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INTERNATIONAL TURFGRASS SOCIETY RESEARCH JOURNAL VOLUME 10, PART 1 i INTERNATIONAL TURFGRASS SOCIETY RESEARCH JOURNAL VOLUME 10 2005 Editor-in-chief Daniel Thorogood Editors W.A. Adams M.A. Fidanza F.S. Rossi D.E. Aldous R.E. Gaussoin R.E. Schmidt S.W. Baker R.J. Gibbs A.S. Schoeman J.B. Beard G.W. Griffith J. Scullion S.A. Bonos M.P. Kenna R.C. Shearman L.A. Brilman R.L. Mann J.M. van Huylenbroek R.N. Carrow P.A. Nektarios A.W. Vickers T.K. Danneberger A.J. Newell P. Vittum Editorial Assistant J. A. Lovatt PART ONE RESEARCH PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TURFGRASS RESEARCH CONFERENCE, LLANDUDNO, WALES, U.K. 10-15 JULY 2005 iii The editors gratefully acknowledge the following scientists who served as reviewers for the papers published in this volume: Trygve Aaamlid, Norway Tony Field, NZ Albrecht Koppenhoffer, Bridget Ruemmele, USA Bill Adams, UK Jack Fry, USA USA CH Scholtz, SA Ian Armstead, UK Alan Gange, UK Jeffrey Krans, USA John Scullion, UK Bruce Augustin, USA Richard Gibbs, NZ Peter Landschoot, USA Robert Shearman, USA Joost Baert, Belgium Michael Goatley, USA Soren Ugilt Larsen, USA Pam Sherratt, USA Nick Bailey, Australia Ryan Goss, USA Rick Latin, USA Aileen Smith, UK Reed Barker, USA P Govender, SA David Lawson, UK David Smitley, USA Louise Barton, Australia Andy Gregory, UK Peter Leeds-Harrison, UK John Sorochan, USA Fred Baxendale, USA Gareth Griffiths, UK Bernd Leinauer, USA Gwen Stahnke, USA Greg Bell, USA Beth Guertal, USA Malcolm Leitch, UK John Stier, USA Ugur Bilgili, Turkey Karl Guillard, USA Deying Li, USA Larry Stowell, USA Daniel Bowman, USA David Han, USA Haibo Liu, USA Anne Streich, USA Rick Brandenburg, USA Mike Hann, USA Don Loch, Australia Michael Sullivan, USA Bruce Branham, USA Hanna, USA James MacDuff, UK Charles Taliafero, USA Dale Bremer, USA Ali Harivandi, USA Ruth Mann, UK Leon Terry, UK Art Bruneau, USA Jim Harris, UK Bruce Martin, USA Danny Thorogood, UK Graeme Buchan, NZ Stephen Hart, USA Alex Martin, USA Russ Tillman, NZ Hikmet Budak, USA Neil Heckman, USA Dennis Martin, USA Ned Tisserat, USA Suleiman Bughrara, USA John Hedger, UK Keith McAuliffe, NZ Lane Tredway, USA Philip Busey, USA David Held, USA Andrew McNitt, USA Lesley Turner, UK Mike Casler, USA Paul Heller, USA Peter McSweeney, Australia Bryan Unruh, USA David Casnoff, USA Brad Hillman, USA William Meyer, USA Johan Van Huylenbroeck, Nick Christians, USA Brian Horgan, USA Grady Miller, USA Belgium Chris Clegg, UK David Hornby, UK Eric Miltner, USA Alex Vickers, UK Brent Clothier, NZ Garald Horst, USA David Minner, USA Paul Vincelli, USA Philip Colbaugh, USA Tom Hsiang, Canada Nathaniel Mitkowski, USA Pat Vittum, USA Geoff Connellan, Australia Will Hudson, USA James Murphy, USA Tom Voigt, USA Roger Cook, UK David Huff, USA Panayiotis Nektarios, Greece Scott Warnke, USA Richard Cooper, USA Richard Hull, USA John Neylan, Australia Eric Watkins, USA William Crow, USA Richard Hurley, USA Thomas Nikolai, USA James Welsh, USA Steve Cuttle, UK Gordon Jaaback, USA Jeff Nus, USA Stefaan Werbrouck, Belgium Lawrence Datnoff, USA Iain James, USA Mike O’Dougherty, UK Henry Wetzel, USA Jan De Riek, Belgium Bill Johnson, USA Mercy Olmstead, USA Richard White, USA Pierre Debergh, Belgium Paul Johnson, USA Andrew Owen, UK Donald White, USA Peter Dernoeden, USA Geunhwa Jung, USA Charles Peacock, USA Robert Wick, USA William Dest, USA John Kaminski, USA Martin Petrovic, USA David Williams, USA Dale Devitt, USA Brady Kappler, USA Daniel Potter, USA Chris Williamson, USA Iain Donnison, UK Doug Karcher, USA A.J. Powell, USA Terry Woodcock, Australia Marc Dresser, UK Steven Keeley, USA Rongda Qu, USA Martin Wrigley, NZ Richard Earl, USA Kevin King, USA JA Reinert, USA Jiang Zhongchun, USA Kate Entwistle, UK John Klug, SA Mike Richardson, USA Barbara Zilinskas, USA Kimberly Erusha, USA David Kopec, USA Craig Ross, NZ iv All papers published in this volume of The International Turfgrass Society Research Journal have been refereed and subject to editing to adhere, as far as possible, to international standards of units, nomenclature and reference citation. Papers in this Journal are published without liability for any loss or damage suffered as a result of their application or use. References to trade names and proprietary products are not to be construed as constituting an endorsement or criticism of the named products, nor is any criticism implied of similar products which are not mentioned. Opinions, statements, and conclusions expressed in the papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Turfgrass Society. The International Turfgrass Society thank the Institute of Groundsmanship, Milton Keynes, UK. for its contribution to editorial costs. Copyright © 2005 by International Turfgrass Society All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the International Turfgrass Society. Editor, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystywth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, United Kingdom. v Table of Contents PART ONE SECTION 1 INVITED PAPERS Baker, S. W., and Woollacott, A. R. COMPARISON OF THE PLAYING PERFORMANCE OF THIRD GENERA- TION ARTIFICIAL GRASS WITH NATURAL TURF USED FOR PROFESSIONAL SOCCER .......................... 15 McNitt, A.S. SYNTHETIC TURF IN THE USA - TRENDS AND ISSUES .............................................................. 27 McCarty, L. B., and Tucker, B. J. PROSPECTS FOR MANAGING TURF WEEDS WITHOUT PROTECTIVE CHEMICALS .................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Potter, D. A. PROSPECTS FOR MANAGING DESTRUCTIVE TURFGRASS INSECTS WITHOUT PROTEC- TIVE CHEMICALS .......................................................................................................................................................... 42 Petrovic, M., and Easton, Z. M. THE ROLE OF TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT IN THE WATER QUALITY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 55 INVITED PLENARY PAPER Beard, J. B, and Beard, H. J. TURFGRASS CULTURE EVOLUTION AT THE ST. ANDREWS GOLF LINKS... 70 SECTION 2 CONSERVATION/ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Kopp, K. L., and Guillard, K. CLIPPING CONTRIBUTIONS TO NITRATE LEACHING FROM CREEPING BENTGRASS UNDER VARYING IRRIGATION AND N RATES ............................................................................. 80 Boniak, R., and Chong, S.-K. NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LEACHING IN GOLF GREEN SAND ROOTZONE MIXES AMENDED WITH VARIOUS ORGANIC MATERIALS ....................................................... 86 Henry, J. M., Wegulo, S. N., Gibeault, V. A., and Autio, R. TURFGRASS PERFORMANCE WITH REDUCED IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION .................................................................................................. 93 Holl, F.B., Aldous, D.E., and Neylan, J.J. EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON MICROBIAL COMMU- NITY ACTIVITY IN SAND-BASED GREENS ............................................................................................................102 Kostka, S. J., and Bially, P. T. SYNERGISTIC SURFACTANT INTERACTIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF HYDROPHILICITY IN WATER REPELLENT SOILS ............................................................................................. 108 Park, D. M., Cisar, J. L., McDermitt, D. K., Williams, K. E., Haydu, J. J., and Miller, W. P. USING RED AND INFRARED REFLECTANCE AND VISUAL OBSERVATION TO MONITOR TURF QUALITY AND WATER STRESS IN SURFACTANT-TREATED BERMUDAGRASS UNDER REDUCED IRRIGATION ........................115 Easton, Z. M., Petrovic, A. M., Lisk, D. J., and Larsson-Kovach, I.-M. HILLSLOPE POSITION EFFECT ON NUTRIENT AND PESTICIDE RUNOFF FROM TURFGRASS ..............................................................................121 Rosen, C. J., and Horgan, B. P. REGULATION OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER APPLICATION TO TURF IN MINNESOTA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................130 Stier, J. C., Walston, A., and Williamson, R. C. HERBICIDE RUNOFF FROM SIMULATED LAWN AND DRIVEWAY SURFACES ...............................................................................................................................................136 Cisar, J. L., Snyder, G. H., Haydu, J. J., Park, D. M., and Williams, K. E. AN EVALUATION OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON BERMUDAGRASS COLOR, CLIPPINGS, AND NITROGEN RELEASE .....................................144 vi SECTION 3 DISEASES (PLANT PATHOLOGY) Bransgrove, K. L. WARM-SEASON TURFGRASS DISEASES IN AUSTRALIA ...................................................152 Brede, A. D. NECROTIC RING SPOT AND TURF QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVAR AND SPECIES MIXTURES ......................................................................................................................156 Burpee, L. L. SENSITIVITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA TO PHOSPHONATE FUNGICIDES .. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................163 Colbaugh, P. F., Williams, E. A., McAfee, J. A., and Heitholt, J. J. USE OF SPHAGNUM PEAT MOSS TOPDRESSING