DOCSLIB.ORG

Wilhelm Erb's Electrotherapeutics and Scientific Medicine in the 19Th

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wilhelm Erb's Electrotherapeutics and Scientific Medicine in the 19Th Wilhelm Erb's Electrotherapeutics and Scientific Medicine in 19th Century Germany Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD at University College, University of London by Bettina Alexandra Bryan ProQuest Number: 10017275 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10017275 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921) was the co­ discoverer of the knee jerk response and is often referred to as the German counterpart of the French neurologist Jean Charcot. Erb advocated the use of electricity as a therapeutic agent, particularly in nervous diseases. He belonged to the first generation of German physicians educated in the spirit of Virchow's programme of naturwissenschaftllche Medizin. Among them were his mentor Nikolaus Friedreich, who exerted the most decisive and singular influence upon Erb, Albert Eulenburg, Eduard Hitzig and Hugo von Ziemssen. They were all reputable scientifically minded clinicians with a keen interest in advancing medical therapy and among the most ardent supporters of 'scientific' electrotherapy. My thesis is not intended to be a comprehensive biographical account of Erb's life but aims to explore the broader reasons for his advocacy of electrotherapy during the first phase (1860-1880) of the implementation of natural scientific medicine in Germany. Part I portrays the contemporary social, political and institutional context at Heidelberg University located in the German State of Baden where Erb received his medical training and spent almost exclusively his entire professional career. Part II illustrates the intellectual roots and 3 epistemological objectives of Rudolf Virchow's concept of naturwissenschaftllche Medizin, I emphasize the political and social significance of Virchow's medical reform and its appeal to a generation of medical men raised in the aftermath of the failed 1848 Revolution. Erb is characterised as a "typical child of his time." I also discuss the aesthetic appeal of electricity which helped to promote its medical utilisation. Part III provides a history of German electrotherapy and investigates the intra-scientific rationale for the momentary enthusiastic employment of medical electricity. It concludes with an analysis of Erb's chief electrotherapeutic publications and actual practice. Table of Contents Introduction p. 9 Chapter Summary p.14 Chapter 1: Wilhelm Erb's Biography p.18 Part I Heidelberg Chapter 2: Heidelberg University - the hotbed of the kleindeutsche national unification movement General Introduction p.25 Politics in Baden and at Heidelberg University p.37 Chapter 3: Institutional History of the Badenese University Heidelberg and its Medical Faculty General Introduction p.47 The Medical Faculty and University Hospitals in Heidelberg p.57 Chapter 4: Erb's attempts to establish an electrotherapeutic ward p.75 Part II Naturvissenschaftliche Medizin and "the poetrv of reality" Chapter 5: The German school of Naturwissenschaft- liche Medizin: Scientia est Potentia General Introduction p. 88 The role of medical diagnosis and therapy in 'naturvissenschaftliche Medizin' p.118 Chapter 6: Biography of Nikolaus Friedreich p.146 Chapter 7: Zeitgeist and Electrotherapy p.160 Part III Electricity and Medicine Chapter 8: The Context of contemporary Electrophysiology p.179 Chapter 9: Short History of Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis in German Medicine p.210 Chapter 10: Analysis of Wilhelm Erb's electrotherapeutic publications and practice Introduction p.242 I. Galvanotherapeutische Mittheilungen p.245 II. Electrotonische Erscheinungen am Menschen p.261 III. Electro-otology a. Die galvanische Reaktion des nervosen Gehorapparates im gesunden and kranken Zustand p.270 b. Zur galvanischen Behandlung von Augen-und Ohrenleiden p.278 IV.Zur Pathologie und pathologischen Anatomie peripherischer Paralysen p.286 Conclusion p.316 Bibliography p.333 Acknow1edgements It is a pleasure to thank some of the many people who have helped me during the course of my work on this thesis. Above all, my sincere thanks to Professor Bynum who has been a patient and most supportive supervisor. My research has been made possible thanks to a generous grant from the Wellcome Trust. 1 am grateful for the time, friendship and advice from so many students at the Wellcome Institute. 1 am especially indebted to Katharina Rowold, Carole Reeves and Cornelius Borck. During my research on this study 1 have constantly relied upon the following libraries in London: the Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine, the British Museum Library, the library at the Institute of Neurology Queen's Square, the library of the Royal Society of Medicine, the library of the Royal College of Surgeons and the library of the German Historical Institute. In Germany 1 visited the Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe and the University Archive of the University of Heidelberg. 1 am grateful to all the library staff for their assistance and kindness. 1 thank especially Lindsay Lardner at the Wellcome Library for her patience in tracking down material. I also want to thank Dr Hugh Bostock from the Institute of Neurology at the National Hospital for Neurology at Queen's Square, London for his advice on chapter 8. Last, but not least, I thank my husband Nicolas for his patience, tolerance and encouragement. Introduction This thesis examines the practice of electrotherapy during the early stages of the emergence of naturwissenschaftllche Medizin (natural scientific medicine) in Germany. I have chosen to focus on the early electrotherapeutic publications and practice of Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921). Not only has Erb been hailed as Germany's first and foremost neurologist and one of the founding fathers of modern electrotherapy^ but also as the epitome of a 19th century reputable physician of natural scientific persuasion. However, my thesis is not intended to be a full blown biographical account of Erb's life and career. Many aspects of Erb's work have already been discussed by medical historians. Erb is often characterised as a gifted nosologist for he unearthed many neurological disease entities. He wrote extensively on muscular dystrophy, spastic spinal paraplegia and was among the first to recognize the relationship between tabes dorsalis and syphilis. He also described the upper brachial plexus lesion and the clinical aspects of 'myasthenia gravis'.^ Wilhelm Erb ^ F.Schiller, 'Neurology: The Electrical Root', in Bynum and Rose (eds.) Historical Aspects of the Neurosciences. New York, Raven Press, 1982, pp.1-11, p.8; F.Garrison, Historv of Neuroloav, Springfield Illinois, Charles C. Thomas Publ., 1969, p.298 ^ W.Haymaker, The Founders of Neuroloav, Springfield Illinois, Charles C. Thomas Publ., 1953; J.Ibeling, 'Wilhelm Erb und seine Bedeutung filr die Neurologie', 10 is probably best known for the discovery of the patellar tendon reflex in 1875. This aspect of his work has already been covered by a medical dissertation.^ Less attention has been paid to his ardent advocacy of electrotherapy in clinical medicine and neuropathology. One reason might be that medical electricity never quite rid itself from the less progressive image of mesmerism and animal-magnetism. To be sure during Erb's time the image of medical electricity never quite ceased to be tarnished by the popular perception of electricity as a panacea. This perception was further promoted by advertisements in popular magazines praising the beneficial effects of electrical gadgets like Pulvermacher's electric chain. Erb was anxious to stress that he had "no acquaintance with such things and that they played an unduly prominent part in the jugglery of quacks and charlatans. Despite some residual misgivings towards medical electricity a significant number of contemporary reputable physicians started to promote electrical medicine. They insisted that electrotherapeutics was a Inaug.Diss., Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universitàt München, 1940, pp.5-37; K.Kolle, Grosse Nervenarzte, Stuttgart, Thieme, 1970 ^ H.B.Wolf, 'Zur Entdeckung des Patellarsehnen- reflexes durch Erb und Westphal', in Rothschuh und Toellner (eds.) Münster'sche Beitraae zur Geschichte und Theorie der Medizin. Nr.11, Münster, 1976 " W.Erb, Handbook of Electrotherapeutics, London, Smith & Elder, 1887, p.286 11 creditable specialty and stressed its scientific character. Among them were Nikolaus Friedreich, Wilhelm Erb, Albert Eulenburg, Eduard Hitzig and Hugo von Ziemssen. They all belonged to Virchow's school of naturwissenschaftllche Medizin. I intend to show that the rising interest in electrotherapeutics was closely linked to the rise of Virchow's programme of naturwissenschaftliche Medizin which aspired to regenerate German medicine. It was closely associated with an optimistic revival of medical therapy, aimed at the demise of therapeutic nihilism, and thus to emancipate the 'Klinik' in the face of a rapidly institutionalising physiology. One less well known part of Virchow's objective consisted in the activation and renewal of clinical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Kraepelinian Tradition Paul Hoff, MD, Phd
    Clinical research The Kraepelinian tradition Paul Hoff, MD, PhD Introduction n the 21st century, Emil Kraepelin’s views remain a majorI point of reference, especially regarding nosol- ogy and research strategies in psychiatry. However, the “neo-Kraepelinian” perspective has also been criticized substantially in recent years, the nosological dichotomy Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) was an influential figure in of schizophrenic and affective psychoses being a focus the history of psychiatry as a clinical science. This pa- of this criticism. A thorough knowledge and balanced per, after briefly presenting his biography, discusses interpretation of Kraepelin’s work as it developed along- the conceptual foundations of his concept of mental side the nine editions of his textbook (published between illness and follows this line of thought through to late 1883 and 1927)1 is indispensable for a profound under- 20th-century “Neo-Kraepelinianism,” including recent standing of this important debate, and for its further de- criticism, particularly of the nosological dichotomy of velopment beyond the historical perspective. endogenous psychoses. Throughout his professional life, Kraepelin put emphasis on establishing psychiatry A brief biography as a clinical science with a strong empirical background. He preferred pragmatic attitudes and arguments, thus Emil Kraepelin was born in Neustrelitz (Mecklenburg, underestimating the philosophical presuppositions of West Pomerania, Germany) on February 15, 1856. He his work. As for nosology, his central hypothesis is the studied medicine in Leipzig and Wuerzburg from 1874 un- existence and scientific accessibility of “natural disease til 1878. He worked as a guest student at the psychiatric entities” (“natürliche Krankheitseinheiten”) in psychi- hospital in Wuerzburg under the directorship of Franz von atry.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 100 Neurology Greats
    TOP 100 NEUROLOGY GREATS 1. Raymond ADAMS 2. William John ADIE 3. Theophile ALAJOUANINE 4. Thomas Clifford ALLBUTT 5. Alois ALZHEIMER 6. Julius ARNOLD 7. Joseph BABINSKI 8. Jean Alexander BARRE 9. Charles BELL 10. Hans BERGER 11. Claude BERNARD 12. Walter Russell BRAIN 13. Paul BROCA 14. Korbinian BRODMANN 15. Santiago Ramón y CAJAL 16. Walter Bradford CANNON 17. Jean-Martin CHARCOT 18. Hans CHIARI 19. Macdonald CRITCHLEY 20. Hans Gerherdt CRUETZFELDT 21. Walter Edward DANDY 22. Derek DENNY-BROWN 23. Joseph Jules DEJERINE 24. Francis Xavier DERCUM 25. Guillaume DUCHENNE The Neurology Lounge http://www.theneurologylounge.com/ TOP 100 NEUROLOGY GREATS 26. Ludwig EDINGER 27. Wilhelm Heinrich ERB 28. David FERRIER 29. Charles Miller FISHER 30. Edward FLATAU 31. Charles FOIX 32. Otfrid FOERSTER 33. Sigmund FREUD 34. Nikolaus FRIEDREICH 35. Raymond GARCIN 36. Henri GASTAUT 37. Norman GESCHWIND 38. Samuel GOLDFLAM 39. William Richard GOWERS 40. Georges GUILLAIN 41. Graeme HAMMOND 42. Anita HARDING 43. Henry HEAD 44. Johann HOFFMANN 45. Gordon Morgan HOLMES 46. Johann Friedrich HORNER 47. James Ramsay HUNT 48. George HUNTINGTON 49. Alfons Maria JAKOB 50. John Hughlings JACKSON The Neurology Lounge http://www.theneurologylounge.com/ TOP 100 NEUROLOGY GREATS 51. Herbert Henri JASPER 52. Smith Ely JELLIFFE 53. Robert Foster KENNEDY 54. Erik Klas Hendrik KUGELBERG 55. Sergei Sergeievich KORSAKOFF 56. Hugo Karl LIEPMANN 57. John Newport LANGLEY 58. William Gordon LENNOX 59. Arvid LINDAU 60. Gheorghe MARINESCU 61. Rita LEVI-MONTALCINI 62. Friedrich Heinrich LEWY 63. Jean LHERMITTE 64. Pierre MARIE 65. C David MARSDEN 66. Brian McARDLE 67. H Houston MERRITT 68.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Two Brains – Cortical Localization and Neurophysiology in the 19Th and 20Th Century
    Commentary A Tale of Two Brains – Cortical localization and neurophysiology in the 19th and 20th century Philippe-Antoine Bilodeau, MDCM(c)1 MJM 2018 16(5) Abstract Introduction: Others have described the importance of experimental physiology in the development of the brain sciences and the individual discoveries by the founding fathers of modern neurology. This paper instead discusses the birth of neurological sciences in the 19th and 20th century and their epistemological origins. Discussion: In the span of two hundred years, two different conceptions of the brain emerged: the neuroanatomical brain, which arose from the development of functional, neurological and neurosurgical localization, and the neurophysiological brain, which relied on the neuron doctrine and enabled pre-modern electrophysiology. While the neuroanatomical brain stems from studying brain function, the neurophysiological brain emphasizes brain functioning and aims at understanding mechanisms underlying neurological processes. Conclusion: In the 19th and 20th century, the brain became an organ with an intelligible and coherent physiology. However, the various discoveries were tributaries of two different conceptions of the brain, which continue to influence sciences to this day. Relevance: With modern cognitive neuroscience, functional neuroanatomy, cellular and molecular neurophysiology and neural networks, there are different analytical units for each type of neurological science. Such a divide is a vestige of the 19th and 20th century development of the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological brains. history of medicine, history of neurology, cortical localization, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, 19th century 1Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. 3Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Corresponding Author: Kamiar Mireskandari, email [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Constantin Von Monakow
    Constantin von Monakow ConstantinConstantinConstantin vonvon vonMonakow Monakow Monakow Pionier und Wegweiser der Zürcher PionierPionier Pionierund Wegweiserund und Wegweiser Wegweiser der der Zürcher Zürcher NeurowissenschaftenNeurowissenschaften der ZürcherNeurowissenschaften Neurowissenschaften von von AntonAnton Valavanis Valavanis und Alexander und Alexander Borbély Borbély von Anton Valavanis und Alexander Borbély von Anton Valavanis und Alexander Borbély Klinisches Klinisches Neurozentrum Neurozentrum 2019 2019 Klinisches Neurozentrum 2019 Impressum Herausgeber Klinisches Neurozentrum, Universitätsspital Zürich Copyright Copyright© 2019 Klinisches Neurozentrum, Universitätsspital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz Gestaltung Susanna Sigg, Klinisches Neurozentrum, Universitätsspital Zürich Text Anton Valavanis, Alexander Borbély Druck N+E Print AG, Bahnhofstrasse 23, 8854 Siebnen Auflage 200 Adresse Klinisches Neurozentrum Zentrumsadministration Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zürich Telefon +41 44 255 56 20 [email protected], [email protected] Korrespondenz Prof. emeritus Dr. med. Anton Valavanis Klinisches Neurozentrum USZ Frauenklinikstrasse 10 CH-8091 Zürich E-Mail: [email protected] Website www.neurozentrum.usz.ch Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Die Vorgänger der Zürcher Neurowissenschaft Seite 4 2. Von Monakows erste Wirkungsphase in Zürich Seite 6 3. Von Monakow und die Zürcher Medizinische Fakultät Seite 8 4. Von Monakow und die Neurologie als Lehrfach Seite 9 5. Von Monakows Förderung der Interdisziplinarität in den Neurowissenschaften und seine Interaktion mit Walter Rudolf Hess Seite 10 6. Die von Monakowsche Hirnforschung und von Monakows neurowissenschafliche Meisterwerke Seite 18 7. Internationale Anerkennung des von Monakowschen Hirnanatomischen Institutes Seite 23 8. Von Monakow und die Verselbständigung der Neurologie Seite 23 9. Von Monakow und seine Hirnsammlung Seite 25 10. Von Monakows letzte Jahre: von der Hirnforschung zur Neurophilosophie Seite 25 11. Von Monakows letztes Manuskript Seite 27 12.
    [Show full text]
  • El Maestro De La Medicina Platense Christofredo Jakob, Discípulo Y Amigo De Adolf Von Strümpell
    ISSN: 0328-0446 Electroneurobiología vol. 14 (1), pp. 115-170, 2006 El Maestro de la medicina platense Christofredo Jakob, discípulo y amigo de Adolf von Strümpell por Vicente Oddo Médico, poeta e historiador santiagueño, publicó en los Anuarios de El Liberal "Los médicos y la medicina en Santiago del Estero desde la fundación", en 1968; y "Panorama de la ciencia en Santiago del Estero desde mediados del S. XVI hasta comienzos del S. XX" en 1973. Al presente lleva publicados trece libros, desde uno filosófico, Medicina y Eudemonismo, Sgo. del Estero, 1972, hasta otro de historia médica provincial, Historia de la Medicina en Santiago del Estero - Su evolución conjunta al desarrollo científico-técnico cultural local, desde mediados del siglo XVI hasta promediar el siglo XX, Sgo. del Estero, 1999, 465 pp; y en colaboración con el lingüista Domingo A. Bravo, Estudio semántico del léxico médico de la Lengua Quichua Santiagueña: Buenos Aires, Academia Argentina de Letras, 1992. Es Académico Nacional Co- rrespondiente de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires (desde 1982), de la Aca- demia de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba (desde 1975) y de la Academia Argentina de la Historia (desde 1987). Recibió en 2005 el Premio Diego Alcorta de la Asociación Médica Argentina. Contacto / correspondence: voddo[at-]arnet.com.ar y Mariela Szirko Contacto / correspondence: Postmaster[at--]neurobiol.cyt.edu.ar Electroneurobiología 2006; 14 (1), pp. 115-170; URL <http://electroneubio.secyt.gov.ar/index2.htm> Copyright ©2006 Electroneurobiología. Este es un artículo de acceso público; la copia exacta y redistribución por cualquier medio están permitidas bajo la condición de conservar esta noticia y la referencia completa a su publicación actual incluyendo la URL original (ver arriba).
    [Show full text]
  • History-Of-Movement-Disorders.Pdf
    Comp. by: NJayamalathiProof0000876237 Date:20/11/08 Time:10:08:14 Stage:First Proof File Path://spiina1001z/Womat/Production/PRODENV/0000000001/0000011393/0000000016/ 0000876237.3D Proof by: QC by: ProjectAcronym:BS:FINGER Volume:02133 Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 95 (3rd series) History of Neurology S. Finger, F. Boller, K.L. Tyler, Editors # 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Chapter 33 The history of movement disorders DOUGLAS J. LANSKA* Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tomah, WI, USA, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA THE BASAL GANGLIA AND DISORDERS Eduard Hitzig (1838–1907) on the cerebral cortex of dogs OF MOVEMENT (Fritsch and Hitzig, 1870/1960), British physiologist Distinction between cortex, white matter, David Ferrier’s (1843–1928) stimulation and ablation and subcortical nuclei experiments on rabbits, cats, dogs and primates begun in 1873 (Ferrier, 1876), and Jackson’s careful clinical The distinction between cortex, white matter, and sub- and clinical-pathologic studies in people (late 1860s cortical nuclei was appreciated by Andreas Vesalius and early 1870s) that the role of the motor cortex was (1514–1564) and Francisco Piccolomini (1520–1604) in appreciated, so that by 1876 Jackson could consider the the 16th century (Vesalius, 1542; Piccolomini, 1630; “motor centers in Hitzig and Ferrier’s region ...higher Goetz et al., 2001a), and a century later British physician in degree of evolution that the corpus striatum” Thomas Willis (1621–1675) implicated the corpus
    [Show full text]
  • Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: the Localization of Cerebral
    brain & behavior 5. Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: the Localization of Cerebral complex systems Function biology As the 19th century progressed, the problem of the relationship of mind to brain science education became especially acute as physiologists and psychologists began to focus on the nature and localization of cerebral function. In a diffuse and general way, the idea of science & culture functional localization had been available since antiquity. A notion of "soul" globally guest exhibitions related to the brain, for example, can be found in the work of Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Plato, Erisistratus, and Galen, among others. The pneumatic physiologists of the middle ages thought that mental capacities were located in the fluid of the ventricles. As belief in animal spirits died, however, so too did the ventricular hypothesis; and by 1784, when Jiri Prochaska published his De functionibus systematis nervosi, interest had shifted to the brain stem and cerebrum. Despite these early views, the doctrine of functional localization proper -- the notion that specific mental processes are correlated with discrete regions of the brain -- and the attempt to establish localization by means of empirical observation were essentially 19th century achievements. The first critical steps toward those ends can be traced to the work of Franz Josef Gall (1758- 1828). Gall [see figure 13] was born in Baden and studied medicine at Strasbourg and Vienna, where he received his degree in 1785. Impressed as a child by apparent correlations between unusual talents in his friends and striking variations in facial or cranial appearance, Gall set out to evolve a new cranioscopic method of localizing mental faculties.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part II: Resistance Against the Third Reich Lawrence A
    HISTORICAL REVIEW Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part II: Resistance against the Third Reich Lawrence A. Zeidman ABSTRACT: Previously, I mentioned that not all neuroscientists collaborated with the Nazis, who from 1933 to 1945 tried to eliminate neurologic and psychiatric disease from the gene pool. Oskar and Cécile Vogt openly resisted and courageous ly protested against the Nazi regime and its policies, and have been discussed previously in the neurology literature. Here I discuss Alexander Mitscherlich, Haakon Saethre, Walther Spielmeyer, Jules Tinel, and Johannes Pompe. Other neuroscientists had ambivalent roles, including Hans Creutzfeldt, who has been discussed previously. Here, I discuss Max Nonne, Karl Bonhoeffer, and Oswald Bumke. The neuroscientists who resisted had different backgrounds and moti vations that likely influenced their behavior, but this group undoubtedly saved lives of colleagues, friends, and patients, or at least prevented forced sterilizations. By recognizing and understanding the actions of these heroes of neuroscience, we pay homage and realize how ethics and morals do not need to be compromised even in dark times. RÉSUMÉ: Neuroscience en Europe sous domination nazie, 2e partie : résistance contre le Troisième Reich. J’ai mentionné antéri eurement que tous les neuroscientifiques n’avaient pas collaboré avec les nazis qui, de 1933 à 1945, ont tenté d’éliminer la maladie neurologique et psychiatrique du patrimoine génétique. Oskar et Cécile Vogt se sont opposés ouvertement et ont protesté courageusement contre le régime nazi et ses politiques. Ce sujet a déjà été exposé dans la littérature neurologique. Je discute ici d’Alexander Mitscherlich, de Haakon Saethre, de Walther Spielmeyer, de Jules Tinel et de Johannes Pompe.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the Context of the National and International Development of Neurology
    Bassetti, C L; Valko, F (2009). History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 160(2):52-65. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 2009, 160(2):52-65. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology Bassetti, C L; Valko, F Bassetti, C L; Valko, F (2009). History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 160(2):52-65. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 2009, 160(2):52-65. History of medicine History of the Swiss Neurological Society in the context of the national and international development of neurology n C. L. Bassetti, P. O. Valko Neurological Clinic and Policlinic, Zurich Neurosciences and neurology in Switzerland Neurophysiological and experimental work had before 1908 already been done by the all-round genius Albrecht von Haller (Berne, 1708–1777) in Berne, Daniel Long before the founding of the Swiss Neurolo gical Bernoulli (Groningen, 1700–1782) in Basel and Society (SNS) in 1908, Switzerland had made Charles-GasparddelaRive (1770–1834)inGeneva.
    [Show full text]
  • Ŀ Akdeniz Üniversitesi 2007 Yılı SCI Yayınlar
    2007 Akdeniz Üniversitesi 2007 Yılı SCI Yayınlar Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı ŀ İçindekiler TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ Anatomi Anabilim Dalı Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı Tıbbi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı Tıbbi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Tıp Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ Acil Tıp Anabilim Dalı Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıklar Anabilim Dalı Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı Radyasyon Onkolojisi Anabilim Dalı Tıbbi Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı Göğüs Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı Kulak, Burun ve Boğaz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı Plastik ve Rekonstrüktif Estetik Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı Üroloji Anabilim Dalı Anatomi Anabilim Dalı - 2007 1-Sarikcioglu L, Arican RY:Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921) and his contributions to neuroscience.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry78:(7),732,2007. 2-Yildirim FB, Soyuncu Y, Oguz N, Aydin AT, Sindel M, Ustunel I:Anterior intermeniscal ligament: An ultrastructural study.Annals of Anatomy189:(5), 510-4, 2007. 3-Yildirim FB, Sarikcioglu L:Marie jean pierre flourens (1794-1867): an extraordinary scientist of his time.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry78:(8),852,2007. 4-Sarikcioglu L:Otfrid foerster (1873-1941): one of the distinguished neuroscientists of his time.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry78:(6),650,2007. 5-Sarikcioglu L, Demirel BM, Ozsoy U, Gurer EI, Oguz N, Ucar Y:Angiolipoma located inside the obturator canal and supplied by the umbilical artery.Annals of Anatomy189:(1),75-8,2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives Emil Du Bois-Reymond On
    This article was downloaded by: [Auraria Library] On: 03 March 2014, At: 10:53 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/njhn20 Emil du Bois-Reymond on “The Seat of the Soul” Gabriel Finkelstein a a Department of History , University of Colorado Denver , Denver , CO Published online: 16 Jan 2014. To cite this article: Gabriel Finkelstein (2014) Emil du Bois-Reymond on “The Seat of the Soul”, Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives, 23:1, 45-55, DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2013.799415 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2013.799415 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory and Clinical Use of Probabilities in Germany After Gavarret. Part 1: Introducing German Dramatis Personae
    From the James Lind Library Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine; 2020, Vol. 113(12) 497–503 DOI: 10.1177/0141076820968486 Theory and clinical use of probabilities in Germany after Gavarret. Part 1: introducing German dramatis personae Ulrich Tro¨hler Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Corresponding author: Ulrich Tro¨hler. Email: [email protected] This article continues our series on probabilistic thinking and the evaluation of therapies, 1700–1900 The series will continue to appear as separate articles in the forthcoming issues of JRSM Books by Lind, Gregory, Haygarth and Black quoted Henle’s warning of the danger of falling into the earlier in this series had all been translated into post-hoc-ergo-propter-hoc fallacy by basing one’s German by the end of the 18th century – but not practice on successful single cases was also raised by into French (with the exception of Lind). I have Blane (1819, p. 226) and Guy (1860, p. 554). been unable so far to find any of their methodological Henle moved to Heidelberg in 1844, the year probabilistic passages referred to in the wider con- that Gavarret’s landmark book came out in temporary and early 19th-century German literature German. Two years later, Henle was the first (German medicine was trapped for a time by the German I have been able to trace so far who referred speculative philosophical systems of romantic medi- to it. And this was the only precisely quoted reference cine).1 This had changed by the mid-1830s and Paris’s in Henle’s 19-page text ‘On doctors’ methods’ at the new hospital medicine attracted open-minded, fru- beginning of the introduction to the first volume of strated German students after the end of the his Handbuch der rationellen Therapie (Handbook of Napoleonic period.
    [Show full text]