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Know Your Heritage Introductory Essays on Primary Sources of Sikhism
KNOW YOUR HERIGAGE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS ON PRIMARY SOURCES OF SIKHISM INSTITUTE OF S IKH S TUDIES , C HANDIGARH KNOW YOUR HERITAGE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS ON PRIMARY SOURCES OF SIKHISM Dr Dharam Singh Prof Kulwant Singh INSTITUTE OF S IKH S TUDIES CHANDIGARH Know Your Heritage – Introductory Essays on Primary Sikh Sources by Prof Dharam Singh & Prof Kulwant Singh ISBN: 81-85815-39-9 All rights are reserved First Edition: 2017 Copies: 1100 Price: Rs. 400/- Published by Institute of Sikh Studies Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Kanthala, Indl Area Phase II Chandigarh -160 002 (India). Printed at Adarsh Publication, Sector 92, Mohali Contents Foreword – Dr Kirpal Singh 7 Introduction 9 Sri Guru Granth Sahib – Dr Dharam Singh 33 Vars and Kabit Swiyyas of Bhai Gurdas – Prof Kulwant Singh 72 Janamsakhis Literature – Prof Kulwant Singh 109 Sri Gur Sobha – Prof Kulwant Singh 138 Gurbilas Literature – Dr Dharam Singh 173 Bansavalinama Dasan Patshahian Ka – Dr Dharam Singh 209 Mehma Prakash – Dr Dharam Singh 233 Sri Gur Panth Parkash – Prof Kulwant Singh 257 Sri Gur Partap Suraj Granth – Prof Kulwant Singh 288 Rehatnamas – Dr Dharam Singh 305 Know your Heritage 6 Know your Heritage FOREWORD Despite the widespread sweep of globalization making the entire world a global village, its different constituent countries and nations continue to retain, follow and promote their respective religious, cultural and civilizational heritage. Each one of them endeavours to preserve their distinctive identity and take pains to imbibe and inculcate its religio- cultural attributes in their younger generations, so that they continue to remain firmly attached to their roots even while assimilating the modern technology’s influence and peripheral lifestyle mannerisms of the new age. -
The Doctrinal Inconsistencies in Dasam Granth : in Relation to Avtarhood(Part I)
The Doctrinal inconsistencies in Dasam Granth : In relation to Avtarhood(Part I) Prof.Gurnam Kaur* (A) Introduction:- This paper is concerned with the authenticity of the compositions included in the Dasam Granth or we can say with the doctrinal inconsistencies in the Dasam Granth in relation to the idea of avtarhood,i.e. incarnation of God in different forms human or any, devi pooja (worship of goddess) shastar as Pir i.e. to worship weapons as the highest spiritual person, bias against unshorn hair, supporting the use of intoxicants and bias against woman. To judge all these things we have to take the help of Sikh tenants and adopt some basic criterion or methodology because these days animated discussions are going on about the Dasam Granth. The text has already been analyzed by known scholars from the historical, religious and theological points of view. Being the student of Sikh philosophy, with due regards to the analysis already done, I will try to analyze the text in the light of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the basic and primary scripture of Sikh religion. No other scripture can be considered equal to it. This is the only Scripture in the history of the world religions which was compiled by its founder Gurus themselves. The fifth Guru Arjan Dev compiled the first recension and installed it at Harmander Sahib on Bhadon sudi. I, 1604 A.D. Bhai Gurdas was the first scribe and Baba Budha Ji was made the first Granthi. Guru Gobind Singh, the Tenth and last physical Guru, added the bani composed by Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Nanak Joti and bestowed 1 Guruship on the Granth before his final departure in samat 1765 from this mundane world. -
Guru Gobind Singh
GURU GOBIND SINGH MADHU KALIMIPALLI Coin depicting Guru Gobind Singh from 1747 CE BIRTH OF GURU GOBIND SINGH • Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1661 - 1708), born "Gobind Rai" at Patna Sahib, Bihar, India, was the tenth and last of the ’Human form of Gurus’ of Sikhism. • He was born to Mata Gujri and Guru Tegh Bahadur Jin in 1661. • He became Guru on November 24, 1675 at the age of nine, following the martyrdom of his father, the ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. GURU GOBIND SINGH LAST OF 10 SIKH GURUS The ten Sikh gurus in order are: • Guru Tegh Bahadur (1665 - 1675). • Guru Nanak (1469 - 1539). ... • Guru Gobind Singh (1675 - 1708). • Guru Angad (1539 - 1552). ... • Guru Amar Das (1552 - 1574). ... • Guru Ram Das (1574 - 1581). ... • Guru Gobind Singh was the last of the • Guru Arjan (1581 - 1606). ... human gurus. He introduced the Khalsa, • Guru Hargobind (1606 - 1644). ... or ‘pure ones’ and the ‘five Ks'. Just before he died in 1708, he proclaimed • Guru Har Rai (1644 - 1661). ... Guru Granth Sahib - the Sikh scripture - • Guru Har Krishan (1661 - 1664). as the future guru. Guru Gobind Singh with his horse LIFE OF GURU GOBIND SINGH • Guru Gobind Singh was a divine messenger, a warrior, a poet, and a philosopher. • He was born to advance righteousness and Dharma , emancipate the good, and destroy all evil-doers. • He molded the Sikh religion into its present shape, with the institution of the Khalsa fraternity, and the completion of the sacred scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji, in the Before leaving his mortal body in 1708, Guru Gobind Singh final form that we see today. -
Authenticity of Standard Version of Dasam Granth: History and Its Text in Literature*
Authenticity of Standard Version of Dasam Granth: History and its Text in Literature* By: Jasbir Singh Mann M.D. Granths with title as Sri Dasam Granth/or Dasam Patshahi Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, also known as Standard Version of Dasam Granth has been seen since 1897 AD in Circulation in Title prints with fixed compositions/contents with and arrangement of contents in 1428 pages, which was published after correction of 32 Granths by a Sodhak committee 1896AD and in Print form since 1900AD. Review of Literature shows no such Granth with Title Sri Dasam Granth or Dasmi Patshahi Ka Granth (with fixed pattern of Compositions/contents and arrangement) was seen in Punjab or Delhi area Sikh institutions in 18th century. Indian sources, Persian sources & over 30 European sources were silent about this Granth during 18th Century. In Literature Title “Dasmi Patshahi Granth” was first time reported by Malcolm in 1810 AD (early 19th century). Then onwards in early 19th century, such Granths started appearing in Sikh institutions in Punjab, initially in hand written Birs and then in print form in 19th century. By 1895AD, over 32 versions, with variable patterns of compositions in hand written birs, including six printed versions were available in Punjab. Sodhak committee prepared final standard version in 1897 AD which has been extensively used in literature during 20th century (1900AD-2000AD). This Granth has always remained controversial among scholars and Sikh community and issues of authenticity of its compositions can be traced during Cunningham during Pre-Singhsabha /Singh Sabha period and from 1947AD onwards till 2013. -
1 UNIT 4 SIKHISM Contents 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2
UNIT 4 SIKHISM Contents 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Origin of Sikh Religion and Gurus 4.3 Sikh Scripture: Guru Granth Sahib 4.4 Teachings of Sikh Religion 4.5 Ethics of Sikhism 4.6 Sikh Institutions 4.7 Sikh Literature 4.8 Let Us Sum Up 4.9 Key Words 4.10 Further Readings and References 4.11 Answers to Check Your Progress 4.0 OBJECTIVES The main objective of this unit is to give an introduction to Sikhism. By the end of this Unit you are expected to understand: • the origin and development of Sikhism through the successive ten Gurus • the structural as well as conceptual framework of the Sikh Scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, and its cosmopolitan vision • the ethical aspects of Sikhism, ethical code of conduct, status of women and contributions of Sikh women to spirituality • the practical implications of Sikh teachings • the role of Sikh institutions • the Sikh ceremonies, rituals and festivals • the Sikh literature and Sikh socio-religious movements 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the history of Punjab, Guru Nanak appeared at a time when there was complete disintegration not only social and political but also moral and spiritual. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion, has presented a microscopic portrayal of society in his compositions. He was totally aware of his surrounding atmosphere, religious as well as non-religious. He condemns the external paraphernalia of religion with all its religious rites, ceremonies, sacrifices, pilgrimages, idol-worship and ascetic practices which enhance human’s ego and deprive one of highest spiritual truths. He denounces the empty religious rituals and reacted strongly against the formal ways of worship of orthodox priestly class of Islam and Hinduism. -
Multiculturalism: Rediscovering the Other from Gurubani
Multiculturalism: Rediscovering the Other from Gurubani Jaspal Kaur ∗∗∗ Like most things in our postmodern world, ‘multiculturalism’ is a contested concept with multiple meanings at different societal levels. Multiculturalism has not yet been fully theorized. In part, the lack of a unifying theory stems from the fact that multiculturalism as a political, social and cultural movement has aimed to respect a multiplicity of diverging perspectives outside of dominant traditions. The task of theorizing these divergent subject positions does not easily accommodate the traditional genre of the philosophical treatise penned by one single great mind. The close attention now being paid to multiculturalism or rather the labelling as multiculturalism of a range of issues relating to ethnicity, religious practice and cultural expressions, at first sight may appear to be a development of the late twentieth century which has arisen both as a consequence of the rapid creation of new nations and the accelerated pace of geographical mobility made possible through advances in transport technology. 1 On closer examination, however, this appearance may be deceptive since though the label and the slant of the discussion may be new, the issues themselves are historically familiar. The mobility of population is as old as the history of humanity itself and states and nations in the past have always had to confront the problems arising from the diversity of groups within one polity. Military conquest and subsequent territorial expansion are the ways most familiar to us through which ethnic groups have spread their cultural influence. ∗ Head, History Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. 1 C.W. Watson, Multiculturalism (New Delhi, 2005), p.87. -
Sri Dasam Granth Sahib Facts Beyond Doubt
Sri Dasam Granth Sahib Facts Beyond Doubt SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI ACADEMY Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy Introduction to Sri Dasam Granth Sahib A journey from the content to the greatest poetry ever written in human history after Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy Index – Jaap Sahib (Ang 1-10) – Rudar Avtar (635-709) – Akal Ustat (11-38) – Shabad Hazare (709-712) – Bachitar Natak (39-73) – 33 Sewaiye (712-716) – Chandi Charitar (74-119) – Khalsa Mahima (716) – Chandi Di Vaar (119-127) – Shastar Nam Mala (717-808) – Gian Perbodh (127-155) – Charitropakhyan (809-1388) – Chaubis Avtar (155-611) – Zafarnama (1389-1394) – Brahma Avtar (611-635) – Hikayat (1394-1428) Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy Jaap Sahib – Jaap Sahib is a morning prayer, composed by Guru Gobind Singh. It is one of 5 Banis that Sikhs are required to recite each day. – 735 names of Almighty in Braj, Sanskrit, Punjabi, Arabic & Persian – Salutation to Almighty – Concludes at Pauri 199 denoting the praises continues endlessly. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy Akal Ustat – The title is uniquely derived from initiation to the conclusion of the composition – "Akal" means "timeless primal being" and the word "Ustat" (from the Sanskrit word 'stuti') means "praise". So together, the words "Akal Ustat" mean "the praise of the Timeless One". In it, Guru Gobind Singh writes that Almighty is worshipped by various peoples in many different ways, and with varying names and methods: Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy Akal Ustat - 2 – The scripture is notable for its unalloyed disavowal of the caste system, and of cultural elitism in general. -
Guru Gobind Singh Ji) Other Books by the Same Author on Religious Philosophy and History: 1
BED TIME STORIES-1 (Guru Gobind Singh Ji) Other books by the same author on religious philosophy and history: 1. Hindu Sikh Slkhia (Panjabi) I8BN 1 872580 00 9 2. Hindu Sikh Sikhi· (Hindi) I8BN 1 872580 01 7 3. Sach Sunai Si 8ach Ki Bela (Panjabi) ISBN 1 872580 05 X 4. Tales of Truth (English) ' (Sikh Martyrs) ISBN 1 872580 06 8 5. Bed Time Storie»-1 (Panjabi-EngUsh) (Guru Gobind Singh Ji) ISBN 1 872580 20 3 6. Bed Time Stories-2 (Panjabi-Bnglish) (Guru Nanak Dev Ji) ISBN 1 872580 21 1 7. Bed Time Storie·-3 (Panjabi-English) (Guru Arjan Dev Ji) ISBN 1 872580 22 X 8. Bed Time Stories*4 (Panjabi-English) (Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji) ISBN 1 872580 23 8 9. Bed Time Storie·-5 (Panjabi-English) (Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Das· Ji and Guru Ram Das· Jl) ISBN 1 872580 24 6 10. Bed Time 8torie·-6 (Panjabi-English) (Guru Hargobind Ji, Guru Har Ral Ji and Guru Har Kri·han Ji) ISBN 1 872580 25 4 11. Bed Time Storie·-7 (Panjabi-English) (Sikh Martyr») ISBN 1 872580 96 2 12. Bed Time Storle·-8 (Panjabi-English) (Khalsa Raj) ISBN 1 872580 27 0 13. Bed Time Storie·-9 (PanJabi-EngUsh) (Sikh Warriors) ISBN 1 872580 28 9 14. Bed Time Storie·-10(Panjabl-Engli·h) (Honoured Saints) ISBN 1 872560 29 7 “Bed Time Stories written by Santokh Singh Jagdev in two languages have been quite successful in conveying the message of Guru Nanak to the Western world which includes our children also.” —The Council of Sikh Gurdwaras in Birmingham, England. -
DASAM GRANTH – It’S History
DASAM GRANTH – It’s History - Daljeet Singh INTRODUCTION Since the time of the writings or pothis, to be later compiled and called the Granth of the Tenth Master, were originally found, there has been a controversy about their authorship, authenticity and historicity. Very few persons have made a serious study about their genuineness. The issue is important, and writers like O'Connell and others have often made accusations like: "A conspicuous deficiency already mentioned is the general reluctance to grapple effectively with the Dasam Granth. The period whence it comes is absolutely crucial, and until it is adequately treated, we shall continue to grope in our efforts to trace the course of Sikh history or development of Sikh tradition." It is, therefore, necessary to assess the veracity of facts, and to indicate the probabilities of the issue, so that it is understood in its right academic perspective. HISTORY - 18TH CENTURY CHHIBBER'S STORY Most of the evidence about the present work called 'Dasam Granth' is negative. The earliest reference about some writings by the Tenth Master is by Chhibber in his Bansavalinama . Contemporary historians of the period of Guru Gobind Singh like Sainapat, Bhai Nand Lal, Chaupa Singh, Sewadas, Koer Singh or Bhai Mani Singh, make no mention of the Dasam Granth or any such writing of that period. This negative evidence is quite significant and strong. For example, had there been any compilation like the Dasam Granth, these contemporary chroniclers could never have failed to mention it. The first reference to some writings by the Tenth Guru is in Chhibber's Bansavalinama written 71 years after the Guru's demise. -
DASAM GRANTH All
DASAM GRANTH All. Introductory Study by Dr. Sukhbir Singh Kapoor Vice Chanceller World Sikh University London Mrs. Mohinder Kaur Kapoor •.J.. Hemkunt Page 1 www.sikhbookclub.com ~---------------~----------- © Hemkunt Publishers (P) Ltd. First Published 2003 Reprinted 2009 ISBN: 81-7010-325-6 Publishedby: Hemkunt Publishers (P) Ltd. A-78 Naraina Indl. Area Phase I, New Delhi-28 Tel. 4141-2083.2579-5079 Fax 91-11-4540-4165 E-mail: [email protected] www.hemkuntpublishers.com Printed at: Process Press, D-20, South Extension-I, New Delhi- I 10049 Page 2 www.sikhbookclub.com Introduction to the First Edition The compilation ofthis book is a dream come true. We know that writing about the Dasam Granth is a very sentimental, delicate and emotional issue, but we have ventured to present to readers something, in our own style, which has not been presented in this format before. We have not gone into the controversy ofestablishing the authorship ofthe Granth. It is a valuable treatise, and in absence ofany solid evidence to prove or disapprove its authorship, let us evalu ate it as a Book. We are thankful to Dr. S.S. Kohli and Dr. Jodh Singh for the use ofEnglish translation ofa few selected compositions used in the book. Our thanks are also due to Ms. Poonam Kapoor for her help to complete this book in its present format. 23 rd January 2004 Dr. Sukhbir Singh Kapoor Mrs. Mohinder Kaur Kapoor Introduction to the Second Edition I am very thankful to my readers for appreciating my attempt to produce a book on Dasam Granth amongst floods ofcontroversies. -
KIRPAL SINGH >»*, • Tit:;-■ U-.Y Prof, Incharge IP
Aiti / < < 9 ) * > ‘S'M: ARAL SAHAI • 'if h M ti.il • FL V** • [vf; f »i T I * I CATALOGUE 4’>1* V's., 7i*'r p \t / OF 1. ' * i f-} P'*><1j P4//V.//181 AND URDU MANUSCRIPTS s . • i ' i • *m^H«I’M i »! pj i. : ■; r g n wj< .« ^ 44 tt4/Jl It * +r ' v t 4f V. * - ’ !: ? V5 fvV*-’* ./v\ v,/>* KW"'-' lit N*! *•” ’«I4 J -Ilf \ 4 *f,*• v >1. 6 !*. 'i'k . K f ’z* v isr - .*£*&/?/1 f ✓ l, . -*• > - r j t 'i. - |MiM BY '*»]•*< H ,f► • drd i-r ti El# < KIRPAL SINGH >»*, • Tit:;-■ U-.y Prof, Incharge IP. I Sikh History Research Department ’/!4 I I|#. ■* f.»" 1««i .i22Z * < i 'i * a»ii IB] 14! 1^0r ♦ ?4 r5*#< $t# ♦ < :\t lii f * r .v t - r rM ‘ I JC SB, 4 Published by S ' #• 9 SIKH HISTORY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, ,i KHALSA COLLEGE, AMRITSAR. 1 9 6 3 •r* «*//. •, „t * t. P r ic e R s . 6 -0 0 n P. >4? /SKil tJ-T :.;y » . ' , • 4 **ifm ' *U" :* V# i4 t * * / •? ARAL SAHAI ” A Catalogue of Punjabi and Urdu Manuscripts in the Sikh History Research Department VPT1L M ARC H 31, 1963 KIRPAL SINGH Prof. Incharge Sikh History Research Department. Published by SIKH HISTORY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, KHALSA COLLEGE, AMRITSAR. 1963 / Author : PROF. KIRPAL SINGH Publisher : PROF. KIRPAL SINGH for The Sikh History Research Department Khalsa College, Amritsar. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED t % Printers PIONEER PRESS, Hall Bazar, Amritsar. The Management of the Khalsa College, Amritsar, has been running the Sikh History Research Department since last thirty two years. -
Invasion of Religious Boundaries
Introduction When Guru Nanak in his mystic trance was honoured by cosmic enlightenment, he, challenged the prevailing status quo by saying “I am neither a Hindu or a Musalmann”. The founder of Sikh religion created a multitude of enemies who went into “cognitive dissonance” and reacted very sharply to Sikhism as an independent religion. Historically speaking a positively actualized and evolved Sikh of Guru Nanak’s times, or Guru Gobind Singh’s Khalsa, has been enigma to the role dancing, docile, linear, convergent, myopic, “instrumental” Sikh researchers. H. Oberoi is one such pseudo-Sikh who has chosen to follow blindly Trumpp-McLeodian paradigms to make a living as a professor at the cost of a troubled Sikh community. Sikhs had many enemies. The Mughal rulers, the enemies within, the close minded Arya Samajists, and finally the Eurocentric Colonial Missionary Research Scholars, have all taken sadistic pleasure in destroying Sikhism. These scholars, with their role dancing disciples, want to bring correctness to Sikh history. They use social science methods, developed in Europe, to understand Sikh Gurus and their mystic writings. Calvinistic thought and an arrogant belief in the inferiority of Asian religions, is at the root of their Euro centric research. Oberoi’s work, under cover of Academic Freedom, forgets all norms of civility, and even tramples over the guidelines set by Social Science Research Council of Canada (1993). Dr Oberoi is a willing victim of “scholarly”, unsubstantiated arrogance when he calls Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib an amorphous collated anthology without uniqueness. Clumsy distortions, mindless anthropological constructions and assumptions, producing ig-nominious forged postures, sacrilegious statements about mystic Gurus, effectless effort of a bland, blunted, unattached, constricted, shallow, pathetic Oberoi has produced a disjointed cynical, conscienceless and unscrupulous book called “Construction of Religious Boundaries” to attack the independent Sikh Identity.