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Issues of Optimization of Geoecological Situation in Fergana Valley O NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 ISSUES OF OPTIMIZATION OF GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN FERGANA VALLEY O. M. KUZIBOEVA Kokand State Pedagogical Institute ABSTRACT: socio-economic (geoecological) zoning, which The article discusses the issues of is a high level of scientific knowledge. scientific and methodological research on Typology and classification as a method the optimization of the geoecological of geographical systematization, provides a situation in the region, the choice and collection, analysis and synthesis of scientific development of specific methods that allow facts, allows to determine the characteristics of to generalize, process and analyze a variety the optimization of the geoecological situation of information about them. in rural areas. KEYWORDS: geoecological situation, In the next stage, various geographical optimization, functional-structural, and economic methods (e.g., information typology, classification, research methods, processing, comparison) are used to determine landscape analysis. the typological and classification characteristics of objects. Calculations on rural INTRODUCTION: areas, geo-ecological situation, and Scientific and methodological research optimization of geo-ecological situation can be on the optimization of the geo-ecological given in absolute terms and percentages, per situation in the region requires a focus on the unit area, per capita, per unit time. On the basis selection and development of specific methods of such approaches, the types and classes of that allow to generalize, process and analyze a objects are identified and they are directed to variety of information about them. This study is the development of tactical and strategic ways based on the methods available in the field of and directions of studying the optimization of economic and social geography, the types of the geo-ecological situation in rural areas. research that correspond to the goals and objectives. These methods are based on the THE MAIN PART widespread use of functional-structural In this study, the socio-economic (structural)-hierarchical (hierarchical) (geoecological) zoning of the geo-ecological approach. In this regard, special attention is situation in the region is used as a method of paid to the typology and classification of the processing, generalization and systematization object. In this case, typology means the of various information about these areas. In the identification of similarities and differences socio-economic study of the socio-economic between the various objects under study and development of rural areas and the general the separation of their generalized groups, and characteristics of the causes of geo-ecological classification - the separation of types (objects) problems associated with them, it is important by their similar classes. When they are to identify areas for analysis of key indicators. understood in this way, they serve not only as To analyze the geo-ecological situation the first and second stages of scientific in the region, first of all, the natural landscape knowledge of the system of objects under features of rural areas are studied and study, but also as the first and second stages of evaluated. The need for a landscape approach 445 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 to overcoming geo-ecological problems in the - The presence of plains with fertile soil; use of nature in rural areas is noted by many -Supply of water resources; geographers (Alibekov, 1992; Kochurov, 1999; - Sufficient argo-climate resources; Isachenko, 2001; Korytnyy, 2006; Orlova, 2006, -Favorable economic geographical location Kuzibaeva, 2006). and communication. The importance of the theory of "geo- In turn, areas with fragmented hills and pairing" developed by L. Alibekov (1992) in the mountainous terrain, arid desert areas with change of geo-ecological conditions is taken arid climates, had a negative impact on the into account. In other words, from the location of villages. Such an approach in the geomorphological point of view, the amount of assessment classification is also taken into "matter and energy" transferred from the account in the study of the geoecological above-mentioned landscape types to the situation and its changes. below-ground landscapes is taken into account. In the study of landscapes in the The main goal of the study is to diagnose Fergana region, A. Abulkasimov (1983) and predict changes in the geo-ecological distinguishes heights. As in the whole valley, in situation in the region. In this regard, the the territory of Fergana region there are 4 methodology of ecological balance of the stages. In the works of K. Boymirzaev (2007) administrative territory, developed by BI landscapes of the Sokh oasis were obtained, Kochurov (1999) and used in practice in and in the plains these landscape complexes Russia, is also used. are divided into three parts (groups of The history of the study of landscapes in urochishe). Young researcher O.Kuzibaeva the Fergana region has been thoroughly (2006) divides the landscapes of this region studied by A. Khamidov (2006). Using the into three sloping landscape microzones. results of this study, the latest research work in Research conducted by O. Abduganiev (2008) the valley was used to separate the foundations also shows that the territory of Fergana region of the landscape (Abdulkasimov, 1983; is divided into 5 landscape tiers. Babushkin et al., 1985; Khalikov, 1989; Landscape types in the region are divided into Maksudov, 1996; Boymirzaev, 2000; 5 geoecologically homogeneous (similar) Kuzibaeva, 2006; Abduganiev, 2007). groups, and each group is given an appropriate In studying the geoecological situation, score (Table 1-5) depending on the degree of attention is paid to geomorphological change in the natural landscape composition of indicators based on the closed orographic the area. The data are taken from the conditions of the Fergana region. At the same references on the distribution of the land fund time, it was noted that the role of the by lines (Land Fund of the Republic of hydrogeological factor in the negative change Uzbekistan 0.1 2010; Form No. 22). of soil-ecological conditions is increasing. In Initially, the amount and share of lands irrigated areas, groundwater levels are rising •¨ØÆß©Æß ¥Ø ¥®• £°¥•ßØ≤ ض ò•£Ø¨Øß©£°¨ °≥•ó and soil salinity is increasing. It should be landscapes, in which all components of the noted that from a geographical point of view, landscape have not changed, were studied. The the above factors have also had a positive and fact that the impact on the atmosphere, soil, negative impact on the location and formation water, flora and fauna in the territory of this of villages in a timely manner. Factors that have group of landscapes is minimal in rural areas is a positive impact on the conditions of the the basis for evaluating this group with 1 point. Fergana Valley: The group includes the total forest area in 446 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 column 22 of row 33 of the district land fund, trails in districts (column 31), streets, including protected trees (23), terraces (24), courtyards and squares (column 32), lands shrubs (25); The underwater lands in column under public buildings (column 33) and 26, including rivers and streams (27), lakes agricultural lands. category includes other (28), reservoirs (29), canals, collectors, and lands not used in agriculture (column 34). ditches (30); and other lands not used in Table 1 Classification of landscapes by agriculture in column 34. geoecologically homogeneous groups In determining the category of partially ¡r Name of Land types Level of Coefficient In the geoecologically corresponding ecological of change province £®°Æ•§ òµÆ§•≤µ¥©¨©∫•§ó ¨°Æ§≥£°∞•≥ ©Æ ¥®• homogeneous to the group change rate weight, groups (according to (as a region, the gray lands of column 9 of row 33, Figure 22, line percentage) 33) hayfields of row 10, pastures of row 11 and 1 ò%£Ø¨©£°¨ Forests, shrubs, Unchanged 1 35.2 °≥•ó underwater lands of reclamation construction in row 21 are landscapes and other studied and the level of change of this group is unused lands evaluated by 2 points. 2 Less used Gray lands, Partly 2 1.5 landscapes hayfields, changed The group of changed landscapes in pastures, lands in the state of Fergana region consists of "perennial forests". reclamation construction In determining these landscapes, the total of perennial trees in column 4 of row 33 of the 3 Perennial Orchards, Changed 3 8.5 woody vineyards, land fund, including orchards (column 5), landscapes mulberry groves vineyards (column 6), mulberries (column 7), 4 Agroirrigation Irrigated arable Strongly 4 43 along with other perennials (column 8) areas of landscapes lands, gardens changed land occupied by orchards and other fruit trees 5 "Seleteb Broken 5 11.8 (column 17) were analyzed. In this group, all landscapes" Various infrastructure, components of the landscape will be naturally housing, streets, altered. However, the natural landscapes in this squares and other lands group will change for the better. Therefore, the degree of change of group landscapes is The second indicator of the degree of evaluated by 3 points. change in the natural landscape of rural areas The most changed, environmentally
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