Coral Reef Condition Status Report for the Pacific Remote Islands
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This Keyword List Contains Indian Ocean Place Names of Coral Reefs, Islands, Bays and Other Geographic Features in a Hierarchical Structure
CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 8/9/2016 Indian Ocean This keyword list contains Indian Ocean place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. For example, the first name on the list - Bird Islet - is part of the Addu Atoll, which is in the Indian Ocean. The leading label - OCEAN BASIN - indicates this list is organized according to ocean, sea, and geographic names rather than country place names. The list is sorted alphabetically. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Indian Ocean” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. For example, the first place name “Bird Islet” has a unique identifier of “00S073E0013”. From that we see that Bird Islet is located at 00 degrees south (S) and 073 degrees east (E). It is place number 0013 at that latitude and longitude. (Note: some long lines wrapped, placing the unique identifier on the following line.) This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bird Islet (00S073E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bushy Islet (00S073E0014) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Fedu Island (00S073E0008) -
OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
5. Ecological Impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the Central Equatorial Pacific
5. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF THE 2015/16 EL NIÑO IN THE CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC RUSSELL E. BRAINARD, THOMAS OLIVER, MICHAEL J. MCPHADEN, ANNE COHEN, ROBErtO VENEGAS, ADEL HEENAN, BERNARDO VARGAS-ÁNGEL, RANDI ROtjAN, SANGEETA MANGUBHAI, ELIZABETH FLINT, AND SUSAN A. HUNTER Coral reef and seabird communities in the central equatorial Pacific were disrupted by record-setting sea surface temperatures, linked to an anthropogenically forced trend, during the 2015/16 El Niño. Introduction. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean, the El Niño were likely unprecedented and unlikely to El Niño–Southern Oscillation substantially affects have occurred naturally, thereby reflecting an anthro- atmospheric and oceanic conditions on interannual pogenically forced trend. Lee and McPhaden (2010) time scales. The central and eastern equatorial earlier reported increasing amplitudes of El Niño Pacific fluctuates between anomalously warm and events in Niño-4 that is also evident in our study nutrient-poor El Niño and anomalously cool and region (Figs. 5.1b,c). nutrient-rich La Niña conditions (Chavez et al. 1999; Remote islands in the CEP (Fig. 5.1a), including Jar- McPhaden et al. 2006; Gierach et al. 2012). El Niño vis Island (0°22′S, 160°01′W), Howland Island (0°48′N, events are characterized by an eastward expansion of 176°37′W), Baker Island (0°12′N, 176°29′W), and the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and deepening Kanton Island (2°50′S, 171°40′W), support healthy, of the thermocline and nutricline in response resilient coral reef ecosystems characterized by excep- to weakening trade winds (Strutton and Chavez tionally high biomass of planktivorous and piscivorous 2000; Turk et al. -
In Soils of Niue Island, South Pacific
Geochemical Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 371 to 378, 1990 Anomalous Hg contents in soils of Niue Island, South Pacific NEIL E. WHITEHEAD', JOHN BARRIE2 and PETER RANKIN3 Nuclear Sciences Group, Division of Physical Sciences, D.S.I.R. P.O.Box 31-312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand', Avian Mining Ltd., 24 Jindvik Place, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia2 and Division of Land and Soil Sciences, D.S.I.R., Private Bag, Taita, New Zealand3 (Received September 10, 1990; Accepted December 29, 1990) Niue Island, a raised coralline atoll in the South Pacific, has soils that have long been known to have strongly anomalous radioactivity. We now show that there is also a highly anomalous Hg content in the soils. It is associated with the radioactivity and the goethite/gibbsite content and the values are as high as those in soils over known Hg-mineralisation in volcanic settings, though no mineralisation is known on Niue and such an occurrence on this coral island would be geochemically unusual. INTRODUCTION GEOLOGY AND SOILS OF NIUE ISLAND Niue Island in the South Pacific is a raised A detailed description of the geological set coral atoll, located at 19° S and 169° W. The in ting of Niue Is. may be found in Schofield (1959) terior of the island is dolomitised, and is covered and a summary follows. by reddish-brown soils rich in Fe, Al and Niue Island is a raised coral atoll consisting phosphate in the form of goethite, gibbsite and of seaward cliffs rising steeply from the sea but crandallite respectively (the mean soil P205 is girded by a terrace on which sits Alofi, the 4%; Whitehead et al. -
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (Reporting 2020 2021 Revenues) APPROVED BY OMB 3060-0855 >>> Please read instructions before completing.<<< Annual Filing -- due April 1, 20212022 Block 1: Contributor Identification Information During the year, filers must refile Blocks 1, 2 and 6 if there are any changes in Lines 104 or 112. See Instructions. 101 Filer 499 ID [If you don't know your number, contact the administrator at (888) 641-8722. If you are a new filer, write “NEW” in this block and a Filer 499 ID will be assigned to you.] 102 Legal name of filer 103 IRS employer identification number [Enter 9 digit number] 104 Name filer is doing business as 105 Telecommunications activities of filer [Select up to 5 boxes that best describe the reporting entity. Enter numbers starting with “1” to show the order of importance -- see instructions.] Audio Bridging (teleconferencing) Provider CAP/CLEC Cellular/PCS/SMR (wireless telephony inc. by resale) Coaxial Cable Incumbent LEC Interconnected VoIP Interexchange Carrier (IXC) Local Reseller Non-Interconnected VoIP Operator Service Provider Paging Payphone Service Provider Prepaid Card Private Service Provider Satellite Service Provider Shared-Tenant Service Provider / Building LEC SMR (dispatch) Toll Reseller Wireless Data Other Local Other Mobile Other Toll If Other Local, Other Mobile or Other Toll is checked describe carrier type / services provided: 106.1 Affiliated Filers Name/Holding Company Name (All affiliated companies must show the same -
Northern Mariana Islands
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CUSTOMS REGULATIONS AND INFORMATION FOR IMPORTS HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND PERSONAL EFFECTS Note: American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Baker Island, Howland Islands, Jarvis Island, Johnston Island, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra, and Wake Island are all territories / possessions of the United States and as such are subject to the importation rules of the United States. They may have additional requirements to import into each territory as each one has a delicate ecosystem they are trying to protect. An individual is generally considered a bona fide resident of a territory / possession if he or she is physically present in the territory for 183 days during the taxable year, does not have a tax home outside the territory during the tax year, and does not have a closer connection to the U.S. or a foreign country. However, U.S. citizens and resident aliens are permitted certain exceptions to the 183-day rule. Documents Required Copy of Passport (some ports require Passports for all family members listed on the 3299) Form CF-3299 Supplemental Declaration (required by most ports) Detailed inventory in English Copy of Visa (if non-US citizen / permanent resident) / copy of Permanent Resident Card I-94 Stamp / Card Copy of Bill of Lading (OBL) / Air Waybill (AWB) Form DS-1504 (Diplomats) A-1 Visa (Diplomats) Importers Security Filing (ISF) Specific Information The shipper must be present during Customs clearance. All shipments are subject to inspection. Do not indicate “packed by owner” (PBO) or miscellaneous descriptions on the detailed inventory. -
Status of Pacific Island Coral Reef Fisheries by Tim Adams1, Paul Dalzell1 and Richard Farman2
Status of Pacific Island coral reef fisheries by Tim Adams1, Paul Dalzell1 and Richard Farman2 1. SPC Coastal Fisheries Programme 2. Service de la mer, Province Sud, Nouméa, New Caledonia (paper presented at 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama, 1996) Abstract It is difficult to determine the status of fisheries on Pacific Islands coral reefs. The region is economically undeveloped, sparsely populated and its coral reefs are scattered over a vast area. Resultant constraints on monitoring and investigation mean that quantitative information is rare. The few available quantitative indicators are summarised here alongside opinions based on extensive practical experience. Most anecdotal reports about exploitation of Pacific Island marine life that reach the global press concern adverse aspects of fisheries and this, in context with the definite crises being experienced in other global fisheries, particularly southeast Asian reef-fisheries, has led to a general feeling of pessimism about the broad impact of fishing on Pacific Island reefs. However, the available evidence suggests that Pacific Island reef fisheries as a whole do not exert an excessive pressure on reefs and that (high) local protein nutritional demands can be sustained at least for the immediate future. However, it is urgent that this apparent overall sustainability be consolidated through state-recognised management arrangements; it is necessary that some specific overfishing problems be addressed; and it is particularly important that the adverse influence of terrestrial activities and run-off on the carrying capacity of coral reefs fisheries be mitigated. Introduction Fisheries on Pacific Island coral reefs, despite the increasing pace of outside influence, are still overwhelmingly subsistence fisheries. -
B: Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific
Appendix B Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific1 Introduction Howland, Jarvis, and Baker Islands There are eight isolated and unincorporated is- Howland, Jarvis and Baker are arid coral islands lands and reefs under U.S. control and sovereignty in the southern Line Island group (figure B-l). Aside in the tropical Pacific Basin. Included in this cate- from American Samoa, Jarvis Island is the only gory are: Kingman Reef, Palmyra and Johnston other U.S.-affiliated island in the Southern Hemi- Atolls in the northern Line Island group; Howland, sphere. These islands lie within one-half degree Baker and Jarvis Islands in the southern Line Is- from the equator, in the equatorial climatic zone. land group; Midway Atoll at the northwest end of During the 19th century the United States and the Hawaiian archipelago; and Wake Island north Britain actively exploited the significant guano de- of the Marshall Islands. Evidence indicates that posits found on these three islands. Jarvis Island some of these islands were not inhabited prior to was claimed by the United States in 1857, and sub- “Western” discovery; and today some remain unin- sequently annexed by Britain in 1889. Jarvis, Howland, habited. and Baker Islands were made territories of the These islands range from less than 1 degree south United States in 1936, and placed under the juris- latitude to nearly 29 degrees north latitude and from diction of the Department of the Interior. The is- 162 degrees west to 167 east longitude. The climate lands currently are uninhabited. regimes range from arid to wet and equatorial to These atolls were used as weather stations and subtropical. -
Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources .......................................................................................................................... -
Elsevier First Proof
CLGY 00558 a0005 Trophic Structure E Preisser, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA ª 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction Further Reading Control of Trophic Structure Energy transfer from producers to higher Factors Affecting Control of Trophic Structure trophic levels s0005 Introduction emphasizes the role(s) played by nutrient limitation and energetic inputs to producers and the subsequent effi- p0005 Trophic structure is defined as the partitioning of biomass ciency of energy transfer between trophic levels in between trophic levels (subsets of an ecological commu- determining the biomass accumulation at each trophic nity that gather energy and nutrients in similar ways, that level. The second category, top-down control, empha- is, producers, carnivores). The forces controlling biomass sizes the importance of predation in producing patterns accumulation at each trophic level have been a central of biomass accumulation that are often at odds with those concern of ecology dating from the early twentieth-cen- predicted byPROOF energy inputs alone. While recognizing the tury work of Elton and Lindeman. While interspecific differences between these two factors, it is also important interactions such as omnivory and intraguild predation to emphasize that both bottom-up and top-down factors can make it difficult to assign many organisms to a single represent extremes along a continuum of importance for trophic level, several broadly defined trophic levels are regulatory control. While ecologists debate the extent nonetheless clearly distinguishable. Primary producers, to which bottom-up versus top-down control influence autotrophic organisms (primarily plants and algae) that trophic structure in particular ecosystems, there is a broad convert light or chemical energy into biomass, make up consensus that both need to be considered when consid- the basal trophic level. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS in SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA by A. F
MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA By A. F. BUDDINGTON INTRODUCTION In the Sitka district the continued operation of the Chicagoff and Hirst-Chicagof gold mines and the installation and operation of a new mill at the Apex-El Nido property in 1924, all on Chichagof Island, have stimulated a renewed interest in prospecting for gold ores. In the Juneau district a belt of metamorphic rock, which extends from Funter Bay to Hawk Inlet on Admiralty Island and con tains a great number of large, well-defined quartz fissure veins, was being prospected on the properties of the Admiralty-Alaska Gold Mining Co. and the Alaska-Dano Co. on Funter Bay and of Charles Williams and others on Hawk Inlet. The Admiralty-Alaska Co. Avas driving a long tunnel which is designed to cut at depth several large quartz veins. On the Charles Williams property a long shoot of ore has been proved on one vein and a large quantity of quartz that assays low in gold. In the Wrangell district the only property being prospected dur ing 1924 to an extent greater tihan that required for assessment work was the silver-lead vein on the Lake claims, east of Wrangell. In the Ketchikan district, as reported, the Dunton gold mine, near Hollis, was operated during 1924 by the Kasaan Gold Co. and the Salt Chuck palladium-copper mine by the Alaskan Palladium Co., and development work on a copper prospect was being carried on at Lake Bay. In the Hyder district the outstanding feature for 1924 has been the development of ore shoots at the Riverside property to the stage which has been deemed sufficient to warrant construction of a 50-ton mill to treat the ore by a combination of tables and flotation.