DOCSLIB.ORG

Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The art of being different: exploring diversity in the cultural industries Brandellero, A.M.C. Publication date 2011 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Brandellero, A. M. C. (2011). The art of being different: exploring diversity in the cultural industries. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:23 Sep 2021 55555 Paris, capital of worlD Music? ExPloring the trans-local Dynamics of Music production (Submitted for review. Co-authored by Ludovic Halbert1) PARIs, CAPITAl OF wORlD MUSIC? 5.1 Introduction In recent decades, a growing focus of the (urban) geographies of music production and consumption has highlighted the interaction between music production and place (Cohen 1991; Straw 1991; Hesmondhalgh 1996; Negus 1997; Scott 1999; Power and Hallencreutz 2002). Social processes are seen as having a significant influence on how music is produced, distributed and consumed: cultural, historical, geographical and political factors come into play in the mediation of music (Negus 1997, p.65). More generally, the music industry is often connected to local creative milieus and displays a tendency towards clustering in urban areas (Hesmondhalgh 1996; Scott 1999). From a more cultural perspective, the symbolic value of place in the making of a cultural product may reinforce the spatial clustering of cultural industries. It is argued for example that there is a specifically territorial value of a place which imbues the product with a particular form of authenticity (Scott 2004). In this sense, the concentration of cultural activities in cities with a reputation and a symbolic value would contribute to the success of locally made cultural products (Molotch 2002). As a result, the emergence of local ‘music scenes’ cannot be attributed only to serendipity, but rather can be seen as resulting from actively created and maintained coalitions and alliances between agents (Straw 1991). However, the key role attributed here to urban networks should not lead to a conceptualization of music production as a bounded and inward-looking process restricted to city-regional level (Watson 2007). On the contrary, music production is increasingly be understood in the framework of wider processes of cultural globalization (Crane 1994), drawing upon multiple spatial dynamics of production and scales of cultural valorization. Following a relational economy perspective (Bathelt and Glückler 2003; Boggs and Rantisi 2003), we view the commodification of creativity into cultural products as a contested yet self-reinforcing and reproducing process in which (contextually and historically) situated networks of agents are predominant. On a geographical level, this results in a dynamic trans-local socio-spatial system of production and consumption, simultaneously mobilizing multiple scales (Grabher 2002a; Wolfe and Gertler 2004; Wolfe 2009), connected via global knowledge pipelines (Bathelt, Malmberg et al. 2004b). The competitiveness of a cluster and the success of its outputs is also connected to the ability to draw upon globally dispersed markets, calling for an analysis which combines the unpacking of local production and wider access to buyers’ dynamics (Power and Hallencreutz 2007). This approach invites us to explore both the trans-local interdependencies and the local specificities of cultural production, or in a more general perspective, the multifarious and interrelated scales and linkages of cultural production and consumption networks. In other words, the concentration of cultural industries in large city-regions does not merely result from positive externalities beneficially impacting production activities (as in the traditional cluster approach) but also reflects city- regional networks’ ability to draw upon and combine the multiple scales and territories of cultural production (Crevoisier and Jeannerat 2009). Be it in the very content of 127 PARIs, CAPITAl OF wORlD MUSIC? cultural products (their symbolic value), in their clustered but nonetheless networked modes of production (between local and distant clusters), in the geography of cultural consumption that is spread between numerous and often fragmented markets, or even in the collective actions undertaken locally, large city-regions appear to have the unique ability to pull together geographically differentiated resources into a cultural product. The resulting hypothesis is that some city-regions develop a competitive advantage over other locations not only because they host heterogeneous resources (Jacobs 1969) that may be combined fortuitously (see the notion of serendipity Hall 1998, page 21), but also because they concentrate the trans-local networks that have developed the ability to match these heterogeneous resources to anticipate or meet market expectations (Halbert 2010). The case of world music provides an illuminating example of how geographical scales and distanced places are intrinsically combined in ‘intermediary arrangements’ that constitute the networked nature of (urban) cultural production (Latour 1993:122). The genre is generally characterized by a multiple deterritorialisation of musical outputs: firstly, the transmission and consumption of ‘local’ music occurs far beyond the local, regional and national boundaries (Connell and Gibson 2003). The spatial distance between the loci of creativity and its consumption is a crucial component of the aura of authenticity often created around the marketing of world music products, and allows mostly post-colonial urban societies to experiment the illusion of a still preserved otherness (Connell and Gibson 2003), Secondly, the actual production and distribution of world music is highly centralized and structured around cities in Europe and the USA (Taylor 1997; Brandellero and Pfeffer Submitted). The co-location of actors specialized in researching, reviewing, producing and staging world music in the city creates a trans-local nexus of valorization, mediation and distribution of related musical output. Additionally, large urban areas become the stages where, through the vehicle of migration and more spontaneous (artistic) encounters, the boundaries between rural and urban, national and transnational, vernacular and religious music traditions become blurred and hybrid styles surface (Hall 1998). As a result of this fragmented geography, world music provides a case in point in analyzing the extent to which, in an era of increased (economic) globalization, cities are involved in a ‘continuum of relations in networks of varying length’ (Halbert and Rutherford 2010), calling for an analysis of local and trans-local dynamics of creativity, production and consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyze how these relations and dynamics occur in practice, by exploring the evolution of the cluster and the complex ecosystem of production, valorization and consumption of world music in the Paris city-region. We first contextualize our paper by positioning it among recent work on geography and music. We then provide an overview of our fieldwork and data collection, highlighting the role of Paris as a pioneering city in the consumption and production of world music. Subsequently, we present unique empirical material on the geography of the world music industry in the Paris region and details the contours of the cluster. On this basis, the paper then sets out to deepen our understanding of the trans-local dimension of the world music industry and how it impacts the functioning of the cluster. Finally, 128 Chapter 5 PARIs, CAPITAl OF wORlD MUSIC? we analyze the critical juncture at which the cluster finds itself, against the backdrop of the wider music industry crisis, and the collective response by actors directly and indirectly related to the sector. While the cluster’s historical competitiveness may be tied to its ability to draw upon fresh talent, expert knowledge and a dense critical infrastructure of producers, venues and media, the future pivots around building upon established reputations and marketing the music more effectively. 5.2 Music Clusters and the city The concentration of cultural activities in large city-regions is widely established in the recent literature (Zukin 1995; Hall 1998; Scott 2000a; Florida 2002; Lloyd 2004; Scott 2004). Major city-regions such as New York, Los Angeles, London, Berlin or Paris constitute both a site of cultural production and of consumption, where some districts are emblematic, thriving on social agglomeration and proximity (see Hall 1998; Lloyd 2006; Currid 2007a). Various forms of proximity (Rallet and Torre 1998; spatial but also organisational, institutional, cognitive,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Development of the Tourism Industry in Paris, France
    Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College Toor Cummings Center for International Studies CISLA Senior Integrative Projects and the Liberal Arts (CISLA) 2020 The Development of the Tourism Industry in Paris, France Christian Carr-Locke Connecticut College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sip Recommended Citation Carr-Locke, Christian, "The Development of the Tourism Industry in Paris, France" (2020). CISLA Senior Integrative Projects. 5. https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sip/5 This Honors Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Toor Cummings Center for International Studies and the Liberal Arts (CISLA) at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in CISLA Senior Integrative Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. Carr-Locke 1 Explanations for the Development of the Tourism Industry in Paris, France Christian Carr-Locke Gov 491: Independent Study Professor Tian Fall 2019 Carr-Locke 2 Introduction Travel and tourism activity dates back thousands of years. Travel for recreational and educational purposes was a phenomenon highlighted in the writings of ancient Egyptian culture; the Greeks traveled to Delphi in consideration of the Oracle and to attend the Olympic Games; classical Rome sparked travel in light of certain holidays – as well-off Romans went to seaside resorts in the South or lavished on the beaches of Egypt and Greece.1 Both occurrences of travel and tourism have maintained themselves throughout the course of history; however, as it concerns a more contemporary dialogue, it is important to distinguish the qualities that particularly define tourism from travel.
    [Show full text]
  • Base Prospectus Dated 7 November 2017 CITY of PARIS Debt-Notes
    Base Prospectus dated 7 November 2017 CITY OF PARIS Debt-notes issue programme (Euro Medium Term Note Programme) of 6,000,000,000 euros The City of Paris (the “Issuer”) may, under the Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”), which is the subject of this base prospectus (the “Base Prospectus”) and with respect for applicable laws, regulations and directives, issue debt notes (the “Notes”) at any time. The total nominal amount of Notes in circulation cannot exceed 6,000,000,000 euros at any time (or the exchange value of this amount in other currencies calculated at the relevant issue date). In some circumstances, a request for admission into trading on Euronext Paris (“Euronext Paris”) may be made. Euronext Paris is a market regulated under Directive 2004/39/EC of 21 April 2004 (a “Regulated Market”). The Notes may also be granted admission into trading on another regulated market of the European Economic Area (EEA) or on a non-regulated market or not be granted admission into trading. The relevant Final Terms (as defined in the chapter “Terms and Conditions of the Notes” and of which the model features in this document), prepared in the framework of any issue of Notes, shall stipulate if these Notes are granted admission or not into trading and will indicate, if necessary, the Regulated Market concerned. This Base Prospectus has been submitted to the AMF (L’Autorité des marchés financiers, France’s financial-markets regulator), who marked it with their stamp of approval under no. 17-577 on 7 November 2017. The Notes can be issued in a dematerialised form (“Dematerialised Notes”) or a materialised form (“Materialised Notes”), as described in this Base Prospectus.
    [Show full text]
  • Paris Change D'ère, Vers La Neutralité Carbone En 2050
    PARIS CHANGE D'ÈRE Vers la neutralité carbone en 2050 Étude commandée par la Ville de Paris dans le cadre de ses réflexions pour la construction d'une ville neutre en carbone. PRÉAMBULE Ce document est une contribution du groupement Elioth scénarios, estimer davantage la sensibilité de différents (mandataire associant Quattrolibri, Mana et Egis Conseil) à paramètres et de fournir aussi un modèle de simulation au l’élaboration de la stratégie de la Ville de Paris pour atteindre long cours dans les prochaines années. la neutralité carbone en 2050. Cette étude est une contri- bution au débat : les mesures indiquées sont proposées à titre purement indicatif et n’engagent que les membres du groupement. Les actions et stratégies décrites corres- Le document décline le récit sous plusieurs formes thé- pondent à un corpus, un bouquet d’actions permettant matiques, sociologique, chronologique et politique puis de décrire « une » stratégie de neutralité carbone : l’action experte dans la note méthodologique : politique et des citoyens en promettent assurément bien d’autres. • La section 1 (le défi) et la section 2 (la vision de Paris en 2050) s’adressent en particulier aux spécialistes de l’action Avec humilité, nous livrons ici non pas une bible mais territoriale, élus, techniciens, prospectivistes, spécialistes une caverne d’ali-baba: une source foisonnante d’oppor- de la politique climatique ou principaux délégataires de tunités, de défis, de questionnements, d’innovations, de services publics (eau, électricité, transports...) ; trajectoires,
    [Show full text]
  • Reflecting the Sun: Mirrors, Masculinity, and Monarchy Under Louis Xiv
    REFLECTING THE SUN: MIRRORS, MASCULINITY, AND MONARCHY UNDER LOUIS XIV By ALEC MOORE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF THE ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2018 1 © 2018 Alec Moore 2 To my dear sweet Lou-Lou Bae 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members Melissa Hyde, Elizabeth Ross, and Rori Bloom for their time, attention and patience in the completion of this thesis. I owe Melissa Hyde a particular debt of gratitude for advising me over the course of my time here at the University of Florida. Additionally, I would like to thank all those who supported me during my time here in Gainesville: Jennaca Taipulus, Sarah Sloan, Ivy Margosian, Mark Hodge, Chase Machado — and few I know I am forgetting — your comradery meant the world to me. Jennifer Jurgens is due a special “thank you” for her eternal commitment to keeping me sane. As always I would not have made it this far without the support of my family whose continued investment in my success made all the difference. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Animation Industry: Technological Changes, Production Challenges, and Global Shifts
    THE ANIMATION INDUSTRY: TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES, PRODUCTION CHALLENGES, AND GLOBAL SHIFTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hyejin Yoon, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Edward J. Malecki, Adviser Professor Nancy Ettlinger Adviser Graduate Program in Geography Professor Darla K. Munroe ABSTRACT Animated films have grown in popularity as expanding markets (such as TV and video) and new technologies (notably computer graphics imagery) have broadened both the production and consumption of cartoons. As a consequence, more animated films are produced and watched in more places, as new “worlds of production” have emerged. The animation production system, specialized and distinct from film production, relies on different technologies and labor skills. Therefore, its globalization has taken place differently from live-action film production, although both are structured to a large degree by the global production networks (GPNs) of the media conglomerates. This research examines the structure and evolution of the animation industry at the global scale. In order to investigate these, 4,242 animation studios from the Animation Industry Database are used. The spatial patterns of animation production can be summarized as, 1) dispersion of the animation industry, 2) concentration in world cities, such as Los Angeles and New York, 3) emergence of specialized animation cities, such as Annecy and Angoulême in France, and 4) significant concentrations of animation studios in some Asian countries, such as India, South Korea and the Philippines. In order to understand global production networks (GPNs), networks of studios in 20 cities are analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Beijing's Competitive Advantage As An
    A Study of Beijing‘s Competitive Advantage as an Emergent Media Capital Angela Lin Huang Bachelor of Law / Master of Law A dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology 2012 1 Keywords Media capital Media industries Media market Media cluster Media policy China Beijing Institution i Abstract The development of creative industries has been connected to urban development since the end of the 20th century. However, the causality of why creative industries always cluster and develop in certain cities hasn‘t been adequately demonstrated, especially as to how various resources grow, interact and nurture the creative capacity of the locality. Therefore it is vital to observe how the local institutional environment nurtures creative industries and how creative industries consequently change the environment in order to better address the connection between creative industries and localities. In Beijing, the relocation of CCTV, BTV and Phoenix to Chaoyang District raises the possibility of a new era for Chinese media, one in which the stodginess of propaganda content will give way to exciting new forms and genres. The mixing of media companies in an open commercial environment (away from the political power district of Xicheng) holds the promise of more freedom of expression and, ultimately, to a ‗media capital‘ (Curtin, 2003). These are the dreams of many media practitioners in Beijing. But just how realistic are their expectations? This study adopts the concept of ‗media capital‘ to demonstrate how participants, including state-media organisations, private media companies and international media conglomerates, are seeking out space and networks to survive in Beijing.
    [Show full text]
  • La Comunicación De La Mitigación Y La Adaptación Al Cambio Climático
    LA COMUNICACIÓN DE LA MITIGACIÓN Y LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO — Colección Comunicación y Pensamiento — La comunicación de la mitigación y la adaptación al Cambio Climático Coordinadores Rogelio Fernández-Reyes Daniel Rodrigo-Cano Autores (por orden de aparición) Rogelio Fernández-Reyes Daniel Rodrigo-Cano Irene Machuca de la Rosa José Antonio Moreno Cabezudo Antonio Alberto Rodríguez Sousa María Cristina García Carrera LA COMUNICACIÓN DE LA MITIGACIÓN Y LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Ediciones Egregius www.egregius.es Diseño de cubierta e interior: Francisco Anaya Benitez © Los autores 1ª Edición. 2018 ISBN 978-84-17270-68-1 NOTA EDITORIAL: Las opiniones y contenidos publicados en esta obra son de responsabili- dad exclusiva de sus autores y no reflejan necesariamente la opinión de Egregius Ediciones ni de los editores o coordinadores de la publicacion; asimismo, los autores se responsabilizarán de obtener el permiso correspondiente para incluir material publicado en otro lugar. Colección: Comunicación y Pensamiento Los fenómenos de la comunicación invaden todos los aspectos de la vida cotidiana, el acontecer contemporáneo es imposible de comprender sin la perspectiva de la co- municación, desde su más diversos ámbitos. En esta colección se reúnen trabajos académicos de distintas disciplinas y materias científicas que tienen como elemento común la comunicación y el pensamiento, pensar la comunicación, reflexionar para comprender el mundo actual y elaborar propuestas que repercutan en el desarrollo social y democrático de nuestras sociedades. La colección reúne una gran cantidad de trabajos procedentes de muy distintas par- tes del planeta, un esfuerzo conjunto de profesores investigadores de universidades e instituciones de reconocido prestigio.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parisian Spirit
    T W E N T Y The Parisian17 Spirit 2017 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT 2017 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT SFL 2017 CSR Report Introduction p. 5 6 26 The SFL property portfolio 4 Social value 4.1 Business ethics and governance p. 26 4.2 Attracting talent and developing employee skills p. 27 4.3 Health, safety and quality of working environment p. 28 9 4.4 Diversity and equal opportunity p. 29 4.5 Corporate sponsorship and philanthropy p. 30 1 CSR policies 1.1 The value chain of SFL and its stakeholders p. 9 1.2 CSR issues and objectives p. 10 1.3 Recognition of SFL’s performance p. 12 30 5 Appendices 5.1 Reporting scope and procedures p. 30 12 5.2 Identifying, prioritising and managing CSR issues p. 31 2 Utility value of our properties 5.3 Cross-reference table for information 2.1 Tenant relations and satisfaction p. 13 required under the Grenelle II Act p. 36 2.2 Property location and access p. 13 5.4 GRI* G4 indicators and cross-reference 2.3 Building certification p. 14 table for the GRI* G4 standard p. 38 2.4 Amenities, layout and organisational 5.5 EPRA indicators p. 44 efficiency p. 15 5.6 Report of one of the Statutory Auditors p. 46 2.5 Health, safety and environmental risk management p. 16 2.6 Community integration p. 17 Appendix 1 Selected CSR information p. 48 18 Appendix 2 Selected units p. 48 3 Green value of our properties 3.1 Sustainable building operation p.
    [Show full text]
  • French Hotel Industry Performance
    French Hotel Industry Performance April 2015 Notre actualité Tourisme, Culture & Hôtellerie Conseil, Evaluation et Transaction Annual study: The French Urban Residence Market The 9th edition of In Extenso TCH’s annual study on French urban residences offers a comprehensive analysis of the market: • Profile of supply and evolutions over five years • Breakdown of supply in France • Key players in the market, brand characteristics • General trading levels + focus on main markets STUDY AVAILABLE FROM 15 JUNE 2015, PRICED 800 € EXC. VAT For further information and ordering, please contact: Samuel Couteleau (02 51 80 18 29 / [email protected]) Recent references Client Description PCCI – Banque Mondiale Development plan for coastal tourism products and destinations, Benin Ville de Biarritz Assistance in seeking a hotel group to operate the Hôtel du Palais Developer Impact study of the various legal structures for a restructuring project, Morocco Conseil Départemental (44) Programming of the renovation of the Musée Dobrée, Nantes Family Office Analysis of the potential for reconverting an office building into a hotel Paris 10 CONSULTING AND VALUATION CULTURE AND TOURISME PHILIPPE GAUGUIER, ASSOCIATE MRICS DOMINIQUE LECEA, DIRECTOR OLIVIER PETIT, ASSOCIATE ANNE RAVARD, DEPUTY DIRECTOR Transaxio Hôtel sales instructions Scope Description Freehold,Vauculse 3* branded hotel-restaurant, > 100 renovated rooms, meeting rooms Off-plan (VEFA), Haute-Normandie 3* branded hotel project, c. 70 rooms, bar, parking TRANSAXIO HÔTEL GUY BOULO, DIRECTOR Articles Non-monetary recognition in the hotel sector, a key issue for the hotel industry Philippe Burger, Associate Consulting, Human Capital, Deloitte Leading in a volatile and uncertain climate: the keys to a new leadership style Jean-Marc Liduena, Associate Monitor Deloitte A 360° view of the guest Scott A.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbols of a Bourgeois Empire: the Intersection of Class and Government During Paris’S Transformation Into a Middle-Class Capital
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2017 Symbols of a Bourgeois Empire: The nI tersection of Class and Government during Paris's Transformation into a Middle-Class Capital Brian Teitelbaum Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation Teitelbaum, Brian, "Symbols of a Bourgeois Empire: The nI tersection of Class and Government during Paris's Transformation into a Middle-Class Capital" (2017). Honors Theses. 93. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/93 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Symbols of a Bourgeois Empire: The Intersection of Class and Government during Paris’s Transformation into a Middle-Class Capital By Brian G. Teitelbaum Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History Department of History Union College March, 2017 Table of Contents Chapter One: Paris before the Grand Travaux: The Factors that Prepared the French Capital for Renovation during the Second French Empire………………………………… 1-17 Chapter Two: Napoleon III and His New Bourgeois Government……………………….….. 18-30 Chapter Three: Haussmann: The Beneficiary of Bonapartist Meritocracy……………………...
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    46194 Public Disclosure Authorized Towards a Knowledge Economy in Thailand Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Office of the National Economic The World Bank and Social Development Board (Thailand) Public Disclosure Authorized ACKNOWLEDGMENT This report is the fruit of continuous collaboration between the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) and the World Bank. This report was prepared by a joint NESDB-World Bank team. The World Bank team members were Shahid Yusuf (Team Leader), Kirida Bhaopichitr, Kaoru Nabeshima, and Douglas Zeng with Jimena Luna and Wei Ha. The NESDB team comprised of Piyanuch Wuttisorn, Jinna Tansaraviput, Soontraluck Petchkoon, Wanchat Suwankitti, Angkana Chaiwiriya, Apiradee Wongkitrungrueng, and Kampree Sethaputra. The teams received overall guidance from NESDB Deputy Secretary Arkhom Termpittayapaisith, NESDB Senior Advisor Thanin Pa-em, and Kazi Matin (Lead Economist, World Bank). The production of this document was expertly handled by Ella Yadao and Ruangrong Thongampai at the World Bank. The report has benefited greatly from the collaboration of representatives from academia, government agencies, and private sector in providing invaluable inputs during the several focus groups meetings that were held during the preparation of the report. The NESDB-WB team wishes to sincerely thank all the representatives. We are particularly indebted Dr. Sakarindr Bhumiratana (President, National Science and Technology Development Agency), Associate Professor Sutham Vanichseni (Chairman,
    [Show full text]
  • Income Inequality in Paris in the Heyday of the Commercial Revolution
    Income Inequality in Paris in the Heyday of the Commercial Revolution Nathan Sussman* Hebrew University October, 2005 Rising inequality in recent decades in the U.S. and other developed economies has again focused attention on the relationship between inequality and growth, and the relationship between inequality and heterogeneity in abilities. This paper is a preliminary report based on the analysis of data extracted from the tax returns (the taille) imposed by Philip the Fair from 1292 to 1313 on the Parisian middle class. The major finding reported in this paper is that inequality in Paris in the heyday of the Commercial Revolution was very high – a Gini coefficient of 0.7. The medieval Gini coefficient is larger than values recorded for Latin American. Inequality was general and was not confined to one sector or the other. As theory would predict, this inequality was reflected also in large skill and ability premiums and was higher in the high return occupations. Inequality was also very high in skilled occupations controlled by craft guilds such as weaving or construction. I also focus on the very wealthy and show that the elite were very socially mobile. Studying death rates of tax payers accounted for in the tax rolls, I find the death rate to be comparable with that 19th century Europe. The overall picture that emerges is that the Parisian economy of the late middle ages provided ample incentives for the acquisition of human capital and rewarded ability and skill, and in that respect was closer into the information age economy of today. * The Author would like to thank Karine Gabay and Nimord Hagiladi for the their valuable assistance in coding the data and Eyal Seri for his help in statistical analysis.
    [Show full text]