Aigüestortes iEstanydeSantMaurici List ofspeciesreferredto Sierra deGuadarrama Monfragüe Islas Atlánticas deGalicia Sierra Nevada Cabañeros Archipiélago deCabrera Garajonay Timanfaya Tablas deDaimiel Doñana de TaburienteCaldera Ordesa yMontePerdido Picos deEuropa Introduction table of contents Mayo 2015 Design andlayout National Texts Photos Parks CENEAM DocumentationCentre Álvaro García Cocero -CENEAM CENEAM photolibrary 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 3

introduction 3 NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER T as well. Cumbres delaSierraGuadarrama willsoonbedeclaredone In ,thereare15national parksatpresent,althoughthe improvement inthequalityoflifetheirinhabitants. sustainable useoftheirresourceswhichisconsistentwith an development oftheregionswheretheyarelocated,enabling National parkscanbeadrivingforcebehindtheeconomic declared tobeofnationalinterestfortheSpanishState. whose conservationdeservesprioritytreatmentandisthereby ecological, aesthetic,cultural,educational,andscientific values or geomorphologicalformations,ithascertainoutstanding its ecosystems,ortheuniquenessofflora,,geology Due tothebeautyofitslandscapes,representativeness cultural valuewhichhasbeenlittlechangedbyhumanactivities. A nationalparkisaprotectedareawithhighecologicaland represented: Alpine, Atlantic, Macaronesian,andMediterranean. the Network,4of6biogeographicalregionsinEuropeare participation ininternationalnetworksandprogrammes.In the professionalsworkingtherein,andtheirintegration to sustainabledevelopment,trainingandqualificationof the exchangeofknowledgeandexperienceswithregard well aspromotesocialawarenessoftheneedforconservation, scientific knowledgeoftheirnaturalandculturalvalues,as enable theirusebythegeneralpublicandexpansionof Its aimistoensuretheconservationofnationalparksand necessary fortheiroperation. human resources,theinstitutions,andsystemofrelations national parks,theregulatoryframework,materialand examples ofSpanishnaturalheritage.Itismadeupthe the protectionandmanagementofaselectionforemost he National Parks Network is an integrated system for he NationalParksNetworkisanintegratedsystemfor contents contents 4 PICOS DE EUROPA ORDESA Y MONTE TEIDE CALDERA DE AIGÜESTORTES I ESTANY PERDIDO TABURIENTE DE SANT MAURICI national data Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Asturias, Cantabria, and Canary Islands Catalonia Castile-Leon Province Province Province Province sheet Area Huesca Santa Cruz de Santa Cruz de Tenerife Lleida 67,127 hectares Area (Tenerife Island) (La Palma) Area parks Establishment 15,608 hectares Area Area 14,119 hectares Law of 24 July 1918 Establishment 18,990 hectares 4,690 hectares Establishment Enlargement Royal Decree of 16 August 1918 Establishment Establishment Decree of 21 October 1955 Administrative Decision of Reclassification and enlargement Decree of 22 January 1954 Royal Decree of 6 October 1954 Reclassification 4 February 2015 Law 52/1982 of 13 July Reclassification Reclassification and enlargement Law 7/88 of 30 March network Law 5/1981 of 25 March Law 4/1981 of 25 March Enlargement Enlargement Decree 234/96 of 26 June of the Administrative Decision 14 October 1999 Government of Catalonia

DOÑANA TABLAS DE DAIMIEL TIMANFAYA GARAJONAY ARCHIPIÉLAGO MARÍTIMO TERRESTRE DE CABRERA Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Andalusia Castile-La Mancha Canary Islands Canary Islands Province Autonomous Community Province Province Province Balearic Islands Huelva and Ciudad Real Las Palmas Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Gomera) Area Area Area (Lanzarote Island) 10,021 hectares 54,252 hectares 3,030 hectares Area Area 3,948 hectares Establishment Establishment Establishment 5,107 hectares Law 14/91 of 29 April Decree 241/69 of 16 October Decree 1874/73 of 28 June Establishment Establishment Reclassification and enlargement Reclassification Decree 2615/74 of 9 August Law 3/81 of 25 March Law 91/1978 of 28 December Law 25/80 of 3 May Reclassification Administrative Decision of 6 February Enlargement Law 6/81 of 25 March 2004 Administrative Decision 21 January 2014

CABAÑEROS SIERRA NEVADA MARÍTIMO TERRESTRE MONFRAGÜE SIERRA DE ISLAS ATLÁNTICAS

Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Autonomous Community Castile-La Mancha Andalusia Extremadura Castile-Leon and Province Province Province Province Province Ciudad Real and Toledo and Almería Pontevedra and A Coruña Cáceres and Madrid Area Area Area Area Area 40,856 hectares 85,883 hectares 8,480 hectares 18,396 hectares 33,960 hectares Establishment Establishment Establishment Establishment Establishment Law 33/95 of 20 November Law 3/1999 of 11 January Law 15/2002 of 1 July Law 1/2007 of 2 March Law 7 of 25 June 2013 Enlargement Art. 121 of Law 53/2002 of 30 December Administrative Decision of 15 November 2005 [email protected] Tel: 985241412-273945 33004 - C/ Arquitecto Reguera, 13 Headquarters contents

picos de europa 6 itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM park website booking office I livestock activities. maintained thankstoman’s ongoingeffortsandhis moist forestsdividedbypermanentgrasslands,is This protectedareaofhighmountainssurrounding predominant coloursofitslandscape. why thegreenandgreyofbarelimestoneare Its proximitytotheCantabrianSeaisreason (EnolandErcina)arefound. different rivers(Deva,Duje,Cares,andDobra) karstic processesandglacialerosion,wheremany of theCantabrianMountains,withimportant or CorniónMassif.Locatedonthenorthernface where NaranjodeBulnesisfound,andthe Western Andara Massif,theCentralorUrrielles in Atlantic ,madeupoftheEasternor It isthelargest formationoflimestonemountains name of“PicosdeEuropa”. the continent.Lateron,thisevolvedtoitscurrent Europe)”, astheywerewhatfirstglimpsedof these mountainsthe“PeñasdeEuropa(Cragsof the seafarerswhosailedCantabrianSeacalled state networkestablishedin1918.Inoldentimes, Covadonga NationalPark—thefirstparkinthe and expandingontheformerMontañade t wasdeclaredanationalparkin1995,replacing threatened inSpain. wood grouse,a ground-livingforestbird,isalso it isnowconsideredanendangered . The dwindling overthepastfewdecades, whichiswhy mountains, butitsnumbershave beengradually bear isthelargest predator inhabitingthese grouse, thechamois,andwolf. The brown the speciespresentare:brownbear, thewood of ecosystems,isparticularinterest. Among Picos deEuropa,inkeepingwiththediversity The widevarietyofanimalspeciesfoundinthe fauna are currentlyunderstudy. been inventoriedandfungi,mosses,lichens In addition,morethan1700plantspecieshave activities. abundant inthisparkwithintensivelivestock mountain grasslandsarevegetationthatishighly speciesinthewoodedareas,although The Europeanbeechisthemostrepresentative flora conditions, suchasthespringgentian,arefound. herbaceous speciesthatareadaptedtoextreme and heathshrubs,inthehighmountains, mid-elevation areas,therearejuniper, broom, linden, ash,,sweetchestnut,etc;inthe forest composedofEuropeanbeech,, The mostoutstandingecosystemisthe Atlantic plant andanimalspecies. variety ofhabitatsandecosystemsteemingwith of thePicosdeEuropa,havegivenrisetoawide vegetation, andtheenormousaltitudinalgradient sufficient moistureforthedevelopmentoflush Its proximitytotheCantabrianSea,providing ecosystem impressive natural riches. there areothernooksaplenty brimmingwith Lakes ofCovadonga,andFuente Dé,although The mostvisitedplacedarethe Cares Trail, the found inthehighmountains. sought-after peaksbymountain climbersare options foralltypesofhikers.Somethemost kilometres ofsignpostedtrailsoffernumerous received onanannualbasis.Itsmorethan400 as shownbythemorethan1.7millionvisits Picos deEuropaattractsagreatmanyvisitors, from sunandrain. hórreo wasusedtoprotectthecartsandwagons dry placeawayfromrodents. The arcadeofthe have beencollectedthroughouttheyearinacool, are usedtostoreandkeepthefarmproductsthat them undertheprotectionofauthorities. They architecture inthePicosdeEuropa,withmanyof The hórreoisacharacteristicfeatureofpopular cheese standout. Ahumado de Aliva, Gamonedo,andCabrales varieties areproduced,amongwhichPicón, relevance inthearea.Morethantwentydifferent of thetraditionalfoodswithgreatesteconomic cows, sheep,goats,andhorses,withcheeseasone area’s livestockpopulationismainlycomposedof farming, whicharemainlyfamily-owned. The engaged insincetimeimmemorialislivestock One ofthetraditionalactivitiesthatmanhas aspects socioeconomic [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: 987740549 Posada Valdeón de Leon - Information Office [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: 942730555-942738109 39584 Tama Cillorigo de Liébana -Cantabria Avda. Luis Cuevas s/n Sotama Visitor Centre [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: 985849154–848614 33550 Cangas de Onís –Asturias Avda. de Covadonga, 43 DagoCasa Information Office (Contact: information See on Dago) Casa Lagos de Covadonga Buferrera-Lagos de Covadonga Area Service Pedro Pidal Visitor Centre enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, picos de PHOTO gallery europa 7

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Fax: +34974242725 Tel.: +34974243361 22004 HUESCA Pasaje Baleares, 3 Pº. de las Autonomías Headquarters contents

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NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM park website itineraries Spain fromaspelaeologicalstandpoint—abound. systems—considered oneofthemostimportantin Marboré, theGrotteCasteret,andEscuaíncave landscapes suchastheicecavesystemsof geological materialsofthenationalpark, Due tothelimestonepresentinmostof landscape ofthisnaturalarea. which onlyfurtheraccentuatethebeautyof plungingintothedepthsofvalleys, thawing season,itiscommontoseenumerous has itsownparticularmicroclimate.Duringthe high-elevation climate;nevertheless,eachofthem Ordesa yMontePerdidoNationalParkhavea respectively. The fourvalleysthatmakesupthe by the Arazas, Bellos, Yaga, andCincaRivers, Monte PerdidoMassif,whicharecarvedout Añisclo, Escuaín,andPineta—diverge fromthe The mainvalleysofthisnaturalarea—Ordesa, Cilindro, andSoumdeRamond. above: MontePerdido,thehighestat3,355metres, the threepeaksofLas Tres Sororestoweringhigh a resultofdifferentgeologicalconvulsions,with that arethehighestlimestonepeaksinEurope,as is madeupofagroupvalleysandmountains T he park,nestledwithinthecentralPyrenees, martens, andmarmots. such as red squirrels, ,wildboars, beech can stillbefound. Itisalsoeasytofindmammals Spain, withthis parkoneofthefewplaceswhere it The beardedvultureisanendangered speciesin area. chamois arethemostrepresentative speciesofthis vulture, thePyreneanbrooksalamander, andthe The beardedvulture,thegolden eagle,thegriffon fauna blossom amongtherockycrags. saxifrage, withitslongstemofwhiteflowers, and theeye-catchingPyreneanencrusted violet, theunmistakablelong-leavedbutterwort, Abundant communitiesofthebeautifulPyrenean in thepast,canbeseenonalpinemeadows. species asaresultofindiscriminategathering whitish flowerswhichiscurrentlyaprotected The edelweissorsnowflower, aplantwith most beautifulorchids,growsinthemoistareas. The lady’s slipperorchid,oneoftherarestand patchwork ofcolours. dark greensofthesilverfirs,creatingastunning the Europeanbeechescontrastsharplywith autumn, whentheochreandreddishhuesof This mixedforestisparticularlystrikingin beech andsilverfir, foundinthemoistestareas. spectacular forestisonemadeupofEuropean terrain andaverydiverseclimate. The most It hasarichandvariedfloraduetoitsrugged flora can befound. Portuguese oak,anduppermontanevegetation, Mediterranean forestswithholmoakand fir, Europeanbeech,andmountainpine, where Atlantic forestswithScotspine, , isdottedwithmagnificentlandscapes The terrain,shapedbyglaciationandwater ecosystem is takendownbysunrise. is possibletobivouacorcamp,aslongthetent dozen sheltersinsidetheparkanditsenvirons,it mind theweatherforecasts. Although therearea be usefultogetsomeinformationandbearin mountain guide.Giventheruggedterrain,itmight advisable toengagetheservicesofaprofessional of difficulty.is Trailsareself-guided,althoughit There aregoodhikingtrailswithvaryinglevels turismo outside. maintained socioeconomicrelationswiththose the inhabitantsofvalleysinsidepark addition, ithasalwaysbeenthemeansbywhich vice versapromoteandmaintainbiodiversity. In livestock fromthemountaintovalleyand a veryimportantrole,asthemovementsof inside thepark,withtranshumanceplaying Extensive livestockfarmingisthemainindustry socioeconómicos aspectos Access road to the Pineta Information Point:Pineta Tel: 974501043 Plaza Mayor s/n22350Bielsa. “Casa Larraga” Bielsa Office and Information Point PINETA VALLEY Calle Única s/n.22362Escuaín. Information Point: Escuaín Calle Iglesia La s/n.22364Tella. Tella Visitor Centre ESCUAÍN VALLEY Tel.: 974505131 Calle Mayor s/n.22363 Escalona. and Point Information Office Escalona AÑISCLO VALLEY Pradera de Ordesa “La Pradera” Information Point. Tel.: 974486472. Avda. Ordesa s/n22376.Torla. Torlaand Point. Information Office Torla Visitor Centre. enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, ordesa y perdido PHOTO gallery monte monte 9

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Tel.: 922371Fax: 922244788 Orotava38300 La Urbanización ElMayorazgo, C/ Doctor Sixto Perea González, 25 Headquarters contents

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NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM park website booking office itineraries T water. have beenshapedbytheerosiveforceofwindand Roques deGarcía—whimsicalrockformationsthat above-mentioned CalderadeLasCañadas,and is theresultofcountless,successiveeruptions, features ofthenationalparkare Teide Peak,which shapes andcolours. The mostremarkablelandscape with riversoflavacreatesamagnificentcollage monument whereinthevolcaniclandscapedotted This naturalspotisanextraordinarygeological sedimentary plainscalledcañadas(ravines). peak inSpainat3,718metres,loomsabovethese breathtaking Teide volcano,whichisthehighest locally knownastheCalderadeLasCañadas. The 45 kmincircumference,whichisalarge depression it sitsrightontopofanoldgiantcalderameasuring right attheheartofisland,andagreatportion Tenerife, intheCanarian Archipelago. Itislocated eide National park is found on the island of eide Nationalparkisfoundontheislandof all theecosystemsofthisarea. more than700species,which are foundinalmost endemic. The arethemostnumerous,with as manyofthespeciesinhabitingthisareaare another treasurefoundinthisprotectedarea, The fauna,particularlytheinvertebrates,are fauna many specimensareleft. thistle, anotherthreatenedspecies,ofwhichnot With someluck,youmaybeabletofindsilver , isoneofthemostabundantplantspecies. the bloomingseasonthroughitswhiteorpinkish The Teide broom,easilydistinguishableduring flowers. than threemetreswithitsstemsfullofreddish plants thatyoucanencounter, shootinguptomore The Teide buglossisoneofthemoststriking areas atmorethan2,800metresabovesealevel. occurring plantsinthewholeofSpain,colonising and delicateflowerisoneofthehighestnaturally- national parkwhicharethreatened. This fragile slopes, anditisamongthefloraeinhabiting violet. Itcanbefoundonthe Teide’s highest One ofthepark’s botanicaltreasuresisthe Teide flora units ofthenationalpark’s ecosystemarefound. areas arewherethemostrelevantbiological escarpments ofverticalwalls,andthesummit The areasatthebottomofcañadas, ecosystem and housemice. by man.Examplesofthesearerabbits,, them aresomeanimalsthathavebeenintroduced Canary skinks,and Tenerife . Together with only reptilespresentareGallot’s , West mammals, youcanfindfivelocalbatspecies. The ofparticularinterest. With regardto Berthelot’s pipit,thecanary, andtheBarbary vertebrates, withthe Tenerife bluechaffinch,the The birdsarethemostinterestinggroupof Altavista shelter. to goonfootthesummitor stayoveratthe to theverytopof Teide Peak,orrequestapermit idea togoupbycablecarLaRambleta,almost plain knownasLlanodeUcanca.Itisalsoagood different volcanicformationsuntilreachingthe popular. Usingthelatter, itispossibletosee Negras, orRoquesdeGarcíatrailsarethemost and difficultylevels. TheSieteCañadas, Arenas The parkhas37trailswithdifferentlengths tourism with repercussionsontheentireisland. receiving approximately3millionvisitorsperyear, has enormousimportanceasatouristdestination, the world.Butbeyondashadowofdoubt,it excellent honeyobtainedisrenownedallover has beendonewithinthenationalparkand the areaofLasCañadas.Forcenturiesnow, this to thepresentdayisproductionofhoneyin One ofthemosttraditionalpracticesthatcontinues aspects socioeconomic TF-38 roads), at the Park’s southern entrance Boca Tauce junction (at the fork in the TF-21 and Information Point “Juan Évora Ethnographic Museum” El Mayorazgo, Villa de C/ Doctor Sixto Perea, 25 “Telesforo Bravo” Visitor Centre Orotava38300 La -Santa Cruz de Tenerife Wing in the Parador de las Cañadas del Teide Carretera Orotava La -Granadilla, Km 46.400 “Cañada Blanca” Visitor Centre 38300 ElPortillo, Orotava La Santa Cruz de Tenerife Carretera Orotava La -Granadilla, Km 32.100 “El Portillo” Visitor Centre enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery teide 11

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: 922922280 38750 ElPaso Palma -La Ctra Gral. de Padron, 47 Headquarters contents

caldera de taburiente 12

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM park website booking office itineraries C increases thecatchmentofwater. as aneffectivebarrieragainsterosionandalso ecological valueofthisspeciesearlyon,asitacts due tothefactthattheirownersrealisedgreat conserved onesintheentirearchipelago. This is Island . These pine forestsarethebest- formations andthedensepineforestsofCanary the Calderade Taburiente are thevolcanicrock The landscapefeaturesthatbestcharacterise dissipate untilnightfalls. form, givingoffanauraofmysterythatdoesnot a seaofcloudsbringingabundantmoisturemay Throughout theday, duetotherisingofhotair, made upofdifferenttypesvolcanicrocks. height delineatethehorizonwitharockywall escarpments measuring600to1,000metresin point, issimplybreathtaking. At itstop,vertical The viewoftheCaldera,fromwhichevervantage converge attheexitofBarrancodelas Angustias. of ArroyoAlmendro Amargo, that Taburienteand most importantcatchmentbasins,thatof Arroyo of thisprotectedareaendup. The park’s two natural exit—wherenearlyallofthesurfacewaters Barranco delas Angustias—the Caldera’s only which opensouttotheseaonsouthwest,in horseshoe-shaped depressionofsteepwalls aldera de Taburiente NationalParkisalarge Palma lizardsand Tenerife geckos. Islands. The most interesting reptilesaretheLa Canary big-earedbatisendemic totheCanary canary, Berthelot’s pipit, andtheplainswift. The : thewhite-tailed laurelpigeon,the mentioning thebirdspeciesendemic to Among thevertebratefauna,itisworth fauna by theHabitatsDirective. and Echiumgentianoides—consideredapriority broom, theLaPalmaviolet, Teide burnet, found. ExamplesofthesearetheCanaryIsland endangered speciesatsometimeoranotherare plants andthatwereconsideredan interesting, asitisherewheremanyendemic The vegetationatthesummitisperhapsmost numerous treehouseleekslive. walls andvolcanicrockformations,where a richrupicolousflorathatgrowsonthesteep community. Inaddition,theCalderaishometo most widelydistributedandcharacteristicplant found here,withCanaryIslandpineasthe endemic totheCanarian Archipelago canbe protected area,almostalltypesofvegetation Due tothegreatchangesinelevationwithinthis flora the cavitiesofvolcanicrocks. rock formations,thehigh-elevationareas,and willow groves,thesteeprockwallsandvolcanic Island pine,thegullieswithrunningwaterand national parkarethepineforestsofCanary The mostrelevantecosystemsfoundinthe ecosystem camping area. of anofficialparkguide,departingfromthe in summer, itispossibletoengagetheservices are privatecompaniesthatdoso.Exceptionally services forthesuggestedroutes,althoughthere Caldera. Ingeneral,theparkdoesnotofferguide that affordsweepingpanoramicviewsofthe of Taburiente andaseriesoflookoutpoints immerse ourselvesinthedifferentlandscapes There isanetworkoftrailswhichenablesusto turismo on Tenerraand Taburiente. limited tosmallvegetablegardensandorchards national park’s restrictions. At present,cropsare disappeared duetoeconomicinviabilityandthe and thefewnon-irrigatedcropshavegradually hashadlittlerelevanceforthepark, aspects socioeconomic (Inside the Park, beside the camping area) Taburiente Centre Services Brecitos The pathfrom Lomo Los Caballosde Losto El Roque de Los Muchachos CumbrecitaLa RiachueloEl Information points: taburiente caldera de caldera enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 13

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER info@[email protected] Fax: 973696154 Tel.: 973696189 C/ de les Graieres, 225528Boí Simamet de Ca Boí Park Centre and Headquarters contents

aigüestortes i estany de sant maurici 14 park website booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM natural andculturalheritage. Its morethan40,000hacovers anareawitharich for greatpartoftheyear. unmistakable, althoughtheparkiscoveredinsnow behold. The differencebetweentheseasonsis elevations, makingitslandscapetrulyasightto internal forceswithextremeandpronouncedterrain have highplasticity, theyreacttothe earth’s , ,andslate. As thesematerials The mountainsinthisareaaremainlymadeof unforgettable beauty. bestowing thisnaturalareawithitsuniqueand or themorethan200lakesdottingitsterrainand It iseverywhere—assnow, inrivers,waterfalls, Water istheelementthatbestembodiesthispark. Maurici . most visiteddestinations—theEstanydeSant which risefromtheareasaroundoneofpark’s two imposingmountainsthatarenearlyidentical, mostly identified with the summits of Els Encantats, Comaloforno. Nevertheless,thenationalparkis peaks, suchasBesiberriNord,Sud,or landscape ofruggedterrainwithseveraltall Aigüestortes iEstanydeSantMauriciisa . the Vall deEspot,locatedinthecentralpartof from the Vall deBoíandtheSantMauricisector, in into twosectors:the Aigüestortes sector, accessible T he nationalpark’s territory isclearlydivided ecosystems. brown troutcanalsobefound intheseaquatic in thehighmountaintorrentsandlakes. The those inhabitingthepark. This amphibianlives most characteristicindigenousspeciesamong Pyrenean brooksalamander. The latteristhe value suchasthePyreneandesmanand Pyrenean, withsomespeciesofgreatecological The faunaof Aigüestortes is unmistakably fauna mossy saxifrage. and cranniesbetweentherocks,suchas plants thatputdowntheirrootsinsmallnooks of mention. At greaterheights,therearesome buttercup, andthemosscampionareworthy . The Alpine gentian,thePyrenean find numerousspeciesof Alpineflorainthe areas andjuniperinthesunnyareas,youcan of alpenroseandbilberryintheshadiest Aside fromshrubbyunderbrushmadeup of theterrainandanextremelyvariedclimate. Its floraisverydiverse,giventheruggedness flora the summits. with Alpine gentian,arefoundintheareasnear mountain spinyfescueandmatgrass,interspersed fir. AlpinegrasslandsthataboundwithPyrenean , andforestsofmountainpinesilver steadily climbaredeciduousforests,Scotspine The mostrelevanthabitatstobefoundasyou ecosystem booked inadvance. number ofsheltersavailable, butwhicharebest explore thepark.Inaddition, thereisagood network oftrailsthatcanbe used tofreely generally acceptedandthere isanextensive Trekking andhikingareactivitiesthat numerous animalsintheirnatural . and—with alittleluckwhilewalkingsilently— or not,itispossibletoseemanyplantspecies Regardless ofwhetheryoureachthesummit its grasslands,andcirclingaroundlakes. its trailsonfoot,enteringforests,crossing The bestwaytoexploretheparkisbyhiking tourism declared a World Heritage Sitein2000. of Romanesquechurchesthe Vall deBoí, examples ofRomanesqueartsuchasthegroup into anextraordinarylandscape,withgreat and culturalheritagethatiswellintegrated to successfullypreservearichhistorical the park’s areaofinfluencehavebeenable grazing isnotallowed. The townswithin ecosystems, exceptincertainareaswhere beneficial fortheconservationofpark’s Livestock farminghasalwaysbeenconsidered aspects socioeconomic grouse andthePyreneanrockptarmigan. species fromtheIce Age suchasthewood black , thewallcreeper, andrelict vulture, thegoldeneagle,borealowl, speciesthatcanbefoundarethebearded among themostrepresentativemammals. The as curiousbatssuchthewhiskeredbat,are The Pyreneanchamoisandthestoat,aswell 4.Prat de Pierró (Sant Maurici sector) 3.Estany de Sant Maurici (Sant Maurici sector) 2.Palanca de la Molina (Aigüestortes sector) 1.Planell de Aigüestortes iToirigo (Aigüestortes sector) Information Booths Fax: 973698229 Tel.: 973698232 25553 Senet (Alta Ribagorça) Carrer del Port, 10 Serradora La Information CentreSenet Fax: 973621803 Tel.: 973621798 25567 Llessui (Pallars Sobirà) Escoles de Llessui, s/n Shepherds of the Vall d’Àssua Ecomuseum Information Centre Llessui Tel./fax: 973624036 25597 Espot C/ de Sant Maurici, 5 Espot Park Centre aigüestortes i sant maurici enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, estany de PHOTO gallery 15

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Tel. 959439627– 626 21760 Matalascañas (Huelva) Matalascañas, Km. 37.8. Ctra. A-483 Bollullos del Condado- “El Acebuche” Headquarters, contents

doñana 16 park website itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM until today’s shortenedversionwascoined. or CotodeDoña Ana (Doña Ana GameReserve), known asBosquedeDoña Ana (Doña Ana Forest) park. The surroundinglandssooncame tobe Mendoza ySilva,rightattheheartofcurrent Medina-Sidonia forhiswife,Doña Ana Gómezde construction ofapalacebytheseventhDuke Its namedatesbacktothe16thcentury, withthe Guadalquivir River. Rocina, the Arroyo deCañadaMayor, andthe rainwater andtheinputfrom Arroyo delaLa year, themarshlandremainsflooded,thanksto as awildlifepreserve.Foratleastsixmonths total area,andthisisthereasonforitsimportance The marshsystemrepresents50%ofthepark’s sediment inputs. gradually filledupwithbothmarineandriver River which,withthepassingoftime,was It restsontheancientestuaryofGuadalquivir transit, andbreedinggrounds. migratory birdsthatusethisareaaswintering, between theEuropeanand African continentsfor important wetlandreservesinEurope.Itisabridge D oñana NationalParkisoneofthemost upon. which theSpanishimperialeagle alsopreys preferred habitatofitsfavourite prey, therabbit, now. Itsusualspotistheshrubland,asthis the been conductedinthisareaformanydecades ,thankstothestudiesthathave The Iberianlynxisthebest-knownfelineon fauna abounds. predominates, andmontenegro,whereheath locally knownasmonteblanco,whererockrose is madeupoftwomaintypesvegetation, spiny thriftarefound. The shrublandorcotos more scarce,theEuropeanmarramgrassand On themovingdunes,wherevegetationismuch deeper andlesssalineareas. broadleaf cattailandthecommonreedlivein the primarysustenanceformanybirds. The bayonet grassandbulrush,whichprovide on themarshland,withapredominanceof found init.Inspring,thereisdensevegetation different aquaticandterrestrialecosystems species ofvascularplantsandferns,giventhe Its floraisverydiverse,withmorethan900 flora between themarshlandandbeach. and theheath,whichistransitionarea sand dunescoveredwithvegetation,thebeach, marshland, thedunes,cotosorstabilised The mostimportantecosystemsarethe ecosystem white sand. this nationalparkmakeasharp contrastwiththe huts currentlyinhabitedbythefewdwellersof remains ofbunkersbuiltin World War II,and Barrameda (Cádiz). The Torre Carbonero,the between Matalascañas(Huelva)andSanlúcarde There aremorethan30km.ofvirgin beaches or onhorseback,rivertours,etc. companies offeringexcursionsbymotorvehicle in thepark.Inaddition,therearecountless There areseveralself-guidedtrailsavailable tourism considered compatiblewithconservation. collection, andextensivelivestockfarmingare coquina clamgathering,apiculture,pinecone with resourceoptimisation. At present,coaling, a keyroleinwaysoflifecloselyinterlinked materials areeverydayactivitiesthathaveplayed Fishing, hunting,andthecollectionofraw aspects socioeconomic and egrets,Eurasianspoonbills,whitestorks. valuable, astheyservenestingsitesforherons known asaviaries—areenvironmentally In theareacalled“La Vera”, corkoaks—widely flamingos, ducks,andotheraquaticbirds. splash ofcolourwiththeflocks American number ofbirds,andinwinter, itisabeautiful In spring,themarshlandteemswithalarge 41849 Aznalcázar (Seville) Town hall. Avda. Juan Carlos I,29. Information point. 21740 Hinojos (Huelva) “Centenales” Ctra. Hinojos-Almonte. 11540 Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) “Fábrica de Hielo”, Bajo de Guía s/n. 41849 Aznalcázar (Seville) “José Antonio Valverde”, 21750 ElRocío (Huelva) Condado-Matalascañas, Km 25.8. “El Acebrón”, Ctra. A-483 Bollullos del 21750 ElRocío (Huelva) Matalascañas, Km 25.8. Ctra. A-483 Bollullos del Condado- “La Rocina” enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO doñana gallery 17

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Tel.: 926851097 13250 Daimiel (Ciudad Real) Apartado de correos 3. Headquarters contents

tablas de daimiel 18 booking office NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM park website itineraries of drought. This situationisfurtheraggravatedduringperiods resource tosustainlifeinthenationalpark—water. proliferation ofthelatterisdrainingupvital vineyards, olivegroves,andirrigatedcrops. The with amainlyagriculturallandscapemadeupof has beensubjectedtointensehumanactivity, oak pasturelandandthesouthernsector, which Tablas: thenorthernsectorcharacterised byaholm There aretwowelldifferentiatedsectorsaround . grounds, creatinganintegralreserveforaquatic that usetheseareasaswinteringandnesting Its greatestecologicalvalueliesinthebirdspecies tables. gave risetoextensivefloodedareascalledwater springs popularlyknownas“ojos”ur“ojillos”, surface, whichatmanypointsturnedintonatural together withaphreaticlayerveryclosetothe gradient ontheterrain. The flatnessoftheterrain, courses, facilitatedbythepaucityofaslope Guadiana andGigüelaRiversintheirmiddle result oftheconfluenceoverflowfrom floodplain wetlands,whichwasformedasa surviving exampleofanecosystemcalled T ablas deDaimielNationalParkisthelast Isla del Pan asthemost representative. form smallforests, withthetamariskforeston quite characteristic ofsalinesoils,whichtend to endemic species;andthetamarisk thickets— saltwort; thesea-lavendermeadows withseveral or thebulrush; ofMediterranean of speciesrushessuchasthe commonrush saline ,andwhichcontain awidevariety bulrush meadowswhichflourishonmoistand areas. To these,otherformationscanbeadded: swamp sawgrassbedsarefoundinthedeepest the wetlandareofparticularinterest.Incontrast, which inhabitswampyareasandtheedgesof beds, cattailandclumpsofbayonetgrass to emergent andmarginal vegetation,thereed main dietofmanyaquaticbirds. With regard being thebranchedalgaeformations—the live attheverybottom,withmostabundant Aquatic vegetationincludesdifferentspeciesthat different vegetationhasgrownineachriverarea. flowing freshwater—arethereasonswhyvastly water andtheGuadianawithitspermanently Gigüela withitsseasonallyflowingbrackish The contrastingnaturesofthetworivers—the topography, andsubsoilmoisturecontent. factors suchas:seasonalityofwaters,salinity, associations thatchangedependingonmany The vegetationappearsasapatchworkofplant flora fluvial andaeolianorigin. gypsum); anduniquedepositslandformsof and gypsumoutcrops(landwithrichdepositsof temporary flooding;halophilicponds,saltpans, bulrush beds,andwatertablegrasslandswith here are:freshwaterponds,reedbeds,cattailand The naturalsystemsthatarebestrepresented ecosystem tourism aspects socioeconomic through it,bymeans ofwoodenwalkways. either circlearoundtheprotected areaortakeus Permanente, andthe Torre dePrado Ancho. They to visit Tablas: theIsladelPan,Laguna There areonlythreewalkingitineraries available was usedforthehouses’ roofs. were madeusingcattail,andthecommonreed (small wovenbaskets)andesteras(wovenmats) sawgrass wasusedasfuelfortheboilers,serijos among themostimportantactivities.Swamp with fishingusingfykenets,andcreels advantage oftherichresourcesavailablehere, Since timeimmemorial,manhastaken refuge for survival in the park. refuge forsurvivalinthepark. endangered species—havefoundtheperfect many ofwhichareendemic,vulnerable,or out. Amphibians, ,fishes,andarthropods— Among themammals,commonotterstands types ofaquaticbirds. common crane,thewhitestork,andmanyother common coot,theblack-crownednightheron, pochard, themallard,heron,egret, it ispossibletofindspeciessuchasthered-crested Depending ontheseasonwhenyouvisitpark, number ofspecimens,butalsoduetotheirvariety. significant familyofbirds,notonlyforthelarge more than250species. Anatids comprisethemost reaching 40,000forsomeyears,correspondingto ground foraquaticbirds,withthenumberofthem This reserveisahighlyimportantwintering fauna Tel.: 926693118 Camino de Molemocho Km. 11 Molino de Molemocho Visitor Centre enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, tablas de PHOTO daimiel gallery 19

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Fax: 928840251 Tel.: 928118035-49 35560 Tinajo -Lanzarote Mareta,C/ La 9 Headquarters contents

timanfaya 20 park website booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM day dependingontheintensity ofthelight. colours thatcontinuouslychange throughoutthe and desolaterockylandscape withaninfinityof all togethercreatinganextraordinarily harsh vegetation andfaunaarepracticallynon-existent, solidified lava,volcanicbombs,andasheswhere way forplantlifetoappear. You canfindcraters, dating backtothetimebeforeerosionpaved the originalappearanceofCanaryIslands volcanic processesissuchthattheystillmaintain conservation ofthegeographyoriginatingfrom In manyplacesin Timanfaya, thedegreeof of theisland. dramatically changingthefaceofcentralpart than 20,000haofterraininlava,sand,andlapilli, eruptions fromthe18thcenturycoveredmore duration andtheamountofproductsreleased. The relatively recenttimesintermsofboththeir are amongthemostimportantinworld The eruptionsthathaveoccurredonLanzarote landscape inmanypartsofthepark. filled in,therebygivingrisetoagentlyrolling and theunevennessofterrainweregradually other craters.Inthisway, manyofthedepressions the accumulationofsolidifiedlavaandlapillifrom with inclinedslopesthathavefusedtogether measuring approximately400metresinheight, flat. Thehighestpointsareagroupofvolcanoes The topographyofthenationalparkisrelatively the CanaryIslands. volcanism thathasrecentlybeenexperiencedin T imanfaya NationalParkisthebestexampleof omnivorous, withapreferenceforcarrion. whereas itmigratesinsummeronthePeninsula.Itis the adults.ItissedentaryinCanaryIslands, characterised bytheblackandwhiteplumageof Egyptian vultureorpharaoh’s chicken,whichis national park,themostrepresentativeofallis Among thegroupofbirdsthatnestwithin as themostabundantvertebrate. In thispark,faunaisscarce,withthe Atlantic fauna angustifolia. as thespinygorse,verode,orForsskaolea terrain forthearrivalofotherplantspeciessuch periods ofdrought.Inaddition,theypreparethe wet periodsandenteradormantstageduring sunlight exposure,astheyeasilythriveduring conditions ofextremedroughtandcontinuous ones thatarebestpreparedtosurviveunder inhabiting thisprotectedarea. They arethe approximately twohundredspeciesoflichens throughout theentirenationalpark,with and mostwidespreadexamplesofplantlife fields in Timanfaya. Theyarenowtheforemost Lichens werethefirstcolonisersoflava flora lavas solidificadasomalpaísesyzonacostera. rocas volcánicasolapilli,llanurascubiertasde Zonas decráteres,vallescubiertospequeñas ecosystem by hotelsandtravelagencies. many guidedtourstotheparkwhichareorganised as themeetingplace.Havingsaidthat,thereare website, withtheManchaBlanca Visitor Centre Excursions mustbebookedinadvancethroughthe riding adromedary. de losCamellos,youcantakeashorttourwhile and theRutadelLitoral(9km).OnEchadero Volcanes (12km),theRutade Tremesana (3km), The threeitinerariesavailableare:theRutadelos visited parkintheentireNationalParksNetwork. Timanfaya NationalParkisthesecondmost turismo that protectthemfromthestronggustsofwind. are surroundedbyvolcanicrockwallsorzocos geographical areaofthenationalpark,andthey cultivated onprivatepropertyfoundwithinthe and guava,arealsoimportant. These cropsare crops andfruitcrops,suchasfig,mulberry, shellfishing remainthemainstays. Agricultural Traditional activitiessuchasfishingand socioeconómicos aspectos Echadero de los Camellos -Yaiza Ctra. Santa-Yaiza LZ-67La Km. 16.1 point Museum-information “Echadero Camellos” los de [email protected] Fax: 928838235 Tel.: 928118042 35560 -Mancha Blanca - Tinajo -Lanzarote Carretera Santa LZ-67La -Yaiza km 9.6 Visitor Centre. timanfaya enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 21

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER png [email protected] Fax: 922872833 Tel.: 922922600 38800 San Sebastián Gomera de La Edificio “Las Creces”Local - 1- Portal 3 C/Ruíz de Padrón yAvda. 5ºCentenario Headquarters contents

garajonay 22 photo library CENEAM booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER park website included intheUNESCO’s World Heritagelist. Due toitsincalculablenaturalvalue,ithasbeen awe-inspiring sightsinGarajonay. that wereontheisland. They areoneofthemost the remainsofsolidifiedmagmafromvolcanoes of rockthattoweroverthelandscape—whichare view oftheroquesorfortalezas—enormousridges But themostimpressivefeatureofGarajonayis an extensivenetworkofravinesthatreachthesea. water, givingrisetobreathtakingescarpmentsand erosion inwhichthemainerosiveagenthasbeen orography haslargely beendefinedbyconstant volcanic eruptionsoflate.Forthisreason,its Archipelago whichhasnotexperiencedany La GomeraistheonlyislandinCanarian in theisland’s lowlands. makes asharpcontrasttothemorearidlandscapes mist forgreatpartoftheyear, itslushfoliage the Tertiary Period.Giventhatitisshroudedin examples ofrelictlaurisilvaorlaurelforestsfrom vegetation, whichisoneofthefinestsurviving It ishometoauniqueanddenseevergreen as welltheheadwaterareasofseveralravines. the islandandoccupiesentirecentralmeseta, It encompassesmorethan10%ofthetotalarea Canarian Archipelago, ontheIslandofLaGomera. G arajonay NationalParkisfoundinthe Garajonay is not the most suitable place for Garajonay isnotthemost suitableplace for their endemicity (exclusivity). Although in Garajonayare particularlykeenonmaintaining there areonlyafewbirdspecies, thosethatlive laurel pigeonareofparticular interest. While white-tailed laurelpigeonand the dark-tailed birds, reptiles,andbats. Among thebirds, the were abletogettherebytheir own means,mainly that inhabitthelaurisilvaforests arethosethat As aresultofbeinganisland,thelocalvertebrates fauna among others. bugloss, CanaryIslandelder, orCanaryspurge, to preventtheextinctionofspeciessuchasblue why arecoveryprogrammehasbeendeveloped considered threatenedinGarajonay, whichis damaged byhumans. There are21plantspecies as wellinplaceswherethelaurisilvahasbeen found atthesummitsandonsouthernface, populated areas.Firetreeandheathforestsare to themoisturecontentanddirectionof can befound,whicharedistributedaccording different typesofforestsandplantcommunities of thepark’s territory. At theveryheartofit, Awe-inspiring laurisilvaforestscovermost flora and treeheathforests. differentiated formations:summitheathforests heath;andtheheathforests,withtwowell which twospeciesdominate—thefiretreeandthe tree andheathforest,anarborealassociationin evergreen treespeciesakintolaurel;thefire are thelaurisilva,aplantformationwithdifferent The mostrelevantecosystemsofthenationalpark ecosystem Gomera. more than150areexclusivetothemountainsofLa more thanHay1,000cataloguedspecies,ofwhich represented bytheinvertebratesinPark. There are a shadowofdoubt,theanimalkingdomisbest four batspeciesallliveinGarajonay. But,without man, suchasrats,cats,andrabbits,theisland’s abundant mammalsarethosethatwereintroducedby All ofthemareendemictotheisland. The most clear skies,lizards,skinks,andgeckoscanbefound. reptiles duetoitsperpetualmist,insomeareaswith close collaboration andcooperation. with allthestakeholders inaparticipativeway andin work onthedevelopment ofanislandtourism model European CharterforSustainable Tourism, inorderto the parkhasimplemented Action Planforthe and enjoytheirawe-inspiringbeauty. Inaddition, visitors toimmersethemselves inthepark’s forests network of18trailswhichmakes itpossiblefor recreational areas.Likewise,ithasanextensive network oflookoutpoints,aswellseveral Parks Network—aninformationcentre,anextensive centre—one ofthemostvisitedonesinNational organise andenjoytheirvisit. The park hasavisitor and servicesthatenablethevisitorstoproperly The parkhastheessentialinfrastructureofequipment tourism the remainsofawatermill. stove pits,waterbarriersandirrigationcanals,even the pre-Hispanicsettlers,oldshepherds’ huts,charcoal used inthepastareremainsofsacrificialaltarsbuiltby conservation. Someexamplesofmaterialstraditionally in thepast,forestiscurrentlyanexcellentdegreeof for theireconomy. Nevertheless, despiteman’s activities to themountains,astheyobtainedvitalresourcesfromit The localpopulationhashistoricallybeencloselylinked aspects socioeconomic Santa Tenerife Cruz De 38840 Vallehermoso Gomera La Grande InformationLaguna Centre [email protected] Fax: 922801229 Tel.: 922800993-1229 Santa Tenerife Cruz De 38830 Gomera -La Palmita,La s/n Juego de Bolas Visitor Centre garajonay enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 23

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Fax: 971176617 Tel.: 971177641-971176613 07009 Palma Rossinyol Son Polígon de Gremi Corredors 10 Natura de Espais Balear Headquarters contents

marine-terrestrial cabrera archipelago 24 park website itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM seafarers thatsailedtheMediterraneansea. shelter totheisland’s settlersandmanyofthe history ofthe Archipelago. Ithasalwaysprovided that hasunmistakablyplayedakeyroleinthe The portofCabreraisanexcellentnaturalrefuge island catchsightofwhentheyarrivetotheport. landscape. Itisthefirstthingthatvisitorsto defence againstpirates,perfectlyblendsintothe Cabrera ,builtinthe14thcenturyasa Gimnesia. than 8,000Km²,calledtheGranBalearor Cabrera, waspartofahugeislandmeasuringmore of Mallorca. The latter, togetherwithMinorcaand present wereconnectedtothesouthernmostpoint exist. The landsthatconstitutethenationalparkat 40,000 yearsago,theCabrera Archipelago didnot past, islikewiseofparticularinterest. large numberofrabbitsthatpopulateditinthe Illa delsConills,whichtakesitsnamefromthe point—the PuigdeNaPicamosques—isfound. to itsgreatsize.ItisalsowherethePark’s highest the islandofCabreragranisworthynotedue made upof18islandsandislets,amongwhich and itsmarineenvironment. The archipelagois T his nationalparkincludesCabrera Archipelago bottlenose dolphins, andlong-finnedpilotwhales. can finddusky groupers,Mediterraneanmorays, mammals arethemostsignificant species. You amazing , wherefishes andmarine that youcanfindhere. Theseabedishometo The loggerheadturtleisoneof themarinereptiles are foundoneachislandorislet. phenomena, asgeneticallydifferentpopulations interesting speciesforthestudyofevolutionary Among thereptiles,Lilford’s walllizardavery out amongthefaunaonCabrera. European stormpetrel,and Audouin’s gullstand The large seabirdcoloniesofBalearicshearwater, fauna wort. Balearic buckthornandtheSt.John’s Some ofthemostinterestingspeciesare exclusively foundonCabreradeservesamention. are endemictotheBalearicIslandsandmadder and 162speciesofmarinealgae. Twenty ofthem plants, 22speciesofmosses,21lichens, The floraiscomposedof516speciesvascular flora numerous habitatsformarinefloraandfauna. beds, rockycliffsandcavesthatprovide extremely varied:hugeexpansesofsand,stony at greatdepthspossible. The seabedis development ofimportantmarinecommunities The park’s crystal-clearwatershavemadethe or ,therockycrags,andseabed. national parkaretheMediterraneanmaquis The mostimportantecosystemsofthe ecosystem Ses Sitges. Blava, SerradeSesFigueres, Picamosques,and Celler, Farode n’Ensiola,LaMiranda,SaCova s’Espalmador, MonumentoalosFrancesesy island ofCabrera:SubidaalCastillo,Playade is awiderangeofitinerariesavailableonthe environmental educationfreeofcharge. There offers interpretationservicesandsupportfor park allowsgroupvisitsforupto60people,and a permitissuedbytheparkadministration. The using yourownvessel,itisnecessarytohave book inadvance.Ifyouwishtovisitthepark and PortoPetro,althoughitisadvisableto depart fromtheportsofColòniadeSantJordi necessary, bysimplygettingontheboatsthat The parkmaybevisited,withnopaperwork tourism basis—the onlyextractiveactivityallowed. traditional artisanalfishingonaprofessional establishes aseriesofmandatoryrulesfor Archipelago Marine-Terrestrial NationalPark Master Plan(PRUG)fortheCabrera fishing techniques. TheUse and Management Archipelago, promptedbytheadvancesin of thedevelopmentfishingportsnear half ofthiscenturyasaconsequence,inpart, Cabrera roseconsiderablyduringthefirst Professional fishingactivityinthewatersof aspects socioeconomic Tel.: 630982 363 Information Office at the port Tel.: 971656282 07638 Colònia de Sant Jordi. cantó Dolç. des plaça C/ de Gabriel Roca, s/n, SalinesSes Visitor Centre archipiélago de cabrera enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 25

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Tel.: 926783297- 3456 Ciudad Real 13194 Pueblo Nuevo del Bullaque Ctra. Torrijos De s/n Headquarters contents

cabañeros 26 itineraries park website photo library CENEAM NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER booking office the rocksthatrevealagreatmanysecrets. Boquerón delEstena,wheretheriverrunsamong places wherethesespecimensaremorevisibleis inhabitants from450millionyearsago.Oneofthe to itsmarineorigins,withfossilsfromthesea’s The park’s geologyisextremelystriking,due great harnessandantiquity. composed ofquartzite,whichisanacidrock The park’s terrainisquiteruggedandmainly or Northerntendency. moisture levelsaremoreconducivetoan Atlantic within itofcertainplaceswhereinthehigher the parkandperhapslittleknown,isexistence most representative. Another remarkableaspectof its mazeoftreesandshrubswhichisactuallythe landscape, itistheMediterraneanmountainwith But althoughtherañaismostwell-known provided alarge numberofanimalswithfood. or grasslandswithrichseasonalpasturesthat Its landscapeismadeupofextensiverañas settlers ofMontesde Toledo. from thesurroundingsandtheywereusedby These conicalhutswereroofedusingvegetation temporary shelterfromtheirworkinthefields. used byshepherdsandcharcoalburnersas The parktakesitsnamefromthehutstraditionally Peninsula. best examplesoftheMediterraneanforeston T his areaisoneofthemostextensiveand red deers,wild boars,androedeers. larks. Itisalso hometomanylarge mammals: steppe birdssuchaslittlebustards andthekla vultures andSpanishimperial eagles,and living here:large birdsofprey, suchasblack species. There are closeto200birdspecies endemic speciesaswellmany threatened This park’s faunaisextremelyrich,with fauna , andashes,iscommonlyfound. with riparianvegetationmadeupofwillows, and deepwaters,theyellowwater-lily, together In thesectionsofBullaqueRiverwithcalm such asthecross-leavedheathandsundew. In thepeatbogs,youcanfindremarkableplants common yew, orsilverbirch. areas, itispossibletofindcommonholly, covering theslopesandmountains.Inshady strawberry treesarefoundontheshrubland and thepresenceofwater. Rockrose,heath,and dominates, dependingonthedirection,, mixed forestwhereinoneoranotherspecies , andrebollooakstogethermakeupa Holm ,corkPortuguese flora bogs ortrampales. areas withashallowincline,cometoformpeat with riparianforestsflowdownhill,whichin mountain. Fromthehighlands,watercourses vegetation characteristicoftheMediterranean flanked bymountainrangescoveredwith a nearlyflatareaofmorethan7,000hectares, extensive territory. The rañastandsout,with Mediterranean forest,andalsowiththemost This isoneofthebestexamples ecosystem Cabañeros NationalParkstands for. activities, whichperfectlysuit thevaluesthat of culinaryofferings,accommodation, and The surroundingtownsofferawiderange Palillos Visitor Centre,arealsopossible. activities, aswellexhibitionsheldattheCasa los Moros,ColadadeNavalrincón,etc.Student Boquerón delEstenayGargantilla, Plazade Castellar delosBueyes,FuentedelCaño, del Bullaque;othersareonfoot:Sierrade Montes, HorcajodelosandRetuerta tours, withdeparturesfrom Alcoba delos different excursions,includingsomeoff-road Sustainable Tourism. Itispossibletakemany This areaabidesbytheEuropeanCharterfor tourism appreciated fortheirexcellentquality. honey andcheeseproducedherearehighly cork extractionarethenormalactivities. The At present,livestockfarming,apiculture,and carried outinthesurroundingsofCabañeros. charcoal productionwerethemainactivities Sheep farming,non-irrigatedagriculture,and aspects socioeconomic Tel.: 66987 3522 13194 Navas de Estena -Ciudad Real Avda. Montes de Toledo, 32 Information Office Tel.: 926770216 13116 Alcoba de los Montes -Ciudad Real Ctra. Horcajo De s/n Ethnographic Museum-Information 13110 Horcajo de los Montes -Ciudad Real C/ Real s/n Ethnographic Museum-Information 13194 Retuerta del Bullaque -Ciudad Real Ctra. Navas De de Estena, 5 Zoorama-Fauna Museum 13194 Pueblo Nuevo del Bullaque -Ciudad Real Ctra. Torrijos De s/n Torre de Abrahán Recreational Area 13194 Pueblo Nuevo del Bullaque -Ciudad Real Ctra. Santa Quiteria “Casa Palillos” Visitor Centre cabañeros enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 27

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Tel.: 958026300 18191 Pinos Genil -Granada Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7 Headquarters contents

sierra nevada 28 photo library CENEAM park website NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER itineraries present. River orcirqueglacierswherelakesarenow valleys, suchastheheadwatersofLanjarón erosive forceoficeremaininsomeU-shaped glaciations. At present,signsofthe the spectacularevidenceleftbymostrecent continent whereitispossibletoobserveandstudy What’s more,itisthesouthernmostpointof from therestofmountainrangesinEurope. particular appeal,astheyarecompletelydifferent many ofitslandscapes,whichhavetheirown It isremarkablefortheawe-inspiringbeautyof formations anditsdiversemineralogicalrichness. standpoint, duetothecomplexityofitsrock It isextraordinarilyinterestingfromageological the Mulhacénrisingto3,479metres. having thehighestpeakonIberianPeninsula— mountain massifwithacompactterrain,andfor makes animpressionforbeingextensive T his area,locatedwithinthePenibaeticSystem, characteristic speciesofthenationalpark. commonly foundinthehighsummits,ismost of SierraNevada. The Spanishibex,whichis with high-elevationhabitats,comprisethefauna are endemic),whichparticularlyassociated large numberofinsects(morethanonehundred Amphibians, reptiles,mammals,birds,anda fauna have beenclassifiedasthreatened. are endemictotheSierraNevadawhile123 more than2,000plantspeciesfoundhere.80 plantains arejustsomeoftheexamples Sierra Nevadaviolets,andwhitewoolly houseleeks, foxgloves,Royalchamomile, , thereisgreatplantdiversity. Common Aside fromholmoaks,sweetchestnuts,and flora montane anduppermontane. are uniqueinSpain,suchastheMediterranean Mediterranean regionarerepresentedhere.Some or vegetationcompositionsfoundinthe Spain’s geography, asfiveofthesixecosystems The entirenaturalareaisanunprecedentedcasein ecosystem request tousethem. shelters areavailableforthe visitors who Parks’ website. The Postero Alto andPoqueira information centresandpoints andtheNational information onthemisavailableatthedifferent bicycle—the Rutas Verdes (Green Trails). More difficulty, andothersaretobedonebycar or to bedoneonfoot,withvaryinglevelsof There aretwotypesoftrails:somemeant destination forruraltourisminthisarea. of La Alpujarra havealways beenanattractive climbing andwintersports. The charmingtowns the popularityofthismassifformountain easy accesstothemarethemainreasonsbehind The heightofthesummitsSierraNevadaand tourism degradation. when thesurplusofanimalsprovokedpasture the populationhasdecreasedinrecentyears, and goat—alsoplaysanimportantrole,although Livestock farming—mainlybeefcattle,sheep, uncultivated land. although theruralexodushasleftlarge tractsof potato, corn,andfruitcropstakeprecedence, high plains,irrigatedcropssuchasvegetables, barley, andryepredominate.Invalleys crops suchasalmond,olive,fig,grape,wheat, an elevationofmorethan2,000m.Non-irrigated which iscarriedoutonthesouthernfaceupto Economic activityismainlybasedonagriculture, aspects socioeconomic Tel.: 958026 300 Hoya de Pedraza Botanical Garden. Tel.: 958026300 CortijuelaLa Botanical Garden. Tel.: 950521069 Paredes Learning Centre. Tel.: 958489759 El Aguadero Nature Learning Centre. Tel.: 958340472 Ermita Vieja Nature Learning Centre. Information Point. Ragua La Tel.: 958763127 Pampaneira Information Point. Tel.: 950513548 Laujar de Andarax Visitor Centre. Tel.: 958340625 El Dornajo Visitor Centre. Tel.: 950515539 Regional Office of Canjáyar. Tel.: 958699725 Regional Office of Huéneja. enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery nevada sierra sierra 29

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER [email protected] Fax 886 218094 Tel.: 886218090 36202 Vigo C/Oliva 32ºEdificioCambón Headquarters contents

marine-terrestrial atlantic islands of galicia 30 park website booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM I dolphins andharbourporpoises. shellfish. Therearealsomanyfinespecimensof excellent spawningsiteforalltypesoffishand abundance ofalgaespeciesandforbeingan The marineenvironmentischaracterisedbyan beaches, dunes,cliffs,androckformations. In theterrestrialenvironment,youcanfind on theentireIberianPeninsula. for someofthemostimportantseabirdpopulations Atlantic coastalhabitatsandservesasasanctuary it preservesthefeaturesthatarecharacteristicof It isaremarkableareaonthecoastofGalicia,as the waterssurroundingthem. a patchworkofecosystemsontheseislandsandin seabed—rocky, sandy, ormadeofshells—create and beaches,aswellthedifferenttypesof Eurosiberian region. The cliffs,dunes,shrublands, coastal areasandthecontinentalshelfof It representsthenaturalsystemsassociatedwith Cortegada archipelagos. of GaliciaandincludestheCíes,Ons,Sálvora, within thenetwork.ItislocatedinRíasBaixas t isthesecondmarine-terrestrialnationalpark and anemonesspawnonitsseabeds. also beseen.Scoresoffishes,molluscs,corals, gulls, Scopoli’s shearwaters,anddolphinscan Iberian Peninsula.Firesalamanders,Caspian one ofthemostimportantseabirdsonentire colony ofthecommonshaginSpain,whichis It isworthmentioningthelargest breeding fauna flora shrublands. systems, Atlantic andsub-Mediterraneancoastal Marine ecosystems,cliffs,beachesanddune ecosystem among whichthefaunaetakerefuge. gorse clumps,andmorethan300typesofalgae, foxglove. Inaddition,therearelaurelforests, narrow crevicesofthecliffssuchascommon such asthePortuguesecrowberry, orinthe surprisingly adaptedtolivinginthesanddunes You canfindalarge number of speciesthathave park. beaches. Divingisalsopossibleinsidetheentire landscapes, majesticcliffs,forests,andpristine still inuse,ancientvillages,magnificentnatural trails available. There arelighthousesthat secrets theyholdbyusinganyofthedifferent access pointstotheislands,youcandiscover used dependingonthetimeofyear. Fromthe Regular, private,orgrouptransportmaybe Vilagarcía, Bueu,andPontevedra. the townsof Vigo, Baiona,Cangas,Ribeira, It ispossibletoaccesstheparkbyseafrom management plans. are strictlyregulatedbylegislationandresource that themainactivities—fishingandtourism— sustainable useofitsresources,insuchaway In thepark,economicactivitiesarerestrictedto tourism aspects socioeconomic Tel.: 98668 7696 Island Information PointOns Tel.: 986687502 Information Point Islands Cíes Archipelago-CurroOns IslandOns Visitor Centre S. Estevo Monastery ruins Cíes Islands Visitor Centre Tel.: 886218082 36202 Vigo (Pontevedra) C/Palma 4EdificioCambón National Park Visitor Centre atlánticas atlánticas de galicia enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery islas islas 31

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER Tel.: 92700 6160 10071 Cáceres C/ Arroyo Valhondo, 2-1ªplanta Directorate-General for the Environment Agricultural and Territorial Policies Department of Environment and Rural Affairs, Headquarters Cáceres contents

monfragüe 32 park website booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM where naturewasatitswildestandmostbeautiful. an opportunitytodiscoveraplacefromtimespast, hundreds orthousandsofyearsago. A visittoitis large partoftheIberianPeninsulalookedlike This nationalparkgivesusaglimpseofhow in Europe. fauna makeitoneofthegreatestnaturaltreasures slopes andthepresenceofendangeredspecies The dense,nearlyimpenetrableshrublandonits wetlands intheworld. of thebestpreservedMediterraneanmontane the River. This naturalspotishometoone by large areasofdehesapasturelandsshapedby T he landscapeofMonfragüeischaracterised a littlepatience,caneasilybeseen. and numerousspeciesofinvertebratesthat,with are alsomammals,reptiles,amphibians,fishes, last remainingrefuges. Aside frombirds,there forests, wheretheyareabletofindoneoftheir threatened worldwide—currentlybreedinits imperial eagle,andtheblackstork—allofthem Species suchastheblackvulture,Spanish fauna inthecopsesofarroyos. on theshadedslopes,ornarrow-leavedashand deciduous speciessuchasPortugueseoak, heath forests,therearealsootherareaswith strawberry treeforests,rockroseand Aside fromholmoakforests,cork flora distinguishing feature. of conservation,makesbiodiversityitsmain surroundings. This, togetherwithitsgoodstate dehesa pasturelandscomprisetheparkandits montane andshrubland,riverbanks, its ecosystems;rockyareas,Mediterranean The valueofMonfragüeliesinthevariety ecosystem park. are accessibleusingtheroads that runthroughthe point arealsodefinitelyworth avisit. Theseareas lookout point,andthePortilladel Tiétar lookout Francés, the Tajadilla del Tiétar, theHiguerilla which offersmagnificentviews. TheFuentedel innumerable birdspeciesnest,andtheCastle, Gitano, withitsimposingprecipicewhere The mostemblematicspotsaretheSaltodel be donebycarorbicycleonhorseback. functional diversityandthereareothersthatcan The parkhasaccessibletrailsforpeoplewith environmental education. Centre, andafewtraditionalhutsintendedfor Centre, aResearchandDocumentation Interpretation Centre,aNature you canfinda Visitor ServiceCentre,a Water from thetownof Villarreal deSanCarlos. There, natural riches,itisadvisabletostartthevisit Sustainable Tourism. To betterexploreitsmany Monfragüe abidesbytheEuropeanCharterof tourism the park. economy, thankstothelarge numberofvisitsto gradually growinginrelevancethisarea’s The servicessectoristheactivitythat aspects socioeconomic [email protected] Tel.: 927199467 Documentation Centre Villarreal de San Carlos Research and Villarreal de San Carlos Multipurpose Centre Centre Villarreal de San Carlos Nature Interpretation [email protected] Tel.: 927199473 10695 Villarreal de San Carlos (Cáceres) Los Chozos Nature Learning Centre [email protected] Tel.: 927199134 10695 Villarreal de San Carlos (Cáceres) Centre Villarreal Visitor Reception and Information [email protected] Tel.: 927199503 10695 Villarreal de San Carlos (Cáceres) Public Use Office of the National Park monfragüe enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, PHOTO gallery 33

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER Telephone 914382278 28014 Madrid C/ Alcalá, 16 Territorial Regulation. Department of Environment, Local Administration and Telephone 921417 239 Reina.Pza. Dña. Juana, 540071Segovia Castile-Leon Regional Government Environmental Territorial of Segovia. Service contents

34 park website booking office itineraries NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER photo library CENEAM Peña delOso,andMontónde Trigo. de losPorrones,SierralaMorcuera,LaPedriza, de NavacerradaandPuertoLaFuenfría—Sierra interest areSietePicos—extendingbetweenPuerto Other mountainrangesandsummitsofparticular Peñalara risingto2,428m.asthehighestpeak. Guadarrama, betweenMadridandSegovia,with System, itincludesthesummitsofSierrade ecosystem value andinanexcellentstateofconservation. Scots pineforestswithahighenvironmental thickets andPyreneanbroomclumps);lastly, and supra-forestshrublands(creepingjuniper such asLaPedriza;high-elevationgrasslands that giverisetoanextraordinarylandscape millions ofyearsago;graniterockformations siliceous rocksshapedbytheerosiveforceofice of differentnaturalsystems:highlandswith Parks Network,thisareaisaprimeexample grasslands andshrublands.FortheNational rocky outcroppingsabound,andmontane Most ofitsareaiscoveredbysummits,where L ocated inthewesternpartofCentral Cabrera’s vole. shrew, theIberianmole, Iberiandesman,and Iberian hare, the Lusitanian pine vole, the Iberian 6 areendemictotheIberianPeninsula: the You canalso find58mammalspecies,ofwhich vulture, the Alpine accentor, andthebluethroat. are: theSpanishimperialeagle, theblack times oftheyear. The mostimportant ofthese species thatcanbecommonlyfoundatcertain protection zone,thereare133cataloguedbird Inside thenationalparkandinitsperipheral thrift, andtheGuadarramabroom. bilberry, thePaulargeranium,juniper-leaved species are:thegreatyellowgentian, 1,300 species.Someofthemostnoteworthy plants, itisbelievedthatthereareapproximately would determinetheexactnumberofvascular Despite theabsenceofdefinitivestudiesthat the appearanceofnumerousendemicspecies. of theCastilianmeseta,hasplayedakeyrolein isolation, asagreatcordillerarightattheheart for alarge numberofhabitatstoexist.Its over arelativelysmallarea,makeitpossible weather conditions—andinthetypesofsoil of thesemountains—whichgiverisetodiverse In addition,thesharpdifferencesinelevation territories. are currentlynolongerfoundintheadjoining more widelydistributedinthepastbutwhich species fromcolderclimates,whichwere regions, therebyturningitintoarefugefor in boththeMediterraneanandEurosiberian This enablesittohavecharacteristicsfound location, isfoundintheSierradeGuadarrama. factors mainlyrelatedtoitsgeographical High plantdiversity, asaresultofdifferent fauna flora mention. moon mothandtheapollobutterfly, isworthyof great beauty of its butterflies, such as the Spanish invertebrates arethemostnumerousgroup, the Iberianbarbelarenoteworthy. While In termsoffishes,theroach,loach, lizard. Cyren’s rocklizard,andtheIberianemerald representative speciesare:theIberianfrog, Among theamphibiansandreptiles,most tapestries, glass, etc. painting collections,ethnographic, archaeological, of itstowns,thereisawiderange ofmuseums: which makesvisitingitmuch easier. Insome de GuadarramaNationalPark ServiceGuide, All thisinformationisavailable intheSierra dining andoutdoorleisureoptions onoffer. influence, thereisagreatmanyaccommodation, Within thenationalpark’s areaofsocioeconomic conservation isthePinarde Valsaín. foremost examplesofsustainableuseandnature in theperipheralprotectionzone.Oneof recreation, althoughtreeharvestingcontinues soil conservation,hydrologicalcontrol,andfor role inbiodiversityandlandscapeconservation, found insidethenational park haveplayedavital for manyyearsnow, mostofthewoodlands most relevanttraditionalactivities.Nevertheless, pine forestsoftheSierradeGuadarramaare Livestock farmingandtreeharvestingfromthe tourism aspects socioeconomic Valsaín, Segovia Telephone 921120013 Valle de Valsaín Visitor Centre (Boca del Asno) MadridRascafría, Telephone 918691757 Valle de ElPaular Visitor Centre ElReal, Madrid Telephone 918539978 PedrizaLa Visitor Centre MadridCercedilla, Telephone 918522213 Valle de la Fuenfría Visitor Centre guadarrama enabling itsdownload. the entirefilewillopen, By clickingonanyimage, sierra de sierra PHOTO gallery 35

NATIONAL PARKS NETWORKDOSSIER contents

37 PICOS DE EUROPA TEIDE AIGUESTORTES list of Flora Flora Flora list of Hazel (Corylus avellana) Silver thistle (Stemmacantha cynaroides) Silver fir (Abies alba) Heath (Erica sp.) Teide broom (Spartocytisus supranubius) Pyrenean mountain spiny fescue (Festuka eskia) Sweet (Castanea sativa) Teide bugloss (Echium wildpretii) Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) species Juniper (Juniperus sp.) Teide violet (Viola cheiranthifolia) Mossy saxifrage (Saxifraga bryoides) species Ash (Fraxinus sp.) Matgrass (Nardus stri cta) Broom (Genista sp.) Fauna Juniper (Juniperus sp.) referred to Spring gentian (Gentiana verna) Alpine gentian (Gentiana alpina) European beech (Fagus sylvatica) Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotii) Moss campion (Silene acaulis) Oak (Quercus robur and Q. petrea) Canary (Serinus canaria) Mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) Large-leaved linden (Tilia platyphyllos) (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) referred to Gallot’s lizard (Gallotia galloti) Pyrenean buttercup (Ranunculus pyrenaeus) Fauna West Canary skink (Chalcides viridanus ssp. viridanus) Alpen rose (Rhododendron ferrugineum) (Ovis musimon) Wolf (Canis lupus) Barbary partridge ( barbara) Fauna Brown bear (Ursus arctos) Tenerife ( delalandii) Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pirenaica) Tenerife blue chaffinchFringilla ( teydea ssp. teydea) (Aquila chrysaetos) Wood grouse (Tetrao urogallus) House mouse (Mus musculus) Stoat (Mustela erminea) Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) ORDESA CALDERA DE TABURIENTE Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) Whiskered (Myotis mystacinus) Flora Flora Pyrenean rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta sp. pyrenaica) Black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) Silver fir (Abies alba) Tree houseleek (Aeonium and Greenovia genus) Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) Pyrenean encrusted saxifrage (Saxifraga longifolia) Canary Island pine () Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) Edelweiss or snow (Leontopodium alpinum) Canary Island broom (Genista benehoavensis) Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria) Holm oak (Quercus ilex) La Palma violet (Viola palmensis) Pyrenean brook salamander (Euproctus asper) Long-leaved butterwort (Pinguicula longifolia) Teide burnet (Bencomia exstipulata) Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) European beech (Fagus sylvatica) Tajinaste palmero de cumbre (Echium gentianoides) Wood grouse (Tetrao urogallus) Pyrenean violet (Ramonda myconi) Mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) Fauna DONANA Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotii) Flora Lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) Canary (Serinus canarius) European marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) La Palma lizard (Gallotia galloti palmae) Bullrush (Scirpus littoralis) Fauna Canary big-eared bat (Plecotus teneriffae) Heath (Erica sp.) White-tailed (Columba junoniae) Common reed (Phragmites communis) Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (Tarentola delalandii) Bayonet grass (Scirpus maritimus) Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) Plain swift (Apus unicolor) Spiny thrift (Armeria pungens) Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) Broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia) Beech marten (Martes foina) Rockrose (Halimium halimifolium) (Sus scrofa) Marmot (Marmota marmota) Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) Fauna Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (Aquila adalberti) Pyrenean brook salamander (Euproctus asper) White stork (Ciconia ciconia) Red (Vulpes vulpes) Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) American flamingo Phoenicopterus( ruber) Heron and egret (genuses Ardea and Bubulcus) Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) contents

38 TABLAS DE DAIMIEL CABRERA ARCHIPELAGO SIERRA NEVADA 39 SIERRA DE GUADARRAMA

Flora Flora Flora Flora list of Mediterranean saltwort (Salsola vermiculata) Balearic buckthorn (Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris) Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) list of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) Common reed (Phragmites communis) Balearic St. John’s wort (Hypericum balearicum) Foxglove (Digitalis sp.) Pyrenean broom (Cytisus oromediterraneus) Bayonet grass (Scirpus maritimus) Holm oak (Quercus ilex) Creeping juniper (Juniperus communis subsp. nana) species Holm oak (Quercus ilex) Fauna White woolly plantain (Plantago nivalis) species Great yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) Broadleaf cattail and southern cattail (Typha latifolia Royal chamomile (Artemisia granatensis) Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and T. dominguensis) Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala( melaena) Pine (Pinus sp.) Paular geranium (Erodium paularense) referred to Rush (Juncus sp.) Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Common houseleek (Sempervivum sp.) referred to Guadarrama broom (Adenocarpus hispanicus) Sea-lavender (Limonium sp.) Audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) Sierra Nevada violet (Viola crassiuscula) Swamp sawgrass (Cladium mariscus) Lilford’s wall lizard (Podarcis lilfordi) Fauna Branched algae (Chara sp.) Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) Fauna Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena) Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) Spanish ibex (Capra pirenaica) Black vulture (Aegypius monachus) Fauna Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) Alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) ATLANTIC ISLANDS Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) (Anas platyrhynchos) Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) White stork (Ciconia ciconia) CABANEROS Flora Lusitanian pine vole (Microtus lusitanicus) Common coot (Fulica atra) Iberian shrew (Sorex granarius) Common crane (Grus grus) Flora Portuguese crowberry (Corema album) Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis) Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) Iberian desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) Heron and egret (genuses Ardea and Bubulcus) Silver birch (Betula pendula) Laurel () Cabrera’s vole (Microtus cabrerae) Common otter (Lutra lutra) Common holly () Gorse (Ulex europaeus) Iberian frog (Rana iberica) Red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) Cork oak () Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Fauna Midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) TIMANFAYA Maple (Acer sp.) Cyren’s rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni) Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) Common shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) Iberian emerald lizard (Lacerta schreiberi) Flora Heath (genuses Erica and Calluna) Dolphins (genuses Tursiops and Delphinus) Roach (Achondrostoma calderoni) Cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix) Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) Iberian barbel (Barbus comiza) Spiny gorse (Launaea arborescens) French lavender (Lavandula stoechas) Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Lichen (Ramalina bourgeana) Holm oak (Quercus ilex) Scopoli’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) Spanish moon moth (Graellsia isabelae) Lichen (Stereocaulon vesuvianum) White-leaved rockrose (Cistus albidus) Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) Apollo butterfly Parnassius( apollo) Ratonera (Forsskaolea angustifolia) Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) Verode (Senecio kleinia) Royal (Osmunda regalis) MONFRAGUE Rockrose (genuses Cistus and Halimium) Fauna laurel (Prunus lusitanica) Flora Egyptian vulture or pharaoh’s chicken (Neophron perc- Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) nopterus) Yellow water-lily (Nuphar lutea) Cork oak (Quercus suber) Atlantic lizard (Gallotia atlántica) Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Maple (Acer sp.) GARAJONAY Willow (Salix sp.) Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) Common yew () Heath (Erica sp.) Flora Holm oak (Quercus ilex) Fauna Rockrose (Cistus sp.) Tree heath (Erica arborea) Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) Fire tree (Morella faya) Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) Canary Island elder (Sambucus nigra ssp. palmensis) Black vulture (Aegypius monachus) Canary spurge (Euphorbia longifolia) Red deer (Cervus elaphus) Fauna Blue bugloss (Echium acanthocarpum) Thekla lark (Galerida theklae) Canarian besom heath (Erica platycodon) (Capreolus capreolus) Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) Wild boar (Sus scrofa) Black vulture (Aegypius monachus) Fauna Little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) Black stork (Ciconia nigra) Skink (Chalcides sp.) White-tailed laurel pigeon (Columba junoniae) Dark-tailed laurel pigeon (Columba bollii) gecko (Tarentola gomerensis)