DOCSLIB.ORG

Secondary Transmission of COVID-19 in Preschool and School Settings in Northern Italy After Their Reopening in September 2020: a Population-Based Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Secondary Transmission of COVID-19 in Preschool and School Settings in Northern Italy After Their Reopening in September 2020: a Population-Based Study Rapid communication Secondary transmission of COVID-19 in preschool and school settings in northern Italy after their reopening in September 2020: a population-based study Elisabetta Larosa¹ , Olivera Djuric2,3 , Mariateresa Cassinadri¹ , Silvia Cilloni¹ , Eufemia Bisaccia¹ , Massimo Vicentini² , Francesco Venturelli1,4 , Paolo Giorgi Rossi² , Patrizio Pezzotti⁵ , Emanuela Bedeschi¹ , the Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group⁶ 1. Public Health Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy 2. Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy 3. Center for Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy 4. Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy 6. The members of the Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group are listed under Investigators Correspondence: Olivera Djuric ([email protected]) Investigators group: Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group: Massimo Costantini, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Roberto Grilli, Massimiliano Marino, Debora Formisano, Giulio Formoso, Emanuela Bedeschi, Cinzia Perilli, Ivano Venturi, Eufemia Bisaccia, Elisabetta Larosa, Mariateresa Cassinadri, Silvia Cilloni, Cinzia Campari, Francesco Gioia, Serena Broccoli, Marta Ottone, Pierpaolo Pattacini, Giulia Besutti, Valentina Iotti, Lucia Spaggiari, Pamela Mancuso, Andrea Nitrosi, Marco Foracchia, Rossana Colla, Alessandro Zerbini, Marco Massari, Anna Maria Ferrari, Mirco Pinotti, Nicola Facciolongo, Ivana Lattuada, Laura Trabucco, Stefano De Pietri, Giorgio Francesco Danelli, Laura Albertazzi, Enrica Bellesia, Simone Canovi, Mattia Corradini, Tommaso Fasano, Elena Magnani, Annalisa Pilia, Alessandra Polese, Silvia Storchi Incerti, Piera Zaldini, Efrem Bonelli, Bonanno Orsola, Matteo Revelli, Carlo Salvarani, Francesco Venturelli Citation style for this article: Larosa Elisabetta, Djuric Olivera, Cassinadri Mariateresa, Cilloni Silvia, Bisaccia Eufemia, Vicentini Massimo, Venturelli Francesco, Giorgi Rossi Paolo, Pezzotti Patrizio, Bedeschi Emanuela, the Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group. Secondary transmission of COVID-19 in preschool and school settings in northern Italy after their reopening in September 2020: a population-based study. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(49):pii=2001911. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917. ES.2020.25.49.2001911 Article submitted on 11 Nov 2020 / accepted on 10 Dec 2020 / published on 10 Dec 2020 We report epidemiological investigations of transmis- 15% fatality rate (0.2% for age < 50 years and 33.4% for sion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coro- age > 80 years) [1,2]. After 5 months of low incidence, the navirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 41 classes of 36 schools in province began the second wave in October (Figure). Reggio Emilia province, northern Italy, from their reo- pening on 1 September to 15 October 2020. The overall Ca 31,000 students aged 0–19 years are attending secondary case attack rate was 3.2%, reaching 6.6% educational institutions in the province: infant-toddler in middle and high schools. More timely isolation and centres (age 0–3 years), preschools (age 3–5 years), testing of classmates could be effective in reducing elementary schools (age 6–10 years), middle schools virus transmission in this setting. (age 11–13 years) and high schools (age 14–19 years). While infant-toddler centres and preschools reopened Schools in Reggio Emilia province, northern Italy, reo- after lockdown on 1 September and remedial courses pened on 1 September 2020 after a long period of were activated, the official reopening of all schools closure due to lockdown and summer holidays. We con- was on 15 September. ducted epidemiological investigations after reopen- ing in 41 classes in 36 different educational settings Physical distancing policies in schools in this province after the notification of an infection Upon reopening of all schools, the following physical with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 distancing measures were adopted (Supplementary (SARS-CoV-2). Table S1): mandatory wearing of surgical masks for chil- dren at all times except when students are seated at Current epidemiological features of their desk and are not speaking (except in preschools COVID-19 in Reggio Emilia province and or elementary schools where wearing the mask is never reopening of educational facilities mandatory); only single desks are used (rather than The first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) the traditional double desks), and desks must be at pandemic hit the Reggio Emilia province (northern Italy, least 1 m apart; crowding at separate school entrances 530,000 inhabitants) in March and April 2020, reach- and exits is minimised by creating temporal and spatial ing ca 0.9% cumulative incidence (0.4% for age < 50 pathways for the different classes; mixing classes for years and 3.2% for age > 80 years) with a more than curricular activities is minimised; all extra-curricular www.eurosurveillance.org 1 learning. groups, which alternate attending school remote and physical distancing, students are dividedtwo into when the classrooms are enough not big respect to are isolated the if physical classroom itself makes mates determines isolation measures: (i) students all of the contact between the index case their and class was performed. During the investigation, the nature daysthan 10 after the contact; usually only one test the index case the if first testwas performed more tested retested and 14 days after the last contact with who contact had with the index case are immediately schoolstudents staff, and/or classmates all staff and Health Authority. When acase identified is among reported the to Public Health Department of the Local All SARS-CoV-2-positive swabs are immediately ever occurred first (n or 48 haftersis the contact with acertain case, which onset for and asymptomatic cases 48 hbefore diagno tracing, the in period i.e. starting 48before h symptom attending schools the in period investigated for contact excluded We cases that occurred children not among assessed during the epidemiological investigation. years) who exposure possible had or contacts school in province adolescentsEmilia children and among (0–19 diagnosed fromOctoberSeptember 1 15 to Reggio in beto positive with RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2 infection, consecutive all included We COVID-19 cases, confirmed investigation Study period and epidemiological activities have been suspended [ disease. coronavirus COVID-19: 2020 November (n February–10 Daily number notified of cases and COVID-19 deaths since the start the of Reggio epidemic in Italy, Emilia province, 27 Figure 2 Number of cases 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 Feb c S l c 4 Mar o h s o u o r D D 11 Mar e l s e i a a g t n 18 Mar h o s i 25 Mar s = 134). 1 Apr 8 Apr 15 Apr 22 Apr = 11,878 cases, n 11,878 3 29 Apr ]. In some schools, 6 May 13 May 20 May 27 May = 3 Jun deaths) 658 10 Jun - - - 17 Jun D 24 Jun a t e 1 Jul 2 ing withing the other students has been respected. of school are isolated, provided that physical distanc only those close in contact or who contact have outside worn secondaryif constantly cases and/or occur; or (ii) maintaining masks distance impossible are and/or not ary cases the in preschools teachers/staff. or among mentary while there were no second schools (0.38%), than ele in highschools and schools) (6.6%) (middle rate of 3.2%. The attack rate was higher secondary in teachers among resultingmission overall an in attack high schools ( schoolstwo in and offive schools middle six and of13 theamong 994 tested elementary one of 10 in children: A total of 38 secondary cases (3.8%) were identified students teachers/staff). 204 and tacts were identified, of whom were 1,198 tested (994 During the epidemiological investigations, 1,200 con uals teachers/staff (209 ( 1,039 and children) atotal population including schools), of 1,248 individ elementary 18 secondary and high schools and (middle fied: eight infant-toddler centres preschools, and 10 In the study period, classes 41 36 in schools were noti Secondary attack rate have done; none denied consent. contact them, given that the all efforts contact to them the of consent absence it if would not to be possible Committee authorised use to patients’ data even in The Ethics Nord Ethics Committee 2020/0045199). (no. The study was approved by the Area Vasta Emilia Ethical statement 0 2 8 Jul 0 15 Jul 22 Jul R e 29 Jul m e d i 5 Aug a l c Table 2 Table o 12 Aug u r s e 19 Aug s o 26 Aug p ). There). was no secondary trans e n i 2 Sep n g 9 Sep S c S h 16 Sep t o u o d l s 23 Sep y o p p e r e 30 Sep i n o i d n 7 Oct g 14 Oct 21 Oct Table 1 Table 28 Oct 4 Nov ). - - - - - - - www.eurosurveillance.org Table 1 Characteristics of teaching/childcare facilities with identified COVID-19 cases and their pupils and personnel, Reggio Emilia province, Italy, 1 September–15 October 2020 (n = 1,248) Number Percentage Number of schools 36 Type of school Infant-toddler centre and preschool (0–5 years) 8 Elementary school (6–10 years) 10 Secondary school 18 Middle school (11–13 years) 5 High school (14–19 years) 13 Number of school classes 41 Index cases 48 Students 43 Teachers/staff 5 Number of contacts identified during investigations 1,200 100 Tested students 994 82.8 Students not tested 2 0.2 Tested teachers/staff 204 17.0 Secondary cases 38 3.2a Students 38 Teachers/staff 0 COVID-19: coronavirus disease.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Federico M. Rossi Was Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After Completing His Bachelor in Political Science at the Universidad De Buenos Aires He Went to Florence
    Federico M. Rossi was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After completing his Bachelor in Political Science at the Universidad de Buenos Aires he went to Florence. In Italy he obtained at the European University Institute a Ph.D. in Political and Social Sciences in 2011. His research interests have included national and transnational social movements, protest, trade unions, democratization, and youth political participation. His field research has, to date, been primarily in Argentina, Brazil and Italy and he has written on the assemblies’ movement of Buenos Aires, the piqueteros movement in Argentina, land reform movements in Brazil, transnational movements, trade unions and globalization in Latin America, democratization and contentious politics, and youth political participation. Federico is working on two edited books and a monograph. The first volume, co-edited and co- authored with Eduardo Silva, is about the neoliberal critical juncture and the second wave of incorporation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela. The second volume, co- edited and co-authored with Marisa von Bülow, is a collection of theoretical contributions to the general literature on contentious politics by scholars studying social movements in Latin America. Finally, he is working on a single-authored monograph about the second wave of incorporation and territorial politics in Argentina. Degrees • B.A., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Political Science, 2004 • M.A. in Research, European University Institute, Political and Social Sciences, 2008 • Ph.D.,
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study in Lexical Material Relating to Nicknames and Surnames
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LEXICAL MATERIAL RELATING TO NICKNAMES AND SURNAMES By J. AQUILINA WE read in verse 19 of Chapter IT of Genesis that 'The Lord God having formed out of the ground all the beasts of the earth and all the fowls of the earth brought them to Adam to see what he would call them; For what­ soever Adam called any living creatures the same is its name'. This is the first historical record of man as a name-giver. As a name places a living, or non-living, creature, a thing or an idea, or any intellectual abstraction, within a context of recognizable reality of human experience in a way that it can be distinguished from others existing within the same, or different or kindred, category, we can say that names indi viduat­ ing realities or sUbjective reactions are indicative labels. In a sense the name is the thing or the person itself. Indeed, amongst savages the name is considered as an integral part of the person that bears it. As a rule, therefore, the savage prefers to be known rather by his substituted name than by his real name, the reason being that while one cannot harm him through the substituted name one can reach him and do him harm through his own name, which is his real personal identity. Hence the Maltese saying skond laqmek ghamlek 'A.s you are so is your surname'. Latin nomina omina 'names are omens', and a Kirundi saying [zina niryo muntu 'Le nom c'est l'homme' given by F .M.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Strategies of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia Guianensis Marcos R
    70 The Open Marine Biology Journal, 2009, 3, 70-76 Open Access Feeding Strategies of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis Marcos R. Rossi-Santos*,1,§ and Paulo A.C. Flores2 1Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina and International Wildlife Coalition, Brasil 2Centro Nacional de Pesquisa, Conservação e Manejo de Mamíferos Aquáticos – CMA, ICMBio CMA SC – Rod. Maurício Sirotsky Sobrinho, s/n, km02, Jurerê, Florianópolis, SC, 88053-700, Brasil Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, S. guianensis, through description and quantification of the strategies used by the dolphins, and possibly to apply this patterns to other areas in its distribution. Data were collected during systematic boat surveys, between November/1996 and May/1997, with 120 hours and 13 minutes of total observations. Scheffé Test was utilized to determine whether some strategies were used more than others. Six basic strategies of dolphin feeding behavior were identified: Individual Random Feeding (IRF), Group Random Feeding (GRF), Circular Cooperative Feeding (CCF), Front Cooperative feeding (FCF), Crossing Cooperative Feeding (CRF) and Zig-zag Cooperative Feeding (ZCF). The strategy GRF was statistically different from the others (Scheffé 5%). Previous studies suggested that S. guianensis exhibit two basic feeding strategies, while here we show greater diversity on the feeding behavior, with more complex and varied foraging strategies than previously reported for this species. Observed variation in the coordination of individuals, group cohesion, movement patterns, prey availability and environmental features, demonstrates the complexity of the S. guianensis feeding behavior. Keywords: Feeding behavior, Strategies, Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Transition to a Circular Economy in Emilia
    sustainability Article An Overview of the Transition to a Circular Economy in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy Considering Technological, Legal–Regulatory and Financial Points of View: A Case Study Daniela Sani 1, Sara Picone 1, Augusto Bianchini 2,* , Fabio Fava 3, Patricia Guarnieri 4 and Jessica Rossi 2 1 ART-ER Attractiveness Research Territory, 40129 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (S.P.) 2 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 4 Business Department, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0543-374438 Abstract: The circular economy is a growing and strategic topic and has motivated changes and innovations in several segments of research, businesses, financial sectors and public administration. In this context, the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) is considered a pioneer in Italy, due to the efforts taken for the transition towards a circular economy. It was the first Italian region to launch a specific law on the subject besides to have relevant projects. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse the efforts aimed at the transition to a circular economy in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, considering technological, legal–regulatory, and financial points of view under a market orientation. Complementary, we pointed out the main initiatives related to the circular economy and the areas of interest. To gather data, we conducted applied, descriptive and qualitative research.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Politics and Urban Development Policy in Buenos Aires' Most
    YALE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE The Transformation of Villa 31 Local Politics and Urban Development Policy in Buenos Aires’ Most Emblematic Slum Matthew Toland Senior Essay in Political Science Advisor: Elisabeth Jean Wood April 24, 2018 Acknowledgements The people who live and work in Villa 31 made this essay possible. Residents trusted me with their stories, allowed me to observe how they live, and invited me to participate in their daily activities. Government employees, architects, and people who work with non-profit organizations shared their experiences and risked including me in their interactions with residents of this community. I am also indebted to my advisor, Elisabeth Wood, whose involvement in this project reaches back to my sophomore year, when she began preparing me to carry out ethnographic research after accepting me into her graduate-level research methods course. She then supported my moving to Buenos Aires to study abroad and carry out field research, during which time she acted as a sounding board that helped propel this project. Her attentiveness to my analysis and writing, together with her questions, kept me turning over the evidence presented in these pages. Others at Yale supported my academic path and/or this project in various important ways. Risa Sodi and Camille Lizarríbar helped me prepare my petition to study abroad, for which Dean Lizarríbar wrote a letter of support and David Simon endorsed. The Center for International and Professional Experience was crucial to the fellowships I was awarded to carry out field research, namely, the Yale College Public Service Research Grant, Stephen Clark Senior Essay Travel Grant, and Sunrise Foundation Travel Grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Mark Invalidity Decision 0/045/03
    TRADE MARKS ACT 1994 IN THE MATTER OF APPLICATION NO. 80150 BY SERGIO ROSSI S.P.A. FOR A DECLARATION OF INVALIDITY IN RESPECT OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION NO. 2157558 IN THE NAME OF RAZMIK GHARIBIAN DECISION 1) Trade Mark 2157558 LEO ROSSI is registered, with effect from 9 February 1998 in respect of the following goods in Class 25:“Clothing; headgear”. 2) By an application dated 22 November 2001, Sergio Rossi S.P.A. of Via Indipendenza,15, 47030, San Mauro Pascoli (Forli), Italy, applied for a declaration of invalidity in respect of this registration. The grounds for invalidity are in summary: a) The applicant is the proprietor of Community Trade Mark (CTM) 391656 SERGIO ROSSI which is registered with effect from 18 October 1996, for the following goods in Class 25: “Clothing, namely, scarves, neckerchief, ties, shirts, blouses, belts, hats, T-shirts, pullovers, raincoats, skirts, jackets, trousers, socks, stockings, shoes, boots, sandals, slippers”; b) The applicant seeks a declaration of invalidity under Section 47(2)(a) on the ground that the registered proprietor’s mark is similar to its earlier trade mark and is registered for identical or similar goods and therefore offends against Section 5(2)(b) of the Trade Marks Act 1994. 3) The registered proprietor filed a counterstatement denying the ground of invalidity. 4) Both sides ask for an award of costs. Only the applicant filed evidence in these proceedings. Neither party wished to be heard. My decision will therefore be based on the pleadings and the evidence filed. APPLICANT’S EVIDENCE 5) The applicant filed two witness statements.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. 24 Issue 2 | DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2018.856 | jwsr.pitt.edu Review of The Poor’s Struggle for Political Incorporation: The Piquetero Movement in Argentina by Federico M. Rossi. 2017. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 314 pages, ISBN 978- 1316273180 Hardback ($106) Reviewed by Tomás Gold Univesity of Notre Dame [email protected] Despite the extensive academic debate generated by the so-called Pink Tide in Latin America over the last decade, few studies have aimed to provide a holistic analysis of how popular sectors organized to enter the political arena and reshape state-society relations during these governments’ years in office. The Poor’s Struggle for Political Incorporation is a promising attempt to fill this gap: it develops a stimulating theoretical framework for understanding patterns of interaction between social movements and the State after neoliberal reforms, and it highlights the importance of these dynamics in explaining the emergence and resilience of leftist governments at the dawn of the new century. Federico Rossi’s book is devoted to studying the Piquetero movement in Argentina—arguably the most significant unemployed workers’ movement in the world. Yet, the book, in fact, offers a wide array of theoretical arguments and concepts that appear to have been constructed with a view towards generating comparative analyses, an intuition that is confirmed by the appearance of a new volume co-edited by Rossi and Eduardo Silva (2018) that comprises several case studies from across the region. The concept of political incorporation, which is central to Rossi’s argument, draws on Collier and Collier’s (1991) masterpiece “Shaping the Political Arena”—a work that analyzes the first wave of incorporation of the popular sectors in Latin America during the 1930s-1950s.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentos De Trabajo
    Documentos de Trabajo Inequality and Poverty in Uruguay by Race: the Impact of Fiscal Policies Florencia Amábile, Marisa Bucheli y Máximo Rossi Documento No. 02/14 Febrero 2014 ISSN 0797-7484 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2535907 Inequality and poverty in Uruguay by race: the impact of fiscal policies Florencia Amábile, Marisa Bucheli and Máximo Rossi* Resumen En Uruguay, el sistema impositivo y el gasto social reducen la desigualdad y la pobreza (Bucheli et al. 2013). En este estudio analizamos el efecto de la política fiscal por raza teniendo en cuenta la clasificación entre blancos, afros e indígenas. La cuestión principal de nuestro trabajo es analizar si esta reducción en la desigualdad y de la pobreza beneficia a un grupo racial sobre los demás o afecta a todos los grupos por igual. Los tres grupos raciales tienen la misma probabilidad de ser sacados de la situación de extrema pobreza por el sistema de transferencias directas. Sin embargo la probabilidad de dejar la pobreza moderada es menor para los indígenas que para los otros grupos. Por lo tanto, el sistema de transferencias directas reduce la pobreza de los tres grupos pero no logra ponerlos en pie de igualdad. Cuando analizamos el ingreso promedio las conclusiones cualitativas van en la misma dirección. Las brechas raciales se reducen levemente – liderado por las transferencias en especie- y no desaparecen. Palabras clave: desigualdad, pobreza, raza, política fiscal, transferencias directas. JEL: I38, I32, D63, H22, H24 * FlorenciaAmábile is an assistant in the Department of Economics, Universidad de la República in Uruguay. Marisa Bucheli is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics, Universidad de la República in Uruguay.
    [Show full text]
  • SECED 2019 Template
    9-10 September 2019, Greenwich, London EMPIRICAL CONSEQUENCE CURVES FOR LONG-SPAN-BEAM BUILDINGS USING 2012 EMILIA-ROMAGNA EARTHQUAKE LOSS DATABASE Leonardo Rossi1, Marco Stupazzini2, Britta Holtschoppen3 Abstract: In May 2012, a series of medium-high intensity seismic events struck the central- northern part of Italy, provoking 28 casualties and vast damage to structures and infrastructures, mostly within the region Emilia-Romagna. After the seismic events, the local administrative authority started collecting information about seismic damage and consequences, so to be able to fairly distribute financial compensations to citizens and business owners – as of October 2018, the total amount of public money granted was up to EUR 1.9 billion. Information regarding buildings geometry and location, damage level, experienced direct economic losses and reconstruction costs was stored in an electronic database. The so-called SFINGE database was assembled with a bottom-up approach, with the help of both private technicians and public report- evaluation teams; as a result, the now available dataset is vast, reliable and consistent. The authors of this paper accessed SFINGE so to study a specific buildings subset: long-span-beam structures belonging to business activities. In this work, the main research results in terms of direct economic losses and reconstruction costs are reported. Innovative empirical consequence curves are provided in order to contribute to the on-going scientific discussion about seismic consequences on long-span-beam buildings. Furthermore, reported data can be included within the existing theoretical PBEE framework, significantly enhancing the state of the art of seismic performance assessment tools. Keywords: 2012 Emilia earthquake, consequence curves, business facilities, SFINGE database, loss assessment, long-span-beam buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • V I N O a L Q U a R T I N O Bianchi Bollicine Rosati Rossi V I N O I N
    V I N O a l Q U A R T I N O Bianchi (White Wines) House White 8 White Blend Luigi Baudana “Dragon” ’19 15 / 60 Pinot Grigio Esperto ‘18 Veneto 11 / 44 Friulano Livio Felluga ’18 Friuli 15 / 60 Sauvignon Betulle ‘18 Friuli 10 / 40 Kerner Abbazia di Novacella ’17 Alto Adige 14 / 56 Soave Tenuta Di Corte Giacobbe ‘17 Veneto 12 / 48 Chardonnay Bramito Della Sala ’18 Umbria 14 / 56 Vermentino Argiolas ‘18 Sardegna 11 / 44 Riesling Lechthaler ’17 Trentino Alto Adige 12 / 48 Bollicine Prosecco Bisol Jeio NV Veneto10 / 40 Moscato d’Asti elio perrone ‘17 Piemonte 13 / 26 (Sparkling Wines) Lambrusco Carafoli “ L’onesta” Emilia-Romagna 10 / 40 Rosati Brut Rosé (Split) Rotari NV Trentino (Chardonnay, Pinot Nero) 10 (Pink Wines) Barbera ‘Lavignone’ Pico Maccario ‘18 Piemonte 11 / 44 Negroamaro Claudio Quarta ‘18 Puglia 11 / 44 Rossi House Red 8 (Red Wine) Etna Rosso Murgo ’18 Sicily (Nerello Mascalese) 13 / 55 Negroamaro Perrini ’13 Sicily 12 / 48 Baby Amarone Allegrini “Palazzi Della Torre” ’16 Veneto (Corvina, Rondinella) 15 / 60 Barbera D’Asti Vietta ‘18 Piemonte 13 / 52 Nebbiolo nino negri “Quadrio”‘16 Piemonte 14 / 56 Cabernet Sauvignon Bocelli ‘17 Toscana 15 / 60 Chianti Caposaldo 17 Toscanan (sangiovese) 12 / 48 Super Tuscan Casanova delle Cerbaie “Rivale” ’11 Tuscany 14 / 56 Pinot Nero Maculan ’18 Veneto 16 / 64 Brunello di Montalcino ’14 Carpazo (sangiovese Grosso) 25 / 100 Montepulciano D’Abruzzo Il Conte ‘18 Abruzzo 11 / 44 V I N O i n B O T T I G L I A Bianchi Muller Thurgau Cantine Bolzano ‘16 Alto Adige 42 Soave Bertani ’16 (Garganega)
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstruction Cost and Insurance Refunding Empirical Evidences for Long-Span-Beam Buildings Struck by the 2012 Emilia-Romagna Earthquake
    Reconstruction Cost and Insurance Refunding Empirical Evidences for Long-span-beam Buildings Struck by the 2012 Emilia-Romagna Earthquake Leonardo ROSSI 1 1 RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Contact e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: From the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake much can be learnt in terms of seismic economic consequences. The public institutions’ need for comparable and accessible data, to be used within the reconstruction process, is the reason why researchers can finally put their hands on a vast, consistent and reliable seismic damage and loss database. In particular, after the 2012 seismic sequence, the local administrative authority, Regione Emilia-Romagna, started collecting relevant information regarding consequences occurred to structures and infrastructures, public housing, cultural heritage and business facilities. For what concerns the latter, the so-called SFINGE database was assembled in more than 6 years of reconstruction process. In SFINGE, among other things, reconstruction costs and insurance refunding were documented. In this paper, the author presents some results obtained by exploring such database, processing and checking data on thousands of buildings. In particular, long-span-beam structures were taken into consideration: for them, empirical evidences are plotted and summarized. Study results can be included within the state of the art of seismic performance assessment tools. Keywords: 2012 Emilia earthquake, consequence curves, business facilities, seismic insurance, long-span-beam buildings. 1 INTRODUCTION The seismic sequence that, in May 2012, struck a highly industrialized area of Northern Italy, provoked vast damage to structures and infrastructures, cultural heritage and business activities. During the events (also known as Emilia-Romagna Earthquake), 28 people lost their life, and at least 300 were injured; at the same time, more than 40-thousand workers, from more than 3700 different enterprises, faced temporary lay-off (R E-R, 2012a).
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    Sex, violence and politics: Eroticism in the work of Cristina Peri Rossi Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Fonder-Solano, Leah Jean Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 06:28:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289489 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMl films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.
    [Show full text]