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Factors Influencing Cost of Road Construction Projects Within Selected Urban Areas in Kenya

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Factors Influencing Cost of Road Construction Projects Within Selected Urban Areas in Kenya FACTORS INFLUENCING COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS WITHIN SELECTED URBAN AREAS IN KENYA OYOLLA CARREN AOKO A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2019 DECLARATION This research project report is my original work and has not been presented by anybody else for the award of a degree in any other university. Signature ____________________________ Date __________________________ Oyolla Carren Aoko L50/70100/2013 This research project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University Supervisor. Signature _______________________ Date __________________________ Prof. Raphael Nyonje Associate Professor, School of Open & Distance Learning, The University Of Nairobi ii DEDICATION A special feeling of gratitude to my loving mother, Benter whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears; to my husband Dickson whose constant support, dedication and love enlightened me; to my son Deon and daughter Leona whose innocent energy was and still is a source of inspiration; to my sisters (Lorna & Monica) for being my best cheerleaders; to all of my friends and family who stood beside me with great commitment; I dedicate this research, hoping that I made you proud. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to many outstanding individuals who played a crucial role in enabling me to complete this course. Special thank you to my supervisor Prof. Raphael Nyonje for his personal commitment, competent academic guidance, invaluable constructive criticism, and availability towards the success of this research proposal. I would like to thank my lecturers in the department of extra mural and continuing education at Kisumu campus, Prof. Omollo Ongati, Prof. Charles Rambo, Prof. Paul Odundo and Prof. K. Onkware just to mention a few, for their thorough academic lectures. I would also like to thank University of Nairobi administration & Academic department for the opportunity accorded to me to undertake this course at the Institution and acknowledge Kisumu campus Librarian for availing the academic resources required for the literature review, the Kenya National Highway Authority, Nairobi Headquarters, Kenya Urban Roads Authority, Engineer David Maganda of Abdul Mullick Associates ltd and SBI International for availing the necessary data for this study. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my family and friends whose support helped in achieving success in the development of this document. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the qualified research assistants for their cooperation and not to forget the data entry clerk for the professional data processing and analysis. I am sincerely grateful to my fellow classmates for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues concerning this study. The success of this study would not be possible without all of you. iv TABLE OF CONTENT Page DECLARATION...................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. ix ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Study ........................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 4 1.3. Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................. 5 1.4. Research Objectives .................................................................................................. 5 1.5. Research Questions ................................................................................................... 5 1.6. Research hypothesis. ................................................................................................. 6 1.7. Significance of the Study .......................................................................................... 6 1.8. Basic assumptions of the Study ................................................................................. 7 1.9. Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................ 8 1.10. Delimitations of the Study ......................................................................................... 8 1.11. Definition of the Significant Terms ........................................................................... 8 1.12. Organization of the Study ........................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 11 LITERATURURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 11 2.2. Cost of Road Construction Projects in Urban Areas ............................................... 11 2.3. Contract Management and Cost of Road Construction Projects ............................. 12 2.4. Project Schedule and Cost of Road Construction Projects ...................................... 15 2.5. Design and Documentation and Cost of Road Construction Projects ..................... 18 2.6. Financial control systems and Cost of Road Construction Projects ........................ 20 2.7. Government Policies and Cost of Road Construction Projects ............................... 22 2.8. Theoretical framework ............................................................................................ 24 v 2.9. System theory .......................................................................................................... 24 2.10. Conceptual framework ............................................................................................ 25 2.11. Summary of the Literature Review ......................................................................... 27 2.12. Research Gaps ......................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 30 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 30 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 30 3.2. Research Design ...................................................................................................... 30 3.3. Target Population .................................................................................................... 30 3.4. Sample Size and Sampling Procedure ..................................................................... 31 3.4.1. Sample Size ........................................................................................................ 31 3.4.2. Sampling Procedures ......................................................................................... 31 3.5. Data collection Instruments ..................................................................................... 32 3.6. Pilot Testing ............................................................................................................ 32 3.7. Validity of Research Instruments ............................................................................ 33 3.8. Reliability of Research Instruments ........................................................................ 33 3.9. Data Collection Procedures ..................................................................................... 34 3.10. Data Analysis Techniques ....................................................................................... 34 3.11. Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................. 35 3.12. Operationalization of Variables ............................................................................... 35 CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................. 40 DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION &DISCUSSION ............ 40 4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 40 4.2. Questionnaire return rate ........................................................................................
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