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Papers and Posters Presented at the 34Th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society the Ornni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C

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Papers and Posters Presented at the 34Th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society the Ornni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C Papers I-II Friday Morning Papers and Posters Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society The Ornni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C. November 5-7, 1993 IMPLICIT MEMORY I 9:35-9:50 (6) Palladian Room, Friday Morning, 8:00-9:55 Components of Information: A Framework for Memory Research. JOAN GAY SNODGRASS & CHUN RONG LUO. New York Univer­ Chaired by Kim Kirsner, University 0/ Western Australia sity-A components-of-information framework assumes different mem­ ory tasks have different item and associative information requirements. 8:00-8:10 (I) Levels of processing affects whether surface or semantic features of items Directed Forgetting in Conceptual and Perceptual Implicit Tests. are stored. while explicit retrieval instructions affect whether context­ BARBARA H. BASDEN. DAVID R. BASDEN. & RICHARD TOR­ to-item associations are required.A comparison of perceptual identifi­ ZYNSKI. California State University , Fresno-List- and word-method cation and word fragment completion tests under levels-of-processing directed forgetting were contrasted by measuring priming in various per­ and explicit retrieval manipulations showed that the two manipulations ceptual and conceptual tests . Know and Remember judgments in rec­ were separable and that word fragment completion relies less on sur­ ognition memory were also assessed. Results supported the validity of face features than perceptual identification does . Basden. Basden . and Gargano's (1993) suggestion that the processes underlying word- and list-method directed forgetting differ. Selected AITENTION I conceptual tests showed directed forgetting with the word method but Diplomat Room, Friday Morning, 8:00-9:55 not with the list method. consistent with predictions from Roediger's transfer appropriate processing approach. Chaired by Yehoshua Tsal , Tel Aviv University 8: 15-8:30 (2) Effects of Imagery on Perceptual Implicit Memory Tests. KATH ­ 8:00-8:20 (7) LEEN B. McDERMOTT & HENRY L. ROEDIGER Ill. Rice Uni­ Measuring the Relative Magnitude of Unconscious Influences. versity (read by Henry L. Roediger Ill)-Priming on perceptual implicit PHILIP M. MERlKLE & STEVE JOORDENS. University 0/ memory tests is highly specific to symbolic form (e.g. • little priming Waterloo-Perception without awareness was measured using an ex­ occurs from words to picture-fragment tests) . We report several exper­ clusion task that required subjects NOT to use briefly presented. masked iments in which instructing subjects to imagine relevant percepts (see words to complete three-letter word stems . With this task . the more fre­ a word and imagine its referent) promoted priming. but only on appropri­ quently subjects fail to exclude words they are instructed not to use. ate (i.e .• pictorial) tests . These results support transfer appropriate pro­ the greater are the unconscious influences relative to the conscious in­ cessing interpretations of priming. but show that priming is mediated fluences . We show that the exclusion task predicts qualitative differ­ by more central processes thanthe phrase "data-driven" would suggest . ences in performance such that stimuli perceived with and without aware­ 8:35-8:55 (3) ness lead to different consequences. Implicit Memory in Another Form. DOUGLAS L. NELSON . DAN! 8:25-8:40 (8) McKINNEY. & liE XU. University 0/ South Florida-Association Implicit Learning of Correlations Between Attended and "Unat­ norms were used to compute association networks for 2.500 words . This tended" Visual Stimuli. JOHN H. FLOWERS & KlETH A. CARL­ database was used to select words whose networks systematically varied SON. University 0/Nebraska-In a flanker task. subjects exhibited learn­ in size and connectivity. Some networks are more highly interconnected ing without awareness when correlations existed between simultaneously than others. and some have fewer outside connections. The results of presented flankers (@ ••• or #) and targets (letters or digits). Inform­ several experiments illustrating the effects of connections inside and out­ ing subjects of the exact probability relationships did not improve per­ side the immediate associative network will be reported. and implica­ formance relative to uninformed subjects. However. when flankers on tions for a theory of implicit memory will be discussed. trial N predicted targets on trial N + I. no evidence for either implicit 9:00-9:15 (4) or explicit learning of correlations was found . Further Support for a Generation/Recognition Account of Perfor­ 8:45-9:00 (9) mance on Word-Fragment Cued Tests. BRADFORD H. CHALLIS. Effects ofSemantic Relations on the Attentional Blink. WILLIAM University ofToronto; & ENDEL TULVING. Rotman Research Insti­ S. MAKI. KAREN FRlGEN. & KRISTEN PAULSON. North Dakota tute (read by Endel Tulving)-The generationl recognition account of State University-The attentional blink is the transient loss in accuracy performance on word-fragment cued tests holds that implicit processes of identification of the second of two targets (TI and 1'2) in an RSVP of a perceptual and semantic nature underlie generation of items. and stream. In our research. TI and 1'2 are words. When T2 is an associate depending on the test instructions. recognition is used to select studied of T I. reporting of T2 is much improved. but the attentional blink is items from those generated . In three experiments. we used single-solution still present. We will report the results ofadditional experiments on as­ word-fragment test cues and varied study condition (level of process­ sociative relations among targets and distractors. ing. modality of presentation) and test instruction (fragment comple­ 9:05-9:20 (10) tion. cued recall . exclusion. inclusion). The findings were consistent Probe Manipulations in the Attentional Blink Paradigm. KlMRON with the generation/recognition account. L. SHAPIRO. TARA MOROZ. & JANE E. RAYMOND. University 9:20-9:30 (5) o/Calgary-Previous investigations into the Attentional Blink (AB) ef­ Priming and Recognition Memory Within and Between Vision fect focused on aspects of the first target task to determine what causes and Touch. RANDOLPH D. EASTON. KAVITHA SRlNIVAS. & the AB. The present investigation focuses on aspects of the second tar­ ANTHONY J. GREENE. Boston College-Cross modal transfer was get task (probe) by differentiating it from the distractor stream. Results examined on a priming and a recognition memory task for novel shapes reveal that theAB is completely eliminatedwhen theprobe is a luminance presented vibrotactually or visually. For the priming task. significant change but is actually enhanced when it is a gap condition. When used effects occurred within and between modalities. which did not differ as targets. both conditions reveal no AB. in magnitude. In contrast. recognition was highest for shapes studied 9:25-9:35 (11) visually. The relation between vision and touch is considered in terms Perceptual Grouping in RSVP. JANE E. RAYMOND. University of implicit and explicit memory systems. ofCalgary, JUDY I. CALDWELL. University ofVictoria, & KlMRON 353 Friday Morning Papers 12-22 L. SHAPIRO, University of Calgary-Attentional blink (AB) effects suits indicate that hemispheric asymmetry is both process- and modality­ found in dual-target RSVP paradigms may result from interference be­ specific . tween target and distractor stimuli, especially immediate posttarget stim­ 9:15-9:35 (17) uli. Can perceptual grouping factors be used to minimize target-<!.istractor Cerebral Mechanisms Underlying Processing of Speech and Music. interference ? We presented targets that differed in colour , luminance, ROBERT J. ZATORRE, MontrealNeurologicalInstitute-Focal changes position, or orientation from distractor items and manipulated similar­ in cerebral blood flow associated with specific cognitive functions were ity between target and immediateposttarget stimuli. It appears that group­ studied via PET. Results indicate that laterally specialized temporal ne­ ing factors which facilitate spatial visual organization may have limited ocortical systems are involved in initial perceptual analysis of speech effect temporally . syllables and melodies. Further processing engages distinct networks: 9:40-9:50 (12) Tasks requiring access to the phonetic structure of speech activate left Negative Priming: Effects of Pattern Masking. W. TRAMMELL Broca's area, suggesting articulatory recoding. Judgments about pitch NEILL & KATHLEEN M. TERRY, Adelphi University-Previous re­ elicit participation of right frontal cortex , but complex frontotemporal search suggests that "negative priming" by ignored objects is reversed interactions are observed with increased working memory load. if they are rendered unreportable by a pattern mask. However, both 9:40-10:00 (18) target and distractor stimuli were masked, obviating the requirement Perceptual Correlates of Cortical Reorganization; Phantom Limbs, for selection and response. In the present experiments , compatible or Scotomas, and Squint. V. S. RAMACHANDRAN & D. ROGERS­ incompatibleflanking letters were masked while subjects identified target RAMACHANDRAN, University ofCalifornia, San Diego-After ann letters. Negative priming is attenuated or reversed by masking, but may amputation, adult human subjects "refer" sensations from their face not directly reflect flanker reportability or interference effects. to the phantom limb, a perceptual correlate of the neural remapping re­ ported by Pons (1991) . We also studied patients with exotropia and NEUROPSYCHOLOGY/LATERALITY showed
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