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Ethnic Groups in Moldova to Establish Cross-Border Contacts

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Ethnic Groups in Moldova to Establish Cross-Border Contacts ETHNOBAROMETER IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA CZU 323.1(478) E84 Th e research papers, which were developed within the project entitled „Ethnobarometer. Interethnic Relations in Moldova”, were funded by Soros Foundation - Moldova. Th e Institute for Public Policy is a nongovernmental, independent, non-profi t organization. Th e goal of the Institute is to contribute to the development of an open, participatory, pluralist society in Moldova. Being based on democratic values, the goal is to accomplish, support and sponsor independent researches and analyses of public policies, as well as public debates and large publicity of the outcomes of these researches. Th e activity of the Institute is focused on education policies, European integration, national security and defense, qualitative and quantitative researches, confl ict resolution issues. Th e Institute collaborates with similar institutions and organizations dealing with public policies from several European countries in order to benefi t an exchange of information and experts, development of comparative studies and promotion of regional policies. Authors: Doru Petruţi, Ala Roşca, Tamara Cărăuş, Vitalie Catană, Mihail Guzun, Vasile Cantarji, Natalia Cojocaru, Loretta Handrabura Editors in chief: dr. Arcadie Barbăroşie, dr. Viorel Cibotaru Consultant: Mircea Kivu (România) Translation into English: Stefan Rusu, Simona Cibotaru, Elena Cartoleanu Editing: Simona Cibotaru (Pork Universeting, USA) Th e authors’ exclusive opinions, that were covered in these studies do not necessarely refl ect the position of the sponsor institution. Lecturer: Lucia Ciocan Cover: Mihai Bacinschi Design, tehnoediting and prepress: Editura GUNIVAS Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii Etnobarometrul în Republica Moldova / Inst. de Politici Publice; aut.: Doru Petruţi, Ala Roşca, Tamara Cărăuş,... – Ch.: Gunivas, 2006 (F.E.-P „Tipogr. Centrală“). – 384 pag. ISBN 978-9975-908-39-9 500 ex. -- 1. Minorităţi etnice – Moldova 323.1(478) ISBN 987-9975-908-39-9 © Institutul de Politici Publice, 2006 CONTENTS FOREWORD (Arcadie Barbarosie, Viorel Cibotaru) ....................................................................7 AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS REFLECTED IN THE ETHNOBAROMETER (Doru Petruti) ..............................................................................................9 Signifi cant Issues and Concerns ..................................................................................................10 Interethnic Climate ........................................................................................................................16 State and Minorities .......................................................................................................................18 Identity and Otherness ..................................................................................................................19 Native Language and Nationality. Mutual Knowledge of Language .......................................29 Stereotypes and Social Distance ...................................................................................................31 Social Capital ..................................................................................................................................35 Social Distance ...............................................................................................................................41 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................47 ANNEX A .................................................................................................................................................49 ANNEX B .................................................................................................................................................51 ANNEX C .................................................................................................................................................52 STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY AND INTERETHNIC RELATIONS MOLDOVAN CASE (Ala Rosca) ......................................................................................................53 Th e concept of Democracy and Societies in Transition............................................................54 Democratization in Post-totalitarian Multinational States ......................................................60 Democratization of Society, Political Parties and Emergence of Multiple Identities ............68 Conclusions and Recommendations ...........................................................................................72 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................75 THE ROLE OF THE NATION-STATE IN THE RESOLUTION OF INTERETHNIC PROBLEMS IN MOLDOVA (Tamara Caraus) ..............................................................................81 Th e Dialectic Relation between Emergence of Nation-State and Integration of Ethnonational Minorities .........................................................................................................81 Multiculturalism and Liberal Nationalism..........................................................................81 Diversity and Ethnocultural Justice .....................................................................................83 Tools for Creation of Nation-State .......................................................................................84 Types of Ethnocultural Rights ..............................................................................................84 Dialectics of Emergence of Nation-State and Claims of Ethnonational Groups in Moldova’s Case ...........................................................................................................................86 Th e Specifi c Nature of Moldova’s Emergence as a Nation-State .......................................86 National Minority vs. Ethnic Group ....................................................................................86 Tools for the Creation of Nation-State in Moldova ............................................................89 Th e Claims of Ethnic and National Minorities Satisfi ed by the Moldovan State ...........89 Citizens’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards State Policies Regarding Integration of National and Ethnic Minorities ...............................................................................................92 Th e Perception of the Role of State in the Integration of Ethnic Minorities ..................92 Th e Respondents’ Perception of Language Policies of the Moldovan State ....................95 Th e Respondents’ Perception of Education Policies of the Moldovan State Regarding Ethnic and National Minorities .........................................................................98 Th e Respondents’ Perception of Cultural Rights Provided by the Moldovan State .....100 Th e Respondent’s Perception of State Policies of Non-Discrimination and Promotion of Equality ..................................................................................................100 Th e Respondents’ Perception of the Freedom of Ethnic Groups in Moldova to Establish Cross-Border Contacts ...................................................................................103 Survey Participants’ Perception vs. Delphi Study Participants’ Perception..........................106 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................107 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................110 CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MOLDOVA (Vitalie Catana) .................112 Th e Identity Model in Moldova .................................................................................................113 Risks of Application of Identity Model .....................................................................................115 Identity Model Generates Competition ....................................................................................115 Identity Model Leads to the Establishment of Consociational Models ................................117 Identity Model Leads to Application of Discriminatory Standards ......................................118 Identity Model Requires an Eff ort of Adopting the Identity .................................................119 Identity Model Implies an Ideological Component ................................................................121 Identity Model Serves As Basis for Wrong Premises in the Development of State Policies .............................................................................................................................124 Citizenship ....................................................................................................................................124 Moldovans’ Representations of State and the Perception of Citizenship..............................125 Minorities’ Representations of State and the Perception of Citizenship ...............................129 Identity in the Moldovan State ...................................................................................................131 Attitudes towards Political Confi guration of the State ............................................................131 Considerations Regarding
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