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Palestina : De La Nakba Al Apartheid Palestina : de la Nakba al apartheid : la lucha de un pueblo por su liberación Titulo Martinelli, Martín - Autor/a; Comedi, David - Autor/a; Ibarlucía, Miguel - Autor/a; Autor(es) Cordova Kaczerginski, Liliana - Autor/a; Silhi Chahin, Nadia - Autor/a; Bento, Berenice - Autor/a; Cardim, Guiltherme - Autor/a; Brizuela, Natalia - Autor/a; Gago, Verónica - Autor/a; Nolasco Flores, Pablo - Autor/a; Masri, Lautaro - Autor/a; Coll, Fernando - Autor/a; Thier, Daphna - Autor/a; Awad, Sumaya - Autor/a; Pappé, Ilan - Autor/a; González, Zulema Beatriz - Autor/a; Movimiento BDS América Latina - Autor/a; Buenos Aires Lugar ContrahegemoniaWeb Editorial/Editor 2021 Fecha Colección Movimientos sociales; Resistencia; Sociedad; Geopolítica; Cultura; Palestina; Temas Doc. de trabajo / Informes Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/clacso/gt/20210722045350/Dossier-Palestina.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir Igual CC BY-NC-SA Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org Palestina: de la Nakba al apartheid – 1 – La lucha de un pueblo por su liberación Palestina: de la Nakba al apartheid. La lucha de un pueblo por su liberación Brizuela, Natlia; Comedi, David [et. al.] – Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; ContrahegemoniaWeb, 2021. 141 páginas. LIBRO DIGITAL Fecha de publicación en el portal: 17/5/21 Fecha de publicación digital: 20/7/21 Diseño y coordinación del Dossier: Colectivo editorial Contrahegemoníaweb. Contrahegemoníaweb www.contrahegemoniaweb.com.ar [email protected] COPYLEFT Esta edición se realiza bajo licencia de uso creativo compartido o creative commons. Está permitida la copia, distribución y exhibición y utilización de la obra bajo las siguientes condiciones: Atribución: se debe mencionar la fuente (título de la obra, autor, editorial, año). No comercial: se permite la utilización de esta obra con fines no comerciales. Mantener estas condiciones para obras derivadas: sólo está autorizado el uso parcial o alterado de esta obra para la creación de obras derivadas siempre que estas condiciones de licencia se mantengan para la obra resultante. – 2 – Palestina: de la Nakba al apartheid Índice Presentación del dossier Zulema Beatriz González y Sergio Zeta………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Palestina e Israel, una encrucijada geopolítica Martín Martinelli……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12 Sionismo y judeofobia, dos formas de racismo entrelazadas David Comedi ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 A 73 años de la implantación de un Estado en tierra ajena Miguel Ibarlucía ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 El BDS (Boicot, Desinversión y Sanciones) “es un movimiento antirracista y antiimperalista” Liliana Cordova Kaczerginski …………………..……………………………………………………………………… 26 Entrevista a Tilda Rabi: “Como dicen muchos compañeros, ‘vivir ya es resistir’ y esa es una batalla ganada contra el sionismo” …………………….….. 31 Acompañando desde Chile las resistencias de las feministas palestinas Nadia Silhi Chahin ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. 38 Queer palestino: conflictos y resistencia ………………..……..……………………………………. 40 Berenice Bento y Guiltherme Cardim “Ya no luchamos por el estado palestino, luchamos por la liberación”. Entrevista a Samera Esmeir Natalia Brizuela y Verónica Gago …………………………….……………………………………………………… 49 Potreros de escombros: el fútbol sitiado en la Palestina que resiste Pablo Nolasco Flores……………………………………..…………………………………………………………………..… 57 Limpieza étnica y colonización. El movimiento sionista y sus mitos movilizadores Lautaro Masri ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62 – 3 – La lucha de un pueblo por su liberación Crónica de la larga resistencia palestina Fernando Coll ………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 71 En Israel, el sionismo impide la solidaridad de clase Daphna Thier y Sumaya Awad …………………………….…………………………………………………………….107 Llamamiento a los hermanos y hermanas del movimiento sindical mundial…………………….……………………………………….………………………… 110 El mito de la solución de dos Estados como la única forma de avanzar (extractos) Ilan Pappe …………………………….………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 112 El militarismo israelí en América Latina (extractos) Movimiento BDS América Latina ……………………………………………………………………………………. 115 Una ventana hacia el arte y cultura palestinas Zulema Beatriz González …………………………………………..…………………………………………………….. 130 – 4 – Palestina: de la Nakba al apartheid Presentación del dossier Por Zulema Beatriz González y Sergio Zeta En momentos en que nuevas masacres se ciernen sobre el pueblo palestino, mientras las bombas caen sobre niñes y adultes en Gaza, mientras se conmemora un nuevo aniversario de la Nakba (catástrofe) –catástrofe que se prolonga en el tiempo y que comenzó mucho antes de 1948–, desde ContrahegemoniaWeb intentamos con este dossier comprender, brindar miradas diferentes y complementarias, intentar encontrar un hilo de racionalidad entre tanto horror. Una racionalidad reñida con la neutralidad y con la pasividad. Porque aspiramos a que el dossier sea una puerta (o ventana) de acceso para vislumbrar miradas que aportan a perspectivas de superación, canales de intervención para quienes ya no soportamos en silencio –palestinxs, judíxs, cualquiera a quienes el sistema no le ha extirpado su humanidad– tanto horror e injusticia que el sionismo y su Frankestein, el Estado de apartheid de Israel, causan al pueblo palestino, sin por eso lograr doblegarlo. La Nakba representa un punto de inflexión en la historia del pueblo palestino, es un momento de quiebre, de ruptura que modificó todos los órdenes de la vida de la sociedad. Pero no es el inicio ni la culminación de ese proceso colonialista, racista, de exterminio y desplazamiento por parte de Israel. Ciertamente es un momento devastador, traumático para el conjunto de la sociedad palestina en la que se ha puesto en marcha un plan de limpieza étnica que tendrá continuidad a lo largo de estos 73 años, un proceso que apelará a las masacres, a la destrucción de centenares de pueblos y aldeas con el exterminio de gran parte de sus habitantes, a la expulsión de su población nativa para convertirla en refugiada, la demolición de hogares desde donde se les saca por la fuerza, la quema de cultivos y de olivos centenarios, el intento de eliminación, ocultamiento y/o negación de todos los registros históricos que den cuenta de la existencia de este pueblo, el intento de extirparles de la memoria colectiva. El proyecto sionista sobre Palestina se va gestando mucho antes de la Primera Guerra Mundial y acaba con la convivencia armónica que hasta entonces predominaba en esas tierras entre judíos, musulmanes y cristianos. El Congreso de Basilea (1897) preanuncia el exilio y la expulsión que luego sobrevendrán, no sin el temor de sectores intelectuales, políticos y campesinos palestines que denuncian, reclaman, advierten el peligro en las diferentes oleadas migratorias de colones judíes que llegan, pero sin lograr poner freno al movimiento sionista. Internamente en Palestina, ya en los estertores del imperio otomano, las formas sociales comunitarias campesinas comienzan a resquebrajarse y una clase de – 5 – La lucha de un pueblo por su liberación notables va adquiriendo grandes extensiones de tierras de campesines empobrecides, mientras hacen negocios desde las ciudades y con occidente, además de ofrecer esos terrenos a colones judíes. El Fondo Nacional Judío será uno de los más beneficiados mientras la tierra, que era un bien comunitario, comienza a ser expropiada y apropiada por los nuevos colonos. El Acuerdo Sykes-Picot (1916) anuncia la forma en que Inglaterra y Francia se repartirán lo que queda del imperio otomano al finalizar la guerra. El capitalismo y el colonialismo europeo avanzan en la zona para mantener cautivos a los pueblos árabes en las fronteras estatales que trazan desde una modernidad eurocéntrica. Les interesaba el control de una región con enormes riquezas hidrocarburíferas, una posición geográfica estratégica para sus planes de dominio, expansión de capitales y mercado para sus productos. El padrinazgo de Inglaterra sobre el movimiento sionista desembocará en la Declaración Balfour (1917), que establece la promesa de entregar una tierra que no le pertenecía a un movimiento político que aspiraba a la construcción de un Estado propio, declarando que la tierra estaba vacía, ignorando a sus verdaderos ocupantes y sus legítimos derechos. Esta Declaración fue el apoyo del que se sirvió el Movimiento sionista para avanzar en sus planes colonizadores. En 1921 quedan delimitadas oficialmente las fronteras del país según intereses imperialistas y, ya bajo mandato británico, les palestines se verán afectades, tanto por el colonialismo británico como por el proyecto sionista que va trazando internamente sus propias fronteras, tan pronto como puede avanzar en su expansionismo, tan pronto como puede transferir propiedades e instalar colonias mientras va expulsando a la población palestina. El sionismo va construyendo su mundo cerrado, una comunidad separatista, fuertemente cohesionada por la religión e ideología, para dar paso apenas pueda a ese Estado-nación étnicamente homogéneo que invisibilizaba a les habitantes de esas tierras bajo el falso lema “una tierra sin pueblo para un pueblo sin tierra”. Pero les
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