Compliance Engineering Journal ISSN NO: 0898-3577
Symmetry in Nature Soma Banerjee1 and Sudipta Sinha* 1.Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Burdwan Raj College Email: [email protected] 2.Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Burdwan Raj College Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Symmetry enhances the beauty of nature. If we observe our nature minutely, we surprisingly see that symmetry lies here and there among the nature. In every step of our life we notice symmetry. We become astonished to observe these beautiful creations of nature. In this paper, we put some nice examples of symmetry found in nature around us along with their types. Keywords: symmetry, bilateral symmetry, spherical symmetry, spiral symmetry
* Corresponding author
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§1. Introduction: Mathematically symmetry is defined as the invariance of an object under any transformation such as reflection, rotation etc. Symmetry exists widely among the living things. In Zoology, symmetry is commonly seen in their body structures. It describes body shapes of a living organism. The most common symmetry of animals is bilateral symmetry. It divides the body of an animal into two halves by an imaginary line. Animals that move in one direction necessarily have upper and lower sides, head and tail ends, and therefore a left and a right.The head consists of a mouth and sense organs, and the body becomes bilaterally symmetric for the purpose of movement for the existence of symmetrical pairs of muscles and skeletal elements but their internal organs are seen asymmetric Symmetry has a remarkable in the biological revolution(10). Most of the animals have bilateral or mirror symmetry, as do the leaves of plants and some flowers picture of which are given in the following section. Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry. Animals like tigers often show mirror or bilateral symmetry. Echinoderms such as starfish has fivefold symmetry. Fivefold symmetry can be seen in many flowers and some fruits like this medlar(1,2) We have captured some example of fivefold symmetry in flowers commonly found in our surroundings where we see the various types of symmetry namely bilateral symmetry, fivefold symmetry, spherical symmetry etc.
There are various causes in symmetry. Snowflakes have six-fold symmetry, each flake's structure forms a record of the varying conditions during its crystallization, with nearly the same pattern of growth on each of its six arms. A variety of symmetries are found in crystals, it may be cubic, octahedral. Among non-living things, rotational symmetry is also seen at different scales which includes the crown-shaped splash pattern symmetry. The example of it when a drop falls into a pond. An amazing example of fivefold symmetry is echinoderms which has bilateral symmetry. Asymmetry, the opposite of symmetry indicates the absence or a violation of symmetry. The following picture can describe it easily (3)
§2. Types of Symmetry: Symmetry occurs when we flip, slide or turn an object. There are several types of Symmetry basic of which are:
Reflexive Rotational Symmetry
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Reflective or Line: A figure is symmetrical about a line which divides it into two equal halves. This is often referred to as the bilateral symmetry. Rotational Symmetry: When we rotate a shape about an axis and it appears exactly the same as it did before rotation. Example: a square, a rectangle, etc. Moreover, there exist different types of symmetry such as the point, translational, glide reflectional, helical, radial etc We should explain these kinds of symmetry with images. §3. Some examples of symmetry in nature: Study of symmetry is very important. We have captured some common pictures to show the symmetry in nature. In Vegetables & Fruits
In Trees
In the above figures, we observe that the symmetry lies in the leaves of trees whose names are unknown to us. These leaves are commonly seen here and there almost in every villages of West Bengal.
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In Flowers We can also find symmetry in the common flowers shown below
Spiral Symmetry In
nature
In Animals Some examples of Bilateral symmetry
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Beautiful symmetry among the flourish of Boy is maintaining balance by stretching his Peacock. body symmetrically.
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In Creation Creation by Nature
Creation of man
In the above pictures bilateral symmetry has been maintained. Men have created these symmetrical figures to express the beauty.
Reflexion symmetry Bilateral Symmetry or Line Symmetry
§5 Some more examples We have picked some more examples from the various website of the internet and also see the symmetrical characteristics of that pictures (3,4,5,6,7,8,9). Here are the examples
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Animals often show Fivefold symmetry Echinoderms like this Snowflakes have mirror or bilateral can be seen in starfish have fivefold six fold symmetry symmetry, like this symmetry many flowers and tiger some fruits like this medlar
Water splash app Garnet showing Volvox has spherical Oyster or mollusk has roximates radial rhombic dodecahedral symmetry. bilateral valves symmetry crystal habit.
Radial symmetry Symmetry in Very nice example Radial symmetry in nature computer graphics of symmetry
Glide Reflexion Nature, black, white Geometry and Symmetry in the Symmetry in leaves and animal symmetry in nature environment
§ 6 Conclusion This paper presents a pictorial study of natural symmetry. This study is very useful to give a clear conception of natural symmetry. It is believed that The God has created nature in his own way. It is very surprising that the creation of God consists of such different types of symmetry. In this paper we have tried to show a pictorial view of variety of natural symmetry as well as the symmetry created by man which is very common and we can see these in every step of our walk.
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§7 References 1.Giyyora, H & Goldstein, B.R. (2008),’From Summetria to Symmetry: The Making of a Revolution Scientific Concept.
2. Seminar, F & Russo, I.B,” SYMMETRY A Journey into the Patterns of Nature”, 2014, pp.1-10. 3.google.com/search/symmetry in nature 4.https:// www.livescience.com 5.https://en.wikipedia.org>wiki>symmetry 6.https://www.serius-science.org 7. https://www.slideplayer.com 8.“Symmetry in Biology”; http://en.wikipedia.org / wiki/ Symmetry_in_biology 9. “Beauty”; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty. 10.Symmetry in Science, An Introduction to the General Theory (Book)- Rosen Joseph
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