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A Needs Analysis for Entrepreneurship Education in Selected High Schools in Libreville, Gabon

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A Needs Analysis for Entrepreneurship Education in Selected High Schools in Libreville, Gabon A NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOLS IN LIBREVILLE, GABON by JENNY GEORGETTE PAMBAULT ENOMBO Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master Technology: Business Administration (Entrepreneurship) in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Prof. Salochana Lorraine Hassan Co Supervisor: Prof. Chux Gervase Iwu Cape Town Date: September 2015 CPUT copyright information The thesis may not be published either in part (in scholarly, scientific or technical journals), or as a whole (as a monograph), unless permission has been obtained from the University. DECLARATION I, Jenny Georgette Pambault Enombo, declare that the contents of this thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Signed Date JGPE_ full research thesis i ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the need for entrepreneurship education in developing countries, more specifically in Libreville, Gabon. This research followed a mixed method. Quantitative data were collected by means of closed-ended questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected using individual face-to-face interviews. A sample of 150 pupils/students, six teachers and three principals from three selected institutions in Libreville was selected. Furthermore, a member of the Ministry of Education of Gabon was interviewed. The findings indicate that though there is an understanding of entrepreneurship education in Libreville, teaching of the actual subject entrepreneurship is required. The majority of participants agreed that entrepreneurship education should be included in the school curriculum, and that there was need for teachers training. The lack of entrepreneurship education in schools in Libreville, Gabon, is mainly because an entrepreneurial mindset does not seem to exist. This research is important in the sense that it creates an awareness of entrepreneurship education and business creation in Libreville, which should serve as a major boost to the economy of Gabon. JGPE_ full research thesis ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank: Jesus Christ. Thank you Lord. Without you I would certainly never have finished this programme; my supervisor, Professor Salochana Lorraine Hassan, for her time, guidance and extraordinary patience with me, and my co-supervisor, Professor Chux Gervase Iwu, for his encouragement and faith in me; my family, for their love and support; my friends, who have always been there for me; All the participants in this study and my pastor, mentor, and teacher, Pastor John Anosike, as well as Pastor Ola Anosike – thank you papa and mama for your prayers and encouragement. JGPE_ full research thesis iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Jean Louis Pambo Enombo and Anne Otsoula epouse Pambo Enombo. JGPE_ full research thesis iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ xiv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Contextual background ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Literature review .................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Overview of unemployment in Gabon ................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Overview of youth unemployment in Gabon/ Overview of the Gabonese economy ........... 6 1.3.3 The concept of entrepreneurship ....................................................................................... 7 1.3.4 Contribution of entrepreneurship to the development of an economy ................................ 7 1.3.5 Entrepreneurship education .............................................................................................. 7 1.4 Needs analysis ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Methods of needs analysis ................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Background to the problem .................................................................................................10 1.6 Statement of the problem ....................................................................................................11 1.7 Research question ..............................................................................................................11 1.7.1 Research sub-questions ...................................................................................................11 JGPE_ full research thesis v 1.7.2 Aim of the research ..........................................................................................................11 1.8 Objectives of the study ........................................................................................................11 1.8.1 Specific objectives ............................................................................................................12 1.9 Significance of the study .....................................................................................................12 1.10 Theoretical framework .......................................................................................................12 1.11 Research methodology .....................................................................................................13 1.11.1 Quantitative study ..........................................................................................................13 1.11.2 Qualitative study .............................................................................................................14 1.11.3 Population ......................................................................................................................15 1.11.4 Sampling and size ..........................................................................................................15 1.11.5 Methods .........................................................................................................................15 1.11.7 Primary data sources .....................................................................................................16 1.11.8 Secondary data sources .................................................................................................16 1.12 Analysis of data .................................................................................................................16 1.13 Definition of terms .............................................................................................................17 1.14 Summary...........................................................................................................................17 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................19 2.2 Factors at micro level constraining the implementation of entrepreneurship education (EE) in schools ..........................................................................................................................20 2.2.1 Personality traits for entrepreneurs...................................................................................20 JGPE_ full research thesis vi 2.3 Factors at meso level constraining the implementation of entrepreneurship education (EE) in schools ..........................................................................................................................22 2.3.1 Methodology for teaching entrepreneurship education .....................................................26 2.3.2 Entrepreneurship teaching approaches ............................................................................26 2.3.3 Content that should be covered ........................................................................................27 2.4 Factors at macro level constraining the implementation of entrepreneurship education (EE) in schools ..........................................................................................................................27 2.5 Relationship between entrepreneurship education in schools and potential job creation .....28 2.5.1 Entrepreneurship education .............................................................................................28 2.5.2 Entrepreneurship education in high school .......................................................................30 2.5.3 Importance
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