World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University Books Maritime Environmental Research (MER) Group 2014 HERRING : An analysis of spawning ground management, ecological conditions and human impacts in Greifswald Bay, Vistula Lagoon and Hano ̈ Bight. Dariusz P. Fey National MarIne FIsherIes Research Institute Adam M. Lejk National MarIne FIsherIes Research Institute Lena Szymanek National MarIne FIsherIes Research Institute Iwona Psuty National MarIne FIsherIes Research Institute Tomasz Nermer National MarIne FIsherIes Research Institute Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.wmu.se/mer_book See nePxat pratge of for the addiEtionnvairl aonmeuthors ntal Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Fey, Dariusz P.; Lejk, Adam M.; Szymanek, Lena; Psuty, Iwona; Nermer, Tomasz; Lempe, Friederike; Strehlow, Harry V.; Polte, Patrick; Moll, Dorothee; Stybel, Nardine; Hiller, Anne; Laak, Michael van; Nilsson, Henrik; and Pongolini, Lilitha, "HERRING : An analysis of spawning ground management, ecological conditions and human impacts in Greifswald Bay, Vistula Lagoon and Hanö Bight." (2014). Books. 3. http://commons.wmu.se/mer_book/3 This Open Access Book is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Dariusz P. Fey, Adam M. Lejk, Lena Szymanek, Iwona Psuty, Tomasz Nermer, Friederike Lempe, Harry V. Strehlow, Patrick Polte, Dorothee Moll, Nardine Stybel, Anne Hiller, Michael van Laak, Henrik Nilsson, and Lilitha Pongolini This open access book is available at The aM ritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University: http://commons.wmu.se/mer_book/3 HERRING An analysis of spawning ground management, ecological conditions and human impacts in Greifswald Bay, Vistula Lagoon and Hanö Bight. HERRING An analysis of spawning ground management, ecological conditions and human impacts in Greifswald Bay, Vistula Lagoon and Hanö Bight. HERRING An analysis of spawning ground management, ecological conditions and human impacts in Greifswald Bay, Vistula Lagoon and Hanö Bight. AUTHORS NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES EUCC – The COASTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNION GERMANY Dariusz P. Fey Nardine Stybel Adam M. Lejk Anne Hiller Piotr Margonski Michael van Laak Lena Szymanek Iwona Psuty Editors WORLD MARITIME Review: Tomasz Nermer UNIVERSITY THUNEN INSTITUTE OF Lilitha Pongolini BALTIC SEA FISHERIES Henrik Nilsson Friederike Lempe Harry V Strehlow Patrick Polte Dorothee Moll Print and layout: CA Andersson, Malmö, Sweden, 2014 ISBN: 978-91-637-7839-1 Disclaimer clause This book reflects the authors’ views and the EU Commission and the Managing Authority is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. PREFACE .................................................... 5 Future consequences of ecological changes ..................40 Temperature increase and sea level increase .......................... 40 Temperature increase and ice-cover period ........................... 41 INTRODUCTION .......................................... 7 Swedish case study area – Hanö Bight .................43 SPAWNING AREAS AND POPULATIONS ............ 13 Environmental monitoring programme ................................ 43 Present ecological situation .........................................45 Case study areas .................................................14 Temperature and salinity ....................................................... 45 Herring populations ...........................................18 Oxygen.................................................................................. 47 Hydrodynamics ..................................................................... 47 Turbidity ............................................................................... 47 THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ................ 23 Nutrients ............................................................................... 47 German case study area - Greifswald Bay .............23 Phytoplankton ...................................................................... 49 Environmental monitoring programme ................................ 23 Zooplankton ......................................................................... 50 Herring response to ecological parameters ...................23 Macrophytes ........................................................................ 51 Water temperature ................................................................ 23 Alien species ......................................................................... 52 Salinity .................................................................................. 24 Herring spawning areas ........................................................ 54 Oxygen supply ...................................................................... 24 Future consequences of ecological changes ..................55 pH value ................................................................................ 25 Climate change, temperature and salinity ............................. 55 Hydrodynamics ..................................................................... 25 Hydrography and eutrophication ......................................... 56 Solar radiation ....................................................................... 26 Phytoplankton and zooplankton ........................................... 57 Interactions between the physical environment, Alien species ......................................................................... 57 spawning beds and herring biology ..............................26 Temperature, salinity and seabed substrate ........................... 26 Nutrients, eutrophication and HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND SPATIAL USES .......... 59 ecosystem impact .................................................................. 27 German case study area - Greifswald Bay .............59 Species introduction and ecosystem impacts ......................... 30 Overview of human uses and Climate change and ecosystem impact .................................. 31 their spatial position ...................................................59 Polish case study area – Vistula Lagoon ...............31 Commercial and recreational fishery ..................................... 59 Environmental monitoring programme ................................ 31 Tourism ................................................................................. 60 Present ecological situation .........................................31 Marine transport – marinas, fishing harbours, industrial ports and waterways .............................................................. 61 Water temperature ................................................................ 31 Energy supply (pipelines) and dredging ................................ 63 Salinity .................................................................................. 32 Nature conservation .............................................................. 64 Oxygen.................................................................................. 33 Adjacent land use (agriculture, industry) ............................... 66 Ice cover ................................................................................ 33 Potential ecosystem effects ..........................................66 Turbidity ............................................................................... 33 Pollution and its impacts on herring egg development ......... 66 Hydrodynamics ..................................................................... 34 Coastal modification and its impacts on herring egg Bottom sediments ................................................................. 34 development .......................................................................... 68 Nutrient conditions and eutrophication ................................ 35 Interaction of multiple anthropogenic effects ....................... 69 Phytoplankton ...................................................................... 36 Polish case study area – Vistula Lagoon ...............70 Zooplankton ......................................................................... 36 Overview of human uses and their Macrophytes ......................................................................... 37 spatial position ...........................................................70 Invasive species ..................................................................... 39 Commercial and recreational fishing ..................................... 70 Fish assemblages and seasonal movements ........................... 40 Marine transport – marinas, fishing harbours, Fish spawning area ................................................................ 40 industrial ports and waterways ............................................. 75 Tourism ................................................................................. 80 Institutional framework for resource extraction . 132 Bordering land use ................................................................ 81 Germany ..................................................................132