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35. Jahrestagung 30 ÖSTERREICHISCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR HYGIENE, MIKROBIOLOGIE UND PRÄVENTIVMEDIZIN 35. JAHRESTAGUNG 30. Mai – 2. Juni 2016 Ferry Porsche Congress Center, Zell am See ABSTRACTS VORTRÄGE ERÖFFNUNGSVORTRAG Melioidosis: a forgotten disease - New insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis Ivo Steinmetz Institut für Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Umweltmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis in humans and animals and is found in the environment of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Infection is acquired through inoculation, aerosols or ingestion. Although described more than a century ago, the precise worldwide distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei is still unknown. The disease is known to be highly endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, an increasing number of melioidosis case reports or environmental isolation of B. pseudomallei from other parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Central and South America suggest a worldwide, but grossly underreported distribution of this pathogen. A recent study predicted an alarming number of 165,000 cases of human melioidosis per year worldwide, from which 89,000 people die. Melioidosis causes a wide range of acute or chronic clinical manifestations, including pneumonia, abscesses in various organs, neurological manifestations, or severe septicemia. B. pseudomallei grows intracellularly within the cytosol and has evolved mechanisms to hijack the actin polymerization machinery leading to actin tail formation and induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells. Among a remarkable number of virulence factors, B. pseudomallei harbours three type III and six type VI secretion systems. The bacterium expresses various pathogen-associated molecular patterns which are recognized by Toll-like receptors. Components of the B. pseudomallei type III secretion system 3 can also activate the cytosolic inflammasome by NOD-like receptors. The intracellular life cycle and high virulence in rodents, makes B. pseudomallei also a promising model pathogen to study basic infection mechanisms. A better understanding of ecological factors determining the environmental dissemination and persistence of B. pseudomallei will be important for understanding the global epidemiology of melioidosis and for undertaking any preventive measures. PLENARVORTRÄGE PV 1 Übertragung von Antibiotika resistenten Bakterien und ihrer Resistenz-Gene zwischen Bakterien als Besiedler und Infektionserreger bei Menschen und Mast-Tieren Wolfgang Witte Robert Koch Institut, Bereich Wernigerode, Burgstraße 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Deutschland Dass gegen Antibiotika resistente Bakterien und ihre übertragbaren Resistenzgene zwischen den Mikrobiomen des Menschen und der landwirtschaftlich genutzten Tiere übertragen werden können, ist durch mehrere Studien hinreichend belegt. Von praktischem Interesse in Hinblick auf den Antibiotikaeinsatz und auf Präventionsmaßnahmen ist die Frage, in welchem Ausmaß diese Vorgänge zur Resistenzenzwicklung bei wichtigen Infektionserregern des Menschen beitragen. Methicillin resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): bis vor 10 Jahren wurde allgemein davon ausgegangen, dass die einzelnen klonalen Linien/Komplexe (ST/CC) von S.aureus Wirts-spezifisch sind. Demgegenüber zeigt der Livestock assoziierte MRSA CC398, der aus einer an den Menschen adaptierten und Methicillin-empfindlichen Subpopulation hervorging, eine wenig ausgeprägte Wirts-Spezifität. LA-MRSA CC398 sind als nasale Besiedler bei Schweinen, Geflügel und Rindern in konventionellen Mastanlagen sowie auch bei Menschen mit beruflicher Exposition gegenüber diesen Tieren weit verbreitet (~ 80% der Landwirte u. Tierärzte), bei diesen Personen können sie auch tiefgehende Haut-Weichgewebeinfektionen verursachen. 1 Der Anteil von LA-MRSA CC398 an MRSA Infektionen in Krankenhäusern in Deutschland ist insgesamt gesehen mit 2-3%gering, er ist allerdings deutlich höher in Regionen mit einer hohen Dichte konventioneller Mastanlagen (~ 15%, für Sepsis ~ 11% !). Neben der Verbreitung von LA-MRSA bedürfen Auftreten und Ausbreitung der übertragbaren Linezolidresistenz (cfr) bei Koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken von Rindern und Schweinen und die weitere Verbreitung auf Staphylokokken des Menschen besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Escherichia coli, die Breitspektrum-ß-Laktamasen (ESBL) bilden (ESBL-EC): in den vergangenen 10 Jahren stieg ihre Häufigkeit weltweit an(in DE: Infektionen beim Menschen 12.6%, Besiedlung beim Menschen 9-10%, Besiedlung bei Mast-Tieren ~ 50%). Bei ESBL-EC von Mast-Tieren überwiegt der ESBL-Typ CTX-M-1 (~ 70%), bei ESBL-EC aus Infektionen desMenschen sind es28%, dort überwiegt CTX-M-15 mit 71%. Bei der Übertagung weiterer Resistenzgene steht mcr-1, das Plasmid-lokalisiert ist und Colistinresistenz vermittelt, international im Fokus des Interesses. PV 2 Disinfection Byproducts in Swimming Pools: Formation, Health Effects, and Mitigation Strategies Ernest R. Blatchley III Lyles School of Civil Engineering and Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, USA Swimming is one of the most common forms of recreation and exercise, yielding clear benefits related to cardiovascular health and overall fitness. However, swimming in pools also offers opportunities for exposure to water contaminants, a situation that is exacerbated by water recirculation that is practiced in most pools. Disinfection, usually based on chlorine, is practiced as a means of controlling exposure to microbial pathogens. Like all disinfection processes, chlorination also results in formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which can represent threats to human health. DBP formation in pools is largely associated with reactions between chlorine and compounds that are deposited in pools by swimmers, primarily in the form of human body fluids and compounds that are rinsed from the skin upon immersion in a pool (e.g., personal care products).A complex mixture of DBPs results, including compounds that are volatile and some that are non-volatile (i.e., polar or ionic compounds).Several adverse human health effects have been associated with exposure to these chemicals in swimming pool settings, including irritation of the respiratory system, early onset asthma, and bladder cancer. A number of measures can be taken to mitigate against accumulation of unacceptably high DBP concentrations in pools.The most effective these probably involve changes in the hygiene habits of swimmers and education of the swimming community. However, engineering and operational strategies can also be implemented as means of reducing DBP formation and human exposure to these compounds in pools. PV 3 Acinetobacter baumannii – Resistenz und Epidemiologie eines erfolgreichen Erregers Harald Seifert Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene; Universität zu Köln; Deutschland Abstract wird nachgereicht 2 PV 4 Impact of globalisation and climate change on safety of fresh produce Mieke Uyttendaele Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Food Preservation, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University Belgium A number of outbreaks and alerts linked to the presence of pathogens in fresh produce have raised concerns related to food safety of fresh produce. EU FP7 Veg-i-Trade (2010-2014) research integrated several approaches, including sampling and testing, field studies on pre- and post-harvest practices, assessment of current food safety management systems, risk assessment modelling and risk communication. Sampling and testing of fresh produce: a recurrent issue Ambiguity in selection of microbial parameters and interpretation of test results to assess sanitary quality and safety of fresh produce was highlighted. In the case of STEC and Norovirus (NoV), for which detection is based upon molecular techniques, relationship between the detection of genes and the actual presence of infectious agents is lacking. Food borne zoonotic pathogens in the fresh produce supply chain: identification of risk factors The microbiological sampling in various partner countries demonstrated that no STEC or Salmonella were isolated from produce in EU countries (although sometimes Campylobacter was isolated). Only occasionally was E. coli present in low numbers. Nonetheless, hazards were present in the production environment (e.g. irrigation water). The importance of water quality for the rinse step of leafy greens was identified as a pathway for dispersion of E. coli in particular, if no sanitizing agents were used. Climate change and impact of climatic conditions on quality/safety of fresh produce Impact of climate change depends upon the local balance between positive and negative effects.The E. coli concentration is positively correlated with the mean daily temperature, whereas precipitation was not shown to be significant. In case of a flooding event, high E. coli levels and pathogens were noted, but a holding time combined with solar radiation reduced E. coli on the leaves to non-detectable levels. Major achievements can also been seen in the website: www.Veg-i-Trade.org. PV 5 Antibiotikaresistente Erreger in Lebensmitteln - Gefahr für den Verbraucher? Annemarie Käsbohrer Institut für Veterinary Public Health, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien Der Verbraucher kann beim Verzehr von Lebensmitteln Bakterien aufnehmen, die eventuell für ihn eine Gefahr darstellen. Für die klassischen Erreger von Lebensmittel bedingten Infektionen des Menschen, wie z.B. Salmonellen oder auch Campylobacter, ist
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