PHOTON DETECTION LOW-LIGHT-LEVEL UNIT DETECTION C9692 SERIES C9692-11 C9692-12 C9692-13 Excitation light source unit Optical fiber panel Sample holder unit Sample holder unit C9692-14 C9692-15 C9692-16 Syringe (sold separately) Dispenser unit Optical block panel Sample holder unit Microtube unit OVERVIEW FEATURES The C9692 series Photon Detection Units are photon count- GPhoton counting with high S/N ratio ing units designed to make low-light measurements at sin- Low noise: 50 s-1 (Typ.at 25 °C) gle photon levels without a time-consuming measurement GComputer control setup. All users need to do is prepare the sample the users Built-in USB interface want to measure and a personal computer (PC). Six models are available so the users can select one that best meets GCE marking compliance your application. GOptical fiber (FC type) compatible (C9692-11) When combined with optional modular units the C9692 is GInterlock function (C9692-12/-13/-14/-15) ideal for various types of measurement. The USB interface Automatically closes optical shutter to prevent ex- allows simple plug & play setup when connecting the C9692 cessive light from entering PMT if sample compart- to a PC. ment is accidentally opened during measurement. GBuilt-in UV LED excitation light source (C9692-13) APPLICATIONS Light source wavelength: 375 nm Output power: 10 mW/cm2 GBioluminescence, chemiluminescence Irradiation time: 0.1 to 3600 seconds GFood oxidation, antioxidant activity luminescence GReagent dispensing (C9692-14/-15) G Dispenses two types of reagents using syringe (C9692-14), Activated cell luminescence pipette (C9692-15) as a dispenser GUV-excited (UV LED) delayed fluorescence (C9692-13) GOther low-light-level measurements APPLICATIONS Application 1 Evaluating compost maturity Organic farming is the focus of much recent attention, and is a field 6000 where the market value of good quality compost is on the rise. To ensure that good quality compost can be quickly supplied when needed, photon 5000 detection units are used in research to develop techniques for 4000 determining compost maturity during the compost purification process. IMMATURE COMPOST Focusing on the fact that good quality compost is oxidized excrement, 3000 researchers added oxygen to liquid extracted from compost during the MEDIUM MATURE COMPOST fermentation process to accelerate oxidation of residual organic matter and then rated the maturation from the intensity of low-level luminescence 2000 FULLY MATURE COMPOST emitted during the oxidation process. Good quality compost has less unoxidized material and so emits low-level luminescence. 100 Hydrothermal Extract liquid LUMINESCENCE INTENSITY (counts/10s) Compost Measure 0 extraction from compost 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 C9692-12 Oxygen TIME (s) Filtration injection Lumines- Data courtesy of: cence Nobuya Katayama, Shizuoka Prefectural Animal Husbandry Experiment Station Mayuko Iwai, Graduate School for Creation of New Photonics Industries Application 2 Diagnosing fungus-infected plants Photon detection units are utilized in research to develop techniques for Results from measuring luminescence intensity detecting the low level luminescence emitted from honey fungus which is on fruited body impossible to observe visually a type of mushroom that acts as a parasite and eats into road-side trees. over elapsed time These techniques will serve as tests to diagnose whether a tree is 400000 infected with fungal filaments (hypha). Samples taken from the bark of the suspect tree are measured using a photon detection unit. 300000 The material within the tree bark being eaten away by the fungus undergoes a temperature change due to fungal action so that the luminescence intensity rises with the passage of time. Utilizing these 200000 changes in low-level luminescence intensity reveals whether there is fungal infection or not. 100000 C9692-12 Tree bark LUMINESCENCE INTENSITY (counts/s) 0 Lumines- 0 30 60 90 cence TIME (min) Upper: Honey fungus (fruited body: luminescence cannot be observed visually) Left: Image observed on fungus culture under bright conditions Data courtesy of: Right: Image observed on fungus culture under dark conditions (luminescence can be observed visually) Masaru Hiroi, Koriyama Women’s University & College Application 3 Oxidization on one polished rice grain (Approximate values) The delayed fluorescence intensity from 90 the surface of a single polished rice grain PHOTON DETECTION UNIT C9692 80 irradiated with UV light for 10 seconds is PHOTO- 70 measured using a photon detection unit MULTIPLIER TUBE that contains an excitation light source MODULE 60 and is operated with dedicated software. 50 This measurement yielded a specific SHUTTER AFTER RICE MILLING 40 value for progressive oxidation after rice LOW LEVEL LIGHT FLUORESCENCE 6 MONTHS AFTER RICE MILLING milling with the 30 C9692-13 EXCITATION passage of time. LIGHT UNIT A9860 20 FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY UV LED 10 SAMPLE 0 HOLDER 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 UNIT SAMPLE A9861 TIME (s) Application 4 Luminescence level in ATP method and changes in koji aspergillus body mass during cultivation of rice koji Photon detection units were used to measure the luminescence level 12 16 ) in the APT method and changes in koji aspergillus body mass of rice ATP LUMINESCENCE LEVEL KOJI KOJI ASPERGILLUS MASS koji cultivated based on the standard koji making test. 10 12 counts/10s) Comparing the luminescence level in the APT method with the koji as- 5 8 10 pergillus body mass, they show similar changes up to 32 consecutive × hours of rice koji cultivation. Changes in the rice body mass and enzy- matic activity (alpha-amylase) are major quality indicators of koji as- 6 8 pergillus and mainly end during the logarithmic growth phase, so how both methods related was compared in a range of the culture time 4 from 12 to 32 hours, 4 which is a transition to 2 the stationary phase. C9692-15 MASS (mg/g OF ASPERGILLUS BODY LUMINESCENCE LEVEL ( 0 0 Although the number of 0816 24 32 KOJI data was small, the re- CULTURE TIME (h) sults clearly showed a Data courtesy of: high correlation. Prof. Takahiro Saito, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Utsunomiya University Application 5 Viable bacteria count versus luminescence level in ATP method on fresh produce Photon detection units are used in research to find techniques using 7 chemiluminescence for quickly and easily measuring the degree of purity in food. 6 About 3 leaves each taken from the outermost layer of several pieces 5 of Boston lettuce were thoroughly crushed and diluted about 10 times with distilled sterile water for use as the sample fluid concentrate and 4 the luminescence intensity measured by the ATP method using the photon detection unit. 3 The number of viable C9692-15 2 y = 1.33 × -1.52 bacteria cultured by the R2 = 0.80 official analytical method 1 was then found and the VIABLE BACTERIA COUNT (Log of CFU/g) VIABLE BACTERIA 0 correlation with the lumi- 02135746 nescence level found. LUMINESCENCE LEVEL (Log of counts/10s) Data courtesy of: Prof. Takahiro Saito, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Utsunomiya University Application 6 Evaluation of refined sake deterioration Refined sake (rice wine) oxidizes or in other words degrades after the con- Evaluation by XYZ measurement system tainer or bottle is opened. This oxidation was evaluated with photon detec- 100 90 60 days tion units utilizing the following two methods. 30 days 80 0 days Evaluation by XYZ measurement system (upper graph) 70 The degradation (or oxidation) occurring in refined sake was evaluated by 60 50 ranking refined sake as reactive oxygen species (X) and using a mixture of 40 anti-oxidation species (Y) and receptor species (Z). 30 Evaluation by oxidation reaction measurement system (lower graph) 20 10 The degradation (or oxidation) occurring in refined sake was evaluated us- LUMINESCENCE INTENSITY (count/s) 0 ing a mixture of 75 microliters of hypochlorous natrium to 3 milliliters of re- 0 50 100 150 200 fined sake. TIME (s) Evaluation by oxidation reaction measurement system In both methods the luminescence intensity (degradation level) rose in pro- 15000 portion to the number of days in storage. 60 days 30 days 12000 0 days Left standing C9692-14 in 30 °C 9000 environment 6000 3000 LUMINESCENCE INTENSITY (count/s) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TIME (s) Data courtesy of: Prof. Takahiro Saito, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Utsunomiya University SPECIFICATIONS C9692 SERIES COMMON SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Description / Value Unit Detection Method Photon counting method — Spectral Response Range 185 to 650 nm Photocathode Size 16 × 18 mm Maximum Count Rate 3 × 106 s-1 Counter Gate Time 0.001 to 10 (1, 2, 5 Steps) s Dark Count (Typ. at 25 °C) 50 s-1 Counter Capacity 32 bits/gate — Trigger Signal Input Mode External trigger, software trigger — Trigger Section Trigger Signal Level TTL negative logic — Trigger Signal Pulse Width 100 ns or more — Input Voltage (DC) +7 (supplied from AC adapter) V Input Voltage (AC) to Supplied AC Adapter 100 V to 240 V (auto switchable), single phase 50 Hz/60 Hz — Temperature +5 to +40 °C Operating Humidity Below 80 (no condensation) % Temperature 0 to +50 °C Storage Humidity Below 85 (no condensation) % OS Windows® XP-Pro, Vista Business (32 bit), 7 Pro (32 bit) — Interface USB — C9692-11 (Optical Fiber Panel Type) Parameter Description / Value Unit Optical Fiber Adapter FC type (HRFC-R1/Hirose) — Distance to Photocathode 21.0 (from fiber end) mm Weight Approx. 0.7 kg C9692-12 (Sample Holder Unit Type) Parameter Description / Value Unit Effective Size of Sample Compartment (W × D × H) 50 × 50 × 15 mm Distance to Photocathode 32.5 (from bottom of sample compartment) mm Weight Approx. 1.1 kg C9692-13 (Sample Holder Unit + Excitation Light Source Unit Type) Parameter Description / Value Unit Wavelength·Output Power 375 nm·10 mW/cm2 — Excitation Light Irradiation Time 0.1 to 3600 s Source (UV LED) Irradiation Area 10 (center of sample compartment) mm Effective Size of Sample Compartment (W × D × H) 50 × 50 × 15 mm Distance to Photocathode 49.5 (from bottom of sample compartment) mm Weight Approx.