The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP)
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The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) 2005 External Evaluation Report June 2005 This publication was produced for United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by: Dely Gapasin, John Cherry, John Gilbert, Ron Gibbons, Geoff Hildebrand, Darrell Nelson, Howard Valentine and Handy Williamson – Members of the Peanut CRSP External Evaluation Panel. DISCLAIMER The Authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Table of Contents Acronyms 1 Executive Summary 2 Main Report 9 I Introduction 9 1.1 Achievements of Peanut CRSP Goals 9 1.2 Program Focus, Budget, and Projects 10 1.3 Geographic Focus 10 1.4 External Evaluation Process and Panel 11 II Key Outputs, Findings, and Observations 11 2.1 Food safety and Nutrition Research 11 2.2 Production Efficiency Research 14 2.3 Socio-Economics and Policy Research 16 2.4 Post-harvest and Utilization Research 18 2.5 Information, Technology Transfer, and Program Management 20 III Research Benefits and Impacts 22 3.1 Benefits and Impacts in the Host Countries 22 3.2 Benefits and Impacts in the United States 25 3.3 Gender Considerations and Impacts 26 IV Lessons Learned and Sustainability 28 V Key Conclusions 30 VI Recommendations and Future Directions 31 6.1 Key Recommendations 31 6.2 Next Steps 31 VII List of Annex Tables 33 VIII List of Annexes 34 Annex Tables 35 Annex 1-7 56 1The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program is Supported by USAID Grant LAG –G-00-96-90013-00 Participants in the program include: Auburn University, Florida A&M, North Carolina A&T University, North Carolina State University, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, University of Alabama (Birmingham, University of Connecticut, University of Florida, University of Georgia, University of Wisconsin (Madison) and Virginia Tech The Peanut CRSP Office is contracted at: 1109 Experiment St,. Griffin, Ga 30223 Email: [email protected] Phone: 770 228 7312 Web: http://www.griffin.uga.edu/pnutcrsp.html The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program External Evaluation Panel 2005 Report Acronyms AARP American Association of Retired Persons ANAPO La Asociación Nacional de Productores de Oleaginosas y Triga (of Bolivia) BIFAD Board for International Food and Agriculture Development CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (of the U.S.A.) CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement or Centre for International Cooperation for Agricultural Research for Development (of France) CRSP Collaborative Research Support Program EEP External Evaluation Panel ENEA l'Ecole Nationale d'Economie Appliquee (of Senegal) EU European Union FDA Food and Drug Administration (of the United States.) H.B.C.U Historically Black Colleges and Universities H.C. Host Country HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IPM Integrated Pest Management MDG Millennium Development Goal ME Management Entity (of the Peanut CRSP) M.S. Master of Science degree NARS National Agricultural Research Centers NGO No-Governmental Organization Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy degree PIIM Peanut Industry Incubator Model P.I. Principal Investigator SCR Southern Corn Rootworm TSWV Two spotted wilt virus U.S.A./U.S. United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development USDA United States Department of Agriculture WHO World Health Organization - 1 - Peanut CRSP External Evaluation Report 2005 ANNEX TABLES The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program External Review Panel Report 2001-2005 The Mission: Economic and social advancement through development of sustainable, environment- and health-protecting peanut-based industries in developing countries and the U.S.A. Executive Summary The External Evaluation Panel (EEP) of the Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) has reviewed the program’s achievements and impact, focusing on the last five years. Based on documented results and field visits the EEP concludes that the Peanut CRSP has: • been a highly effective and innovative program; • made a difference in the lives of many beneficiaries and increased the institutional and human capacity of its partner research institutions (particularly in Africa where economic advancement has been elusive); • through open competition involved many US Universities including two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU); • produced advanced technologies that are likely to provide realizable and affordable health benefits to developing countries by reducing impaired nutrition and infectious diseases; • developed an industry incubator model for trade and enterprise development and facilitated partnership with the private sector; • developed successful production technologies which have been adapted and transferred to improve incomes of farmers especially in Africa and Latin America; and • helped realize the mission of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of reduced poverty, greater gender equity, improved environment, and increased access to trade and partnerships. - 2 - Peanut CRSP External Evaluation Executive Summary 1 Introduction Impacts, achievements and mechanisms for The current Peanut CRSP Grant began in 1996 technology transfer within the five thematic with program adjustments made in 2001 based cluster areas were identified and evaluated for on the 2000 EEP Review. The Peanut CRSP uses their importance in the host countries and the a value-chain approach developed around five U.S.A., and for the benefits to women who are thematic or cluster areas: (1) Food Safety and most often peanut farmers and village level or Nutrition; (2) Production Efficiency; (3) Socio- small-scale peanut-food processors. These economics and Policy; (4) Post-Harvest and impacts and achievements are summarized as Utilization; and (5) Information, Training and follows. Technology Transfer and Management. Program content assured that the Title XII 2 Food Safety and Nutrition expectations of impact in the host (developing) Research countries with benefits to the United States (U.S.A.) would be achieved. Plans were Specialized clay (NovaSil™) that is highly developed to resolve major constraints to the adsorptive of aflatoxins in the digestive tract of host countries and U.S.A. peanut sector and to the animal was found in earlier Peanut CRSP ensure that social and gender issues were research. NovaSil as a feed additive (0.25% of addressed. the feed) binds aflatoxin and prevents adsorption, metabolism, and subsequent This 2004-2005 review concluded that the aflatoxicosis in animals. Research to transfer Peanut CRSP had been highly effective in this to human application was added in this developing technologies through research in the phase1. A study showed that lifetime exposure five thematic/cluster areas, and the technologies to NovaSil was harmless to rats. Based on these transferred to farmers, entrepreneurs, and key results, a human study was conducted in the stakeholders have resulted in significant impacts U.S.A. that showed no adverse nutritional in the host countries and the U.S.A. The Master effects from consuming the clay. The program of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy has started to collect data on human safety and (Ph.D.) degree training, short-term training of to test the efficacy of NovaSil in people in host country scientists, and training of peanut Ghana, who are naturally exposed to high levels farmers, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders of aflatoxin. Necessary Ghanaian Governmental was important to technology transfer and is a clearances have been obtained. major impact of the program. Institutional capacity has been developed. Information was Levels of aflatoxin biomarkers in the blood, made available worldwide through various rates of both hepatitis B and C infections, and media. Web-based program and fiscal immunity indicators were measured for people management has been efficient and cost- in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. This study effective. established a baseline of aflatoxin exposure, and is the first study in the world that measured by flow-cytometry cellular immune status in relation to aflatoxin levels. Data on the 1 Estimates of human exposure are that 4.5 billion people experience uncontrolled exposure to aflatoxin in developing countries. While widely recognized as a trade barrier and cause of cancer this toxin also suppresses immunity and impairs nutrition and through these mechanisms can be logically connected to 44% of the burden of disease in these countries (Williams et al. 2004. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1106-22). - 3 - Peanut CRSP External Evaluation Executive Summary proportions of leukocytes and the deficiencies 3 Production Efficiency Research in subsets of lymphocytes and monocytes, and in monocyte function are the first evidence of Significant impacts were achieved in peanut the association of high aflatoxin exposure levels variety development. In Uganda and Malawi, the with these types of immune impairment in National Agricultural Research Programs humans. released rosette-resistant, short-season . cultivars bred by the International Crops Peanut CRSP research on dietary intervention Research Institute for the Semi-Arid