Joan Roughgarden
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Vertical and Cross-Shore Distributions of Barnacle Larvae in La Jolla, CA Nearshore Waters
University of San Diego Digital USD Theses Theses and Dissertations Summer 8-31-2017 Vertical and cross-shore distributions of barnacle larvae in La Jolla, CA nearshore waters: implications for larval transport processes Malloree Lynn Hagerty University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Digital USD Citation Hagerty, Malloree Lynn, "Vertical and cross-shore distributions of barnacle larvae in La Jolla, CA nearshore waters: implications for larval transport processes" (2017). Theses. 25. https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses/25 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO San Diego Vertical and cross-shore distributions of barnacle larvae in La Jolla, CA nearshore waters: implications for larval transport processes A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Science by Malloree L. Hagerty Thesis Committee Nathalie B. Reyns, Ph.D., Chair Jennifer C. Prairie, Ph.D. Jesús Pineda, Ph.D. 2017 The thesis of Malloree L. Hagerty is approved by: Nathalie B. Reyns, Ph.D., Thesis Cgmmittee Chair University of San Diego JennifG?'C. Prairie1 Ph.D., Tfiesis Committee Member University of San Diego Jesus Pineda, Ph.D., The~is Committee Member Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of San Diego San Diego 2017 ii ii Copyright 2017 Malloree Hagerty iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I’d like to thank my advisor, Dr. -
Current Perspectives on Sexual Selection History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 9
Current Perspectives on Sexual Selection History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 9 Editors: Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board: Editors Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffi ths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan -
A Possible 150 Million Years Old Cirripede Crustacean Nauplius and the Phenomenon of Giant Larvae
Contributions to Zoology, 86 (3) 213-227 (2017) A possible 150 million years old cirripede crustacean nauplius and the phenomenon of giant larvae Christina Nagler1, 4, Jens T. Høeg2, Carolin Haug1, 3, Joachim T. Haug1, 3 1 Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg- Martinsried, Germany 2 Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 4 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: nauplius, metamorphosis, palaeo-evo-devo, Cirripedia, Solnhofen lithographic limestones Abstract The possible function of giant larvae ................................ 222 Interpretation of the present case ....................................... 223 The larval phase of metazoans can be interpreted as a discrete Acknowledgements ....................................................................... 223 post-embryonic period. Larvae have been usually considered to References ...................................................................................... 223 be small, yet some metazoans possess unusually large larvae, or giant larvae. Here, we report a possible case of such a giant larva from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Lithographic limestones (150 Introduction million years old, southern Germany), most likely representing an immature cirripede crustacean (barnacles and their relatives). The single specimen was documented with up-to-date -
Sexual Selection in Females
Animal Behaviour 77 (2009) 3–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yanbe Reviews Sexual selection in females Tim Clutton-Brock* Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge article info Darwin developed the theory of sexual selection to account for the evolution of weaponry, ornamen- Article history: tation and other secondary sexual characters that are commonly more developed in males and which Received 28 April 2008 appeared unlikely to contribute to survival. He argued that these traits had evolved either through Initial acceptance 25 May 2008 intrasexual competition between males to monopolize access to females or through consistent female Final acceptance 27 August 2008 preferences for mating with superior partners. Since 1871, a substantial body of research has confirmed Published online 31 October 2008 his explanation of the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males, although sex differences in MS. number: 08-00267 reproductive behaviour are more diverse and the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for them are more complex than was initially recognized. However, secondary sexual characters are also widespread Keywords: in females but, as yet, their evolution and distribution have received relatively little attention from gender differences evolutionary biologists. Here, I suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of secondary intrasexual competition sexual characters in females are similar to those operating in males and include intrasexual competition mate choice sex roles between females for breeding opportunities, male mating preferences and female competition to attract sexual selection mates. Unlike males, females often compete more intensely for resources necessary for successful reproduction than for access to mating partners and the development of secondary sexual characters in females may be limited by costs to fecundity rather than to survival. -
Finding Shared Values in a Diverse Society: Lessons from the Intelligent Design Controversy
FINDING SHARED VALUES IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY: LESSONS FROM THE INTELLIGENT DESIGN CONTROVERSY Alan E. Garfield∗† If we are to be as a shining city upon a hill, it will be because of our ceaseless pursuit of the constitutional ideal of human dignity.1 INTRODUCTION American society is destined to become dramatically more diverse over the course of this century. The Census Bureau estimates that non- Hispanic Whites will constitute less than half the population by mid- century2 and that foreign-born residents already outnumber the entire population of Canada.3 Although the Census Bureau does not track people’s religious affiliation,4 other surveys indicate that America is also ∗. Professor of Law, Widener University School of Law. This Article is a product of my work as the 2005–2007 H. Albert Young Fellow in Constitutional Law and was originally presented as the 2007 H. Albert Young Lecture at Widener University School of Law on April 25, 2007. †. I am grateful to the Young Foundation for its generous support of my scholarship, and to Erin Daly, Michael Goldberg, Stephen Henderson, Patrick Kelly, Laura Ray, and John Wladis for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this work. 1. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., Address at the Georgetown University Text and Teaching Symposium (Oct. 12, 1985), in THE GREAT DEBATE: INTERPRETING OUR WRITTEN CONSTITUTION 11, 25 (2005 ed.), available at http://www.fed-soc.org/resources/id.50/default.asp. 2. Press Release, U.S. Census Bureau, An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury (Aug. 14, 2008), available at http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/012496.html. -
An Introduction to Sociobiology: Inclusive Fitness and the Core Genome Herbert Gintis
An Introduction to Sociobiology: Inclusive Fitness and the Core Genome Herbert Gintis June 29, 2013 The besetting danger is ...mistaking part of the truth for the whole...in every one of the leading controversies...both sides were in the right in what they affirmed, though wrong in what they denied John Stuart Mill, On Coleridge, 1867 A Mendelian populationhas a common gene pool, whichis itscollective or corporate genotype. Theodosius Dobzhansky, Cold Springs Harbor Symposium, 1953. The interaction between regulator and structural genes... [reinforces] the concept that the genotype of the individual is a whole. Ernst Mayr, Populations, Species and Evolution, 1970 Abstract This paper develops inclusive fitness theory with the aim of clarifying its appropriate place in sociobiological theory and specifying the associated principles that render it powerful. The paper introduces one new concept, that of the core genome. Treating the core genome as a unit of selection solves problems concerning levels of selection in evolution. 1 Summary Sociobiology is the study of biological interaction, both intragenomic, among loci in the genome, and intergenomic, among individuals in a reproductive popula- tion (Gardner et al. 2007). William Hamilton (1964) extended the theory of gene frequencies developed in the first half of the Twentieth century (Crow and I would like to thank Samuel Bowles, Eric Charnov, Steven Frank, Michael Ghiselin, Peter Godfrey-Smith, David Haig, David Queller, Laurent Lehmann, Samir Okasha, Peter Richerson, Joan Roughgarden, Elliot Sober, David Van Dyken, Mattijs van Veelen and Edward O. Wilson for advice in preparing this paper. 1 Kimura 1970, B¨urger 2000, Provine 2001) to deal with such behavior. -
INTRODUCTION Is Nature Selfish?
INTRODUCTION Is Nature Selfish? This book is about whether selfishness and individuality, rather than kindness and cooperation, are basic to biological nature. Darwinism has come to be identified with selfishness and individuality. I criticize this evolutionary perspective by showing it misrepresents the facts of life as we now know them. I focus on social behavior related to sex, gender, and family where the reality of universal selfishness and sexual conflict is supposedly most evident. I show that writings in the professional bio- logical literature advocating a picture of universal selfishness, as well as similar writings in books and articles aimed at the general public, are mistaken. I present my laboratory’s alternative evolutionary theories for social behavior that emphasize cooperation and teamwork and that rely on the mathematics of cooperative games. 1 2 INTRODUCTION: IS NATURE SELFISH? In a previous book, Evolution’s Rainbow,1 I offered a survey of diver- sity in gender and sexuality focusing on animals, together with a brief mention of humans across cultures and history. As I was writing Evolu- tion’s Rainbow, I became increasingly critical of how this diversity is ig- nored in biology curricula worldwide and critical of the language and theories purporting to describe and explain this diversity. The theory to account for sexual behavior in evolutionary biology is called “sexual se- lection,” a topic that originates with Darwin’s writings in 1871.2 I con- cluded that Darwin’s sexual-selection theory was completely false and needed to be replaced by some new and equally expansive theoretical system. I termed the replacement theory social selection but did little more than sketch a few points that such a new theoretical system might contain. -
Holobionts As Units of Selection and a Model of Their Population Dynamics and Evolution
Biological Theory https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0287-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Holobionts as Units of Selection and a Model of Their Population Dynamics and Evolution Joan Roughgarden1,6 · Scott F. Gilbert2 · Eugene Rosenberg3 · Ilana Zilber‑Rosenberg4 · Elisabeth A. Lloyd5 Received: 15 January 2017 / Accepted: 5 September 2017 © Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research 2017 Abstract Holobionts, consisting of a host and diverse microbial symbionts, function as distinct biological entities anatomically, metabolically, immunologically, and developmentally. Symbionts can be transmitted from parent to offspring by a variety of vertical and horizontal methods. Holobionts can be considered levels of selection in evolution because they are well- defined interactors, replicators/reproducers, and manifestors of adaptation. An initial mathematical model is presented to help understand how holobionts evolve. The model offered combines the processes of horizontal symbiont transfer, within-host symbiont proliferation, vertical symbiont transmission, and holobiont selection. The model offers equations for the popula- tion dynamics and evolution of holobionts whose hologenomes differ in gene copy number, not in allelic or loci identity. The model may readily be extended to include variation among holobionts in the gene identities of both symbionts and host. Keywords Holobiont · Holobiont model · Hologenome · Level of selection · Microbiome · Microbiota · Symbiont Introduction also provides a model for the evolution of a holobiont that combines microbe and host population processes. This article discusses the concept of a holobiont—an ani- Following Lederberg and McCray (2001), a microbiome mal or plant host together with all the microbes living on or refers to an “ecological community of commensal, symbi- in it, exosymbionts and endosymbionts, respectively. -
Views Expressed Are Those of the Publication Date of the Issue
Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on capitalism Joyce Appleby, John C. Bogle, Lucian Bebchuk, Robert W. Fogel, & democracy Jerry Z. Muller, Richard Epstein, Benjamin M. Friedman, John Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Dunn, Robin Blackburn, and Gerhard Loewenberg Spring 2007 on the public interest William Galston, E. J. Dionne, Jr., Seyla Benhabib, Jagdish Bhagwati, Adam Wolfson, Lance Taylor, Gary Hart, Nathan Glazer, Robert N. Bellah, Nancy Rosenblum, Amy Gutmann, and Christine Todd Spring 2007: on sex Whitman comment Paul Ehrlich & Marcus W. Feldman The fallacy of genetic reductionism 5 on life Anthony Kenny, Thomas Laqueur, Shai Lavi, Lorraine Daston, Paul Rabinow, Robert P. George, Robert J. Richards, Nikolas Rose, John on Tim Birkhead Promiscuity 13 sex Broome, Jeff McMahan, and Adrian Woolfson Joan Roughgarden Challenging Darwin 23 Brian Charlesworth Why bother? The evolutionary function of sex 37 on nature Leo Marx, William Cronon, Cass Sunstein, Daniel Kevles, Bill McKibben, Harriet Ritvo, Gordon Orians, Camille Parmesan, Anne Fausto-Sterling Frameworks of desire 47 Margaret Schabas, and Philip Tetlock & Michael Oppenheimer Elizabeth Benedict On the Internet 58 Wendy Doniger In the Kamasutra 66 on cosmopolitanism Martha C. Nussbaum, Stanley Hoffmann, Margaret C. Jacob, A. A. Stanley Corngold Franz Kafka & sex 79 Long, Pheng Cheah, Darrin McMahon, Helena Rosenblatt, Samuel Terry Castle The lesbianism of Philip Larkin 88 Scheffler, Arjun Appadurai, Rogers Smith, Peter Brooks, and Craig Lawrence Cohen Homosexuality & hope in India 103 Calhoun annals Greil Marcus A trip to Hibbing High 116 plus poetry by Lawrence Dugan, Molly McQuade, Ted Richer, C. D. Wright &c.; ½ction by Chris Abani, Nadine Gordimer &c.; and poetry Charles Simic Darkened Chessboard & Secret History 125 notes by Keith T. -
Darwinism and the Meaning of Life
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers Center for the Study of Ethics in Society 6-2007 Darwinism and the Meaning of Life Arthur Falk Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/ethics_papers Part of the Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons, Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, and the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons WMU ScholarWorks Citation Falk, Arthur, "Darwinism and the Meaning of Life" (2007). Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers. 79. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/ethics_papers/79 This Complete Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for the Study of Ethics in Society at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact wmu- [email protected]. Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers published by the Center Vol. XVI No. 4 June 2007 Darwinism and the Meaning ofLife Arthur Falk Western Michigan University Professor Emeritus of Philosophy Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Founded 1985 Western Michigan University 3024 Moore Hall 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5328 The purpose of WMU's Center for the Study of Ethics is to encourage and support research, teaching, and service to the university and community in areas of applied and professional ethics. These areas include, but are not restricted to: business, education, engineering, government, health and human services, law, media, medicine, science and technology. -
The Recent Species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with Special Emphasis on Balanus Tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) Sensu Lato
THE RECENT SPECIES OF MEGABALANUS (CIRRIPEDIA: BALANOMORPHA) WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BALANUS TINTINNABULUM (LINNAEUS) SENSU LATO by DORA P. HENRY and PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN Henry, Dora P. & Patsy A. McLaughlin: The Recent species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis on Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) sensu lato. Zool. Verh. Leiden 235, 25-viii-1986: 1-69, figs. 1-14, appendix. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: Crustacea; Cirripedia; Balanomorpha; Megabalanus; key, species. Since Darwin's (1854) description of 11 varieties of Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) [as Balanus tintinnabulum], 26 Recent taxa have been assigned to the genus. In this review, two taxa confounded by Darwin are reestablished [i.e., M. crispatus (Schroter) and M. dorbignii (Chenu)]. M. antillensis (Pilsbry) and M. intermedius (Darwin) are placed in synonymy with M. tintin- nabulum sensu stricto. M. galapaganus (Pilsbry) is synonymized with M. peninsularis (Pilsbry) and M. xishaensis Xianqui & Liu is considered a synonym of M. occator. Diagnoses and an il- lustrated key to the species are presented. Lectotypes are designated for M. tintinnabulum, M. crispatus, M. dorbignii, M. coccopoma (Darwin), M. spinosus (Chenu), M. validus (Darwin), and M. ajax (Darwin). Dora P. Henry, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. Patsy A. McLaughlin, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, U.S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Historical Account 5 Taxonomic Account 9 Megabalaninae 9 Megabalanus 9 Key to the recent species of Megabalanus 10 M. tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) 17 M. azoricus (Pilsbry) 21 M. californicus (Pilsbry) 22 M. clippertonensis (Zullo) 23 M. coccopoma (Darwin) 25 M. -
1 Introduction
1 Sexual Selection Studies: 2 Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions 3 Final Report from a NESCent Catalyst Meeting 4 Durham NC, July 15{17, 2013 5 Revision 1.1, December 11, 2013 6 Joan Roughgarden, (Organizer), University of Hawaii, [email protected] 7 Elizabeth Adkins-Regan, Cornell University, [email protected] 8 Erol Akay, University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] 9 Suzanne Alonzo, Yale University, [email protected] 10 Nathan Bailey, University of St. Andrews, [email protected] 11 Jeremy Crawford, UC Berkeley, [email protected] 12 Sasha Dall, University of Exeter, [email protected] 13 Sumit Dhole,University of North Carolina, [email protected] 14 James Fearon, Stanford University, [email protected] 15 Courtney Fitzpatrick, NESCent, clynfi[email protected] 16 Raghavendra Gadagkar, Indian Institute of Science, [email protected] 17 Simon Griffith, Macquarie University, simon.griffi[email protected] 18 Shoshana Grossbard, San Diego State University, [email protected] 19 Camilla Hinde, Wageningen University, [email protected] 20 Thierry Hoquet, Universit Jean Moulin Lyon 3, [email protected] 21 Priya Iyer, Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research, [email protected] 22 Erika Milam, Princeton University, [email protected] 23 Cailin O'Connor, UC Irvine, [email protected] 24 Zofia Prokop, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, zofi[email protected] 25 Richard Prum, Yale University, [email protected] 26 Sarah Richardson, Harvard University, [email protected] 27 Mike Ritchie, University of St. Andrews, [email protected] 28 Kimberly Rosvall, Indiana University, [email protected] 29 Dustin Rubenstein, Columbia University, [email protected] 30 Rebecca Safran, University of Colorado, [email protected] 31 Gustavo Requena Santos, Yale University, [email protected] 32 Maria Servedio, University of North Carolina, [email protected] 33 Sharoni Shafir, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, shafi[email protected] 34 David Shuker, University of St.