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Lumberman's and Logger's Guide Will Furnish the Answer

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Lumberman's and Logger's Guide Will Furnish the Answer SD557 m W m m i ^ I /..--. *q, >".^vV /^.°o .A-^&iA i* * • '•T^V ' V^V : • A#Aw/\Wv y ** LUMBERMAN'S AND s= LOGGER'S GUIDE FIRST 1919 EDITION Lumberman's and /. Logger's Guide /. Merits and Uses of Douglas Fir, California Redwood and the Leading Commercial Woods of » the Pacific Coast * Rapid Methods of Computing Specifications, Contents J and Weight of Squared and Tapering Lumber Octagon Spars and Logs I = LOG TABLES Log Scaling and Grading Rules THE METRIC SYSTEM E Includes Conversion Tables and Inf ormatian Relative to Foreign Export Cargo Shipments TABLE OF DISTANCES § From Pacific Coast Ports to Foreign Ports also Inland Waters of Puget Sound | Columbia River and British Columbia i i = BERNARD BRERETON 1 Author and Publisher | P. 0. Box 1158 Tacoma, Wash., U. S. A. PRICE ONE DOLLAR s2*^ I 1 j i,iiiiiiiini!iiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiinuiiniiin!iiiii!iiiiiiiiiii!Hiii!iiiiii;iiuiiiinin;i <A &1y COPYRIGHT 1919 BY BERNARD BRERETON JAN 14 1919- - ©CI.A509(*r2U Press of COMMERCIAL BINDERY & PRINTING CO., Incorporated 756-8 Commerce Street - Tacoma, Wash. 'Vi-O I PREFACE The object of the author in presenting this book to the public is to furnish reliable data pertaining to the merits and uses of Douglas Fir, Cal- ifornia Redwood and Pacific Coast Forest Products. The various subjects treated will save the Lumberman and Logger many hours of research, as the numerous problems covered cannot be solved with- out the practical and technical knowledge that can only be gained by a long and varied experience in both the Lumber and Shipping industries. As Belgium, France Italy and Countries using the "Metric System" re- quire lumber and specifications to conform to their standard, the writer has specialized on this subject, so as to enable shipowners and lumbermen to successfully cater to this trade, which will increase to vast proportions if the demands of the Foreign buyer are satisfactorily complied with. Owing to the destruction of Railroads, Bridges, Docks and Buildings of every description in the European Countries, devastated as a result of the "Great war," enormous quantities of lumber and especially long timbers will be required for repair work and permanent constructional purposes. The eyes of the "World" will naturally turn to the Pacific Coast in quest of information relative to Douglas Fir, California Redwood and the methods of handling these shipments, and to those requiring this knowledge, the Lumberman's and Logger's Guide will furnish the answer. Shipowners, Captains and officers of vessels, or any one connected with the operation of cargo carriers, will appreciate the information regarding the system for computing the lumber carrying capacity of steamers also the Table of Distances which will enable the reader to ascertain the distance from the leading ports of the World to any Douglas Fir or Redwood Cargo Mill on the Pacific Coast. In the section of this book devoted to logs will be found the log tables in general use in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California, the methods for computing same, also the log grading rules and a special table computed by the author showing the actual or solid contents in board feet of logs ranging from six to forty-eight inches in diameter. To the Foreign or prospective lumber buyer who is desirous of obtaining reliable data concerning Douglas Fir or California Redwood, the information in this book can be absolutely relied upon as I have personally supervised the manufacture, inspection or shipment of upwards of fifty million board feet of Pacific Coast Lumber annually for a period of over twenty-five years. In conclusion, I wish to express my appreciation to the officials of The United States Forest Service, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, the Lumber Trade Journals and my friends in the Lumber and Shipping In- dustries who have so courteously furnished me with much valuable material for this work. BERNARD BRERETON, Author and Publisher. DOUGLAS FIR (Tsug-a Taxifolia) DOUGLAS FIR 'Pseudotsuga Taxifolia Douglas Fir, widely known as Oregon Pine, reaches its best development for commercial purposes on the Pacific Coast, from the head of the Skeena River, in British Columbia, and southward through the States of Washington and Oregon to Central California. The wood is comparatively light but very strong,; it is the strongest wood in the world for its weight that is obtainable in commercial sizes and quantities. With the exception of Spruce, Douglas Fir is in greater demand for Airplane construction than any other wood, and material of excellent quality for this purpose can be furnished in unlimited amounts. THE CORRECT NAME Douglas Fir is named after David Douglas, botanist, who explored British Columbia (then called New Caledonia) in 1825-30. It is the most important timber tree on the North American Continent, and is known by a great variety of names, such as Oregon Pine, Oregon Fir, Washington Fir, Yellow Fir, Red Fir, Douglas Spruce, Red Spruce, Puget Sound Pine, and British Columbia Pine. The employment of so large a number of names for one class of tree is very confusing, detrimental and often misleading, and for these reasons the United States Forest Service some years ago took a lumber census which resulted in their adopting the name Douglas Fir, as it was used more than all others combined. MERITS AND USES The stand of timber in Oregon and Washington alone, it is estimated, comprises 25% of the remaining stand of timber in the United States, and in British Columbia is estimated to comprise one-third 'of the total timber supply of Canada. It is considered the strongest softwood in the world. (See United States Forest Service Bulletin No. 108.) Douglas Fir is moder- ately hard but easy to work, straight grained, resilient, tough and durable. LUMBERMAN'S AND LOGGER'S GUIDE DOUGLAS FIR Merits and Uses - Continued Combining these qualities of great strength, light weight, ease of working and handling more than any other commercial timber, Douglas Fir is the ideal wood for practically all building and structural purposes. Owing to the great size of the trees Douglas Fir timber can be furnished in the largest dimensions required in modern heavy construction. As complying with quali- ties essential in a wood acceptable for general building purposes, Douglas Fir is practically impervious to water, holds nails firmly, takes stain well in any shade or color, and combines beauty, utility and durability. It is superior wood for bridge and wharf building, heavy joists where great strength is required, studding—in fact, all ordinary framing material, ship plank, ship decking, spars, derricks, car sills, car siding, car roofing, car lining, flooring, ceiling, silo stock, sash and doors, interior finish. The lower grades are also used in large quantities for under-ground mining purposes. The United States Forest Service Bulletin No. 88, says: "Douglas Fir may, perhaps, be considered the most important of American woods. * * * It is manufactured into every form of lumber known to the saw mill operator. For house construction Douglas Fir is manufactured into all forms of dimension stock, and is used particularly for general building and construction purposes. Its strength and comparative lightness fit it for joists, floor beams, rafters, and other timbers which must carry loads. "The comparative hardness of the wood fits it for flooring and it meets a large demand. Douglas Fir edge-grain flooring is considered superior to that made from any other softwood. "Clear lumber, sawed flat grain, shows pleasing figures, and the contrast between the spring and summer wood has been considered as attractive as the grain of quarter-sawn oak. It takes stain well, and by staining, the beauty of the grain may be more strongly brought out and a number of rare woods can be successfully imitated." The durability of the wood, and the fact that it resists saturation by water cause it to be used in large quantities for wooden piping, for continu- ous stave and jointed conduits used in power and irrigation works, for silos and tanks. It makes first-class railway ties, whether treated with preserva- tives or not. Street pavement of creosoted Douglas Fir blocks properly laid is noiseless, dustless, economical in upkeep, and is durable and long wearing even under heavy traffic such as that of freight and dock yards. The unusual valuable combination of qualities possessed by Douglas Fir adapt it to such a variety of uses that a complete list of them would cover nearly all the uses to which wood can be put. LUMBERMAN'S AND LOGGER'S GUIDE AVERAGE STRENGTH VALUES FOR STRUCTURAL TIMBERS Taken from U. S. Forest Service Bulletin 108 GREEN u Q 100% o Modulus Modulus Doug- Stiffness at o . Strength m g in. o G . m ~l m o 09 o c T "! <»-i l-H Limit, 100%. Fir, to o5 . u 0) Stress 'sq. m*-> w on on Rupture, Elasticity, H H ft per 3 *- . <w w |3s Fir, Relative boa 3+j ft Relative O bCrf " Douglas " Co *S Elastic Based Based ° e 6 O C »> w Fiber Ooiffi lbs., of las of Z 22 ^5 Stf ft Douglas Fir 100.0 100.0 8x16 134 10.9 1 31.8 28.9 4282 6605 1611 Western Hemlock 8x16 27 17.6 41.9 28.1 3761 5821 1489 88.1 92.4 12x12 Long- 10x16 leaf 8x16 13 14.6 29.2 35.4 3855 6437 1466 97.4 91.0 Pine 6x16 6x10 Short- 8x16 1 leaf 8x14 33 12.3 48.4 31.4 3376 5948 1546 90.0 96.0 Pine 8x12 Loblolly 5x12 Pine 8x16 78 6.2 58.0 31.2 1 3266 5568 1467 84.4 91.1 1 Western 8x16 Larch 8x12 ,., | 23.9 50.5 28.7 3677 5562 1364 84.2 84.6 \ 8x16 s 1 1 1 Redwood 6x12 1 30 19.5 90.2 | 23.3 4323 5327 1202 80.6 74.6 7x9 1 NOTE:—Care was taken in selecting Douglas Fir material to secure a large number of stringers of low grade.
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