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The Constitution Walk

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The Constitution Walk The Constitution Walk Revisiting the history of the Dutch Constitution in the centre of The Hague . . s e e w s e s g e g r a c h t 1. Hofplaats 2. Tweede Kamer 15 (House of Representatives) p t a a 3. Plein r ra k st 14 s e 4. Ministry of Defence t rn l r e a t a az n 5. Muinistry of the Interior and a k g ho t e r o Kingdom Relations v vo o e o rt r o 6. Torentje (The Little Tower) h k o 7. Ridderzaal (Hall of Knights) t u ou t 8. Memorial to the Fallen of rh o d p o l ww ii (Erelijst vr an v ve i 16 ge i n n n oo s o la 13 n Gevallenen) e o r s e l s r to a e d 9. Eerste Kamer (Senatge) 17 n e r i g a n e 10. Gevangenpoort (Prisocn Gate) d h at h e ra t wst o 11. Trêveszaal (Trêves Room) 18 ieu k u n o t e s og r t 12. Kabinet der Koningin h t r e a t k g v a (The Queen’s Office) a n r i 21 a 20 e j 12 t tr e b v ls u er e 13. House of Van Limburg Stirum u t v r e e ij h r v b eistuin d ge e 14. Lange Voorhout Palace 19 n r i a g jk l 15. Supreme Court of the at 6 ra 11 Netherlands st n n o le o o r binnenhof 16. Algemene Rekenkamer m d b 3 e i u (Court of Audit) n i t p d l e e 17. Kloosterkerk n 7 e i 9 n h o (Cloister Church) 10 f h 18. Kneuterdijk Palace/Council o o 8 4 g of State p f r s o n in t h e s r en ot 19. Home of Van Hogendorp e a it p st u e r a at b 1 2 g 20. Plaque in Heulstraat a t a n at tr la ls a t hofweg 21. Noordeinde Palace h aa tr 22. Former City Hall es av gr t s rk p 22 a u 5 m i en ro g Hofplaats 1 The walk starts at Hofplaats, The Constitution bench is situated in the old part of the Binnenhof on Hof - a small square on the outer plaats. The wording of Article 1 of the Dutch Constitution is engraved into perimeters of the ‘Binnenhof’ the smooth marble surface of this 45-metre long bench. Article 1 defines the (Inner Court), between Lange principle of equal treatment and the ban on discrimination. It describes a Poten, Spui and Hofweg. standard that the government is required to uphold towards its citizens: equal treatment in equal circumstances. Article 1 of the constitution The French occupation of the Netherlands came to an end in 1813. The provi - All persons in the Netherlands sional administrators declared the Netherlands a kingdom and appointed shall be treated equally in equal William I as the first king. A new Constitution was introduced a year later, circumstances. Discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, and amended on a number of points in 1815 and again 1840. A major consti - political opinion, race or sex or tutional revision took place in 1848, when the ministerial responsibility was on any other grounds whatsoever introduced and parliament was assigned far greater influence. From then on, shall not be permitted. the king was excluded from the political decision-making process and his influence continued to decline in the years that followed. The Constitution of 1848 was largely owed to the efforts of the liberal minister Johan Rudolf Thorbecke. A complete revision of the Constitution did not take place until 1982, when new civil rights were added, including the principle of equal treatment and the ban on discrimination (Article 1), respect for privacy (Article 10), the right to inviolability of one’s person (Article 11) and the government’s obligation to promote issues such as employment and living environment (the basic social rights). From the Hofplaats, you can also see the rounded wall of the assembly room of the House of Representatives. 3 Assembly room of the House of Representatives. 4 Tweede Kamer (House of Representatives) 2 Now walk along Hofplaats and Chapter 3 of the Constitution deals with the Senate and the House of Repre - around the corner to Lange Poten sentatives. Together, they form the States General. The members of the 4. Here, along the entire left facade House of Representatives are directly elected by the Dutch people, according on Lange Poten, is the ‘Tweede to a system of proportional representation. The Netherlands has no separate Kamer der Staten-Generaal’ (House of Representatives of the electoral districts; in fact, the entire country constitutes one single electoral States General). district. All votes are added up together. Parliamentary elections usually take place every four years and a total of 150 seats are allocated. Laws can only be established with approval from the States General. Legisla - Article 50 of the constitution tive bills that have been adopted by the House of Representatives are sent to The States General shall represent the entire people of the Nether - the Senate, but the House of Representatives has far more rights in the leg - lands. islative process than the Senate does. The House of Representatives further - more monitors that the government has fulfilled its tasks properly. Lastly, the House of Representatives is the number one platform for social-political discussions. The States General met for the first time in 1585, in The Hague. The meeting was attended by representatives from the seven independent provinces which together formed the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. These representatives were sent by their respective provinces and, in the class-rid - den society of the time, were all from the urban elite or from nobility. The composition of the States General has changed significantly over the cen - turies, but the name has always remained unchanged. The current parliamentary assembly room dates from 1992. The entire com - plex includes several buildings (or parts thereof) that are linked together via the ‘Statenpassage,’ central inner hall. Painting of the former assembly room of the House of Representatives. 5 3 Plein Continue your walk towards Plein. This is where three of the Constitution’s Articles are put into daily practice, in the form of Articles 5, 7 and 9, which cover the right to submit petitions, Article 9 of the constitution the right to freedom of speech and right of demonstration. Parliament’s 1. The right of assembly and main entrance is situated along Plein, which is why on most weekdays you demonstration shall be recog - will find this square bustling with demonstrators using playful – or more nised, without prejudice to the serious – means of getting their message across to the members of parlia - responsibility of everyone ment. under the law. Plein was constructed in the 17th century. Its design and decor were inspired 2. Rules to protect health, in the by Place Royale in Paris. A statue of William of Orange stands in the centre interest of traffic and to combat or prevent disorders may be of Plein. In his left hand, he holds a document listing the names of the cities laid down by Act of Parliament. that initiated the revolt against the Spaniards in the 16th century. To his right sits a dog, which had allegedly prevented one of the attacks on his mas - ter’s life. The statue was unveiled in 1848. Ministry of Defence 4 On the corner of Lange Poten and Article 98 of the Constitution stipulates how the Dutch armed forces are Plein, at number 4, you can see the compiled. building that houses the Ministry Compulsory military service was introduced in 1810 during the French occu - of Defence. pation of the Netherlands. In the 19th century, lots were drawn to determine who should do military service, and personal conscription was introduced in Article 98 of the constitution 1898. Conscription was suspended in 1997 and the Dutch army is now an all- 1. The armed forces shall consist volunteer force made up exclusively of regular soldiers. The Constitution of volunteers and may also specifically allows for this, while still leaving room to reintroduce compul - include conscripts. sory military service in the future if needed. 2. Compulsory military service and the power to defer the call- The building on Plein 4 is part of the Ministry of Defence, which consists of up to active service shall be reg - the Executive Staff (the ministry), the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal ulated by Act of Parliament. Netherlands Army, de Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Royal Marechaussee, Support Command ( cdc ) and the Defence Materiel Organisation ( dmo ). The Executive Staff is located on Plein 4. The Defence Ministry is headed by a minister and a State Secretary. Defence has about 68,000 staff in total, mak - ing it one of the Netherlands’s major employers. 7 5 Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations Walk to the corner of Plein and The Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations is responsible for the Korte Vijverberg (near the Maurits - smooth functioning of the body of civil servants. Article 3 concerns the equal huis and the entrance to the eligibility for appointment to public service. This means that no distinction Binnenhof). Above the buildings’ may be made in terms of sex, appearance, religion or skin colour etc.
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