Kiribati Country Case Study
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Maiana Social and Economic Report 2008
M AIANA ISLAND 2008 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE PRODUCED BY THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS, WITH FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY. Strengthening Decentralized Governance in Kiribati Project P.O. Box 75, Bairiki, Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati Telephone (686) 22741 or 22040, Fax: (686) 21133 MAIANA ANTHEM MAIANA I TANGIRIKO MAIANA I LOVE YOU Maiana I tangiriko - 2 - FOREWORD by the Honourable Amberoti Nikora, Minister of Internal and Social Affairs, July, 2007 I am honored to have this opportunity to introduce this revised and updated socio-economic profile for Maiana island. The completion of this profile is the culmination of months of hard-work and collaborative effort of many people, Government agencies and development partners particularly those who have provided direct financial and technical assistance towards this important exercise. The socio-economic profiles contain specific data and information about individual islands that are not only interesting to read, but more importantly, useful for education, planning and decision making. The profile is meant to be used as a reference material for leaders both at the island and national level, to enable them to make informed decisions that are founded on accurate and easily accessible statistics. With our limited natural and financial resources it is very important that our leaders are in a position to make wise decisions regarding the use of these limited resources, so that they are targeted at the most urgent needs and produce maximum impact. In addition, this profile will act as reference material that could be used for educational purposes, at the secondary and tertiary levels. -
Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources .......................................................................................................................... -
Kiribati from the Least Developed Country Category
Department of Economic and Social Affairs Secretariat of the Committee for Development Policy Ex-ante impact assessment of likely consequences of graduation of the Republic of Kiribati from the least developed country category United Nations, New York, October 2008 1 Impact assessment: Kiribati Table of contents Impact Assessment: Kiribati........................................................................................................... 3 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 4 3. Special support measures due to LDC status......................................................................... 6 3.1. World Trade Organization related benefits.................................................................... 6 3.2. LDC status and preferential market access..................................................................... 7 3.2.1. Main products and markets....................................................................................... 7 3.3. Support measures related to capacity building in trade .............................................. 14 3.4. Official Development Assistance ....................................................................................... -
Rising Islands
THESIS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY JUNE 2015 Rising Islands Enhancing adaptive capacities in Kiribati through Migration with Dignity SANDRA DUONG Master's Thesis in Geography, 30 credits Supervisor: Martina Angela Caretta Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University www.humangeo.su.se ABSTRACT Duong, Sandra (2015). Rising Islands - Enhancing adaptive capacities in Kiribati through Migration with Dignity. Human Geography, advanced level, Master thesis for Master Exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits. Supervisor: Martina Angela Caretta Language: English The main body of research within climate-change induced migration has focused on displacement migration. The “sinking islands” reference is often used to describe island states being in the forefront of climate change impacts, and their inhabitants at risk of becoming the first climate change refugees in history. The aim of this thesis is to understand what circumstances are needed for Kiribati’s ‘Migration with Dignity’ concept to enhance the adaptive capacity of livelihoods. By using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach this thesis examines what impacts climate change has on different aspects of livelihoods in Kiribati. This study uses a case study approach. Data has been collected through 14 semi-structured interviews during an eight weeks long minor field study on the capital atoll South Tarawa. While Kiribati faces many development challenges, being a least developed country with a rent-based economy, climate change puts additional strains on the country’s capacities to cope with the increasing monetization and urbanisation, and abilities to satisfy the growing population’s aspirations. The empirical evidence shows a need among the population to find education and skilled wage employment. -
The Partition of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands W
Island Studies Journal , Vol. 7, No.1, 2012, pp. 135-146 REVIEW ESSAY The Partition of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands W. David McIntyre Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies Christchurch, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT : This paper reviews the separation of the Ellice Islands from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, in the central Pacific, in 1975: one of the few agreed boundary changes that were made during decolonization. Under the name Tuvalu, the Ellice Group became the world’s fourth smallest state and gained independence in 1978. The Gilbert Islands, (including the Phoenix and Line Islands), became the Republic of Kiribati in 1979. A survey of the tortuous creation of the colony is followed by an analysis of the geographic, ethnic, language, religious, economic, and administrative differences between the groups. When, belatedly, the British began creating representative institutions, the largely Polynesian, Protestant, Ellice people realized they were doomed to permanent minority status while combined with the Micronesian, half-Catholic, Gilbertese. To protect their identity they demanded separation, and the British accepted this after a UN-observed referendum. Keywords: Foreign and Commonwealth Office; Gilbert and Ellis islands; independence; Kiribati; Tuvalu © 2012 Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada Context The age of imperialism saw most of the world divided up by colonial powers that drew arbitrary lines on maps to designate their properties. The age of decolonization involved the assumption of sovereign independence by these, often artificial, creations. Tuvalu, in the central Pacific, lying roughly half-way between Australia and Hawaii, is a rare exception. -
Ciguatera and Other Marine Poisoning in the Gilbert Islands' M
Ciguatera and Other Marine Poisoning in the Gilbert Islands' M. J. COOPER 2 AMONG THE ANIMALS that live in the sea are was involved little.notice was taken. During and many that may be poisonous to eat; these ani after World W ar II attention was drawn to the mals include fish, sharks, crabs, molluscs, and problem, as there.were .many..rnore.people.in the · turtles. Of all marine animals the most impor Pacific who were poisoned by supposedly good tant are fish, which are for so many people an food fish, often in-areas where toxic fish had essential source of food. There are a number of been previously unknown. different ways in which teleost fish may be poi Although the symptoms of ciguatera poison sonous. Some fish are naturally poisonous; puf ing, the species of fish likely to-cause it, and fers for instance are always toxic. Some species many of the areas harboring toxic species have of fish can be poisonous at certain seasons; in been recorded, several aspects ''of the .problem Fiji there is a species of sardine which may be still remain to be solved. In spite of recent re deadly poisonous in the later months of the search into ciguatera poisoning,an'antidote to year. A third type of poisoning is found where the poison, a field test for distinguishing atoxic some fish are poisonous to eat when they are fish from a nontoxic one, the ,true nature of the caught on certain reefs or parts of a reef, and yet toxin, and the cause of the development of-eigua when caught on other parts of the same reef, or tera among fishes have not yet been discovered. -
Geology and Geochronology of the Line Islands
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 89, NO. B13, PAGES 11,261-11,272,DECEMBER 10, 1984 Geology and Geochronologyof the Line Islands S. O. SCHLANGER,1 M. O. GARCIA,B. H. KEATING,J. J. NAUGHTON, W. W. SAGER,2 J. g. HAGGERTY,3 AND J. g. PHILPOTTS4 Hawaii Institute of Geophysics,University of Hawaii, Honolulu R. A. DUNCAN Schoolof Oceano•Iraphy,Ore,ion State University,Corvallis Geologicaland geophysicalstudies along the entire length of the Line Islands were undertakenin order to test the hot spot model for the origin of this major linear island chain. Volcanic rocks were recoveredin 21 dredge hauls and fossiliferoussedimentary rocks were recoveredin 19 dredge hauls. Volcanic rocks from the Line Islands are alkalic basalts and hawaiites. In addition, a tholeiitic basalt and a phonolite have been recoveredfrom the central part of the Line chain. Microprobe analysesof groundmassaugite in the alkalic basaltsindicate that they contain high TiO2 (1.0-4.0 wt %) and A1203 (3.4-9.1 wt %) and are of alkaline to peralkaline affinities.Major element compositionsof the Line Islandsvolcanic rocks are very comparableto Hawaiian volcanicrocks. Trace elementand rare earth elementanalyses also indicatethat the rocksare typical of oceanicisland alkalic lavas' the Line Islands lavas are very much unlike typical mid-oceanridge or fracturezone basalts.Dating of theserocks by '•øAr-39Ar,K-Ar, and paleontologicalmethods, combined with DeepSea Drilling Projectdata from sites 165, 315, and 316 and previouslydated dredgedrocks, provide ages of volcanic eventsat 20 localities along the chain from 18øN to 9øS,a distanceof almost4000 km. All of thesedates define mid-Cretaceous to late Eoceneedifice or ridge-buildingvolcanic events. -
Island Hopping: Battle of Tarawa & Makin Atolls
ISLAND HOPPING: BATTLE OF TARAWA & MAKIN ATOLLS DATES: AUGUST 17 1942, NOVEMBER 20 – NOVEMBER 23 1943 Belligerents United States Empire of Japan CARLSON’S RAIDERS LAND ON MAKIN ISLAND: AUGUST 17 1942 On August 17 1942, Lt. Col. Evans F. Carlson and a force of Marine raiders come ashore Makin Island, in the west Pacific Ocean, occupied by the Japanese. What began as a diversionary tactic almost ended in disaster for the Americans. Two American submarines, the Argonaut and the Nautilus, approached Makin Island, an atoll in the Gilbert Islands, which had been seized by the Japanese on December 9, 1941. The submarines unloaded 122 Marines, one of two new raider battalions. Their leader was Lt. Col. Evans Carlson, a former lecturer on post revolutionary China. Their mission was to assault the Japanese-occupied Makin Island as a diversionary tactic, keeping the Japanese troops “busy” so they would not be able to reinforce troops currently under assault by Americans on Guadalcanal Island. Carlson’s “Raiders” landed quietly, unobserved, coming ashore on inflatable rafts powered by outboard motors. Suddenly, one of the Marines’ rifles went off, alerting the Japanese, who unleashed enormous firepower: grenades, flamethrowers, and machine guns. The submarines gave some cover by firing their deck guns, but by night the Marines had to begin withdrawing from the island. Some Marines drowned when their rafts overturned; about 100 made it back to the subs. Carlson and a handful of his men stayed behind to sabotage a Japanese gas dump and to seize documents. They then made for the submarines too. -
Plants of Kiribati
KIRIBATI State of the Environment Report 2000-2002 Government of the Republic of Kiribati 2004 PREPARED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION Ministry of Environment Lands & Agricultural Development Nei Akoako MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMEN P.O. BOX 234 BIKENIBEU, TARAWA KIRIBATI PHONES (686) 28000/28593/28507 Ngkoa, FNgkaiAX: (686 ao) 283 n34/ Taaainako28425 EMAIL: [email protected] GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Acknowledgements The report has been collectively developed by staff of the Environment and Conservation Division. Mrs Tererei Abete-Reema was the lead author with Mr Kautoa Tonganibeia contributing to Chapters 11 and 14. Mrs Nenenteiti Teariki-Ruatu contributed to chapters 7 to 9. Mr. Farran Redfern (Chapter 5) and Ms. Reenate Tanua Willie (Chapters 4 and 6) also contributed. Publication of the report has been made possible through the kind financial assistance of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. The front coverpage design was done by Mr. Kautoa Tonganibeia. Editing has been completed by Mr Matt McIntyre, Sustainable Development Adviser and Manager, Sustainable Economic Development Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). __________________________________________________________________________________ i Kiribati State of the Environment Report, 2000-2002 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. -
National Report Submitted in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 16/21*
United Nations A/HRC/WG.6/35/KIR/1 General Assembly Distr.: General 11 November 2019 Original: English Human Rights Council Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review Thirty-fifth session 20–31 January 2020 National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21* Kiribati * The present document has been reproduced as received. Its content does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations. GE.19-18002(E) A/HRC/WG.6/35/KIR/1 I. Introduction and background – UPR in Kiribati 1. Kiribati is a strong patriarchal society, and the culture is a great challenge for many human rights conventions especially gender equality. The Kiribati Family Health Association (KFHA) Report 2010 confirms high violence against women with 68% rate which is the highest in the Pacific. There is an apparent big issue of gender inequality due to cultural and social norms inherent in the traditional systems. 2. The Kiribati National Human Rights Taskforce (KNHRT) was established in July 2014 under the Ministry of Women Youth Sports and Social Welfare. In a transit period, it moved to the new Ministry of Justice in 2018. The Human Rights Division (HRD) has been restructured to increase its capacity and has now 5 staff directly supervised by a Director of HRD. 3. The Taskforce is comprised mainly of government officials1. The Taskforce plays the significant roles of coordination, monitoring, evaluation and reporting on various human rights conventions. 4. This UPR report is the third submitted by Kiribati on the implementation of recommendations of the Human Rights Council arising from the second UPR and outstanding previous recommendations. -
Pacific Regional Connectivity Program Phase 4: KI: Connectivity Project (P159632)
The World Bank P4: Pacific Regional Connectivity Program Phase 4: KI: Connectivity Project (P159632) Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document/ Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PID/ISDS) Public Disclosure Authorized Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 13-Dec-2016 | Report No: PIDISDSC17860 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Dec 18, 2016 Page 1 of 11 The World Bank P4: Pacific Regional Connectivity Program Phase 4: KI: Connectivity Project (P159632) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Kiribati P159632 P4: Pacific Regional Connectivity Program Phase 4: KI: Connectivity Project (P159632) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Feb 23, 2017 May 30, 2017 Transport & ICT Lending Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Information, Economic Development Communications, Transport and Tourism Development Financing (in USD Million) Financing Source Amount IDA Grant 20.00 Total Project Cost 20.00 Environmental Assessment Category Concept Review Decision B-Partial Assessment Track II-The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) Type here to enter text B. Introduction and Context Country Context 1. By financing higher capacity and lower cost internet the proposed Project seeks to address two of Kiribati’s main development challenges: its remote location and the high cost of connectivity which impacts broader economic and social development. The Project builds on the momentum generated by ongoing reforms in the telecommunications/ICT sector which have significantly improved access to basic telephony and data services over the last year. The proposed Project will finance the deployment of an optical fibre submarine cable to connect Kiribati (Tarawa) to the HANTRU-1 submarine cable system in Guam, US, and thence to global telecommunications networks. -
Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes in Selected Pacific Developing Member Countries (Financed by TASF)
May Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 38031 December 2006 Regional: Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes in Selected Pacific Developing Member Countries (Financed by TASF) Prepared by: John E. Hay and Komeri Onorio For ADB This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TA: 6204-REG Kiribati COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes FINAL REPORT Prepared by: John E. Hay and Komeri Onorio December 2006 i SUMMARY FOR POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS 1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) uses the country environmental analysis (CEA) as the tool to assist with early incorporation of environmental considerations into the country strategy and program (CSP) for its developing member countries. The CEA provides the targeted information necessary for informed decision making on environmental constraints, needs, and opportunities, including those that impinge upon poverty partnership agreements, as appropriate. The focus is on adding value to planned and ongoing development initiatives by reducing environmental constraints and exploiting environment-related opportunities. 2. This CEA for Kiribati describes the environmental issues that are most important to Kiribati’s development strategy, as well as ADB’s current and possible roles to help remove the environmental constraints on sustained development and to help take advantage of opportunities offered by the environment and natural resources of Kiribati. The CEA is directed in part at the policy, programme, and sector levels, but the principal focus is on identifying how opportunities and constraints presented by the environment and natural resources of Kiribati can be addressed by way of environmentally sensitive projects in the assistance pipeline.