CHAPTER 4: WILLS VALIDITY REQUIREMENTS, MODIFICATION, REVOCATION, and CONTESTS MATCHING A
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Spring 2014 Melanie Leslie – Trusts and Estates – Attack Outline 1
Spring 2014 Melanie Leslie – Trusts and Estates – Attack Outline Order of Operations (Will) • Problems with the will itself o Facts showing improper execution (signature, witnesses, statements, affidavits, etc.), other will challenges (Question call here is whether will should be admitted to probate) . Look out for disinherited people who have standing under the intestacy statute!! . Consider mechanisms to avoid will challenges (no contest, etc.) o Will challenges (AFTER you deal with problems in execution) . Capacity/undue influence/fraud o Attempts to reference external/unexecuted documents . Incorporation by reference . Facts of independent significance • Spot: Property/devise identified by a generic name – “all real property,” “all my stocks,” etc. • Problems with specific devises in the will o Ademption (no longer in estate) . Spot: Words of survivorship . Identity theory vs. UPC o Abatement (estate has insufficient assets) . Residuary general specific . Spot: Language opting out of the common law rule o Lapse . First! Is the devisee protected by the anti-lapse statute!?! . Opted out? Spot: Words of survivorship, etc. UPC vs. CL . If devise lapses (or doesn’t), careful about who it goes to • If saved, only one state goes to people in will of devisee, all others go to descendants • Careful if it is a class gift! Does not go to residuary unless whole class lapses • Other issues o Revocation – Express or implied? o Taxes – CL is pro rata, look for opt out, especially for big ticket things o Executor – Careful! Look out for undue -
Lost Wills: the Wisconsin Law, 60 Marq
Marquette Law Review Volume 60 Article 3 Issue 2 Winter 1977 Lost Wills: The iW sconsin Law Robert C. Burrell Jack A. Porter Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Robert C. Burrell and Jack A. Porter, Lost Wills: The Wisconsin Law, 60 Marq. L. Rev. 351 (1977). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol60/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized administrator of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOST WILLS: THE WISCONSIN LAW ROBERT C. BURRELL* and JACK A. PORTER** I. INTRODUCTION The law of Wisconsin is well settled that once a will has been validly executed and has not been revoked, it may be admitted to probate even though the original copy of the will cannot be located at the death of the testator.1 Wisconsin Statutes section 856.17 provides as follows: Lost will, how proved. Whenever any will is lost, de- stroyed by accident or destroyed without the testator's con- sent the probate court has power to take proof of the execu- tion and validity of the will and to establish the same. The petition for the probate of the will shall set forth the provi- 2 sions thereof. Therefore, where the testator had a will which was valid at the time of execution but which cannot be located upon the death of the testator, the statute, in effect, prescribes the procedure for establishing that the will has not been subsequently re- voked by the testator. -
The Will Contest
SMU Law Review Volume 17 Issue 3 Article 3 1963 The Will Contest Leon Jaworski Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr Recommended Citation Leon Jaworski, The Will Contest, 17 SW L.J. 371 (1963) https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr/vol17/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in SMU Law Review by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. THE WILL CONTEST* Leon Jaworski** I. IN GENERAL T HAS been said, and I think accurately, that a will is more apt to be the subject of litigation than any other legal instrument. Usually, it is the most important document executed in a person's lifetime. This immediately suggests that a will representing the true wishes of a testator of sound mind should be so prepared and executed as to be invulnerable, if possible, to an improper attack. It will aid me in the treatment of my subject to refer to wills with which I have been associated. Inasmuch as I have represented the proponent in some cases and the contestant in others, it should not be difficult to present my views without prejudice or favor, and this will be my effort. In any event, I trust that you will forgive me for allusions to personal experiences. In writing a will, a fundamental truth to be borne in mind is that the average jury, upon reviewing a will, is often tempted to rewrite it in accordance with their idea of what is fair and right, rather than testing its validity according to the instructions of the court. -
The Last-In-Time Marriage Presumption Peter N
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Faculty Publications School of Law 1995 The Last-in-Time Marriage Presumption Peter N. Swisher University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications Part of the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter Nash Swisher, The Last-in-Time Marriage Presumption, 29 Fam. L.Q. 409 (1995). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Last-in-Time Marriage Presumption PETER NASH SWISHER* and MELANIE DIANA JONES** I. Introduction The typical scenario for the last-in-time marriage presumption is not as unusual as one might expect: A husband (or wife) has unexpectedly died, and the bereaved surviving spouse is in the process of bringing a legal proceed- ing that may include a probate action, a wrongful death action, a suit for social security benefits, a workers' compensation action, a life insurance action, or another legal action for related compensatory, probate, or insurance benefits. However, during the pendency of these actions a former wife comes forward, claiming that she has never been divorced from her deceased spouse and that she, rather than the subsequent wife, should recover in any legal proceeding as the legal wife. Which wife should prevail? To many, the initial conclusion might be that because American family law in the vast majority of states prohibits bigamy and other plural marriages,' the first-in-time spouse should recover all the proceeds. -
A Simple, Effective Will
Pace Law School Continuing Legal Education Bridge the Gap: December 6-7, 2014 A SIMPLE, EFFECTIVE WILL Daniel Timins. Esq. [email protected] 450 7th Avenue, Suite 1500 New York, New York 10123 (212) 683-3560 Telephone Number www.timinslaw.com Daniel A. Timins, Esq. Law Offices of Daniel Timins FOREWORD It is sometimes mind-numbing to see the absurd depth that attorneys will sink to when drafting legal documents: Details, definition sections, contingency upon contingency upon contingency. Yet, in the end, the artful litigator will still find a sufficient number of loopholes and arguments in any document, no matter how solid the drafter intended it to be. The statement “simple is better” when it comes to legal documents may be true, and perhaps equally so when it comes to the central estate planning document: A Last Will and Testament. There are many two page “Sweetheart Wills” drafted by laymen which are admitted to Probate with little problem. On the reverse side, there are a near-unlimited number of Court proceedings based on multiple page Wills drafted by the most skilled attorneys that languish in the Surrogate’s Court for years. And, of course, the inverse is equally true for both parties. The “Plain English” trend in legal writing should be observed with modern Wills even more so than other legal documents: The Will should be drafted in a way that allows the client to understand what legal concepts are being conveyed. To do otherwise may have the negative effects of not fulfilling the Testator’s desires, and may open the Will up to the protracted legal intervention that the drafter was hoping so hard to avoid. -
Wills--Deceased Residuary Legatee's Share Held Not to Pass by Way Of
St. John's Law Review Volume 38 Number 1 Volume 38, December 1963, Number Article 11 1 Wills--Deceased Residuary Legatee's Share Held Not to Pass by Way of Intestacy Where It Is Clearly Manifested That Surviving Residuary Legatees Should Share in the Residuum (In re Dammann's Estate, 12 N.Y.2d 500 (1963)) St. John's Law Review Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/lawreview This Recent Development in New York Law is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in St. John's Law Review by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ST. JOHN'S LAW REVIEW [ VOL. 38 argument against such an extension was rejected. 52 Likewise, the presence of a compensation fund for prisoners was held not necessarily to preclude prisoner suits under the FTCA.53 The Court found the compensation scheme to be non-comprehensive.5 4 The government's contention that variations in state laws might hamper uniform administration of federal prisons, as it was feared they would with the military, was rejected. Admitting that prisoner recoveries might be prejudiced to some extent by variations in state law, the Court regarded no recovery at all as a more serious prejudice to the prisoner's rights.55 In this connection, it is interesting to consider the desirability of spreading tort liability in the governmental area.5" The impact of the principal case is, in some respects, clear. -
Dependent Disclaimers Katheleen R
University of Oklahoma College of Law From the SelectedWorks of Katheleen R. Guzman Fall 2016 Dependent Disclaimers Katheleen R. Guzman Available at: https://works.bepress.com/katheleen_guzman/11/ guzman, katheleen 12/4/2017 For Educational Use Only DEPENDENT DISCLAIMERS, 42 ACTEC L.J. 159 42 ACTEC L.J. 159 ACTEC Law Journal Fall, 2016 Katheleen R. Guzmana1 Copyright © 2016 by The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel. All Rights Reserved.; Katheleen R. Guzman *159 DEPENDENT DISCLAIMERS I. INTRODUCTION Intent, delivery, and acceptance.1 The first two can be pressed at a donor’s choice; with the last one, the donee can brake. In this regard, inter vivos gift theory reflects symmetrical propositions: just as no one can be forced to make a gift, none can be forced to accept one. The same holds true for estates. Under the twin theories of renunciation and disclaimer,2 would-be takers may refuse to accept a devise or inheritance,3 simultaneously rejecting a right to acquire and exercising a right to avoid. Such refusal again reflects evenness of form, for in the very act of disclaiming inheres the enrichment of someone else. It might initially seem odd that one would reject another’s largesse or the status of being deemed heir. But ownership carries both value and cost, and acquisition is personal choice. Refusal will sometimes occur. *160 Where the rejecter is also the would-be owner, the disclaimer is both clean and direct, and is a relative commonplace within estates law to attain tax efficiency or avoid a creditor’s claim. -
The Concept of 'Will' Under Muslim Law: a Study
International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies :ISSN:2348-8212:Volume 4 Issue 3 70 THE CONCEPT OF ‘WILL’ UNDER MUSLIM LAW: A STUDY Dr Anand Kumar Tripathi, Assistant Professor of Law, Raksha Shakti University,Ahmedabad-16 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: In Muslim law, the testamentary document called the will is referred to as Wasiyat .Will or Wasiyat is a document made by the legator in favour of legatee which becomes effective after the death of the legator. Under Muslim law no person is entitled to make will of the whole property. Limitations are imposed in making will.The reason being to pay the respect to the word of prophet in order to ensure the shares of the legal heirs. In case of will of absolute property nothing will remain for all sharers prescribed under Muslim Law. Wills are declared lawful in the Quran, though the Quran itself does not provide for the testamentary restriction of one-third. The permissibility of bequests up to one-third is traced to a Hadis of the Propeht which ahs been stated by Sa’d Ibn Abi Waqqas and reported by Bukhari. Introduction Sa’d Ibn Abi Waqqas said: “The Messenger of God used to visit me at Mecca, in the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage on account of my illness which had become very serious. So I said, “My illness has become very severe and I have much property and there is none to inherit from me but a daughter, shall I then bequeath two-thirds of my property as a charity?” He said, “No.” I said, “Half?”, He said “No.” Then he said: “Bequeath one-third and one-third is much, for if thou leavest thy heirs free from want, it is better than that thou leavest them in want, begging of other people; and thou dost not spend anything seeking thereby the pleasure of Allah but thou art rewarded for it even for that which thou puttest into the mouth of they wife” In Muslim law, the testamentary document called the will is referred to as Wasiyat. -
When Probate Goes Wrong
1111 SUPERIOR AVENUE SUITE 1000 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44114 216.696.4200 www.ssrl.com When Probate Goes Wrong David M. Lenz December 2009 The Probate Court oversees administration of decedents’ estates, but occasionally disputes arise that the parties cannot resolve without direct Court intervention: Is the Will valid? Are there assets missing? Has the Executor violated his duties? These disputes are litigated in the Probate Court, which has specific jurisdiction to handle probate-oriented disputes. Below are some answers to common questions about what to do when probate goes wrong: • How can I contest a Will? A will contest is a specific type of lawsuit—an action requesting the Probate Court to declare that a Will is invalid. It must be filed within three months after the Executor certifies to the Court that she has notified the beneficiaries and heirs that the Will was admitted to probate. • Why would a Court declare that a Will is invalid? Usually for one of three reasons: (1) It was not signed with the formalities required by law (e.g., the Will was not witnessed by two adults); (2) The decedent was unduly influenced in creating the Will; and/or (3) The decedent did not have the mental capacity to execute a Will. • How can we resolve a disagreement about what a Will means? If family members agree a Will is valid but disagree over how the Will should be interpreted, the executor or a beneficiary can file a “declaratory judgment” action to have the Court decide how to interpret the Will. • What can an Executor do if she thinks someone is improperly holding estate assets? She can file a “concealment of assets” action against the party and require that person to testify concerning possession or transfer of estate property. -
The Personal Representative's Power to Sell Realty in Virginia
William & Mary Law Review Volume 15 (1973-1974) Issue 4 Article 8 May 1974 The Personal Representative's Power to Sell Realty in Virginia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Estates and Trusts Commons Repository Citation The Personal Representative's Power to Sell Realty in Virginia, 15 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 949 (1974), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol15/iss4/8 Copyright c 1974 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr COMMENT THE PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE'S POWER TO SELL REALTY IN VIRGINIA At common law, tide to personal property passed to an executor or administrator upon the death of the owner, while tide to realty vested immediately in the decedent's heirs or devisees.' During the period of administration, the personal representative's control over personalty was, and under present law remains, analogous to that of a trustee, there being few restrictions upon the power to dispose of the property for the benefit of the estate. With respect to realty, however, a personal representative at common law had neither tide nor power to sell. Two general exceptions to the common law rules have evolved to expand the personal representative's power ovex realty. First, realty may be subjected by statute to the payment of debts of the estate when the personalty is insufficient for that purpose. Second, and more sig- nificantly, an executor may sell realty when vested with such power by the will.3 This Comment will examine the development and present status in Virginia of these exceptions to the general rule against sale 'of realty by a personal representative and will suggest statutory reforms designed to bring Virginia law more in line with that in other jurisdic- tions in reflecting modem conditions. -
To Contest Or Not: Drafting and Litigating No-Contest Clauses by Elizabeth T
Reproduced by permission. ©2017 Colorado Bar Association 46 The Colorado Lawyer 39 (Jan. 2017). All rights reserved. TRUST AND ESTATE LAW To Contest or Not: Drafting and Litigating No-Contest Clauses by Elizabeth T. Meck and Morgan M. Wiener This article discusses current law on no-contest clauses. It includes suggestions for attorneys who draft and litigate no-contest clauses and considers the risks of litigation involving these provisions. roperty owners are generally free to dispose of their property whether the contesting party’s actions constitute an attack on the at death outright or in trust, in whole or in part, as they see dispositive instrument or provision. fit. This alienability is subject to statutory rights afforded to Given the rising amount of trust and estate litigation and the fre- P 11 surviving spouses, claims of creditors (including taxing authorities quency of post-mortem changes to estate plans, estate planning and dependents), and prohibitions of public policy that have been clients are increasingly interested in including these clauses to en - recognized in equity.1 sure that their estate plans will remain unchanged after their death. Fundamental to the freedom to dispose of one’s property at death The no-contest clause has become one of the most effective tools is the right to impose conditions on such transfers that restrict or an estate planning attorney can incorporate into dispositive instru- limit the timing, nature, or extent of the recipient’s ownership of the ments such as wills and trusts to prevent challenges to the plan.12 property.2 The in terrorem or “no-contest clause” has long been rec- Therefore, estate planning attorneys should draft clauses precisely, ognized as a condition intended to ensure that the settlor’s or tes- to ensure that enforcement is consistent with the client’s goals and tator’s wishes are honored by thwarting the likelihood of an attack ex pectations. -
Coming to Terms with the Uniform Probate Code's Reformation of Wills
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Articles Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship 2012 Coming to Terms with the Uniform Probate Code's Reformation of Wills Wayne M. Gazur University of Colorado Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles Part of the Estates and Trusts Commons, and the Evidence Commons Citation Information Wayne M. Gazur, Coming to Terms with the Uniform Probate Code's Reformation of Wills, 64 S.C. L. REV 403 (2012), available at https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles/740. Copyright Statement Copyright protected. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship at Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: 64 S. C. L. Rev. 403 2012-2013 Provided by: William A. Wise Law Library Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Tue Feb 28 11:04:51 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information COMING TO TERMS WITH THE UNIFORM PROBATE CODE'S REFORMATION OF WILLS Wayne M.