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The Jewish Discovery of Islam
The Jewish Discovery of Islam The Jewish Discovery of Islam S tudies in H onor of B er nar d Lewis edited by Martin Kramer The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University T el A v iv First published in 1999 in Israel by The Moshe Dayan Cotter for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [email protected] www.dayan.org Copyright O 1999 by Tel Aviv University ISBN 965-224-040-0 (hardback) ISBN 965-224-038-9 (paperback) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Publication of this book has been made possible by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation. Cover illustration: The Great Synagogue (const. 1854-59), Dohány Street, Budapest, Hungary, photograph by the late Gábor Hegyi, 1982. Beth Hatefiitsoth, Tel Aviv, courtesy of the Hegyi family. Cover design: Ruth Beth-Or Production: Elena Lesnick Printed in Israel on acid-free paper by A.R.T. Offset Services Ltd., Tel Aviv Contents Preface vii Introduction, Martin Kramer 1 1. Pedigree Remembered, Reconstructed, Invented: Benjamin Disraeli between East and West, Minna Rozen 49 2. ‘Jew’ and Jesuit at the Origins of Arabism: William Gifford Palgrave, Benjamin Braude 77 3. Arminius Vámbéry: Identities in Conflict, Jacob M. Landau 95 4. Abraham Geiger: A Nineteenth-Century Jewish Reformer on the Origins of Islam, Jacob Lassner 103 5. Ignaz Goldziher on Ernest Renan: From Orientalist Philology to the Study of Islam, Lawrence I. -
Fortresses of the Intellect Ismaili and Other Islamic Studies in Honour of Farhad Daftary
Fortresses of the Intellect Ismaili and Other Islamic Studies in Honour of Farhad Daftary Edited by Omar Alí-de-Unzaga I.B.Tauris Publishers LONDON • NEW YORK in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London Published in 2011 by I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies 210 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA www.iis.ac.uk Distributed in the United States and Canada Exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Copyright © Islamic Publications Ltd, 2011 All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978 1 84885 626 4 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Typeset in Minion Tra for The Institute of Ismaili Studies Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall Contents Foreword Azim Nanji xi List of Illustrations xiv List of Contributors xv 1. Introduction: A Biographical Sketch Omar Alí-de-Unzaga 1 2. Bibliography of the Works of Farhad Daftary 33 3. Persian, the Other Sacred Language of Islam: Some Brief Notes Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi 59 4. -
Paul Kraus, Richard Walzer, and Galen's Com. Tim
Arabic sciences and philosophy, 31 (2021): 225-256 doi:10.1017/S0957423921000072 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. PAUL KRAUS, RICHARD WALZER, AND GALEN’S COM. TIM. AILEEN R. DAS University of Michigan Email: [email protected] Abstract. A key work for the study of pre-modern Platonism, Galen’s (d. ca. 217 CE) “Synopsis of Plato’s Timaeus”(Com. Tim.) is served solely by an “im- perfect” 1951 edition that presents for the first time the surviving Arabic text and translates it into Latin. The editors of the “Plato Arabus” series of the Cor- pus Platonicum, to which the edition belongs, blamed its flaws on the untimely death of Paul Kraus (1904-1944), who prepared the edition with another Jew- ish refugee Richard Walzer (1900-1975) around WWII. My analysis of archival sources will demonstrate that the labor on the volume was disproportionately Kraus’, whom Walzer and the Corpus Platonicum editor Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) marginalized from the project in their attempts to secure employ- ment in British academia as displaced Jews. I will also consider how Walzer and Klibansky re-envisioned Kraus’ plans for a Semitic corpus of Platonism to a narrower “Plato Arabus” that would align with a study of Latin Platonism (“Plato Latinus”) in which they presumed their British patrons would be more interested. -
Closest in Friendship? Al-Jāḥiz'̣ Profile of Christians in Abbasid
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Closest in Friendship? Al-Jah̄ ̣iz’̣ Pro#le of Christians in Abbasid Society in “The Refutation of Christians” (Al-Radd ʿala ̄ al-Nasạ rā )̄ A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Semitic and Egyptian Languages and Literatures School of Arts and Sciences Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Ful#llment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Nathan P. Gibson Washington, D.C. 2015 Closest in Friendship? Al-Jah! "iz’" Pro#le of Christians in Abbasid Society in “The Refutation of Christians” (Al-Radd ʿala ̄ al-Nasạ rā )̄ Nathan P. Gibson, Ph.D. Director: Sidney H. Gri$th, Ph.D. Abbasid society in ninth-century Iraq faced the challenge of reconciling the role of its many non-Muslim citizens with Islamic norms and governance, as seen in “The Refutation of Christians” by al-Jah! "iz " (d. 868/869 [255 A.H.]). Al-Jah! "iz " moved in circles only one step removed from those of the Christian and Jewish intellectuals he came to criticize in the work, and he likely composed it just prior to Caliph al-Mutawakkil’s watershed reforms in non-Muslim policy. Thus, the “Refutation” is a primary source for understanding shifting Muslim sensibilities toward Christians’ societal role in a religiously diverse realm, but its polemic approach makes it problematic to analyze historically. This dissertation seeks to make “The Refutation of Christians” more accessible as a historical source by performing a contextual analysis of its argumentation. -
Chapter 3 – Cosmographical Diagrams
3 · Cosmographical Diagrams AHMET T. KARAMUSTAFA SCOPE traditions: the philosophical/scientific, the gnostic, and the mystic. Significantly, mainstream religious scholarship Many Islamic texts in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish con itself stayed for the most part clear of concentrated reflec tain illustrative diagrams. Although almost all such dia tion on the structure and nature of the universe. Devotees grams either are intended as graphic aids to the texts they of the religious sciences, most prominently scholars and accompany or are employed as clear and efficient meth lawyers of the Qur\ln and hadith (reports on the sayings ods of presentation, some simultaneously serve as graphic and doings of the Prophet Muhammed), even looked representations of cosmological ideas or, in a few cases, askance at attempts to construct comprehensive cos as complete cosmographies. The identification of a given mologies. The distanced attitude of the religious scholars diagram as cosmologically significant is admittedly not toward cosmological speculation was dictated in large always a matter of certainty. For the purposes of a general part by the rather meager cosmological content of the survey, it will be sufficient to include those specimens two major sources of Islamic religious scholarship-the that exhibit a certain measure of correlative thought Qur)an and the hadith. that is, diagrams where two or more different orders of The Qur)an, the single most important source of existence or component parts of the universe are cor Islamic culture, does not contain a systematic cosmology. related with each other, as well as those that are presented No single Qur)anic verse addresses the structure of the as partial or total representations of the structure of "per universe directly, and materials of cosmological import ceived" reality (whether material or spiritual). -
US Transport Safety Board Attacks FAA Process
ISSN 1718-7966 FEBRUARY 11, 2013 / VOL. 375 WEEKLY AVIATION HEADLINES Read by thousands of aviation professionals and technical decision-makers every week www.avitrader.com WORLD NEWS Airbus ahead in 2013 orders LOT Polish Airbus began 2013 in style, out- Airlines’ pacing Boeing with total orders in woes have increased January for 140 aircraft to its rival’s with the booking for two. American Air- grounding of lines, nearing its emergence from its two 787 bankruptcy protection, started the Dreamliners, as the probe ball rolling with a purchase of 130 into recent A31neos, the largest-ever single battery order for the model. Boeing’s slow malfunctions start will be boosted by the news continues that American firmed up a prior commitment, announced in July Boeing 2011, to acquire 100 of its new- engine variant 737 Max aircraft. 787 crisis: US transport safety board attacks FAA process American’s order also included the firming up of commtiments to buy Fleet could remained grounded for weeks, spelling uncertain future for LOT one 777 and 42 787 Dreamliners, The approval procedures for the Hersman added that the 787 fleet not fly for some time. a much-needed vote of confidence new lithium-ion batteries linked has to date accumulated less than That spells bad news for the eight as the airframer’s 787 battery fire to fires aboard two Boeing 787 100,000 flight hours and in that carriers that have taken delivery of crisis drags on (see story, right). Dreamliners last month were se- time there have been “two bat- the 49 planes so far, none more verely criticised by the head of tery events resulting in smoke less India to need 1,450 planes so than troubled Polish flag car- the US transport safety author- than two weeks apart, on two rier LOT, which had banked on the Even as the domestic market in ity, the NTSB, as the grounding different aircraft”. -
A Critical Study of Jabir Ibn Hayy&N's
O' A Critical Study of Jabir ibn Hayy&n's Kitab al-Ahjar ‘ala Rary Batinas By Syed Nomanul Haq A thesis submitted to the University of London In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London 1990 ABSTRACT Some fifty years ago, the German scholar Paul Kraus declared that the well-known corpus of Arabic alchemical writings traditionally attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan was not written by a single author. Kraus concluded that these writings, with the possible exception of one treatise, were collectively produced by several generations of Qaimatf-IsmaTlI authors who lived no earlier than the latter half of the 9th century AD. Kraus' conclusions, already a scholarly orthodoxy, are reexamined by the present thesis. The thesis argues that Kraus' conclusions drastically affect the methodology of the historian's approach to Jabirian texts; therefore, these conclusions ought not to be presupposed uncritically. Thus, both Kraus' evidence as well as his reasoning are subjected to an investigation and tentatively dismissed. Several grounds are adduced for this dismissal, one of them being the present work's discovery of a hitherto unknown Jabirian translation of the eighth discourse of Aristotle's Categoriae. a translation too archaic to support Kraus' dating. The thesis then develops its own methodological guidelines and moves to its main task: a critical study of Jabir's Kitab al-Ahjar *ala Ra'v Balinas (Book of Stones According to the Opinion of Ba&nas). Studying Jabir in his own terms, the thesis identifies certain fundamental notions of the Jabirian system and examines how they operate within the framework of the author’s cosmological and alchemical doctrines as these latter are developed in the Ahjar. -
Paul Kraus Papers, Subject Catalog, by David C
Paul Kraus Papers, Subject Catalog, by David C. Reisman and Cara Lia Sargent 1 Contents 1. RESEARCH: Student Notebooks ................................................................................... 3 2. RESEARCH: Miscellaneous Notes and Texts ............................................................... 3 3. RESEARCH: Graeco-Arabica ........................................................................................ 7 3.1.Graeco-Arabica: General .......................................................................................... 7 3.2. Graeco-Arabica: Greek and Arabic Authors ............................................................ 9 4. RESEARCH: Jabir b. Hayyan ...................................................................................... 14 4.1. Jabir b. Hayyan, General Notes ............................................................................. 14 4.2. Jabir b. Hayyan, Manuscript Research .................................................................. 15 4.3. Jabir b. Hayyan, Manuscript Copies ...................................................................... 16 4.4. Jabir b. Hayyan, Drafts, Proofs and Galleys of Publications ................................. 17 4.5. Jabir b. Hayyan, Texts ........................................................................................... 19 4.6. Jabir b. Hayyan, Translations of Works................................................................. 20 4.7. Jabir b. Hayyan, Miscellaneous ............................................................................ -
Again on Maslama Ibn Qāsim Al-Qurṭubī
Alcantara Vol XXXVII-2 (segundas)_Maquetación 1 17/02/17 14:06 Página 329 AL-QANTARA XXXVII 2, julio-diciembre 2016 pp. 329-372 ISSN 0211-3589 doi: 10.3989/alqantara.2016.011 Again on Maslama Ibn Qāsim al-Qurṭubī, the Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ and Ibn Khaldūn: New Evidence from Two Manuscripts of Rutbat al-ḥakīm* De nuevo sobre Maslama Ibn Qāsim al-Qurṭubī, los Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ e Ibn Jaldūn: Nuevos datos de dos manuscritos de la Rutbat al-ḥakīm Godefroid de Callataÿ Université catholique de Louvain Sébastien Moureau The Warburg Institute, University of London As a continuation of previous studies about Como continuación a estudios anteriores sobre the reception of Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ in al- la recepción de las Rasā’il Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ en Andalus, this paper argues that it was common al-Andalus, en este artículo se sostiene que among Andalusī scholars of the Middle Ages entre los estudiosos andalusíes de la Edad to credit the astronomer Maslama al-Majrīṭī Media era una creencia generalizada conside- (d. 395/1004 or shortly thereafter) not only rar al astrónomo Maslama al-Maŷrīṭī (m. with the authorship of Rutbat al-ḥakīm and 395/1004 o poco después) como el autor no Ghāyat al-ḥakīm – now both correctly as- solo de la Rutbat al-ḥakīm y la Gāyat al- cribed to Maslama Ibn Qāsim al-Qurṭubī (d. ḥakīm – hoy ambas correctamente atribuidas 353/964) – but also with the entire ency- a Maslama Ibn Qasīm al-Qurṭubī (m. 353/964) clopaedic corpus of the Rasā’il. The first part – sino también de todo el corpus enciclopé- of this article seeks to explain the series of dico de las Rasā’il. -
Bibliographical Index
Bibliographical Index BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ACCESS TO THIS VOLUME cArIb ibn Sacd al-Katib al-QuqubI. Le calendrier de Cordoue. New Two modes of access to bibliographical information are used in this ed. with annotated French translation by Charles Pellat. Ed. volume: the footnotes and the Bibliographical Index. Reinhart Dozy. Medieval Iberian Peninsula, Texts and Studies, The footnotes provide the full form of a reference the first time it vol. 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1961. 53 A~II is cited in each chapter, with short-title versions in subsequent citations. aI-DIn cAbd Allah ibn cAbd al-Rabman aI-I:IusaynL Risalah-)i In each of the short-title references, the note number of the fully cited mazarat-i H arat. Ed. FikrI SaljuqI. Kabul: Publishing Institute, work is given in parentheses. 1967. 239 The Bibliographical Index comprises a complete list, arranged al AwrangabadI, Shahnavaz Khan. The Maa!.l2.ir-ul-Umara: Being phabetically by author's name, of all works cited in the footnotes, Biographies of the Mul}ammadan and Hindu Officers of the appendixes, and figure legends. Numbers in bold type indicate the pages Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. on which references to these works can be found. This index is divided Reprint edition. 2 vols. Patna: Janaki Prakashan, 1979. 326 into two parts. The first part identifies the editions and translations of texts; the second part lists the modern literature. al-BaladhurI. Futul} al-buldan. Liber expugnationis regionum. Ed. Michael Jan de Goeje. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1866. 90 EDITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS OF Barros, Joao de. -
Al-Razi's Conception of the Soul: Psychological Backgroand to His Ethics
Medieual Philosophy and Theology 5 (1996). 245-263. Printed in the United States of America. Al-Razi's Conception of the Soul: Psychological Backgroand to his Ethics THBRBSE-ANNE DRUART The Catholic University of America Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya ibn Yahya al-Razi (865-925 or 932?)-I am listing all his names to distinguish him clearly from several other famous writers with the name al-Razi-the Latin Rhazes referred to in the prologue of the Canterbury Tales, was one of the greatest medieval physicians.' On the one hand, most of his medical works were translated into Latin, and his medical fame is universally acknowledged. His philosophical standing, on the other hand, is rather controversial.* His own apology, The Philosophic Life, which he wrote rather late in life, already indicates that some contem- poraries were disputing his right to call himself a philosopher.3 Like Galen, another philosopher-physician and one of his main sources, he was consid- ered by many an excellent physician but a poor philosopher. Many medieval Muslim intellectuals objected strongly to his views on religion and prophecy-so much so that they dubbed him "the heretic." Their religious concerns may have colored their evaluation of his philo- I cannot thank enough my colleague Richard M. Frank, who had the patience to comment on this text, not only checking the Arabic, but also taking care of my worst crimes against English. He made many useful and challenging suggestions. 1. On al-Razi's life, see Paul E. Walker, "The Political Implications of al-Razi's Philosophy," in The Political Aspects of Islamic Philosophy. -
Paul Kraus, Richard Walzer, and Galen's Com. Tim
Arabic sciences and philosophy, 31 (2021): 225-256 doi:10.1017/S0957423921000072 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. PAUL KRAUS, RICHARD WALZER, AND GALEN’S COM. TIM. AILEEN R. DAS University of Michigan Email: [email protected] Abstract. A key work for the study of pre-modern Platonism, Galen’s (d. ca. 217 CE) “Synopsis of Plato’s Timaeus”(Com. Tim.) is served solely by an “im- perfect” 1951 edition that presents for the first time the surviving Arabic text and translates it into Latin. The editors of the “Plato Arabus” series of the Cor- pus Platonicum, to which the edition belongs, blamed its flaws on the untimely death of Paul Kraus (1904-1944), who prepared the edition with another Jew- ish refugee Richard Walzer (1900-1975) around WWII. My analysis of archival sources will demonstrate that the labor on the volume was disproportionately Kraus’, whom Walzer and the Corpus Platonicum editor Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) marginalized from the project in their attempts to secure employ- ment in British academia as displaced Jews. I will also consider how Walzer and Klibansky re-envisioned Kraus’ plans for a Semitic corpus of Platonism to a narrower “Plato Arabus” that would align with a study of Latin Platonism (“Plato Latinus”) in which they presumed their British patrons would be more interested.