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Views Expressed Are Those of the Publication Date of the Issue Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on capitalism Joyce Appleby, John C. Bogle, Lucian Bebchuk, Robert W. Fogel, & democracy Jerry Z. Muller, Richard Epstein, Benjamin M. Friedman, John Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Dunn, Robin Blackburn, and Gerhard Loewenberg Spring 2007 on the public interest William Galston, E. J. Dionne, Jr., Seyla Benhabib, Jagdish Bhagwati, Adam Wolfson, Lance Taylor, Gary Hart, Nathan Glazer, Robert N. Bellah, Nancy Rosenblum, Amy Gutmann, and Christine Todd Spring 2007: on sex Whitman comment Paul Ehrlich & Marcus W. Feldman The fallacy of genetic reductionism 5 on life Anthony Kenny, Thomas Laqueur, Shai Lavi, Lorraine Daston, Paul Rabinow, Robert P. George, Robert J. Richards, Nikolas Rose, John on Tim Birkhead Promiscuity 13 sex Broome, Jeff McMahan, and Adrian Woolfson Joan Roughgarden Challenging Darwin 23 Brian Charlesworth Why bother? The evolutionary function of sex 37 on nature Leo Marx, William Cronon, Cass Sunstein, Daniel Kevles, Bill McKibben, Harriet Ritvo, Gordon Orians, Camille Parmesan, Anne Fausto-Sterling Frameworks of desire 47 Margaret Schabas, and Philip Tetlock & Michael Oppenheimer Elizabeth Benedict On the Internet 58 Wendy Doniger In the Kamasutra 66 on cosmopolitanism Martha C. Nussbaum, Stanley Hoffmann, Margaret C. Jacob, A. A. Stanley Corngold Franz Kafka & sex 79 Long, Pheng Cheah, Darrin McMahon, Helena Rosenblatt, Samuel Terry Castle The lesbianism of Philip Larkin 88 Scheffler, Arjun Appadurai, Rogers Smith, Peter Brooks, and Craig Lawrence Cohen Homosexuality & hope in India 103 Calhoun annals Greil Marcus A trip to Hibbing High 116 plus poetry by Lawrence Dugan, Molly McQuade, Ted Richer, C. D. Wright &c.; ½ction by Chris Abani, Nadine Gordimer &c.; and poetry Charles Simic Darkened Chessboard & Secret History 125 notes by Keith T. Poole & Howard Rosenthal, Omer Bartov, Susan ½ction Peggy Newland Clowns 127 Goldin-Meadow, Harriet Ritvo, Phyllis Coley, Don Harrán, Victor Navasky &c. notes Samuel Weber on Walter Benjamin 138 William F. Baker on American television & its future 141 U.S. $13; www.amacad.org Inside front cover: A plate depicting the Month of Bh¯adon (August–September): the rainy sea- son, when people have to stay indoors a lot, and use the weather as an excuse for making love. See Wendy Doniger on Reading the “Kamasutra”: the strange & the familiar, pages 66–78: “It is not, as most people think, a book about the po- sitions in sexual intercourse. It is about the art of living–½nding a partner, maintaining power in a marriage, committing adultery, living as or with a courtesan, using drugs–and also about the positions in sexual intercourse.” Image cour- tesy of the State Museum, Lucknow, India. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Esther Y. Chen, Assistant Editor Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas at Austin); ex of½cio: Emilio Bizzi (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Chief Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (psychology, Harvard), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Amartya Sen (economics, Harvard), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Contributing Editors Robert S. Boynton, D. Graham Burnett, Peter Pesic, Danny Postel Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Design for the hedge maze is by Johan Vredeman de Vries, from Hortorum viridariorumque elegantes et multiplicis artis normam affabre delineatae (Cologne, 1615). Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Spring 2007 Subscription rates: Electronic only for non- Issued as Volume 136, Number 2 member individuals–$40; institutions–$92. Canadians add 6% gst. Print and electronic © 2007 by the American Academy for nonmember individuals–$44; institu- of Arts & Sciences tions–$102. Canadians add 6% gst. Outside What I learned about sex on the Internet the United States and Canada add $20 for © 2007 by Elizabeth Benedict postage and handling. Prices subject to change A trip to Hibbing High School without notice. © 2007 by Greil Marcus Darkened Chessboard and Secret History Institutional subscriptions are on a volume- © 2007 by Charles Simic year basis. All other subscriptions begin with Clowns the next available issue. © 2007 by Peggy Newland Single issues: current issues–$13; back issues Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, for individuals–$13; back issues for institu- 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. tions–$26. Outside the United States and Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. Canada add $5 per issue for postage and han- Email: [email protected]. dling. Prices subject to change without notice. Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 Newsstand distribution by Ingram Periodicals tn isbn Inc., 18 Ingram Blvd., La Vergne 37086. 0-87724-062-0 Phone: 800 627 6247. Dædalus publishes by invitation only and as- Claims for missing issues will be honored free sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- of charge if made within three months of the scripts. The views expressed are those of the publication date of the issue. Claims may be author of each article, and not necessarily of submitted to [email protected]. Mem- the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. bers of the American Academy please direct all Dædalus (issn 0011-5266; e-issn 1548-6192) questions and claims to [email protected]. is published quarterly (winter, spring, summer, mit ma Advertising and mailing-list inquiries may be fall) by The Press, Cambridge 02142, addressed to Marketing Department, mit for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, An electronic full-text version of Dædalus is ma mit Cambridge 02142. Phone: 617 253 2866. available from The Press. Subscription Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-info@ and address changes should be addressed to mit.edu. mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2889; Permission to photocopy articles for internal us/Canada 800 207 8354. Fax: 617 577 1545. or personal use is granted by the copyright Email: [email protected]. owner for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (ccc) Transactional Report- Printed in the United States of America by ing Service, provided that the per copy fee Cadmus Professional Communications, of $10 per article is paid directly to the ccc, Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut ma pa 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers 01923. The Street, Ephrata 17522. fee code for users of the Transactional Report- Postmaster: Send address changes to Dædalus, ing Service is 0011-5266/07. Address all other 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge ma inquiries to the Subsidiary Rights Manager, 02142. Periodicals postage paid at Boston ma mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, and at additional mailing of½ces. Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2864. Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-rights@ The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner mit.edu. Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda ca. Each size of Cycles has been sep arately designed in the tradition of metal types. Comment by Paul Ehrlich & Marcus W. Feldman Genes, environments & behaviors Our large brains are surely at the cen- public discourse–especially in the wide- ter of our humanity. But it is equally cer- spread notion that most behaviors con- tain that few organs are the subject of trolled by our marvelous brain are some- more misinformation in scienti½c and how programmed into it genetically. A typical treatment in the popular press is this overexcited claim by columnist Paul Ehrlich, a Fellow of the American Academy Nicholas Wade in the New York Times: since 1982, is Bing Professor of Population Stud- “When . [the human genome] . is ful- ies and president of the Center for Conservation ly translated, it will prove the ultimate Biology at Stanford University. He is the author thriller–the indisputable guide to the of numerous publications, including “The Pop- graces and horrors of human nature, the ulation Bomb” (1968), “The End of Affluence” creations and cruelties of the human (with Anne H. Ehrlich, 1974), “Human Na- mind, the unbearable light and darkness tures: Genes, Culture, and the Human Prospect” of being.”1 (2000), and “One with Nineveh: Politics, Con- Wade may get a pass for being a jour- sumption, and the Human Future” (with Anne nalist, but some scientists are equally H. Ehrlich, 2004). confused. Molecular biologist Dean Hamer wrote: “People are different be- Marcus W. Feldman, a Fellow of the American cause they have different genes that cre- Academy since 1987, is Burnet C.
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