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The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing: Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America / by Jeffrey A

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The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing: Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America / by Jeffrey A The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing This book places the 1916 San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing within the broader context of American radicalism and isolationism during the Progressive Era. A concise narrative and key primary docu- ments offer readers an introduction to this episode of domestic violence and the subsequent, sensationalized trial that followed. The dubious conviction of a local labor organizer raised serious questions about polit- ical extremism, pluralistic ideals, and liberty in the United States that continue to resonate in the twenty-first century. Jeffrey A. Johnson is Professor of History and Director of the American Studies Program at Providence College in Rhode Island, USA. Critical Moments in American History Edited by William Thomas Allison, Georgia Southern University, USA A full list of titles in this series is available at: www.routledge.com/ Critical-Moments-in-American-History/book-series/CRITMO The Emergence of Rock and Roll Music and the Rise of American Youth Culture Mitchell K. Hall Transforming Civil War Prisons Lincoln, Lieber, and the Politics of Captivity Paul J. Springer and Glenn Robins The Battle of Fort Sumter The First Shots of the American Civil War Wesley Moody The WPA Creating Jobs and Hope in the Great Depression Sandra Opdycke The California Gold Rush The Stampede that Changed the World Mark Eifler Bleeding Kansas Slavery, Sectionalism, and Civil War on the Missouri-Kansas Border Michael E. Woods The Marshall Plan A New Deal for Europe Michael Holm The Espionage and Sedition Acts World War I and the Image of Civil Liberties Mitchell Newton-Matza McCarthyism The Realities, Delusions and Politics Behind the 1950s Red Scare Jonathan Michaels Three Mile Island The Meltdown Crisis and Nuclear Power in American Culture Grace Halden The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America Jeffrey A. Johnson The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America Jeffrey A. Johnson First published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Taylor & Francis The right of Jeffrey A. Johnson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Johnson, Jeffrey A., 1976- author. Title: The 1916 preparedness day bombing: anarchy and terrorism in progressive era America / by Jeffrey A. Johnson. Description: 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, [2017] | Series: Critical moments in American history | Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: LCSH: Bombings—California—San Francisco— History—20th century. | World War, 1914–1918—Protest movements—California—San Francisco. | Terrorism—California— San Francisco—History—20th century. | Trials (Murder)— California—San Francisco—History—20th century. | Progressivism (United States politics)—History—20th century. Classification: LCC HV6432.44.S36 (ebook) | LCC HV6432.44.S36 J64 2017 (print) | DDC 363.32509794/6109041—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017008672 ISBN: 978-1-138-67282-6 ISBN: 978-1-138-67283-3 ISBN: 978-1-315-56232-2 Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra Visit the companion website: www.routledgetextbooks.com/ textbooks/_author/criticalmoments-9781138672833/ For Dena This page intentionally left blank Contents Series Introduction ix Acknowledgments x Timeline xii Introduction 1 1 “Perpetuated Hatred and Suspicion”: Labor and Capital at Odds 4 2 “The Wrath of Man”: Anarchism Comes to the United States 24 3 “Assassins, Murderers, Conspirators”: The March of Progressive Era Radicalism and Violence 39 4 “The Road to Universal Slaughter” and “This Dastardly Act”: The Preparedness Debate and Bombing 57 5 “The Fanatic Demon”: The Manhunt 76 6 “The Act of One Is the Act of All”: The Trials 91 viii Contents 7 “Fighting Anarchists of America”: The Attacks of 1919 and 1920, and the Mooney Defense Onward 118 Epilogue 149 Documents 155 Bibliography 185 Index 193 Series Introduction Welcome to the Routledge Critical Moments in American History series. The purpose of this new series is to give students a window into the historian’s craft through concise, readable books by leading scholars, who bring together the best scholarship and engaging primary sources to explore a critical moment in the American past. In discovering the principal points of the story in these books, gaining a sense of histo- riography, following a fresh trail of primary documents, and exploring suggested readings, students can then set out on their own journey, to debate the ideas presented, interpret primary sources, and reach their own conclusions— just like the historian. A critical moment in history can be a range of things—a pivotal year, the pinnacle of a movement or trend—or important events such as the passage of a piece of legislation, an election, a court decision, or a battle. It can be social, cultural, political, or economic. It can be heroic or tragic. Whatever they are, such moments are, by definition, “game changers,” momentous changes in the pattern of the American fabric and paradigm shifts in the American experience. Many of the critical moments explored in this series are familiar; some are less so. There is no ultimate list of critical moments in American history— any group of students, historians, or other scholars may come up with a different catalog of topics. These differences of view, however, are what make history itself and the study of history so important and so fascinat- ing. Therein can be found the utility of historical inquiry—to explore, to challenge, to understand, and to realize the legacy of the past through its influence of the present. It is the hope of this series to help students realize this intrinsic value of our past and of studying our past. William Thomas Allison Georgia Southern University, USA Acknowledgments Research and writing can be a lonely pursuit, but many colleagues, family members, and friends were instrumental in this happening. My only fear here is mistakenly forgetting anyone who was helpful along the way. In early 2015, I was invited to share early and brief parts of this work at the Newberry Library’s Seminar in labor history. The chair of the session Liesl Orenic, the attendees, and certainly the two commentators, Peter Cole and Kevin Boyle, all offered friendly and useful observations. That feedback and conversation were simply invaluable to the way I thought about the project. I had the great fortune of being able, in part due to financial support, to visit a number of archives to explore this story. Thanks to the gracious support of a James and Sylvia Thayer Fellowship at UCLA, I worked closely with materials at the Charles Young Research Library. The collections and the staff there as well as at the University of California’s Bancroft Library, the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, and the Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan all provided critical materials. Providence College was very supportive of my research, financially and otherwise. I received funding from its Committee on Aid to Faculty Research to travel to the three aforementioned archives and the Faculty Conference Fund to support the project. My Dean Sheila Adamus Liotta and Provost Hugh Lena both kindly supported this research and proj- ect. Thanks also to my Providence history colleagues Steve Smith for looking at the early book proposal and Jen Illuzzi for her translation assistance. Finally, during this project, two department chairs, Margaret Manchester and Ray Sickinger, have afforded me teaching schedules that allowed time for writing, and I am grateful. Acknowledgments xi I shared early versions of this work on a number of panels at various conferences over the past few years, and I am thankful for the feedback I received from the academic community at meetings like the American Studies Association, Organization of American Historians (OAH), the Center for Western Studies’ Dakota Conference, Southwest Popular/ American Culture Association (SWPACA), Western History Associa- tion, Historians of the Twentieth Century United States (HOTCUS), and American Historical Association (AHA), Pacific Coast Branch. The wonderful folks at Routledge who have supported this book along the way with professionalism and encouragement have included Genevieve Aoki, Margo Irvin, Daniel Finaldi, Rebecca Dunn, and Eve Mayer. I am especially indebted, though, to the series editor Bill Allison and editorial assistant Ted Meyer, who have both been a tremendous help and I am incredibly grateful. Finally, and most significantly, I want to thank my wife Dena. She patiently listened to stories of word counts and chapter editing, over many months reassuring me and providing unflappable love and encouragement. Timeline 1886 Haymarket Affair 1892 Homestead Strike 1892 Frick
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