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The Tractarians: a Study of the Interaction of John Keble, Hurrell Froude, John Henry Newman, and Edward Pusey in the Genesis and Early Course of the Oxford Movement

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The Tractarians: a Study of the Interaction of John Keble, Hurrell Froude, John Henry Newman, and Edward Pusey in the Genesis and Early Course of the Oxford Movement University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 6-1-1965 The tractarians: A study of the interaction of John Keble, Hurrell Froude, John Henry Newman, and Edward Pusey in the genesis and early course of the Oxford movement Andrew C. Conway University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Conway, Andrew C., "The tractarians: A study of the interaction of John Keble, Hurrell Froude, John Henry Newman, and Edward Pusey in the genesis and early course of the Oxford movement" (1965). Student Work. 355. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/355 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE TftACTAItXAIfS A 3m m OF THE IMSRACTXOI? OF JOHH KBBJUE, HOBEKOi f r o t o e , jo h h mmnr m m m 9 km edwako pusey x i the g&me&zs AMD EARJMC COURSE OF TUB OXFORD HOVEMIST A T h e s is t o t h e Department of History and th e Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies University of Omaha Xn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Hester of Arts t y Andrew C# Conway June 1 9 4 5 UMI Number: EP72993 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI EP72993 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Accepted for the faculty of the College of oreduet# Studies of the University of Omaha# in partial fulfillm ent o f th e requirem ents for the degree Hester of Arts. k v VC t i y j OTSi risen Department" Graduate Committee (C^Si- i i PREFACE The story of religion# as fascinating as It la myster­ ious# la as old as man himself. Christianity# which comprises a major part of religion# has for many centuries been a sig­ nificant force at work fashioning the lives of Individuals and the destinies of nations, the writer9s purpose Is not to examine In detail world religious development# but rather to examine the Influence of one small group of men on a signifi­ cant development of Christianity in Great Britain. The Oxford movement# so called because It was conceived by a few men affiliated with Oriel College# Oxford, was the answer of men of the High Church party to the wave of reform agitation and liberalism sweeping the country. It is an en­ thralling episode in the story of Christianity in the British I s l e s . ihe writer Is indebted to numerous individuals for as­ sistance In varying kinds and degrees in the work of complet­ ing not only this study but all other requirements necessary for the degree—to Dr. A. Stanley Trickett# Head of the His­ t o r y D epartm ent a t th e U n iv e r s ity o f Omaha# f o r h i s p a t i e n t guidance of a novice unpracticed in the art of historical re­ search and writing; to Dr. Ert J. Gum for his invaluable ad­ vice and criticism while reading the final draft and making recommendations enabling the writer to prepare the copy in final form; to othera of the faculty of the History Depart­ ment under idiom the writer has engaged in graduate studies; to Miss Ella Jane Daugherty, administrator of the inter!!- brary loan service at the University of Omaha library for gracious assistance in securing reference material; and, most of all, to his wife, Johnnie, whose patience, helpful­ ness, understanding, and faith enabled the writer to adhere to the task until completed. iv T&BLF: OF CQITTEWTS PREFACE C h a p te r I . 'IRE HISTORICAL BACKOROtJlTDi AH0LICAH CHRISTIAHITY IH THE TURBULEHT DAIS OF THE BARLY HINETEEKffi CEHTURY..................................... Introduction The Two Main Parties In the Early nineteenth Century Church of England Character of the Clergy The Influence of Eraatlenlsm Repeal of the Teat and Corporation Acts* and Roman Catholic Emancipation U tilitarianism and Liberalism She Reform B ill of 1832 the Irish Church Temporalities Bill I I . KEBLE1S EARLY LIFE AMD ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO THE MOVBMEHT. * .................................... Pre-Oxford Years A Student at Oxford Tutor and Fellow of Oriel The C lergym an The Christian Year Professor of1'Poetry fCeble* s Mystic Influence I I I . OTHER PARTICIPANTS EARLY IK HIE MOVEMENT. , . Richard Harrell Froude John Henry Newman Edward B. Pusey Hugh James Rose I s a a c Wi111 oms William Palmer Arthur P. Perceval Charles M arriott Summarisation IV . THE SIGNAL FOR ACTION! KEBLE*3 SERMON OH "HAHOVAL APOSTASY1’ ...... 7k The Setting end Occasion for the Sermon 7k Theme o f the Sermon 77 H e s u its 85 V. TO ACTS FOE T ® TIMES............ 88 The Ha&lelgh Conference 88 Addresses to the Archbishop 92 The of the Tracts 9k The Hature of the Tracts 9© The Purpose of the. Tracts 98 Contributors to the Tracts 101 The Changing Character of the Tracts 103 V I. THE FI JUT TWELVE YEARS OF fflE REVIVAL .... 107 Pusey Joins 107 Neuman* s S t . M ary1 s Serm ons 110 The Via Media of the Anglican Church 111 '■file ?£anacle"'oF~TractarIan''"3ueeess 113 Hxe Question of Romanism 115 Froude * s Death—Publication of his Remains 110 Tract 90 122 Divisioni Development of the Penchant for Home 125 The Secessions 129 V II. OPPOSITION TO THE MOVEMENT........................................ 132 University and Church Authorities 132 The Divinity Professorship Controversy 135 Ihe ’’Martyrs* liemorial** 137 The Jerusalem Bishopric 139 The Poetry Professorship Contest lij.0 Pusey* s Oondeimatl on 11*2 V I I I . THIS CONCLUSION ........................................ 11*5 BIRUO0RAFHY ......................................... 153 vi CHAPTER I TIE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: ANGLICAN CHRISTIANITY III THE TURBULENT DAIS OF THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY Ihe first three decades of the nineteenth century in Greet Britain lend themselves to division into two equal but somewhat diverse periods* During the first fifteen year span foreign affairs—the war with France, primarily—was the fo­ cus of attention* In the second period the problems o f p eace following the victory over Napoleon were of major concern* During the second period the nation was also torn with the continuing problem of social and political reform. One of the most absorbing facets of this many-sided problem was the assault on the state church by the combined forces of liber­ als, dissenters, Homan Catholics, and unbelievers. The assaults on the church were Instrumental in uniting and bringing Into action a small group of resolute, resource­ ful clergymen at Oriel College in Oxford University who were determined to defend the Church of England and to restore to it the power and prestige which they believed that it should rightfully have. The concerted action of this small group of men developed into a movement destined to have a profound effect on the religious lives of many of the English people. 2 The movement eventually came to be know by a number of dif­ ferent names* among the most common being the Apostolic move­ ment* the Anglican revival* the Anglo-Catholic movement of 1833# the Oxford movement* Puseyism, the ITactarian movement* and the High Church revival. It is the purpose In this study to examine the roles of four independent but like-minded men—John Keble, Hurrell Froude * John Henry He wan* and Edward Fuse y—who interacted on one another to an unusual degree In bringing about the genesis and early development of the Tractarlan movement. V&itle many authorities attribute to Wewman unquestioned lead­ ership of the movement* the writer shall essay to show that It was the interaction of these four individuals* rather than the actions of any one man, that brought about the beginning and early successes of the movement. As a prelude to such a study, it will first be necessary to describe briefly the general state of religion and the church in early nineteenth century England, the era of George III and George IV. At that time the Anglican church was composed mainly of two bod­ ies* alike in many respects but differing widely in others. The United Church of England and Ireland* commonly called the Church of England, was an exceedingly complex In­ stitution. "Her apologists* * wrote ffalevy, "might say of the Church what Bishop Jebb said of her liturgy—that it ’is not the work of one man* of one society, or of one age 5 it la like the British Constitution* a precious result of accumulative 3 1 and collective wisdom1. ** Toward the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century, about 1825-30, two characteristic forms of Church of England C hristianity were recognisable. Discernible within each of these groups were various parties or sects. H The difficulty of giving a coherent account of the parties within the Church of England,n declared Geoffrey Faber, modern British publisher and historian, "is increased by the confusion which has existed In the use of the terms, 2 High, Low, and Broad Church.
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