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Ukrainian Armed Forces
June 23, 2021 Ukrainian Armed Forces In 2014, the Ukrainian military, which observers noted had lower (around 2.5% of GDP). Ukraine’s 2021 defense been weakened by years of neglect and underfunding, faced budget is 117.6 billion hryvnia ($4.2 billion), 127 million Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s Crimea region and hryvnia ($4.6 million) less than 2020’s budget. invasion of eastern Ukraine. Since that time, the Ukrainian Additionally, Ukraine’s defense budget allocations are split armed forces have made considerable improvements; they between funds necessary to maintain the military and funds have undertaken efforts to adopt NATO standards and to support its ambitious reform program. received significant NATO and U.S. assistance. Many of these reforms began out of the experience of defending Ukraine inherited a sprawling defense industry from the against Russian aggression. Reforms range from the tactical Soviet Union, producing a wide range of products, to the strategic levels and include both political measures including tanks and armored vehicles, aircraft, radars and (e.g., increasing transparency, countering corruption, and electronics, missiles, and ships. Defense conglomerate ensuring civilian control over the military) and military Ukroboronprom oversees the defense industry, which reforms (e.g., modernizing equipment, reforming command comprises over 130 state-run companies. In recent years, and control, and increasing professionalization). Ukrainian officials have made reforming Ukroboronprom and increasing transparency key goals, including passing a Significant hurdles remain, however, and the reform new law, On Defense Procurement, in July 2020 to process is complicated by Ukraine’s Soviet legacy, the implement NATO standards in defense procurement. -
Ukrainian Armed Forces
June 23, 2021 Ukrainian Armed Forces In 2014, the Ukrainian military, which observers noted had lower (around 2.5% of GDP). Ukraine’s 2021 defense been weakened by years of neglect and underfunding, faced budget is 117.6 billion hryvnia ($4.2 billion), 127 million Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s Crimea region and hryvnia ($4.6 million) less than 2020’s budget. invasion of eastern Ukraine. Since that time, the Ukrainian Additionally, Ukraine’s defense budget allocations are split armed forces have made considerable improvements; they between funds necessary to maintain the military and funds have undertaken efforts to adopt NATO standards and to support its ambitious reform program. received significant NATO and U.S. assistance. Many of these reforms began out of the experience of defending Ukraine inherited a sprawling defense industry from the against Russian aggression. Reforms range from the tactical Soviet Union, producing a wide range of products, to the strategic levels and include both political measures including tanks and armored vehicles, aircraft, radars and (e.g., increasing transparency, countering corruption, and electronics, missiles, and ships. Defense conglomerate ensuring civilian control over the military) and military Ukroboronprom oversees the defense industry, which reforms (e.g., modernizing equipment, reforming command comprises over 130 state-run companies. In recent years, and control, and increasing professionalization). Ukrainian officials have made reforming Ukroboronprom and increasing transparency key goals, including passing a Significant hurdles remain, however, and the reform new law, On Defense Procurement, in July 2020 to process is complicated by Ukraine’s Soviet legacy, the implement NATO standards in defense procurement. -
Ukraine and NATO: Deadlock Or Re-Start? Ukraineukraine and and NATO: NATO: Ukraine Has Over the Past Ten Years Developed a Very Close Partnership with NATO
Ukraine and NATO: Deadlock or Re-start? UkraineUkraine and and NATO: NATO: Ukraine has over the past ten years developed a very close partnership with NATO. Key areas of Deadlock or Re-start? consultation and co-operation include, for instance, peacekeeping operations, and defence and Deadlock or Re-start? security sector reform. NATO’s engagement serves two vital purposes for Ukraine. First, it enhan- Jakob Hedenskog ces Ukraine’s long-term security and serves as a guarantee for the independence of the state; and JAKOB HEDENSKOG second, it promotes and encourages democratic institutionalisation and spreading of democratic norms and values in the country. JAKOB HEDENSKOG Ukraine and NATO: Deadlock or Re-start NATO’s door for Ukraine remains open. The future development of the integration depends on Ukraine’s correspondence to the standards of NATO membership, on the determination of its political leadership, and on an effective mobilisation of public opinion on NATO membership. This report shows that Ukraine has made progress in reaching the standards for NATO membership, especially in the spheres of military contribution and interoperability. However the absence of national consensus and lack of political will and strategic management of the government hamper any effective implementation of Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic integration. It is also crucial to neutralise Russia’s influence, which seriously hampers Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic course. Leading representati- ves of the current leadership, especially Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and his Party of Regions of Ukraine, prefer for the moment continued stable relations with Russia rather than NATO mem- ? bership. Jakob Hedenskog is a security policy analyst at the Swedish Defence Re- search Agency (FOI) specialised on Ukraine. -
Ukraine and Black Sea Security
SIPRI Background Paper December 2018 UKRAINE AND SUMMARY w The Black Sea region is BLACK SEA SECURITY experiencing a changing military balance. The six littoral states (Bulgaria, siemon t. wezeman and alexandra kuimova* Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine) intensified their efforts to build up their military potential after Russia’s The security environment in the wider Black Sea region—which brings takeover of Crimea and the together the six littoral states (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey start of the internationalized and Ukraine) and a hinterland including the South Caucasus and Moldova— civil war in eastern Ukraine is rapidly changing. It combines protracted conflicts with a significant con- in 2014. ventional military build-up that intensified after the events of 2014: Russia’s The loss of Crimea and the takeover of Crimea and the start of the internationalized civil war in eastern conflict in the east of the Ukraine.1 Transnational connections between conflicts across the region country have dramatically and between the Black Sea and the Middle East add further dimensions of changed Ukraine’s relations insecurity. As a result, there is a blurring of the conditions of peace, crisis with Russia and its position in and conflict in the region. This has led to an unpredictable and potentially the Black Sea. The civil war has high-risk environment in which military forces with advanced weapons, become by far the most including nuclear-capable systems, are increasingly active in close proxim- important security issue for Ukraine and Russia has become ity to each other. the main threat to its security. -
Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S
Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy Cory Welt Specialist in European Affairs Updated April 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45008 SUMMARY R45008 Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and April 29, 2020 U.S. Policy Cory Welt In 2019, Ukraine transitioned to a new government under President Volodymyr Zelensky and his Specialist in European Servant of the People party. During Zelensky’s presidency, Ukraine has enacted difficult Affairs economic and governance reforms and renewed talks with Russia on conflict resolution. In [email protected] March 2020, a reshuffling of a six-month-old cabinet that had gained international confidence but lost domestic popularity raised concerns for some. The emergence in Ukraine of Coronavirus For a copy of the full report, Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created further difficulties but also led the government to advance key please call 7-.... or visit reforms necessary to unlock international financial support. www.crs.gov. The United States supports Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders and promotes the implementation of domestic reforms. Since Ukraine’s independence in 1991, and especially after Russia’s 2014 invasion and occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukraine has been a leading recipient of U.S. foreign and military aid in Europe and Eurasia. Nonmilitary aid averaged about $321 million a year from FY2015 to FY2019, plus a total of almost $240 million in humanitarian aid since 2014. The United States also provides military assistance to Ukraine: more than $1.6 billion since 2014, mainly though the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative. -
The Great Famine in Ukraine from 1930 to 1933
THE GREAT FAMINE IN UKRAINE FROM 1930 TO 1933: AN INSTRUMENT OF NATIONALISM THEN AND TODAY By Helen Fisun Submitted to Professors Linda Gerstein and Paul Smith In partial fulfillment of the requirements of History 400: Senior Thesis Seminar 22 April 2011 ABSTRACT The Great Famine in the Soviet Union lasted between the years of 1930 and 1933. The devastation peaked in winter of 1932 and continued throughout 1933. Statistics which accurately represent the tragedy are impossible to find due to Stalin's deliberate erasure of records. These records would have depicted a scene of mass murder. It has been estimated that the Famine took around eight to ten million lives. Five to six million of these citizens belonged to the Ukrainian SSR. This occurred because of Stalin's direct targeting of the Ukrainian state in order to industrialize and modernize the Soviet Union in an unrealistic time frame. Thus, for maximum results, he instituted a system of collective farming throughout the USSR which most severely affected the peasants of the Ukrainian country side. When the peasants rebelled, refusing to be manipulated by the Soviet Regime, Stalin punished the peasantry for their defiance by instituting a man made famine through the exportation of harvested crops out of Ukraine. Furthermore, he prohibited the provision of aid, as well as the emigration of Ukrainian peasants from the countryside. This resulted in the mass starvation of the Ukrainian peasantry, killing millions of innocent victims More recently, the topic of Holodomor, the Famine in Ukraine, has resurfaced as a politically polarizing issue. Russia refuses to accept its role in the mass murder of Ukrainian people, while Ukraine asserts the Russian role as an intentional exploiter of Ukraine. -
ECFG-Ukraine-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Ukrainian and Polish soldiers compete in a soccer during cultural day at the International Peacekeeping and Security Center in Yavoriv, Ukraine). The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on Eastern Europe. Ukraine Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Ukrainian society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training (Photo: A Ukrainian media woman dances as the US Air Forces in Europe Band plays a song in Dnipro, Ukraine). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
ECFG Ukraine 2018.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Ukrainian and Polish soldiers compete in a soccer during cultural day at the International Peacekeeping and Security Center in Yavoriv, Ukraine). The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on Eastern Europe. Ukraine Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Ukrainian society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training (Photo: A Ukrainian media woman dances as the US Air Forces in Europe Band plays a song in Dnipro, Ukraine). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at http://culture.af.mil/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives
EDITED COLLECTION E-IR.INFO Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives i Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKwa Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, UK 2015 The material herein is published under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work under the following conditions: You must attribute the work to both 1) the author, who retains copyright and 2) to the publisher, E-International Relations - but not in any way that suggests that either party endorses you or your use of the work. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you must make this clear when doing so and you must distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries. Series Editors: Stephen McGlinchey, Marianna Karakoulaki, and Robert Oprisko Copy Editing: Michael Pang Production: Ran Xiao Cover Image: Paganelj E-International Relations is the world’s leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics. -
Rebuilding the Ukrainian Navy Deborah Sanders King’S College London
Naval War College Review Volume 70 Article 5 Number 4 Autumn 2017 Rebuilding the Ukrainian Navy Deborah Sanders King’s College London Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Sanders, Deborah (2017) "Rebuilding the Ukrainian Navy," Naval War College Review: Vol. 70 : No. 4 , Article 5. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol70/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sanders: Rebuilding the Ukrainian Navy REBUILDING THE UKRAINIAN NAVY Deborah Sanders he Russian Federation’s rapid and illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014 has had a profoundly negative effect on the Ukrainian navy� The service lost ac- Tcess to a third of its Black Sea coastline, control of the Kerch Strait, and access to the defense industries located in Crimea�1 It lost the majority of its service personnel and access to its military and maritime infrastructure and ports in Crimea� The Ukrainian navy also lost two-thirds of its warships, including its most modern platforms� Despite Russia’s slow return of some of Ukraine’s mari- time platforms, the Russian seizure of many of Ukraine’s major warships and na- val aviation and air assets has dealt a serious blow to the already small Ukrainian navy� Andri Ryzenko, a -
The Image of the Ukrainian Revolt and Hetman Bohdan Khmel’Nyts’Kyi in Foreign Travel Accounts
Framing The Borderland: The Image of the Ukrainian Revolt and Hetman Bohdan Khmel’nyts’kyi in Foreign Travel Accounts FRANK SYSYN In many ways, Ukraine burst upon the European scene in the mid-seventeenth century. The great revolt of 1648 brought the largest European state, the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, to near disintegration. By the 1650s events in the Cossack capital of Chyhyryn were being closely followed from Stockholm to Constantinople. European newspapers avidly printed reports on the Hetman Bohdan Khmel’nyts’kyi and his armies. Yet for much of Europe “the Ukraine” or the borderland of the Polish state was still a terra incognita about which statesmen and reading publics needed basic information and about which many uncertainties reigned. Within a few years of the revolt, the thirst for information was answered by publications on Ukraine and accounts of the revolt.1 The first texts were issued by 1 On the accounts of the revolt and reactions to it, see Volodymyr Sichyns'kyi, Chuzhyntsi pro Ukraïnu (Kyiv, 1993) (from the 2nd expanded Prague edition of 1942), and the Eng- lish translation Ukraine in Foreign Comments and Descriptions from the VIth to XXth Century (New York, 1953); Mykhailo Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus', vol. 8, trans. Marta Olynyk, ed. Frank E. Sysyn and Myroslav Iurkevich (Edmonton and Toronto, 2002), See especially Note 5: Sources for the Khmelnytsky Era and its Historical Tradi- tion, 670-676, 678-683; Joel Raba, Between Remembrance and Denial: The Fate of Jews in the Polish Commonwealth during the -
Van Der Laarse Claiming the Crimean Treasures Cover9.12
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Who Owns the Crimean Past? Conflicted Heritage and Ukrainian Identities van der Laarse, R. Publication date 2016 Document Version Final published version Published in A Critical Biographic Approach of Europe’s Past License Unspecified Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van der Laarse, R. (2016). Who Owns the Crimean Past? Conflicted Heritage and Ukrainian Identities. In D. Callebaut (Ed.), A Critical Biographic Approach of Europe’s Past : Conference Ename, Oudenaarde: November 28-29 2014 (pp. 15-52). Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 A Critical Biographic Approach of Europe’s Past Europe’s of Approach Biographic A Critical A Critical Biographic Approach of Europe’s Past Conference Ename Oudenaarde · November 28–29 2014 Edited by Dirk Callebaut | 15 | Who owns the Crimean Past? Conflicted Heritage and Ukrainian Identities Rob van der Laarse | 16 | Abstract In the past ten years interest in the history and heritage of European regional and ethnic conflicts has grown explosively.