6226 6.4223 14.3104 15.6855 65.8301 2.5 09.03.00 G48 51.8878 7.3591 15.4501 17.1132 64.5307 3.5 09.03.00 G56 53.2269 6.2134 12.8722 14.2933 64.2334 4.5 09.03.00 G48 52.7726 7.5869 15.6027 17.3495 64.0685 5.5 09.03.00 G57 51.4024 7.6157 15.8582 17.5921 64.3481 6.5 09.03.00 G73 51.6487 6.6181 14.1979 15.6646 65.0083 7.5 09.03.00 G31 55.2561 6.7216 14.8496 16.3001 65.6464 8.5 09.03.00 G48 55.1439 6.0415 14.7401 15.9302 67.7127 9.5 09.03.00 G67 53.3187 6.3102 17.5289 18.6301 70.2016 10.5 09.03.00 G81 49.7524 7.4418 16.5369 18.1342 65.7718 11.5 09.03.00 G39 53.0497 7.1467 15.8373 17.3752 65.7125 12.5 09.03.00 G79 54.5282 6.9201 17.0060 18.3601 67.8574 13.5 09.03.00 G1 56.5748 5.8781 13.7522 14.9558 66.8568 14.5 09.03.00 G9 55.6327 6.0772 15.2797 16.4439 68.3107 15.5 09.03.00 G50 55.2350 5.9764 17.0876 18.1026 70.7225 16.5 09.03.00 G38 56.3265 5.5143 17.4583 18.3085 72.4708 17.5 09.03.00 G36 53.9691 6.3526 17.7708 18.8721 70.3292 18.5 09.03.00 G42 52.8148 7.1006 16.0107 17.5146 66.0831 19.5 09.03.00 G82 50.6479 7.2821 16.9271 18.4270 66.7225 20.5 09.03.00 G84 54.3650 5.6208 16.2935 17.2357 70.9669 21.5 09.03.00 G48 54.0379 5.4557 16.4073 17.2905 71.6072 22.5 09.03.00 G61 56.6493 4.3533 17.7292 18.2558 76.2043 23.5 09.03.00 G47 56.6873 4.7536 18.4458 19.0485 75.5490 24.5 09.03.00 G35 51.4215 4.0507 15.3957 15.9197 75.2592 25.5 09.03.00 G44 49.2231 4.5766 14.8433 15.5328 72.8640 26.5 09.03.00 G41 54.6524 5.0460 17.6084 18.3171 74.0094 27.5 09.03.00 G37 53.5482 4.5572 15.0401 15.7153 73.1431 28.5 09.03.00 G0 53.2878 3.9015 12.6473 13.2354 72.8557 29.5 09.03.00 G50 55.4321 5.8982 16.8166 17.8210 70.6724 30.5 09.03.00 G77 55.8048 3.7897 15.2339 15.6982 76.0301 31.5 09.03.00 G59 56.2238 4.1099 16.2747 16.7856 75.8273 32.5 09.03.00 G55 55.6900 3.2913 14.0175 14.3987 76.7863 33.5 09.03.00 G49 55.1488 3.1972 13.6311 14.0010 76.7998 34.5 09.03.00 G37 52.7481 4.0272 14.9300 15.4636 74.9044 35.5 09.03.00 G50 53.9698 4.0920 16.0361 16.5499 75.6852 36.5 09.03.00 G55 54.4267 3.9860 15.6043 16.1053 75.6707 37.5 09.03.00 G41 58.3316 3.7995 15.3892 15.8513 76.1315 38.5 09.03.00 G38 63.7499 2.2961 12.4561 12.6660 79.5554 39.5 09.03.00 G30 58.0890 3.3833 13.6195 14.0334 76.0494 40.5 09.03.00 G51 56.0794 3.9635 15.4607 15.9607 75.6214 41.5 09.03.00 G69 54.9915 4.1283 16.4955 17.0043 75.9494 42.5 09.03.00 G73 60.3255 4.5111 15.0597 15.7208 73.3246 43.5 09.03.00 G68 52.1502 5.2968 16.6832 17.5038 72.3856 44.5 09.03.00 G63 57.2725 3.9532 16.4824 16.9498 76.5126 146 45.5 09.03.00 G83 57.2214 4.2339 17.5097 18.0143 76.4066 46.5 09.03.00 G45 58.1387 4.6872 17.0108 17.6448 74.5947 47.5 09.03.00 G75 50.3636 4.2466 15.8444 16.4036 74.9961 48.5 09.03.00 G66 54.4567 3.0425 16.0973 16.3823 79.2970 49.5 09.03.00 G134 64.7383 1.8593 14.1427 14.2644 82.5106
147 APPENDIX F
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
X-Ray Fluorescence: BA08CP-7A/7B Ca Fe Sn Ni Cu Cd P Pb Sr Core ID Depth (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
BA08CP7A 1cm 98516 565 54 33 17 33 16834 7 1046
BA08CP7A 5cm 130248 591 53 31 18 32 17954 7 1251
BA08CP7A 9cm 192466 437 61 37 20 37 23149 8 2544
BA08CP7A 13cm 210866 524 59 37 20 36 24636 7 2092
BA08CP7A 17cm 187585 400 60 39 22 36 22884 8 3423
BA08CP7A 21cm 173927 430 55 34 18 33 20759 7 2335
BA08CP7A 25cm 119788 417 56 33 19 33 17267 7 2198
BA08CP7A 29cm 213369 495 57 35 19 34 23946 7 2379
BA08CP7A 33cm 89488 480 48 28 15 29 13859 6 895
BA08CP7A 37cm 81965 446 47 28 14 29 12421 6 815
BA08CP7A 41cm 277764 170 62 42 22 37 29150 9 4233
BA08CP7A 45cm 104655 770 49 29 16 30 15512 6 1247
BA08CP7A 49cm 110676 328 50 30 15 30 15480 6 1021
BA08CP7A 53cm 113307 593 53 33 17 32 16323 7 2144
BA08CP7A 57cm 95829 776 51 31 17 31 14551 7 1963
BA08CP7A 61cm 101614 610 50 29 16 30 14753 6 1093
BA08CP7A 65cm 209123 493 57 36 20 35 23134 8 2572
BA08CP7A 69cm 133904 340 50 30 17 30 16895 6 1100
BA08CP7A 73cm 170991 321 52 32 17 31 19910 6 1406
BA08CP7B 2cm 160238 365 52 31 16 31 18205 6 1498
BA08CP7B 6cm 89822 243 53 34 18 32 13640 8 3391
BA08CP7B 10cm 122966 813 54 33 18 40 15485 8 3043
BA08CP7B 14cm 151464 935 55 33 18 33 18293 7 2250
BA08CP7B 17cm 91739 522 49 30 16 30 13707 6 1172
BA08CP7B 21cm 185025 889 57 35 20 34 21417 7 2382
BA08CP7B 25cm 99879 839 50 31 16 30 14478 6 1266
BA08CP7B 29cm 157222 1086 53 32 17 32 19016 6 1452
BA08CP7B 33cm 148418 1428 52 33 17 32 17577 7 1663
BA08CP7B 37cm 117936 624 52 31 17 31 15910 7 1668
BA08CP7B 41cm 188321 994 53 33 17 32 21177 6 1394
BA08CP7B 45cm 183805 854 54 33 17 39 21260 6 1517
148