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Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, No. 4, October 2020 ______Asia Pacific Journal of Rinconada: The People and its Language Education, Arts and Sciences Explored Vol. 7 No.4, 37-43 October 2020, Part II P-ISSN 2362-8022 Ronnie B.Rubi (EdD)1, Maria Cristina C. Molina (MAED)2 E-ISSN 2362-8030 Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology, Naga City, www.apjeas.apjmr.com ASEAN Citation Index [email protected], [email protected]

Date Received: June 25, 2020; Date Revised: September 18, 2020

Abstract – is a home of different divide people. Dialects, however, convey the specific dialects. It is rich in culture, traditions, and diversity. In qualities of a given region. Dialects are essential to our this study, Rinconada was explored by utilizing the world's international business and overall well-being. Qualitative-field research methodology. Specifically, it Dialect is defined as “a distinct linguistic form determined the concentration of BikolRinconada peculiar to a region or social group but which, speakers in the region, described the Rinconada dialect, nevertheless, can be understood by speakers of other and identified common words and phrases in Rinconada. forms of the same language”[1]. A dialect is unique to an District 5 of Bicol is known as the Rinconada district. area or community. Although a small group is part of a The study have 212 community respondents from 30 broader community (for example, the ), household visited. Based on the findings, 90% of the they are differentiated by their specific mode of speech. Rinconada district are speaking Rinconada. However, Their individuality gives them a sense of liberation. only 37% of the residences in Buhi speak Rinconada. It People from a given region also take pride in their was laso found that there is a significant correlation dialects. They are going to defend their pronunciations or between the culture and tradition associated with the phrases towards other groups. Differences are boosting Rinconada dialect. cultural diversity and increasing independence. Our Rinconada People are festive in nature and values culture wouldn't make headway in industry or family ties.Meanwhile, residents claimed that they are technology without variety. competent enough with the Rinconada dialect despite of Distinctly different dialects are not inherently a low percentage of Rinconada people who can do both community's negative trait, but such distinctive language writing and speaking the dialect. Based on the distinguishes a specific area or group of people from correlation test, Rinconada Dialect Competency is others. Differences in dialects include pronunciation, highly associated with its culture.Thus, cultivating the grammar, vocabulary, and everyday words that are rinconada dialect will also cultivate culture. Promoting readily identifiable from region to region. and implementing programs with an emphasis in The people within the same territory or locality rinconada writing and speaking is recommended. speaks the regional dialect, while the people of the same Tourism, along with education may also benefit if the group, such as class, ethnicity, education, or occupation, dialect is enriched. speak the social dialect. Thus, the two primary forms of Keywords – Bicol Region, Dialect, Language, dialects [1]. In general, the enormous diversity of Rinconada languages exists in heterogeneous communities where the scope of contact from most individuals is limited to a INTRODUCTION local region. These mixed communities make their Growing positionon this planet has its unique people to be bilinguals or multilingual as influenced by characteristics, culture, and customs. Moreover, various their interactions, such as trade and other socio-economic localities have their languages, and also have their and inter-cultural transactions [2]. dialects. One locality preserves its unique culture The people of Nigeria and Papua New Guinea, for through its language, or dialect. example, speaks about 250 and 800 languages, Blended cultures become ordinary as people respectively. And, even the residents of a small state in exchange goods and ideas. It can be argued, however, India, called Nagaland, utter 19 major languages [1]. that communication is restricted by language in this age On the other hand, , which is considered an of globalization. Individual dialects could even further exception, a vast majority of its people speak a single 37 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | E-ISSN 2362-8030 Rubi & Molina, Rinconada: The People and its Language Explored ______language. Language diversity is the norm worldwide. southeast of , , Linguistic variation within a single nation is partially a except for a section called Rinconada near Western result of regional scale and geo-climatic diversification. , Eastern Albay, including Legazpi City, and most In fact, India, none of its 17 official languages are spoken of Northern . The major influences on this by 30 percent of its total populace. Likewise, several dialect are from the neighboring language areas. languages are spoken in other giant countries such as Standard Bikol gets influenced by its adjacent dialect, Brazil, Russia, the Central Asian Republics, and China. which, in effect, become similar to it. That is the case in Smaller nations, by comparison, are more likely to Camarines Norte and Western Camarines Sur, which are exhibit linguistic uniformity. With the main exceptions nearby Tagalog speaking locality [5]. of Belgium and Switzerland, the countries within “Rinconada” is a term referring to people who speak Western Europe, when singularly viewed, speak a Bikol Rinconada. These are the group of communities homogeneous language, with each prevailing in a living in , Bato, Buhi, Bula, , and . The reasonably limited region [1]. study describes the language and people of the The Philippines, noted for its enormous diversity, Rinconada area. This study may give historical has a wide variety of political , social and economic importance in the culture and history of the Bicol Region. dialects. Over the last few decades, languages such as Moreover, this study may contribute to educators and Agta Villa Viciosa, Agta Dicamay, Ayta and curriculum developers by providing insights into the Ermiteño have been extinguished; many Filipino local community learning system, especially now that the languages are now on the endangered list. [3]. K-12 Mother tongue-based Multilingual Education Nevertheless, the greatest challenge to the Philippine (MTB-MLE) is implemented [6]. languages is the deliberate and unconscious decision of That is to say, MTB-MLE education that starts in the families not to pass on their language and culture, mother tongue and transitions to additional languages, preferring instead to give preference to regional and mainly Filipino and English. It is meant to address the national languages. In addition, tragic to the extinction of high functional , where language plays languages that lack writing systems or sufficient an important factor. Because the child's language makes historical records. However, for some provinces, it easy for him/her to express himself/herself, there is no children who are fluent in regional and national fear of making mistakes. It encourages children to languages are viewed more favorably than those who are participate actively in the learning process because they specialized in the native languages of their locality. understand what is being debated and what is being asked The Bicol Peninsula, a Philippine territory with a of them. They can use their mother tongue immediately rich history, customs, and religious activities, occupies to create and describe their universe, express their ideas, the peninsula in the southernmost island of and and add new concepts to what they already know [7]. extends to and , which are both Furthermore, the study contributes to the effort of the island provinces. Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines country to preserve and promote the local community Sur, and Sorsogon are the provinces on the mainland. language. It is thus contributing to the preservation and Most of the languages spoken in this region are promotion of the culture and tradition of its people. subsumed under the heading 'Bikol' and, due to geo- social diversity, also have dialect variations [4]. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY However, the considerable distinction of some The study aims to assess the Rinconada speakers. dialect variations from the standard dialect can, upon Specifically, it sought to describe the terminology thorough study, consider them languages in their own “RINCONADA,” determine the numbers of Bikol right. The languages spoken in the region which are not Rinconada speakers within the district, take notes of the considered to be Bikol are (1) Tagalog, spoken in most local language used and culture by the community, of Camarines Norte up to a line running roughly NE-SW Residents’ competency perception of the rinconada in the general vicinity of the capital city of Daet, and (2) culture and language, and test the significant correlation Masbateño, spoken on the main island of Masbate, which between dialect competency and culture. is commonly believed to be similar to the southern Visayan languages [4]. Under the heading ‘Bikol’ the MATERIALS AND METHODS standard dialect is usually attributed to the traditional Research Method cultural center of Naga City and its immediate environs. In this study, a Qualitative-field research method This dialect is spoken without significant variation in was utilized. The study observed, interacted, and 38 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | ASEAN Citation Index | E-ISSN 2362-8030 Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, No. 4, October 2020 Part II Rubi & Molina, Rinconada: The People and its Language Explored ______understood Rinconada’s while they are in a natural video-tapes, voice records and journals. Thematic environment. A research-made questionnaire is used to Analysis were utilized to analyse the data gathered. gather the data needed in the study. Besides, the A survey method were also utilized to determine the researcher conducted direct observation and perception of the respondents in their competency of the participation observation with the Rinconada’s. Rinconada Dialect and the present culture in the area. Interviews with the community leaders of the different municipalities of the Rinconada District, namely: Baao, Research Instrument Bato, Bula, Iriga, and Nabua, to gather the necessary data For the key informant interviews, a list of guide for the study were also conducted. To measure the questions were utilized to tackle the needed topics in the validity of the inquiry, references and similar researches study. The research instruments are observations sheets, were incorporated. journals, video and audio recording devices. The list of guide questions are validated by the committee on Research Locale and Participants research. The study was conducted in the Rinconada District of Camarines Sur, Bicol Region, Philippines. There are Data Analysis six municipalities included in the Rinconada District, To determine the residents’ perception of their which are Baao, Bato, Bula’, Iriga, and Nabua. culture and language, the data for the culture present in the Rinconada area were analysed through a thematic Table 1. Respondents of the Study analysis. It is a scalable data analysis program which is Municipalities Number of Number of used by qualitative researchers to create themes from Community Households data from interviews. This methodology is versatile in Leaders observed/visited that there is no particular study method associated with Baao 5 30 thematic analysis; to name a few, it can be used for case Bato 5 33 studies, phenomenology, generic qualitative Buhi 5 38 investigation and narrative investigation [8]. Data were Bula 5 33 also analyzed through the use of getting the statistical Iriga City 5 36 mean and a likert scale. Statistical means were derived Nabua 5 42 by identifying, and including in the interview questions, Total 30 212 some key customs and traditions and the respondents were asked on the level of their knowledge and practice Shown in Table 1 are the participants of the study. of that specific custom and tradition. The likert scale The study interviewed 30 community leaders or used in the study is presented in Table 2. To examine the captains of the Rinconada district. In addition, relation between Rinconada Competency and Culture, 212 households were identified as residents of the Pearson correlation analysis was employed. Rinconada district for for several generations are visited, observed and indetified. Table 2. Likert Scale

Scale Verbal Description Data Gathering Procedure 1.0 - 1.80 Not at All Data gathering procedures for the study are key 1.81 - 2.60 Barely informant interviews, interviews, observations, and site 2.61-3.40 Fair visits. 3.41-4.21 Fairly Well The community leaders are the participants for the 4.21-5.00 Very Well Focus Group Discussion. Key informant interviews was also conducted to have first-hand knowledge regarding Ethical Considerations the Rinconada District; it’s people, language, and The institutional research committee standards environment. The interviews are loosely structured, guided the conduct of the study. Furthermore, informed relying on a list of issues needed in the study, and the consent were secured from the respondents after the discourse was recorded. explanation of their rights and assurance of their Observations and Community Emersion were also anonymity and privacy. conducted to gather the necessary data to understand the Rinconada. Record of observations were secured through

39 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | ASEAN Citation Index | E-ISSN 2362-8030 Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, No. 4, October 2020 Part II Rubi & Molina, Rinconada: The People and its Language Explored ______RESULTS AND DISCUSSION pre-Spanish period, it retains much of the original accent, Dialect is a specific form of a language that has lexicon, and vocabularies of the old RinconadaBikol. But great significance to a nationality. "Rinconada" is the way they speak the language is much more similar to derived from the Rinconada District in Camarines Sur Iriga than Nabua, though, for example, Baao and Bato where the language originated, developed, and is lost the sound / ţ/ and have additional intonation. primarily spoken [9],[10]. It was also referring to people Despite these differences, the different variants of this who speak the Bikol Rinconada. language are highly and intelligible to one another. Rinconada is situated in the southern tip of However, the standard Rinconada Bikol-Iriga version- Camarines Sur Provinces in the main island of Luzon. can and must be used for documentation, legal purposes, They are in the fifth congressional district, with a voting and reference. Even if the mother of all Rinconada is population of 240, 559 [11]. Nabua, ethnically speaking, but concerning The majority of the 5th Congressional district of standardizing and legalizing this rich language, there Camarines Sur speak Rinconada, which is composed of should always be a variant of Iriga. Nabua, Iriga City, Bato, Baao, Bula and Buhi. However, Some Words, Phrases, or Sentences you will hear majority of the municipality of Buhi speaks Buhinon. It in the Rinconada Community are listed in Table 4. can also be observed that the dialect is dominant at theneighboring localities such as, Pili (the provincial Table 4. Common words, phrases and sentences in capital), the western barangays of Ocampo, the northern Rinconada barangays of and Libon in Albay. Rinconada English Iká You Table 3. Concentration of the Rinconada Bikol Speakers Subsubán To burn Town Population No of Percentage* Uno ngaranmo? What is your name? Rinconada Uda None Speakers* Magpánik To climb Baao 58,849 58849 100% Diri No Bato 52,137 52137 100% Amo Yes Buhi 69,430 25457 37% Nagraan Died Bula 69,430 69430 100% Ako nag-aalopna I am hungry. Iriga City 111,757 111757 100% Di ko man isi. I don’t know. Nabua 83,874 83874 100% Marongóg To hear Total 445,477 401504 90% Magkaón To eat Table 3 shows the number of rinconada residents Buwáy to live, be alive based from the data of the Annual Report of the Magbukás to open, uncover Provincial Tourism Office, 2016 [18]. It is identified that Magtanóm to plant Magsábi to say only 90% are rinconada speaking. Furthermore only maíling to see 37% are rinconada speaking residents coming from the magtayí' to sew Municipality of Buhi. mag-ola', mag-ula' to sit magtúrog to sleep Bikol Rinconda - Dialect Description magparóng to sniff, smell For the same thing, many cultures are using saksák to stab, pierce different words or pronunciations. Specific Tindóg to stand pronunciations help to give a culture its identity. Exact magtabán to steal translations are many times impossible. One language, Ayam Dog for example, may have a particular word for something, Napa sari na raw? Where did it go? Raraga Teenage girl whereas another does not. If the same set of words and Igin Child pronunciations were standardized for each language, Ngowan Now cultures would lose their identities. Sap-na Cook rice The Iriga variant is standard for Bikol Rinconada. Istoryanamo Our story In Bula, Baao, and even in Buhi and Bato, it is more Tawo People appropriate, unlike the Nabua version that is only backed Ngud Sibling by the city of . Though the population of Iriga and much of the Rinconada District came from Nabua during 40 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | ASEAN Citation Index | E-ISSN 2362-8030 Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, No. 4, October 2020 Part II Rubi & Molina, Rinconada: The People and its Language Explored ______People travel and expand their knowledge that sabi ni itay, iyo an dapat masunod. Diri ika pwede includes new languages and dialects. Opening up one's sumuway, ta ika malapnitan” (In here, what our father mind encourages imagination. Accumulation of ideas say should be followed or else you will be hit.) At the triggers new ideas. Therefore, these interactions same time, some families have their relatives as contribute to developments and new ways of thought as neighbors. As said in an interview with a young woman; we communicate globally. “Makatakot sadi maghanap agumon ta ang samong kataraid sana man, baga samo man sanang Table 5. Resident’s Competency of the Rinconada kapartidaryo”(It is hard to look for a husband here in Dialect our area, since our relatives are also our neighbors.) Indicators Mean Description In rinconada, the father is commonly called as “tatay” or “itay” and the mother is “nanay” o “inay”. For 1. Native speaker of Rinconada 3.88 Fair older brother, “manoy” and for the elder sister is 4.41 Very Well 2. Speaks fluently in Rinconada “manay”. 3. Can write in Rinconada 2.55 Barely 4. Knows how to write and 2.35 Barely 2. Customs and Traditions speak in Rinconada People of Rinconada start their day with a cup of 5. Can understand Rinconada 3.59 Fair coffee early at dawn. They are usually loud and all but Can not speak it smiles. Thus, festivities are always the highlight of their Average 3.35 Fair year. Each municipality have their own festivals and

town fiestas. Most festivals are held to give thanks in the Table 5 shows the residents’ competency of the bounty blessings they received throughout the year. Rinconada dialect. In the study, knowledge of the Furthermore, they also observe the annual festival of the rinconada dialect is determined. Shown in Table 5, the Bicol Region in honor of the Virgin of Penafrancia. In residents claims that they can fluently speaks in addition, People of Rinconada also believe in “mas Rinconada (푥̅ = 4.41) , however the residents rated that bonga, mas magayon” (the grander, the better). they can’t write in Rinconada (푥̅ =2.55) and most can not In weddings,as mentioned by most elderly “Diri do both speaking and writing in rinconada (푥̅ =2.35). . kumpleto ah kasal kung uda ang Pantomina.” (a This results only confirms that most locals are conversant wedding is not complete when it does not have the or know how to speak and use Rinconada as a daily Pantomina). Pantomina is being performed by the newly language, except of course the people in Buhi (the wed and the guests of the wedding are pinning bills in majority speaks Buhinon, another language of Bicol). the clothes of the newly wed. Pantomina is a love dance However, even the folks in Buhi can talk and with its movements mimicking or patronizing the mating communicate well with the people in Rinconada. or love making of doves or the “salampati” (bikol term Furthermore, based on the visits and observation for dove) [12] . in the Rinconada district, every single person encountered while doing the study can speak Rinconada Table 6. Cultural Competency of the Rinconada People Bikol. Furthermore, most have knowledge with other Indicator Mean Description Bicol languages like Bikol Naga and Albay. It is also observed that some also know how to speak and 1. Know the prevailing beliefs, customs, norms and values of the 4.25 Very Well understand the (the national langauge community of the Philippines) and . 2. Able to adapt the social 4.06 Fairly Well protocol within the community Rinconada Culture 3. Know what languages are used 4.34 Very Well Based on the thematic analysis with the interviews by the community 4. Attend cultural events within of the respondents the following themes are deducted. 3.90 Fairly Well communities 5. Interact with the people in the 1. Family 4.34 Very Well Family in Rinconada areas is Patriarch in nature. community The father is the head of the household regardless in who Average 4.19 Fairly Well is the breadwinner of the family. The Rinconada family is also observed to stay within the same community or barangay. As one of the respondent “Sadi kun uno ah 41 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | ASEAN Citation Index | E-ISSN 2362-8030 Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, No. 4, October 2020 Part II Rubi & Molina, Rinconada: The People and its Language Explored ______Cultural Competence is describe as the ability to celebrate different events. Furthermore, the people of comprehend, appreciate and interact with people for rinconada celebrates different festivals in honor of the cultures or belief systems different from one's own.[13] bounty harvest and resources and they also values family In Table 6, cultural competency of Rinconada people ties as observed in their community. The customs and were presented. Based on the results, the cultural traditions of thanksgiving and strong family ties helps the competency of the rinconada’s are fairly well. This Rinconada people to be able to face daily challenges for results indicates that rinconada’s are fairly competent in they know that more blessings are coming and they understanding, appreciating and interacting with people know, too that they have a very strong support group in eventhough it have different culture than they are. their families. In weddings, Pantomina dance is religiously observed, which also depict the Rinconada Table 7. Correlation between Rinconada Dialect trait of sharing. Competency and Culture Language, or in this case, dialect, just like culture, Dialect Pearson Correlation .942** is an essential characteristic of existence of a society. Competency Sig. (2-tailed) .000 And, as an important resource, the dialect can be a mover & Culture N 160 of sustainable community development [16]. Thus it is recommended that programs and projects be Typically one particular language refers to a group implemented with an emphasis of cultivating the of people and being part of the group's identity [14]. With Rinconada dialect not just for speaking but also for this in mind, association of the Rinconada dialect writing in such a way that will preserve the culture and competency and culture were presented in Table 7. traditions that is binded by the same dialect. Especially Based on the results of the Pearson Correlation, now that in the Philippines, K to 12 education promotes Table 7 indicate that the strength of association between the Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education for the Rinconada Dialect Comptenency and Culture is very Grade 1 to 3 students, which let the younger generation high (r = 0.942), and that the correlation coefficient is embrace not just the dialect but at the same time preserve very highly significantly different from zero (P < 0.001). and promote their identity. On another hand, Also, it can be said that the 94% of the variation in the preservation of the dialect and cultivation of the culture culture is explained by the competency of the dialect. and tradition along with it may also enhance tourism This result confirms that culture of a society and the activities. Clear policy on preserving the different country is associated with the language the people is using languages needs to be in place. As also recommended by [15]. Being cultural competent, one must understand the Mapolisa [17], to adapt it to local needs, the current language, traditions and social protocols in the local language policy needs to be revisited with the goal of community they are part of and being competent in the rebranding it. local language present is a big advantage. Language is a Culture cultivation is a significant aspect in vehicle of communication, whereas communication is the enriching and empowering new generations. As old way for you to rich out to people and converse with them adage Gat Jose would profess, “He who does not thus understanding their culture. know how to look back at where he came from will never get to his destination.” As we thrive to become better CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION members of our own community, it is therefore important Based on the findings, of the total number of the to underscore dialect as an enabling component of a just population in the Rinconada district, 90% are Rinconada and progressive citizen. speakers. Fifth District of the Bicol Region is known as the home of rinconada speakers. Besides, the number of REFERENCES Rinconada speakers implies that the dialect is alive and [1] Misra, M. (2012, December 26). 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